leadership programme asia pacific 2012 module 1 myers-briggs type indicator

Leadership Programme Asia Pacific 2012

Module 1

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Leadership Programme Asia Pacific 2012 | Module 1 | No. 2

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator©

was developed byKatharine C. Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers

It is based on Carl Jung’s

Psychological Types

Psychological Types

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator©


Personality types - history

• Sigmund Freud (1856 – 1939) developed the science of psychoanalysis – exploring the fluid and dynamic activity of the mind

• Former student of Freud, Carl Gustav Jung, built on Freud’s psychoanalytic science to make the first major attempt to define personality types

• Jung’s Psychological Types (1921) explored what he considered to be the two fundamental directions in which individual human consciousness could develop; the path outwards, and the path inwards. Jung believed that this was the most basic distinction between personalities

• Jung called these two paths ‘extravert’ and ‘introvert’• Jung did not believe that people are solely one thing or the other; rather

that there was a tendency for one path to predominate – a ‘preference’


Personality types - history

• Jung believed that these two preferences or inclinations were augmented by what he called the ‘functions’ of thinking, feeling, sensation, and intuition, operating at different strengths

• Jung’s theories on personality types were extrapolated by Katharine C. Briggs (1875 – 1968) and her daughter, Isobel Briggs Meyers (1897 – 1980) leading to the development of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator instrument (MBTI) a psychometric questionnaire designed to measure psychological preferences in how people perceive the world and make decisions

• The MBTI instrument is called ‘the best-known and most trusted personality assessment tool available today’ by its publisher, CPP

• CPP further calls the MBTI tool ‘the world’s most widely used personality assessment,’ with as many as 2 million assessments administered annually


Purpose

MBTI will help you to:

• Learn about yourself, understanding where you fit in a framework that describes personality differences in positive and constructive ways

• Appreciate important differences between people, and understand how different types can work together in a complementary way


Applications

MBTI will help you to apply this knowledge to:

•Welcome and value difference in people•Enhance working relationships and teamwork•Develop your leadership style•Influence others more effectively through improved communication•Implement more effective problem-solving and decision-making strategies•Handle disagreement and conflict more appropriately•Help lead and manage change


Basic assumptions of type theory

• The MBTI questionnaire assesses preferences• Preferences are not absolutes – everyone uses all eight• It’s not about knowledge, skills, abilities, aptitudes or intelligence –

MBTI preferences do not tell you what you can and can’t do• There are no right and wrong preferences – there are no better or

worse types; all types have strengths; all types have potential• People are the best judges of their own type – hence the MBTI

questionnaire is an indicator, not a test


MBTI concept

What it is…• Identifies some of your preferences or tendencies:

• Where we draw our energy from• How we take in information• How we make decisions• How we deal with the world around us


Myers-Briggs Type Indicator©

•What are we measuring?


The four dimensions of type



Extraversion XandX Introversion

Where you prefer to get and focus your ‘energy’ or attention


People who prefer:

Extraversion• Get energy from the

outer environment ofpeople and experiences

• Focus energy and attention outwards in action

• Introversion• Get energy from the

inner environment of reflections and thoughts

• Focus energy andattention inwards in reflection


Extraversion vs

Do-think-do vsAction vs

Talk things through vsSpoken communication vs

Expressive vsShare thoughts freely vs

Interaction vsBreadth of interest vs

Enjoy working in groups vsPut themselves in the foreground vs

IntroversionThink-do-thinkReflectionThink things throughWritten communicationContainedGuard their thoughtsConcentrationDepth of interestEnjoy working alonePrefer to be in the background

Characteristics



Sensing XandX iNtuition

What kind of information you prefer to gather and trust


Sensing• Prefer information coming

from the five senses

• Focus on what is real

• Value practical applications

iNtuition• Prefer information coming

from association

• Focus on what might be

• Value imagination and insight

People who prefer:


Sensing vs

Facts and details vsTried and tested vs

Specifics vs See problems as needing specific vs solutions based on past experiences

Here and now vsPredictability vs

Practical vsTo know ‘what is’ vs

Value reality vs

iNtuitionIdeas and conceptsNew and untriedBig pictureSee problems as opportunitiesto innovate based on inspirationAnticipating the futureChangeTheoreticalTo know ‘what could be’Value imagination

Characteristics



Thinking XandX Feeling

What process you prefer to use in coming to decisions


Thinking• Prefer to make decisions on

the basis of logic and objectivity

• Quick to see errors and give a critique

• Step out of situations in order to analyse dispassionately

• Feeling• Prefer to make decisions

on the basis of valuesand personal convictions

• Quick to show appreciation and find common ground

• Step into situations to weigh human values andmotives

People who prefer:


Thinking vs

Logical analysis vsQuestion first vs

Focus on tasks vsKnow when logic is required vs

Objective vs Remain detached when making vs

decisions weighing pros and consSearch for flaws in argument vs

Fair vs

FeelingUnderstanding others’ viewsAccept firstFocus on peopleKnow when support is requiredPersonalRemain personally involved when

making decisions, weighing values

Search for points of agreementCompassionate

Characteristics



Judging XandX Perceiving

How you prefer to deal with the world around you, your ‘lifestyle’


Judging

• Prefer to live life in a planned and organised manner

• Enjoy coming to closure and being decisive

• Avoid stressful last-minute rushes

Perceiving

• Prefer to live life in a spontaneous and adaptable manner

• Enjoy keeping options open and being curious

• Feel energised by last-minute pressures

People who prefer:


Judging vsStructured, organised vs

Prefer certainty vsControlled vs

Draw conclusions vsCommit to plans and decisions vs

See routines as effective vsFinish tasks before deadline vs

Prefer to trust the plan vs

PerceivingFlexible, openEnjoy surprisesUnconstrainedStay tentativeReserve right to change plans or

decisionsSee routines as limitingFinish tasks at deadlinePrefer to trust the process

Characteristics


The 16 types

ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ

ISTP ISFP INFP INTP

ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP

ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ


How it all fits together

• The essence of type involves:• How information is gathered (Sensing and iNtuition) and• How decisions are made (Thinking and Feeling)

• Each type has favourite ways of doing these two things• The middle two letters of an individual’s four-letter type (S or N, and

T or F) represent their preferred processes• Their opposites – the two letters that don’t appear in your four-letter

type – are your third and fourth preferences


Priorities of function


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leadership programme asia pacific 2012 module 1 myers-briggs type indicator

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