learning area 2 notes: computer system
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7/27/2019 LEARNING AREA 2 NOTES: COMPUTER SYSTEM
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Example of Input Device
Keyboard Touchscreen CCTV Bar code reader
Scanner Web cam Microphone joystick
Mouse Digital camera Laser pen
Example of Processor
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
Example of Output Device
Monitor Speaker Printer LCD Projector
Headphone plotter
COMPUTER SYSTEM = combination of 4 hardware components toaccept and process data, display and store the output.
4 hardware components
1.INPUT
DEVICE
= device to
accept data /
input by users
to be
processed.
3. OUTPUTDEVICE
= device to
display the data
that has been
processed
2. PROCESSOR
= CPU will
process the
input data into
useful
information
4. STORAGEDEVICE
= device that
store the data /
output for future
use
STORAGE DEVICE
Primar Stora e
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1. User key in (input) the data using input device.2. The data will be processed by processor into useful information.3. The processed data (info) will be displayed by output device such as
monitor, printer,...
4. The processed data (info) will be stored for future used.**Types of data text, graphic, audio, video
Types of information
text, chart, graphic, graph, total mark, video, audio.
INPUT
STORAGE
OUTPUTPROCESS
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1. INPUT any data / instructions enter into the computer for processing.
Types of input Text Graphics Audio videoInput devices Keyboard
ScannerBarcode
reader
Opticalreader
ScannerDigital
camera
microphoneMIDI
keyboard
CCTV Web cam Digital
camera
**pointing devicemouse, trackball, graphic tablet, touch screen.
2. PROCESS process raw data into useful information.done by CPU or processor
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FETCH + DECODE = Instruction Cycle (I-Cycle)
EXECUTE + STORE = Execution Cycle (E-Cycle)
** I-Cycle + E-Cycle = Machine Cycle
3. OUTPUT data that has been processed / information
Can be displayed (soft copy) dan printed (hard copy)Types of output Text Graphics Audio video
Output devices PrinterScanner Scanner SpeakerHeadphone LCDprojector
FETCH
STORE
EXECUTE
DECODE
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4. STORAGElocation which data / information is kept for future used.
Differences RAM vs ROM
DIFFERENCES RAM ROM
Data and Program Stores during and after
processing
Stored by manufacturer
Content Temporary (sementara) Permanent (kekal kecuali
padam)
Processing Time Very fast, but use a lot of
power
Fast, use only little power
Volatility Volatile (meruap)
-content loss when power
is OFF
Non-volatile (tidak meruap)
-content still have when
power is OFF
STORAGE DEVICE
Secondary StoragePrimary Storage
RAMROM
Magnetic
medium
Hard disk
Floppy disk
Flash Memory
Pen drive
Memory card
Memory Stick
Optical Medium
CD ROM
DVD ROM
Blu Ray disk
CDR
CDRW
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Differences Primary vs Secondary Storage
DIFFERENCES Primary Storage Secondary Storage
Need Compulsory Alternative
Location Installed internally
and can be accessed
directly by CPU
External storage
Capacity of
data stored
Store small amount
of data
Store large amount
of data. Ex: hard disk
Access Speed Faster because
closer to CPU
Slow because have
to transfer by cable
to CPU
Cost Expensive Cheap
Volatility Volatile (except
ROM)
Non-Volatile
Save data Temporary Permanent
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1. Computer only recognise 2 states : 0 and 1.Each 0 and 1 is called bit.
Combination of 0 and 1 represents alphabets
symbols = characters
numbers
2. Bit = binary digit 0 = no/false/off
1 = yes/true/on
= the smallest unit of data
3. Byte = a collection of 8 bits to represent characters.
1 byte = 8 bits
1 byte = 1 character
8 bits = 1 byte = 1 character
Example :
01000011 = A , 01000010 = B
01100011 = a , 01100010 = b
8 bits
= 1 b te8 bits
= 1 b te
1 character 1 character
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such asCommunication Codes smoke signals, morse code and
semaphore are used by people in the early days.
