Leadership & TeamworkLeadership & Teamwork

QUALITIES OF A GOOD TEAMQUALITIES OF A GOOD TEAMShared VisionShared VisionRoles and Responsibilities well Roles and Responsibilities well

defineddefinedGood CommunicationGood CommunicationTrust, Confidentiality, and RespectTrust, Confidentiality, and RespectCommitmentCommitment

Patient/ Client

Physician

Registered Nurse

Medical Social Worker

Speech Therapist

Respiratory Therapist

Occupational Therapist

Clinical Care Associate

Physical Therapist Clergy

TeamworkTeamwork

The 5 “C’s” of TeamworkThe 5 “C’s” of TeamworkCollaborationCollaborationCooperationCooperationContributionContributionCommunicationCommunicationCommitmentCommitment

Understanding RolesUnderstanding Roles In order for a team to function properly, In order for a team to function properly,

every person on the team must every person on the team must understand the role of each team understand the role of each team member.member.

Opinions are shared, options are Opinions are shared, options are discussed, decisions are made, and goals discussed, decisions are made, and goals are established.are established.

Each team member must listen, be Each team member must listen, be honest, express his/her own opinion, and honest, express his/her own opinion, and be willing to try different solutions.be willing to try different solutions.

MEMBERS OF THE TEAMMEMBERS OF THE TEAMTeam memberTeam member

Have good interpersonal relationship skillsHave good interpersonal relationship skillsRespect differences (cultures, gender, Respect differences (cultures, gender,

age, education levels, beliefs, lifestyle age, education levels, beliefs, lifestyle preferences)preferences)

Known and use the Golden Rule – “treat Known and use the Golden Rule – “treat others as you would want to be treated”others as you would want to be treated”

Know legal responsibilitiesKnow legal responsibilitiesKnow how to deal with conflictKnow how to deal with conflict

LeadersLeaders

Leadership is the ability or skill to Leadership is the ability or skill to encourage people to work together and encourage people to work together and do their best to achieve common goals. do their best to achieve common goals.

A leader is an important part of any team.A leader is an important part of any team. A leader is an individual who leads or A leader is an individual who leads or

guides others, or who is in charge or in guides others, or who is in charge or in command of others.command of others.

A myth exists that leaders are born. In A myth exists that leaders are born. In fact, leaders develop by their own effortsfact, leaders develop by their own efforts..

LeadersLeadersCommon characteristics of leaders:Common characteristics of leaders: Respect rights, dignity, opinions, & abilities of othersRespect rights, dignity, opinions, & abilities of others Understands principles of democracyUnderstands principles of democracy Works with group & guides them towards a goalWorks with group & guides them towards a goal Understands own strengths & weaknessesUnderstands own strengths & weaknesses Displays self-confidence & willingness to take a standDisplays self-confidence & willingness to take a stand Communications effectivelyCommunications effectively Shows optimism, is open-minded, & can compromiseShows optimism, is open-minded, & can compromise Praises others & gives credit to othersPraises others & gives credit to others

Types of LeadershipTypes of LeadershipDemocratic LeaderDemocratic Leader

Encourages the participation of all Encourages the participation of all individuals in decisions that have to be individuals in decisions that have to be made or problems that have to be made or problems that have to be solved.solved.

Listens to the opinions of others and Listens to the opinions of others and then bases decisions on what is best then bases decisions on what is best for the group as a whole.for the group as a whole.

Allows the group to take responsibility Allows the group to take responsibility for the decision.for the decision.

Types of LeadershipTypes of LeadershipLaissez-faire LeaderLaissez-faire Leader

More of an informal type of leader.More of an informal type of leader.Believes in non-interference in the Believes in non-interference in the

affairs of others. (“Hands-off” policy)affairs of others. (“Hands-off” policy)Strive for only minimal rules or Strive for only minimal rules or

regulations and allows the individuals to regulations and allows the individuals to function in an independent manner with function in an independent manner with little or no direction.little or no direction.

Usually avoids making decisions until Usually avoids making decisions until forced by circumstances to do so.forced by circumstances to do so.

Types of LeadershipTypes of LeadershipAutocratic LeaderAutocratic Leader

““Dictator”.Dictator”.Maintains total rule, makes all of the Maintains total rule, makes all of the

decisions and has difficulty delegating decisions and has difficulty delegating or sharing duties.or sharing duties.

Seldom asks for the opinions of others, Seldom asks for the opinions of others, emphasizes discipline, and expects emphasizes discipline, and expects others to follow directions at all times.others to follow directions at all times.

Individuals might follow this type of Individuals might follow this type of leader because of a fear of punishment leader because of a fear of punishment or because of extreme loyalty.or because of extreme loyalty.

