learning behavior in wasp - hyssopus pallidus
TRANSCRIPT
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Muhammad Faisal Riaz 24
Nimra Altaf
Faizan Iqbal
Faiz ullah Faiz 04
Muhammad Zeeshan Nazar 01
Jafar Ali Naqi Khan
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Case Study
Learning in the Parasitoid Wasp(Hyssopus pallidus)
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Before discuss this case study We should know,
A parasitoid’s host-searching ability depends on,
i. Responses to chemical cues.
ii. These responses have both genetic and learned components.
Any critical phase at which a parasitoid is more likely to learned?
Does learning carry through from one life stage to another?
?Questions arise in this topic are
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Cydia pomonella is the major pest of apple fruits.
Hatched parasitoid larvae disperse
throughout the orchard to find new host.
Hyssopus pallidus (parasitoid) used as biocontrol.
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Q. Either wasp depends on the traces of (Moth’s)
frass
in the channels of infested fruit or not???Moth’s caterpillar feed on
Artificial diet
Strong decline of the response to frass of moths thatfed on artificial diet while other group showed opposite result.
Apple cues
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• Host derived frass were recognized innately • But learning was required before wasp recognized fruit derived
components.
Q. Did parasitoid need to learn fruit related chemicals from caterpillars and their feces or exposure to fruit itself was sufficient?
After perceiving the existence of learning behavior, the question arise
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Moth Caterpillars(1st instar moth)
AppleFeed Extract WormWaited for
5th instar
Worm
Filter paper with extract
Apple pieceAppleExtract
Feed on wheat germ
Introduced mated female in each group
New cage withoutapple cues
NewGeneration
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New Generation4 days old
Filter paper on top treating with apple extract
Hyssopus larva fed with apple diet showed significantly greater response to host frass than reared without apple cues.
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Q. Did a high response to host frass require exposure to both the taste and smell of apple?
Apple supplement Odor of apple extract
Both treatments enhanced female response but their response towards olfaction was more effective as taste and smell together.
Parasitoids reared on
caterpillars
Parasitoids reared on
caterpillars
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Q. Was their a sensitive stage in parasitoid’s life history
for learning the relevant stimuli?
Wasps exposed to apple clues at different developmental stags.
Never exposed to apple at all
Group 1 Showed greater response as adult to natural frass.
Exposed to apple throughout its life
Group 1 Group 2
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Stage exposed to odourof apple fruit extract Adult response to frass extract from apple-fed host caterpillars
Total development
Egg-young larva
Old larva-pupa
Pupa emergence
Adult
No Exposure (Control) (0)
0 5 10 15 20 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180Response(s) Days from oviposition
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Parasitoids are more responsive to the
control than menthol
Control Group Parasitoid used
only solvent
Egg to Larvae
Experimental Group Parasitoid
used Menthol
Q. Was pre-imaginal learning confined to fruit cues,or was it a more general phenomenon?
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Parasitic wasp Hyssopus pallidus learns to locate its hidden
host by its frass and this recognition is two stage process.
Host-derived chemicals in frass innately.
Apple derived chemicals learned only through exposure in
early life cycle;
not early adulthood, but from egg to larva
Conclusio
n
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