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References Le cycle ´ economique du p´ etrole Ian Schindler https://www.math.univ-toulouse.fr/ ˜ schindle/ IMT TSE ASPO France BY: C creative commons license share alike 1 / 30

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Page 1: Le cycle ´economique du p´etroleschindle/talks/2019-3_cours.pdf · Toensmeier, E. (2016). The Carbon Farming Solution A Global Toolkit of Perennial Crops and Regenerative Agriculture

References

Le cycle economique du petrole

Ian Schindlerhttps://www.math.univ-toulouse.fr/˜schindle/

IMTTSE

ASPO France

BY:© C©creative commons license share alike

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Page 2: Le cycle ´economique du p´etroleschindle/talks/2019-3_cours.pdf · Toensmeier, E. (2016). The Carbon Farming Solution A Global Toolkit of Perennial Crops and Regenerative Agriculture

References

La science

Francis Bacon (Newton)

Richard FeynmanGraeber (2014).Ansatz : production d’exergie (agriculture incluse) = moteur de laproduction economique.

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Page 3: Le cycle ´economique du p´etroleschindle/talks/2019-3_cours.pdf · Toensmeier, E. (2016). The Carbon Farming Solution A Global Toolkit of Perennial Crops and Regenerative Agriculture

References

La science

Francis Bacon (Newton)

Richard Feynman

Graeber (2014).Ansatz : production d’exergie (agriculture incluse) = moteur de laproduction economique.

2 / 30

Page 4: Le cycle ´economique du p´etroleschindle/talks/2019-3_cours.pdf · Toensmeier, E. (2016). The Carbon Farming Solution A Global Toolkit of Perennial Crops and Regenerative Agriculture

References

La science

Francis Bacon (Newton)

Richard FeynmanGraeber (2014).

Ansatz : production d’exergie (agriculture incluse) = moteur de laproduction economique.

2 / 30

Page 5: Le cycle ´economique du p´etroleschindle/talks/2019-3_cours.pdf · Toensmeier, E. (2016). The Carbon Farming Solution A Global Toolkit of Perennial Crops and Regenerative Agriculture

References

La science

Francis Bacon (Newton)

Richard FeynmanGraeber (2014).Ansatz : production d’exergie (agriculture incluse) = moteur de laproduction economique.

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Page 6: Le cycle ´economique du p´etroleschindle/talks/2019-3_cours.pdf · Toensmeier, E. (2016). The Carbon Farming Solution A Global Toolkit of Perennial Crops and Regenerative Agriculture

References

Energie le moteur de la production economique

18ieme siecle : Richard Cantillon, Francois Quesnay.20ieme siecle :

1 Le club de Rome : Meadows (1974).2 Permaculture : Mollison and Holmgren (1978).

21ieme siecle : Biophysical Economics and Resource Quality.

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Page 7: Le cycle ´economique du p´etroleschindle/talks/2019-3_cours.pdf · Toensmeier, E. (2016). The Carbon Farming Solution A Global Toolkit of Perennial Crops and Regenerative Agriculture

References

Cycles seculaires (via Gail Tverberg)

Turchin and Nefedov (2009)

Fraser and Rimas (2011) Bardi (2017)

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Page 8: Le cycle ´economique du p´etroleschindle/talks/2019-3_cours.pdf · Toensmeier, E. (2016). The Carbon Farming Solution A Global Toolkit of Perennial Crops and Regenerative Agriculture

References

Cycles seculaires (via Gail Tverberg)

Turchin and Nefedov (2009)

Fraser and Rimas (2011) Bardi (2017)

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Page 9: Le cycle ´economique du p´etroleschindle/talks/2019-3_cours.pdf · Toensmeier, E. (2016). The Carbon Farming Solution A Global Toolkit of Perennial Crops and Regenerative Agriculture

References

Cost share

Illig and Schindler (2017); Garcia et al. (tted)p = prix, q = quantite et Y def= PIB.

YEdef= cout energie

YE{def= Y − YE

Y = YE + YE{

CEdef= YE

Y = YEYE + YE{

= pqY (0.1)

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Page 10: Le cycle ´economique du p´etroleschindle/talks/2019-3_cours.pdf · Toensmeier, E. (2016). The Carbon Farming Solution A Global Toolkit of Perennial Crops and Regenerative Agriculture

References

Conclusions

(0.1) =⇒

∂Y∂qY =

∂p∂qp −

∂CE∂qC + 1

q (0.2)

IY (t1, t2) = Ip(t1, t2)Iq(t1, t2)/ICE (t1, t2) (0.3)

ou Ix (t1, t2) def= x(t2)/x(t1).Croissance : ∂CE

∂q < 0.