Types of LeadershipTypes of Leadership All types of leadership have advantages All types of leadership have advantages

and disadvantages.and disadvantages. The democratic leader is the most The democratic leader is the most

effective for group interactions.effective for group interactions. By allowing a group to share in deciding what, By allowing a group to share in deciding what,

when, and how something is to be done, when, and how something is to be done, members of the group will usually do what has members of the group will usually do what has to be done because they want to do it.to be done because they want to do it.

Interpersonal RelationshipsInterpersonal Relationships Good interpersonal relationships are also Good interpersonal relationships are also

essential.essential. Poor interpersonal relationships among Poor interpersonal relationships among

team members can harm the quality of team members can harm the quality of care and prevent the team from meeting care and prevent the team from meeting its goals. its goals.

Good interpersonal relationships can Good interpersonal relationships can improve the quality of care.improve the quality of care.

Ways to Develop Good Ways to Develop Good Interpersonal RelationshipsInterpersonal Relationships

Have a positive attitude & learn to laugh at Have a positive attitude & learn to laugh at yourself.yourself.

Assist others when you see that they need help.Assist others when you see that they need help. Listen carefully to others.Listen carefully to others. Respect opinions of others even if you don’t agree.Respect opinions of others even if you don’t agree. Be open-minded & willing to compromise.Be open-minded & willing to compromise. Avoid criticizing others.Avoid criticizing others. Learn good communication skills.Learn good communication skills. Support and encourage other team members.Support and encourage other team members. Perform your duties to the best of your ability – be Perform your duties to the best of your ability – be

dependable.dependable.

ConflictConflict Conflict among individuals with different Conflict among individuals with different

personalities is a problem that can occur personalities is a problem that can occur when a group of people is working as a when a group of people is working as a team.team.

When conflict occurs, it is essential for When conflict occurs, it is essential for each person to deal with the conflict in a each person to deal with the conflict in a positive way.positive way.

If a team is to meet its goals, conflict If a team is to meet its goals, conflict must be resolved.must be resolved.

ConflictConflict Conflict may encourage innovation and Conflict may encourage innovation and

creative problem-solving.creative problem-solving. Successful resolution of differences may Successful resolution of differences may

foster increased trust and understanding foster increased trust and understanding among team members.among team members.

Failure to deal effectively with conflict, Failure to deal effectively with conflict, however, may lead to low morale, however, may lead to low morale, withdrawal, condescension, anger, and withdrawal, condescension, anger, and burn-out.burn-out.

Resolving ConflictResolving Conflict1.1. Separate people from the problem – Separate people from the problem –

diffuse the emotional component of the diffuse the emotional component of the conflict.conflict.

2.2. Clarify the conflict & recognize the Clarify the conflict & recognize the problem.problem.

3.3. Involved parties need to agree to work Involved parties need to agree to work towards a solution.towards a solution.

4.4. Deal with one problem at a time, Deal with one problem at a time, beginning with the easier issues.beginning with the easier issues.

Resolving Conflict, cont.Resolving Conflict, cont.5.5. Brainstorm about possible solutions.Brainstorm about possible solutions.6.6. Focus on common interests, not Focus on common interests, not

positions.positions.7.7. Use objective criteria when possible.Use objective criteria when possible.8.8. Invent new solutions where both parties Invent new solutions where both parties

gain.gain.9.9. Implement the plan.Implement the plan.10.10. Evaluate and review the problem-Evaluate and review the problem-

solving process after implementation.solving process after implementation.

Outcomes of ConflictOutcomes of Conflict

AvoidanceAvoidance conflicting members avoid each other or conflicting members avoid each other or

conflicting issues are avoided in team conflicting issues are avoided in team discussions; leads to stagnation.discussions; leads to stagnation.

Capitulation/dominationCapitulation/domination leaves “winners and losers”; divisive for team.leaves “winners and losers”; divisive for team.

Outcomes of ConflictOutcomes of Conflict CompromiseCompromise

each party gives up something important.each party gives up something important. Collaborative problem-solvingCollaborative problem-solving

each party states clear, observable terms; each party states clear, observable terms; solutions are sought that maximize net gains solutions are sought that maximize net gains for all parties; members feel positively about a for all parties; members feel positively about a solution that is of greatest benefit to the team.solution that is of greatest benefit to the team.

TeamworkTeamworkTeamwork is successful whenTeamwork is successful when

Team members understand the Team members understand the philosophy, goals and purpose of the philosophy, goals and purpose of the team.team.

Team members understand their Team members understand their responsibilities.responsibilities.

All members of the team are involved in All members of the team are involved in the team process.the team process.