Le territoire, regards géographiques

The territory,a geographical look

François MoulléMaître de conférences

LecturerLaboratoire DYRT - EA 2468 / meshDYRT laboratory - EA 2468 / mesh

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1. Geographers and territory• The territory is a mesh of space management, areal and lattice; it is the capillary which binds and suppresses the contradiction,

• Territories are individual and collective,

• Particularly significant associations :

Identity and alterity

Solidarity and spacing

Security and reproduction

• A multitude of appropriations, individual, collective, communal, organizational, institutional,

• Specific relations of mutual belonging between:

the inhabitant and the lived-in space

maintien de lacohŽsion du groupe

organisation sociale

maintien duterritoire : patrimoine

du groupe social

matŽrialitŽ du territoire

identitŽ

Figure 1: The territory, identity and heritage

Source : F. Moullé adapted from M. Le Berre, p. 635

2. The geographic entity, at the heart of the space

• The great Kantian distinction between Earth and the world,

• The three levels of understanding of Jürgen Habermas:– an objective world, the one which is quantifiable and concrete,– the social world/social space– the subjective world (the psychological and intellectual values)/the lived-in space

• The geographicity of the individual.

langue

sentiments du "coeur"

sentiments d'appartenances

sens de la vie

les modes de pensŽes

approche de la santŽ

sens du toucher

sens de l'odorat

sens du gožt

sens de la vue

sens de l'ou•e

TERRI T OIRE

EDUC A TION

Figure 2: The role of senses in the construction of the territory

Production: F. Moullé

Figure 3: The human being, between individual and common good.

The issue of Here and Elsewhere

Source : A. Moles (1998, p. 107)

• The dialectic which opposes what is personally appropriate to what coresponds to the common good, to a collective appropriation,

• The question of "oneself" in relation with the group, which finds expression in misprints,

• The difficulty: set neatly the boundary between public space and private space.

the territory does not exist only through its function or through the fact that it is possessed,

but through the people who live in it.

"Lose one's territory means disappear!!"

3. In search of the territory• If the territory escapes neither the order of a government, nor the order of nature, it is primarily a social construction,

• It is the relation to the other which is constitutive of ownership. Without the other, the ego opposes the Infinite, that is to say nothing,

I - Here the Other - Elsewhere

The territory

– Territorialisation,

– deterritorialisation,

– reterritorialisation,

such as, for example, the current process of reappropriation of elements of history for

a heritage development.

The territory is alive as it is the result of individual and collective experiences.

The individual and the territory

Education

collective values Individual development

The group and the territory

• The territory is the structuring element of a group,

• They update the territorial value in a contemporary world where mobility and the relationship with time might suggest the abolition of the territory.

In many cases, the Nation-State as well as supra-national structures are beyond the scope of the experience of the individual as well as

that of the group.This does not mean that there is no representation (L. Sfez), but it is

built up by way of mediators largely influenced by ideologies.

Territory and power, a structuring couple

• The group is structured by rules, by law,

• The territory cannot be considered without a government, even if it is only one factor among others,

• The government has the task of projecting the common ideas into a territorial collective future,

• The collective memory and the constitution of a heritage correspond to choices of meaningful elements that give a meaning to a collective project.

Interlocking and juxtaposition of territories in the contemporary world-system

• Situation of extreme complexity:– the superposition of a former order related to the

static of the historically recent Nation-States– the dynamics of trade and mobility which allow the

multiplication of lived-in spaces and appropriations,

• Each individual has a lot of experience in different places.

• Listen

• Read phonetically

• territories fit together like Russian dolls,

• a local belonging is a priori more pregnant than a national or supra-national one. The bigger the scale, the more the Elsewhere asserts itself,

• This interlocking does not count out gateways at fine scales related to lived experiences.

Hierarchization and juxtaposition of territories are made complex by the gradients between the reality represented and its more or less

idealized and ideological representations.

Le territoire, regards géographiques

François Moullé

Maître de conférences

Laboratoire DYRT - EA 2468 / meshs

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