Stagflation : ∂CE∂q ≥ 0 =⇒ ∂p

∂q ≥ 0 !Pouvoir determine par la taille de CS Graeber (2018).

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Page 11: Le cycle ´economique du p´etroleschindle/talks/2019-3_cours.pdf · Toensmeier, E. (2016). The Carbon Farming Solution A Global Toolkit of Perennial Crops and Regenerative Agriculture

References

Carey King

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Page 12: Le cycle ´economique du p´etroleschindle/talks/2019-3_cours.pdf · Toensmeier, E. (2016). The Carbon Farming Solution A Global Toolkit of Perennial Crops and Regenerative Agriculture

References

Finance

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Page 13: Le cycle ´economique du p´etroleschindle/talks/2019-3_cours.pdf · Toensmeier, E. (2016). The Carbon Farming Solution A Global Toolkit of Perennial Crops and Regenerative Agriculture

References

Previsions pic petrole

1 Fitch : LTO production ↗, donc prix bas pour les prochainesannees.

2 Energy Information Administration : pic apres 2050.3 Agence Internationale de l’Energie : pic en 2040 si

investissements sont la, si non, problemes vers 2020.4 ASPO : pic hors LTO 2015 (Aleklett et Campbell) 2016

(Laherrere).5 Coyne et Pukite : pic ∈ [2023, 2027] .6 Problemes vers 2020-2022 :

1 AIE2 HSBC3 Haliburton4 Citibank

7 Kaplan, Patterson : 2018.9 / 30

Page 14: Le cycle ´economique du p´etroleschindle/talks/2019-3_cours.pdf · Toensmeier, E. (2016). The Carbon Farming Solution A Global Toolkit of Perennial Crops and Regenerative Agriculture

References

Extraction Mondiale 1994 a 2018 (Matt Mushalnik)

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Page 15: Le cycle ´economique du p´etroleschindle/talks/2019-3_cours.pdf · Toensmeier, E. (2016). The Carbon Farming Solution A Global Toolkit of Perennial Crops and Regenerative Agriculture

References

Pics passes

• Charbon France et Angleterre : 1913.• Petrole ≤$10 : 1973.• Union Sovietique : 1989.• Petrole ≤$20 : 2005.

Previsions :• Models : interpolation.• Calculs Bottom up.

Ressources ou reserves ?

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Page 16: Le cycle ´economique du p´etroleschindle/talks/2019-3_cours.pdf · Toensmeier, E. (2016). The Carbon Farming Solution A Global Toolkit of Perennial Crops and Regenerative Agriculture

References

Modele du prix

p = exp(aτ + bQ + cDQ) ou τ = taux et DQ def= Q(t)−Q(t − 1).

Pric

e in

US

$ p

er b

arre

l

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

2040

6080

100

120

Fitted model : Simple regression (1966 − 2017)

PricesFitted prices

R2 = 0.9858

Q = 0.05

DQ = −0.07

Τ = 1.17

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Page 17: Le cycle ´economique du p´etroleschindle/talks/2019-3_cours.pdf · Toensmeier, E. (2016). The Carbon Farming Solution A Global Toolkit of Perennial Crops and Regenerative Agriculture

References

Split 1

Time

Pric

e in

US

$ p

er b

arre

l

1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980

2040

6080

100 Price

Fitted price (simple)Fitted price (generalized)

Period 1966 − 1980

R2 = 0.9889

Q = 0.06

DQ = −0.1

Τ = 0.39

Time

Pric

e in

US

$ p

er b

arre

l

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

2040

6080

100

PriceFitted price (simple)Fitted price (generalized)

Period 1980 − 2000

R2 = 0.9903

Q = 0.04

DQ = −0.06

Τ = 1.94

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Page 18: Le cycle ´economique du p´etroleschindle/talks/2019-3_cours.pdf · Toensmeier, E. (2016). The Carbon Farming Solution A Global Toolkit of Perennial Crops and Regenerative Agriculture

References

Split 2

Time

Pric

e in

US

$ p

er b

arre

l

2000 2005 2010 2015

4060

8010

012

0

PriceFitted price (simple)Fitted price (generalized)

Period 2000 − 2017

R2 = 0.9909

Q = 0.05

DQ = −0.04

Τ = −0.04

(H9) p(τ)↘

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Page 19: Le cycle ´economique du p´etroleschindle/talks/2019-3_cours.pdf · Toensmeier, E. (2016). The Carbon Farming Solution A Global Toolkit of Perennial Crops and Regenerative Agriculture

References

Taux

Time

Ann

ual r

ate

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

Annual federal funds rate (1965 − 2017)

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Page 20: Le cycle ´economique du p´etroleschindle/talks/2019-3_cours.pdf · Toensmeier, E. (2016). The Carbon Farming Solution A Global Toolkit of Perennial Crops and Regenerative Agriculture

References

Symptomes economiques de la stagflation

CE ↗ =⇒ CE{ ↘.

