leah leadership projects: objectives, literature review, methods cari mccarty, ph.d. november 22,...
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LEAHLeadership Projects:
Objectives, Literature Review, Methods
Cari McCarty, Ph.D.November 22, 2013
Check In
• Content Category (1 of 5)• Topic• Mentoring Panel
Step 1: Create LP Objectives
• Clinical Care – What will you develop, who is it targeted to, and how could it improve care?
• Policy – What type of policy do you aim to inform and how will you go about it?
• Research – Specify and interest the reader in an important question your study will answer
• Advocacy – Who is your advocacy project targeted to? What are the advocacy objectives?
• Education – Who will you educate? What are the learning objectives?
Creating LP Objectives
Qualities of Strong LP Objectives
• Important and interesting: Check it out with your mentor and peers, spouse, friends, etc.
Framing: Does Your Objective Interest Others?
Creating Your LP Objectives
Qualities of Strong LP Objectives
• Important and interesting: Check it out with your mentor and peers, spouse, friends, etc.
• Clearly written, with unambiguous language: Does it mean to others what it means to you?
Is it Clear and Unambiguous?
Learning Many New Languages
During the course of your project, you will consult with diverse experts (technology, IRB, data management, research design, data analysis, biostatistics, scientific writing, etc.) …each speaking a different language…Ask for help when you are unsure what is meant …
Creating LP Objectives
Qualities of Strong LP Objectives
• Important and interesting: Check it out with your mentor and parents, spouse, friends, etc.
• Clearly written, with unambiguous language: Does it mean to others what it means to you?
• Specific enough to tell the reader what you’ll learn: Population? Exposure? Outcomes? Timeframes?
LP Objective Language
Tensions in creating a
a simple yet specific objective in lay language
• Specificity: Vague Detailed• Length: Long Short• Wording: Unclear Excessive
lingo
Creating LP Objectives
Qualities of Strong LP Objectives
• Imply a hypothesis (if Research): Can you phrase it “To determine or test whether “ ______ “? Does it imply the “directionality” of your hypothesis?
• Addressable (by you): How sure are you that YOU can do the work to address the objective? What is your method/outcome? Do you have or can you recruit the needed expertise?
Refining LP Objectives
• Have lots of other people review it• Have non-researchers review it • Re-review it yourself after taking a break from it• Make sure the work you are doing addresses it and
is feasible
Step 2: Literature Reviews with a Librarian
• Write down specific topics and keywords relevant to your objectives
• Identify the optimal librarian liaison http://www.lib.washington.edu/subject/librarians/ or Susan [email protected]
• Email him/her and set up a meeting (in person or phone); they are expecting you!
• Refine and save your search
Literature Reviews
Benefits of Standardized Literature Reviews
• Research ideas: Gaps in literature, patterns in what has been examined
• Policy/advocacy: Data leads to changes!• Publishing: Write a standardized literature
review or an editorial• Save time when writing later manuscripts
and grants
Standardize Your Literature Reviews
Develop a Table/Form to Abstract Key Information
• For a specific question and a specific search • Specify inclusion/exclusion criteria for articles• Author/year, Sample, Measures, Results, Notes• Start simple; add detail as specific use(s) becomes
clear• What is it you want to know about the literature?
Case Study: Literature Review
• Is there an association between depression and alcohol use during adolescence?– Mixed findings, no consensus– Limited understanding of timing,
sequence, severity, role of conduct problems
Case StudyResults of Standardized Review
Study# of depression time points
# of alcohol timepoints
CP included
Depression Measure
Capaldi et al. (1999) 3 1 Yes Symptoms
Hussong et al., 1998Chassin et al., 2002
1 3 NoNo
Symptoms
Kaplow et. al., 2001 1 3 No Symptoms
King et al., 2004 1 2 No Diagnosis
Measelle et al., 2006 4 4 No Diagnosis & Symptoms
White et al., 2001Pardini et al., 2007
11
62
NoYes
SymptomsSymptoms
Mason et al., 2008 1 1 Yes Symptoms
Fleming et al., 2008 4 4 No Symptoms
PROPOSED STUDY 7 7 Yes Diagnosis & Symptoms
Example 1: Studies on Depression as a Risk Factor for Alcohol Use
Authors/Date
Sample Size
Type of Sample
Location Age Span
% Boys Ethnic
Englund et al., 2008
178 High-risk Midwest 9-18 53% 67.6% White10.6% African American21.8% Other
Maggs et all, 2008
16,009 Community Great Britain
7-42 50.8% Not provided
Hooshmand et al., 2012
4412 School-Based
Ontario, Canada
14-17 51% Not provided
Example 2: Meta-Analysis of Treatment Studies for Youth Depression
Author/Year
Sample Type
Control Group
Other Outcomes
Effect Size
Notes
Clarke et al., 2001
Subclinical Usual care in an HMO
Externalizing 0.11 6.3% attrition
DeCuyper et al., 2004
Subclinical school sample
Waitlist Anxiety 0.40
Diamond et al., (2002)
Diagnosed, referred youth
Waitlist Anxiety Family Functioning
0.68
Use a Citation Management System
Why? Saves your library of citations, inserts markers in your writing, formats your bibliography for different journals
Which tools are used most frequently at UW?
Zotero, Mendeley, RefWorks, EndNote
http://guides.lib.washington.edu/content.php?pid=69943&sid=518591
Citation Management Systems
Refworks: free, great online “help”, web, transferable, no updates needed, tutorial and UW librarian support
Zotero: free, saves your library on your local computer but allows you to sync,
Mendeley: web-based app, with mobile capacity, newer
Endnote: many faculty use and like; costs; “updates” often pain
Endnote Web: free, limited to 10,000 citations, can import citations from a bookmark
Step 3: Method/Project Planning
Determine the approach that you will take to accomplish your objectives. This can take many forms:
Needs assessments
Focus groups
Key informant/stakeholder interviews
Statistical analysis of data
Writing a syllabus
Developing a curriculum
Developing a brochure/educational tools
Step 4: Flesh Out the Details
How will you approach people?
What questions will you ask them?
What measures will you use (established vs. new)?
How will you organize yourself?
How will you track your progress?
How will you summarize the results?
What will your project look like in the end?
How can your mentors best help you?