lean -isd - eppic - pursuing performance | to protect … -isd concept of “lean” from the book:...

TRAINING ’98—Session #415 © 1998 CADDI, Inc. 2/18/98REPRODUCTION WITHOUT WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED P-1000

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Lean -ISD

Concept of “lean” from the book:

The Machine That Changed the Worldby:

James P. WomackDaniel T. Jones

Daniel Roos


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lean

Best of both mass and craft productionPrinciples and attributes of lean• Teamwork• Communication• Efficient use of resources and elimination of

waste• Continuous improvement


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lean

Attributes of a lean process/methodology• Defined process/steps• Defined roles/responsibilities• Standard tools/templates• Flexible


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ISD

The bottom line—it is difficult to get consistent, reliable results implementing ISD in a corporate

training organization

Common Benefits Common Complaints• More interactivity and/or

testing• More effective

instructional process• Focus on job performance

and learning versus content

• Better use of instructional media

• Takes too long• Impossible to forecast and

manage• Variable results—

depends on the designer• Each designer uses

his/her own process, formats, defaults, etc.


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lean-ISD

lean applied to ISD would have beneficial impacts on• Quality• Cycle time• Cost


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IAD

CAD

PACT Analysis MCD

Project Planning & Management

Curriculum Architecture Design

Modular Curriculum Development

Instructional Activity Development

lean-ISDvia the PACTSM Processes for T&D

CADDI’s PACT Processes for T&D


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IAD

CAD

PACT Analysis MCD


Curriculum Architecture Design

Modular Curriculum Development

Instructional Activity Development

Three levels of ISD


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Let’s look at some examples


Akin to systems engineering of products

• Car development

• Telecommunications product development

• Software development


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lean-Car Development

Component Design &

Development

Auto Integrated Systems Design

Customer Requirements

& Supplier Capabilities

System Design &

Development


e.g., Four-door pickup truck

e.g., H/V/AC system design

e.g., Backseat fan control mechanism


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lean-Telecommunications Product Development

Component Design &

Development

Network Integrated Systems Design



System Design &

Development


e.g., Networked phone system

e.g., Phone handset

e.g., “Redial” button


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lean-Software Development

Component Design &

Development

Application Suite

Systems Design



System Design &

Development


e.g., Integrated corporate financial system

e.g., Spreadsheet application

e.g., “Cut & paste” function


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Product X Product Y

CAD assists in a reuse strategy for modules/chunks of T&D content

PACT Processes for T&D

CAD - Curriculum Architecture Design

Macrolevel ISD analysis and designSystems analysis and systems engineering design of the T&D product line• Modular design product line


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MCD - Modular Curriculum Development

Midlevel analysis and design

Akin to the ADDIEModel, also known as the “big block diagram,” fromthe work of Robert Gagne, Leslie Briggs, Robert Moran, and Robert Branson

AnalysisA

DesignD

DevelopmentD

ImplementationI

EvaluationE


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IAD - Instructional Activity Development

Microlevel analysis and designDevelopment of typical instructional elements or activities, such as• Simulation exercises• Performance tests• Structured, on-the-job training• Demonstrations• Case studies• Etc.


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AnalysisSimilar front-end analysis for each PACT Process for T&D

IAD

CAD

PACT Analysis MCD



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PACT Analysis

Target Audience Data

Performance Modeling

Knowledge/Skill Analysis

Existing T&D Assessment


AnalysisFour types of ISD Analysis


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Project Planning & ManagementPACT embraces• Structured processes• Predefined roles and responsibilities• Detailed planning• Continuous communications• Customer control of content/

supplier control of process


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Project Planning & ManagementPlanning and communications tools and templates• Systematic engagement of customers and

stakeholders- The right people doing the right things at the right time

• Interview guides• Project Plan templates

- CAD- MCD- IAD

• PST gate review meeting presentations


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Gated Project PhasesEach PACT Process has a gated process model• Gates are key customer/stakeholder

review/approval/decision points

CAD Phase 4

Implementation Planning

CAD Phase 1Project

Planning & Kick-off

CAD Phase 2

Analysis

CAD Phase 3

Design


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MCD Phase 4

Development/ Acquisition

MCD Phase 1Project

Planning & Kick-off

MCD Phase 2

Analysis

MCD Phase 3

Design

MCD Phase 5

Pilot Test

MCD Phase 6

Revision & Release


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IAD Phase 4

Development

IAD Phase 1Project

Planning & Kick-off

IAD Phase 2

Analysis

IAD Phase 3

Design

IAD Phase 5

Pilot Test

IAD Phase 6

Revision & Release


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CAD Phase 4

Implementation Planning

CAD Phase 1Project

Planning & Kick-off

CAD Phases 2/3

Analysis/Design


Gated Project PhasesEach PACT Process is the starting point for situational adjustment/adaptation• Phase combinations are possible


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MCD Phase 4

Development/ Acquisition

MCD Phase 1Project

Planning & Kick-off

MCD Phases 2/3

Analysis/Design

MCD Phase 5

Pilot Test

MCD Phase 6

Revision & Release




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IAD Phases 4/5/6

Development, Pilot Test, and Revision & Release

IAD Phases 2/3

Analysis/Design



IAD Phase 1Project

Planning & Kick-off


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Teams & Roles/Responsibilities

Project Steering Team

Analysis Team

Design Team

Implementation Planning Team

Typical Teams — CAD


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Analysis Team

Design Team

Development Team

Pilot Test Team


Teams & Roles/ResponsibilitiesTypical Teams — MCD


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Analysis Team

Design Team

Development Team

Pilot Test Team


Teams & Roles/ResponsibilitiesTypical Teams — IAD


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Word Processing Templates

• Project Plan

• Proposal

• Project Steering Team Review Presentations

• Invitation and Confirmation Letters


Tools and Go-by’s

• Stakeholder/Customer Interview Guide

• Project Plan

• Proposal


Tools and Templates


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Analysis


Tools and Templates


• Target Audience Data

• Performance Model

• Knowledge/Skill Matrix

• Existing T&D Assessment

• Analysis Team Kick-off Presentation

• Project Steering Team Review Presentation

Tools and Go-by’s

• Analysis Report

• Analysis Database


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Design


Tools and Templates


• Event Specs and Maps

• Module Specs and Maps

• Lesson Specs and Maps

• Activity Specs

• Project Steering Team Review Presentation

• Design Team Kick-off Presentation

Tools and Go-by’s

• Design Document

• Design Database


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Development


Tools and Templates

Word Processing Templates Tools and Go-by’s


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lean-ISD via the PACT Processes for T&D

Business Benefits

Ensures voice of the customer and voice of the supplier in ISD projects

Customer/Stakeholder

• Project is visible and predictable in terms of

- T&D quality- Investment and returns

- Project tasks and schedule

• Provides managerial review and control points

Supplier

• Puts ISD suppliers in control of instructional integrity within the parameters set by the customer

• Templates and tools enable detailed project planning and communications with the customer

Learner

• T&D is performance oriented and will have a positive impact on learner’s ability to perform

• Modular structure provides flexibility for learner participation


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Standard, but flexible processes and methodologies for ISD

lean-ISD Summary

• A blend of the best of both craft and massproduction approaches, applied to ISD- Common process- Gated process models- Use of teams- Use of tools and templates

• Multilevel design hierarchy used to ensure platform, modular, integrated ISD

lean -isd - eppic - pursuing performance | to protect … -isd concept of “lean” from the book:...

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