1 Baisse des salaires =⇒ la difference entre l’elite et la classeproductive ↗.

2 Divisions politiques : autocratie ↗.3 Competition entre elites.

Exemple : 1930–45 Tverberg (2017).

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Page 21: Le cycle ´economique du p´etroleschindle/talks/2019-3_cours.pdf · Toensmeier, E. (2016). The Carbon Farming Solution A Global Toolkit of Perennial Crops and Regenerative Agriculture

References

Symptomes economiques de la stagflation

CE ↗ =⇒ CE{ ↘.1 Baisse des salaires =⇒ la difference entre l’elite et la classe

productive ↗.2 Divisions politiques : autocratie ↗.3 Competition entre elites.

Exemple : 1930–45 Tverberg (2017).

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Page 22: Le cycle ´economique du p´etroleschindle/talks/2019-3_cours.pdf · Toensmeier, E. (2016). The Carbon Farming Solution A Global Toolkit of Perennial Crops and Regenerative Agriculture

References

Theorie

Economie financiere vs economie reelle.1 La creation monetaire stimule l’economie financiere (Keynes,

Keen, Dalio).2 Quand l’economie financiere n’est pas � synchronisee � avec

l’economie reelle deux possibilites :1 Inflation.2 Contraction economique.

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References

Inflation ?

Les banques centrales detiennent $ 22× 1012 actifs financiers,environ 10% du total Prins (2018) =⇒ inflation des valeurs desactifs financiers.

ConjectureLe probleme dual est deflationiste.

DefinitionLa Permaculture est une culture a base de la science des systemesapplique au probleme dual.

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Page 24: Le cycle ´economique du p´etroleschindle/talks/2019-3_cours.pdf · Toensmeier, E. (2016). The Carbon Farming Solution A Global Toolkit of Perennial Crops and Regenerative Agriculture

References

Inflation ?

Les banques centrales detiennent $ 22× 1012 actifs financiers,environ 10% du total Prins (2018) =⇒ inflation des valeurs desactifs financiers.

ConjectureLe probleme dual est deflationiste.

DefinitionLa Permaculture est une culture a base de la science des systemesapplique au probleme dual.

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Page 25: Le cycle ´economique du p´etroleschindle/talks/2019-3_cours.pdf · Toensmeier, E. (2016). The Carbon Farming Solution A Global Toolkit of Perennial Crops and Regenerative Agriculture

References

Exemple (Depienne)

Paradox de Jevons Illig and Schindler (2017).

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Page 26: Le cycle ´economique du p´etroleschindle/talks/2019-3_cours.pdf · Toensmeier, E. (2016). The Carbon Farming Solution A Global Toolkit of Perennial Crops and Regenerative Agriculture

References

Les Phases

• L’expansion : petroliers transforment le petrole en monnaie=⇒ CE{ ↗.

• La stagflation : investissement dans le probleme dual rapporteplus que l’expansion.

• La contraction : petroliers transforment la monnaie en petrole=⇒ CE{ ↘.

• Moins de benefices.• Contraction economique chronique.• Hyperinflation.

Toute activite miniere se termine ou bien par la faillite, ou bien parl’hyperinflation et la demission des ouvriers. (60 000 minesabandonnees en Australie).