Computer use binary codes to communicate. One of the widely
used binary codes is the American Standard Code for
Information Interchange (ASCII)
CHARACTER CODES
ASCII
(American Standard Code for
Information Interchange)
1 byte = 8 bits
ASCII represents 28
= 256
characters
EBCDIC
(Extended BinaryCoded Decimal
Interchange
Code)
UNICODE
= use 2 bytes torepresent 1 character
2 bytes = 1 character
UNICODE represent >
65000 characters
UNICODE can represent
other world languages:Arabic, Japanese,
Chinese
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1. Computer Speed = how fast it can process data / speed the computer
can turn data into information.
2. Micro processor contains a system clock.
system clock controls the speed of all operations within a computer.the speed of the clock is measured by how many cycles per secondthe clock makes.
Hertz the clock speed unit is measured in hertz.
A hertz is one cycle per second.
1 hertz =1 cycle
1 second
MegaHertz (MHz) one million cycles of system clock.
1 MHz =1 000 000 cycles
1 second
GigaHertz (GHz) one billion cycles of system clock
1 GHz =1 000 000 000 cycles
1 second
1 GHz = 1000 MHz
3. Processing Speed = influence by system clock.
= a CPU with higher clock speed can process more instructions per second.
4. Microprocessor Speed = are determine by their clock speed and areusually expressed in GigaHertz. (GHz).
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SYSTEM SOFTWARE
Program that controls or
maintains the operations
of computer and itsdevices.
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
Program that perform specific
task for the user and help to
solve users problem.
OPERATING SYSTEM
Program that
coordinates all
activities among
computer hardware
devices. It enable
computer to start.
Examples :
Windows, Mac OS X,
UNIX, LINUX
UTILITY PROGRAM
System software
that allow user toperform
maintenance-type-
tasks.
(housekeeping)
Examples :
Antivirus
Antispyware
Diagnostic Utility
File Manager
Disk
Defragmenter
Screen Saver
Driver.
Types of Application
Software:
Word Processing,
Spreadsheet,
Presentation
software,
Database,
Web Browser,
Graphic Editing
Software.
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BOOT = starting or restarting the computer.
Performs by operating system
WARM BOOT
Restarting the computer
that is powered on
COLD BOOT
Turn on the computer
that is powered off
Manage memory
Configure devices
Manage data
and programs
Provide
user
interface
Starting the computer
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Disadvantage:
1. Difficult to use
because user
has tomemorise
syntaxs and
instructions
2. Not user
friendly
Advantage :
1. User dont have
to memorise teh
syntax andcommands
2. Easy to learn and
use
Advantage:
1. Very user
friendly
2. The easiest touse.
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Proprietary Software /
Close-Source Software
Open Source Software
Is a licensed software released /
distributed by a company without its
source code.
A software that the source code is
available and user can modify it.
Advantage:
1. offer a stable system and support
if fails / malfunctions
2. updates and latest info is
provided by manufacturer.
Advantage:
1. Can be freely distributed
2. User receive the whole binary
version and source code.
3. User has the right to modify /
upgrade the software for better
improvement, according to their
needs.
Disadvantage:
1. cannot be freely distributed
because it is licensed. (user must
purchase the software companygain profit)
2. user do not receive source code.
3. user dont have the right to
modify/ redistribute the software.
Disadvantage:
1. Unstable system without support if
fails or malfunctions.
2. Updates and latest info. Onlyavailable if user who modify /
upgrade the software, redistribute
it.
Examples :
Operating SystemWindows,
Macintosh
Application Software Google
Earth, Adobe Photoshop, Win
RaR, Microsoft Office.
Examples:
Operating System Android, Syllable
OS, MINIX, Ubuntu, LINUX, Haiku
Application SoftwareJoomla,
Alfresco, Koffice, NeoOffice, My
SQL, Squirrel Mail, paint.net,
ImageMagik, Blender, Scribus,
Mozilla Firefox, VLC Media Player,
Inkscape
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