ldg: lateral design graph - tutorial ldg: lateral design graph copyright prof schierle 2011 1 ldg is...
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![Page 1: LDG: Lateral Design Graph - tutorial LDG: Lateral Design Graph Copyright Prof Schierle 2011 1 LDG is an Excel program to design and visualize design for](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103023/56649dac5503460f94a9ad67/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
LDG: Lateral Design Graph - tutorial
LDG: Lateral Design Graph Copyright Prof Schierle 2011 1
LDG is an Excel program to design and visualize design for lateral wind and seismic forces
LDG requires some knowledge of lateral force design
LDG requires a PC with MS Excel macros Enabled
Press > for next step, < for previous step
Press Esc to end
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LDG: Lateral Design Graph - Tutorial Copyright Prof Schierle 2011 2
LDG: Lateral Design Graph - tutorial
Lx LxLx Lx Lx
LDG computes floor area A = (Lx Ly) assuming rectangular plans.
to get correct seismic values, prorate dead load to represent the actual floor area.
For example, if the floor area of a plan is 30% smaller, reduce the dead load 30%
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LDG: Lateral Design Graph - tutorial
LDG: Lateral Design Graph Copyright Prof Schierle 2011 3
Enter design factors prior to running LDG
Seismic data brown
Wind data green
Copy columns TU into AB as default if neededData position is critical for LDG to run properly
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LDG: Lateral Design Graph - tutorial
LDG: Lateral Design Graph Copyright Prof Schierle 2011 4
Press Ctrl-Shift-R to start LDG (Excel macro)Select input type: 0, 1, 2, or 3
0 = as is, run current structure displayed or as modified 1 = uniform: floors, story height, and mass2 = tapered: changing from base to top3 = custom: unique floors or stacks of floors
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LDG: Lateral Design Graph - tutorial
LDG: Lateral Design Graph Copyright Prof Schierle 2011 5
Lateral loads - acting primarily horizontally are:Wind loadSeismic loadEarth pressure on retaining walls (not in LDG)
IBC Table 1604.5. Importance factors Category Seismic
Use GroupNature of Occupancy Seismic
Importance Factors
SnowImportanceFactors
Wind Importance Factors
I I Low hazard structures:Agriculture, temporary, minor storage
1 0.8 0.87
II I Structures not in categories I, III, IV 1 1 1III II Facilities such as:
Occupancy > 300 people per area Elementary schools > 250 students Colleges > 500 studentsOccupancy > 5000
1.25 1.1 1.15
IV III Essential facilities, such as:Hospitals, polices and fire stations
1.5 1.2 1.15
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LDG: Lateral Design Graph - tutorial
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Fa factors, IBC Table 1615.1.2 [1] (low-rise) Sds = (2/3)(Fa SS) [Ss = top line]
Fv factors, IBC Table 1615.1.2 [2] (high-rise) Sd1 = (2/3)(Fv S1) [S1 = top line]
Importance factors
Press Ctrl-Shift-R to run LDG
US wind velocity map
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LDG: Lateral Design Graph - tutorial
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Seismic DesignV = Cs W = seismic base shear (lateral force @ building base)
W = mass = (DL + 25% storage LL)CS = I Sds / R [seismic equation for T<TS]CS = I Sd1/(RT) [for T>TS<TL]CS = I Sd1 TL / (RT2) [for T>TL]
I= Importance Factor [see slide 1]Sds = (2/3)(Fa SS) [see Fa table - low-rise]Sd1 = (2/3)(Fv S1) [see Fv table - high-rise)TS = Sd1/Sds [see Spectrum @ left]T ~ 0.1(# stories) [building period = cycles/second]SS & S1 [see USGS Table] R = R-factor [see IBC Table 1617.6.2]TL = Time Laps [range 4 -12, ASCE7 Fig 22-15]
Note: CS ~ 0.03 for high-rise moment framesCS ~ 0.15 for wood structuresCS ~ 0.30 for masonry structuresW = w A [A = floor area]w ~ 25 psf for wood structures w ~ 70 psf for steel structuresw ~ 150 psf for concrete structures
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LDG: Lateral Design Graph - tutorial
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USC: SS = 1.85 (low-rise), S1 = 0.64 (high-rise)
USGS seismic factors
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LDG: Lateral Design Graph - tutorial
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LDG: Lateral Design Graph - tutorial
LDG: Lateral Design Graph Copyright Prof Schierle 2011 10
Wind DesignV = p A = wind base shear (lateral force @ building base) p = wind pressure (in psf = pounds / square foot) A = exposed tributary areap = wind pressure (psf)p = 0.00256 V2 I Cp G Kd Kz Kzt
V = velocity (mph) I = Importance Factor (see slide 1) Cp = external pressure coefficient
Cp = 0.8 windwardCp = 0.2 to 0.5 leeward
G = Gust factorG = 0.85 for rigid structuresG = 1.3 - 1.5 for fabric structures
Kd = 0.85 for buildings [directionality factor] Kz = 2.01 (Z/Zg)2/
Z = height above groundExposure Zg B Inner city 1200 7.0C Open area 900 9.5D Near ocean or lake 700 11.5
Kzt = Velocity Factor = 1 for flat sites
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LDG: Lateral Design Graph - tutorial
LDG: Lateral Design Graph Copyright Prof Schierle 2011 11
Wind pressure (IBC/ASCE 7 Method 2, Analytical Procedure)p = qGCp–qi(GCpi) [minimum p = 10 psf (480 Pa)]q velocity pressure (defined below)qz for windward wall (evaluated at height z above ground)qh for leeward wall (constant, per mean roof height h)G gust factor (Rigid G=0.85, fabric structure G=> 1.2)GCpi Internal pressure (± 0.18 for enclosed structures)Cp pressure coefficient (from ASCE 7 figures and tables)Cp = 0.8 (windward walls)Cp = - 0.2 to - 0.5 (leeward walls)Cp = - 0.3 to + 0.4 (for roofs)q= 0.00256 I KzKztKdV2 (q = velocity pressure in psf)V = wind speed, mph (IBC Fig. 1609, or local speed) I = Importance factor (IBC table 1604.5)I = 1 (all structures not listed below)I = 1.15 (hospitals, police and fire stations, etc)I = 0.87 (agricultural and temporary facilities)KZt Topography factor (KZt = 1 for regular sites)Kd Directionality factor (Kd = 0.85 for most structures)KZ Exposure factor (graph at left, min. 0.7 for gladding)B = Exposure B (inner city, protected)C = Exposure C (open area, unprotected)D = Exposure D (near ocean or large lakes)
Graph see Structure and Design page 577
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LDG: Lateral Design Graph - tutorial
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Optional select and copy (Ctrl C)data to make graphs at another sheetor make graphs on this Excel sheet
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LDG: Lateral Design Graph - tutorial
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Paste selected data into another Excel sheet
Select a chart type
Select data
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LDG: Lateral Design Graph - tutorial
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Fwx &Vwx (k) Fwy &Vwy (k)
Fs &Vs (k)
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Select R
Select Ss &S1Select TL
Select wind speed, etc.
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14-story seismic force Fs & shear Vs
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14-story wind overturn moment
Read chapter 9