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Page 27: Le cycle ´economique du p´etroleschindle/talks/2019-3_cours.pdf · Toensmeier, E. (2016). The Carbon Farming Solution A Global Toolkit of Perennial Crops and Regenerative Agriculture

References

Monnaie en petroleStress =⇒ court terme Mullainathan and Shafir (2013)

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Page 28: Le cycle ´economique du p´etroleschindle/talks/2019-3_cours.pdf · Toensmeier, E. (2016). The Carbon Farming Solution A Global Toolkit of Perennial Crops and Regenerative Agriculture

References

Monnaie en petroleStress =⇒ court terme Mullainathan and Shafir (2013)

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Page 29: Le cycle ´economique du p´etroleschindle/talks/2019-3_cours.pdf · Toensmeier, E. (2016). The Carbon Farming Solution A Global Toolkit of Perennial Crops and Regenerative Agriculture

References

Fracking U.S. 2011-2018 (https://shaleprofile.com/)

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Page 30: Le cycle ´economique du p´etroleschindle/talks/2019-3_cours.pdf · Toensmeier, E. (2016). The Carbon Farming Solution A Global Toolkit of Perennial Crops and Regenerative Agriculture

References

Signes de fin de la stagflation

1 Competition entre elites• La competition pour investissements.• Des guerres diplomatiques.• La guerre civile.

2 Le vol.3 La corruption.

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Page 31: Le cycle ´economique du p´etroleschindle/talks/2019-3_cours.pdf · Toensmeier, E. (2016). The Carbon Farming Solution A Global Toolkit of Perennial Crops and Regenerative Agriculture

References

Consequences du manque d’entretien :

Libye ?Nigeria ?Mexique ?Algerie ?Colombie ?Angola ?Oman ?Iran ?

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References

Consequences de la speculation

Sables bitumineux Canada.25 / 30

Page 33: Le cycle ´economique du p´etroleschindle/talks/2019-3_cours.pdf · Toensmeier, E. (2016). The Carbon Farming Solution A Global Toolkit of Perennial Crops and Regenerative Agriculture

References

Le Jardin des Fraternites Ouvrieres

1800 m2, 5 000 varietes de legumes, de cereales, plantesaromatiques et medicinales, plus de 2000 arbres fruitiers, . . . .Ecoagriculture ( bio.

La Coree du Nord, le Venezuela. Cuba.

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Page 34: Le cycle ´economique du p´etroleschindle/talks/2019-3_cours.pdf · Toensmeier, E. (2016). The Carbon Farming Solution A Global Toolkit of Perennial Crops and Regenerative Agriculture

References

Le Jardin des Fraternites Ouvrieres

1800 m2, 5 000 varietes de legumes, de cereales, plantesaromatiques et medicinales, plus de 2000 arbres fruitiers, . . . .Ecoagriculture ( bio. La Coree du Nord, le Venezuela. Cuba.

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Page 35: Le cycle ´economique du p´etroleschindle/talks/2019-3_cours.pdf · Toensmeier, E. (2016). The Carbon Farming Solution A Global Toolkit of Perennial Crops and Regenerative Agriculture

References

Sequestration

http://carbonfarmingsolution.com/carbon-sequestration-rates-and-stocks.Toensmeier (2016).

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References

Le compost

• Joseph Orszagh http://eautarcie.org/• Joseph Jenkins https://humanurehandbook.com/

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References

Monnaie Dette (par Galuel)

Graeber (2014)

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References

La G1 (par Brad Pi) https://duniter.org/fr/

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References

Bardi, U. (2017). The Seneca Effect Why Growth is Slow ButCollapse is Rapid. Springer.

Fraser, E. and A. Rimas (2011). Empires of Food: Feast, Famine,and the Rise and Fall of Civilizations. Free Press.

Garcia, L. E., A. Illig, and I. Schindler (submitted). Oil cycledynamics and future price scenarios. working paper .

Graeber, D. (2014). Debt The First 5000 Years Second Edition.Melville House.

Graeber, D. (2018). Bullshit Jobs, a Theory. Simon & Schuster.Illig, A. and I. Schindler (2017). Oil extraction, economic growth,

and oil price dynamics. BioPhysical Economics and ResourceQuality 2(1), 1.

Meadows, D. (1974). The Limits to Growth. Universe Books.Mollison, B. and D. Holmgren (1978). Permaculture One. Corgi.Mullainathan, S. and E. Shafir (2013). Scarcity: Why Having Too

Little Means So Much. Penguin UK.30 / 30

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References

Prins, N. (2018). Collusion How Central Bankers Rigged theWorld. Nation Books.

Toensmeier, E. (2016). The Carbon Farming Solution A GlobalToolkit of Perennial Crops and Regenerative AgriculturePractices for Climate Change Mitigation and Food Security.Chelsea Green Publishing.

Turchin, P. and S. Nefedov (2009). Secular Cycles. PrincetonUniversity Press.

Tverberg, G. (2017). The depression of the 1930’s was an energycrisis. blog. https://ourfiniteworld.com/2017/12/19/the-depression-of-the-1930s-was-an-energy-crisis.

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