lcm-mba seminar technology environment
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TECHNOLOGICAL
ENVIRONMENTTechnological
TransferTechnological
ForecastingForeign Collaboration
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Technology Transferpersonnel evaluate and
manage inventionportfolios, oversee patent
prosecution, negotiatelicensing agreements andperiodically review
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Processing and evaluating inventiondisclosures
Filing for patents
Technology marketing; Licensing; protecting intellectualproperty arising from research activity;
Assisting in creating new businessesand promoting the success of existingfirms.
The result of these activities will be new
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Systematic application ofscientific or other organizedknowledge to practical tasks.
The important feature oftechnology is its change and
then more change.Technological impacts are widespread, reaching far beyond the
immediate point of technological
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1. Increased Productivity2. need to spend on R&D
3. Jobs tend to become More intellectual4. Increased Regulation and StiffOpposition5. Demand for Capital6. Business Boundaries Redefined7. Social Change8. System Complexity9. High Expectations of Consumers
10. Resistance to Change
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Neo-Classical TheoryThe basic tool for the study
of technological change isthe notion of a productionfunction which specifies aquantitative relation betweeninputs and outputs. The most
common inputs are capital
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K
arl Marx perceived technology as notself generating, but as a processdirected by willful, conscious, activepeople and molded by historicalforces. He held that technologicalchange - the development of theproductive forces - was the primemover of history. The individualentrepreneur invests and innovatesbecause it is rational for profit
maximization or necessary for
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This theory views innovation as theengine of economic developmentand as a disequilibrium
phenomenon. Innovation is definedas the carrying out of newcombinations of means of
production, which include a widevariety of cases such as: theintroduction of a new good or of a
new quality of a good, or of a new
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This suggests a biological analogy to
explain technological change. TheDarwinian two-state process ofmutation (invention) and selection
(innovation) has been employed tounderstand the evolution oftechnology. Biological evolution
appears to have a certaincorrespondence with theinterpretation of technological
changes in industrial sectors - from a
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Markets govern the innovationprocess. The market constitutes acommunication channel throughwhich political, economic, socialand ecological forces influencebuyers in their demand for
technological products. Continuouschanges in these forces have animpact on the response provided by
technology with respect to the type,
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Economic IndicesArithmetic indices are derived based
on price variations in capital and laborin relation to the industrial output.Technological change is measured as
the weighted average of the change infactor prices, holding inputs constant.Solow derived a geometric indexbased on the premise thattechnolo ical chan e is e ual to the