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Learning. Classical Conditioning. Classical Conditioning. Ivan Pavlov 1849-1936 Russian physician/ neurophysiologist Nobel Prize in 1904 studied digestive secretions. Classical Conditioning. Pavlov’s device for recording salivation. Pavlov’s Classic Experiment. Before Conditioning. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Learning

LearningLearning

Classical ConditioningClassical Conditioning

Page 2: Learning

Classical Classical ConditioningConditioning

Ivan PavlovIvan Pavlov 1849-19361849-1936 Russian physician/ Russian physician/

neurophysiologistneurophysiologist Nobel Prize in 1904Nobel Prize in 1904 studied digestive studied digestive

secretionssecretions

Page 3: Learning

Classical Classical ConditioningConditioning

Pavlov’s Pavlov’s device for device for recording recording salivationsalivation

Page 4: Learning

Pavlov’s Classic Pavlov’s Classic ExperimentExperiment

Before Conditioning

During Conditioning After Conditioning

UCS (foodin mouth)

Neutralstimulus(tone)

Nosalivation

UCR (salivation)

Neutralstimulus(tone)

UCS (foodin mouth)

UCR(salivation)

CS(tone)

CR (salivation)

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Page 6: Learning

Classical Classical ConditioningConditioning Classical ConditioningClassical Conditioning

a neutral stimulus that signals an a neutral stimulus that signals an unconditioned stimulus begins unconditioned stimulus begins to produce a response that to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the anticipates and prepares for the unconditioned stimulusunconditioned stimulus

Page 7: Learning

Classical Classical ConditioningConditioning Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)

stimulus that unconditionally--stimulus that unconditionally--automatically and naturally--triggers a automatically and naturally--triggers a responseresponse

Unconditioned Response (UCR)Unconditioned Response (UCR) unlearned, naturally occurring response to unlearned, naturally occurring response to

the unconditioned stimulusthe unconditioned stimulus salivation when food is in the mouth salivation when food is in the mouth

Page 8: Learning

Classical Classical ConditioningConditioning Conditioned Stimulus (CS)Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

originally irrelevant stimulus that, originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned responsetrigger a conditioned response

Conditioned Response (CR)Conditioned Response (CR) learned response to a previously learned response to a previously

neutral conditioned stimulusneutral conditioned stimulus

Page 9: Learning
Page 10: Learning

Classical Classical ConditioningConditioning

John B. WatsonJohn B. Watson viewed psychology as viewed psychology as

objective scienceobjective science generally agreed-upon generally agreed-upon

consensus todayconsensus today recommended study of recommended study of

behavior without behavior without reference to reference to unobservable mental unobservable mental processesprocesses not universally accepted not universally accepted

by all schools of thought by all schools of thought todaytoday

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Little AlbertLittle Albert

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Classical Classical ConditioningConditioning

GeneralizationGeneralization tendency for stimuli similar to tendency for stimuli similar to

CS to elicit similar responsesCS to elicit similar responses DiscriminationDiscrimination

in classical conditioning, the in classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish learned ability to distinguish between a CS and other between a CS and other stimuli that do not signal a stimuli that do not signal a UCSUCS

Page 13: Learning

Classical Classical ConditioningConditioning

AcquisitionAcquisition the initial stage in classical conditioningthe initial stage in classical conditioning the phase associating a neutral stimulus the phase associating a neutral stimulus

with an unconditioned stimulus so that with an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned responseconditioned response

Page 14: Learning

Classical Classical ConditioningConditioning

ExtinctionExtinction diminishing of a CR diminishing of a CR in classical conditioning, in classical conditioning,

when a UCS does not follow when a UCS does not follow a CSa CS

in operant conditioning, in operant conditioning, when a response is no when a response is no longer reinforced longer reinforced

Page 15: Learning

Classical Classical ConditioningConditioning

Strengthof CR

Pause

Acquisition(CS+UCS)

Extinction(CS alone)

Extinction(CS alone)

Spontaneousrecovery ofCR

Page 16: Learning

Classical Classical ConditioningConditioning

Spontaneous RecoverySpontaneous Recovery reappearance, after a rest reappearance, after a rest

period, of an extinguished CRperiod, of an extinguished CR

Page 17: Learning

Current UnderstandingCurrent Understanding Early behaviorists did not Early behaviorists did not

consider cognition but . . .consider cognition but . . . Conditioning is based upon Conditioning is based upon predictabilitypredictability and and expectancyexpectancy

Conditioning occurs best Conditioning occurs best when the pairing of stimuli is when the pairing of stimuli is similar to a causal relationshipsimilar to a causal relationship

Page 18: Learning

Current UnderstandingCurrent Understanding Early behaviorists believed Early behaviorists believed

that any natural response that any natural response could be conditioned using could be conditioned using any neutral stimulus but . . .any neutral stimulus but . . .

An animals capacity for An animals capacity for conditioning is constrained by conditioning is constrained by its biologyits biology

Page 19: Learning

Current UnderstandingCurrent Understanding Biological Biological

PredispositionsPredispositions A species will A species will

learn particular learn particular associations that associations that enhance its enhance its survivalsurvival

John Garcia

Page 20: Learning

Nausea Conditioning Nausea Conditioning in Cancer Patientsin Cancer Patients

UCS(drug)

UCR(nausea)

CS(waiting room)

CS(waitingroom) CR

(nausea)

UCS(drug)

UCR(nausea)

Page 21: Learning

So What?So What? Classical Conditioning allows Classical Conditioning allows

animals to adapt to their animals to adapt to their environmentenvironment

Animals are extra-responsive Animals are extra-responsive to stimuli that announce to stimuli that announce significant events such as significant events such as food or painfood or pain

• Conditioning enables animals Conditioning enables animals to develop likes and dislikes to develop likes and dislikes that aid survivalthat aid survival

Page 22: Learning

Applications of Classical Applications of Classical ConditioningConditioning Every species tested has Every species tested has

developed adaptations developed adaptations through classical conditioningthrough classical conditioning Psychological TherapyPsychological Therapy Animal training and controlAnimal training and control Addiction recoveryAddiction recovery

Page 23: Learning

So where do we see Classical So where do we see Classical Conditioning every day?Conditioning every day?

Advertisers link powerful Advertisers link powerful emotions with their productsemotions with their products

Page 24: Learning

Classical Conditioning in Classical Conditioning in AdvertisingAdvertising

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HungerHunger

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Page 27: Learning

Generic Brands rely on Generic Brands rely on GeneralizationGeneralization

Page 28: Learning

Sex Sells . . .Sex Sells . . .

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Page 30: Learning
http://seeingredaz.wordpress.com/?attachment_id=426
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Page 32: Learning
Page 33: Learning

Sex SellsSex Sells

Page 34: Learning

FreedomFreedom

Page 35: Learning
Page 36: Learning

PatriotismPatriotism

Page 37: Learning
Page 38: Learning
Page 39: Learning

Patriotism & Hunger?Patriotism & Hunger?

Page 40: Learning

Parental InstinctsParental Instincts

Page 41: Learning
Page 42: Learning
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Spirit of AdventureSpirit of Adventure

Page 44: Learning
Page 45: Learning

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