lbne project status and potential collaborations
DESCRIPTION
LBNE Project Status and potential collaborations. Jim Strait, Fermilab LBNE Project Director. CERN - Fermilab Meeting 11 February 2014. Importance of LBNE Science. The science of LBNE has been widely recognized to be a top priority. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
1
The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment Project
LBNE ProjectStatus and potential collaborations
Jim Strait, FermilabLBNE Project Director
CERN - Fermilab Meeting11 February 2014
CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014 2
CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014 3
CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014 4
Importance of LBNE Science
The science of LBNE has been widely recognized to be a top priority.
The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) will measure the mass hierarchy and is uniquely positioned to determine whether leptons violate CP. Future multi-megawatt beams aimed at LBNE, such as those from Project X at Fermilab, would enable studies of CP violation in neutrino oscillations with conclusive accuracy. An underground LBNE detector would also permit the study of atmospheric neutrinos, proton decay, and precision measurement of any galactic supernova explosion. This represents a vibrant global program with the U.S. as host.
Report of the 2013 “Snowmass” Summer Study
The European Strategy for Particle Physics, Update 2013
LBNE CD-1 Director's Review - 26-30 March 2012
Sample with bullet points
• First Bullet• Second Bullet
– More– Yet more– Still more
– Less important» Trivial
New Neutrino Beam at Fermilab…
And all the Conventional Facilities required to support the beam and detectors
Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment
…aimed at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF)in Lead, South Dakota
35 kton Liquid Argon TPC Far Detectorat a depth of 4850 feet
LBNE-doc-7074
Precision Near Detector on the Fermilab site
MINERvA
MiniBooNE
735 km (on-axis)
MINOS (far)at 2340 ft level5 kton
MINOS (near)
operatingsince 2005350 kW (>400 kW)
Evolution of U.S. Neutrino Experiments
MINERvA
MiniBooNE
735 km (on-axis)
MINOS (far)at 2340 ft level5 kton
MINOS (near)
operatingsince 2005350 kW (>400 kW)
Evolution of U.S. Neutrino Experiments
NOvA (far)Surface14 kton
under constructiononline 2014700 kW
MicroBooNEunder construction(LAr TPC)
NOvA(near)
810 km (off-axis)
MINERvA
MiniBooNE
735 km (on-axis)
MINOS (far)at 2340 ft level5 kton
MINOS (near)
operatingsince 2005350 kW (>400 kW)
Evolution of U.S. Neutrino Experiments
NOvA (far)Surface14 kton
under constructiononline 2014700 kW
MicroBooNEunder construction(LAr TPC)
NOvA(near)
810 km (off-axis)1300 km (on-axis)
New beamlineNear detector
LBNE Far detectorat 4850 ft level>10 kton 35 kton LAr TPC1.2 MW 2.3 MW proton beam
CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014 9
LBNE Design Status
LBNE has a well-developed conceptual design for the full-project• Neutrino beam at Fermilab for 1.2 MW initial operation,
upgradeable to ≥ 2.3 MW.• Highly-capable near detector on the Fermilab site• 34 kt fiducial mass (50 kt total mass) LAr TPC far detector at
– A baseline of 1300 km– A depth of 4300 m.w.e. at the Sanford Underground
Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota• This conceptual design was developed assuming this was a
purely U.S. DOE-funded project. It has been independently reviewed and found to be sound.
CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014 10
International Partnership
• DOE has asked us to stage the construction of LBNE and has given us a budget of $867M for the first stage.
• They have also encouraged us to develop new partnerships to maximize the scope of the first stage.
• There is substantial international interest in LBNE, and we are proceeding to develop the design in an international context.
CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014 11
NEAR DETECTOR
Tevatron
Antiproton Source
Main Injector
Kirk Rd
LBNE Beamline Design
The lattice design of the primary proton beam requires about 80 conventional magnets
Ready for beam in 2022/2023 (depending on funding)
CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014 12
Target Hall/Decay Pipe Layout
Target Chase: 1.6 m/1.4 m wide, 24.3 m long
Decay Pipe concrete shielding (5.5 m)
Geomembrane barrier system to
keep groundwater out of decay region,
target chase and absorber hall
Baffle/Target Carrier
Considering a 250 m long, helium-filled Decay Pipe
CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014 13
CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014 14CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014 14
CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014 15CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014 15
CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014 16
Neutrino Flux Spectrumat Far Detector in the Absence of Oscillations
2nd 1st Osc Max
CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014 17
Beam Improvements Under Consideration
• Target/horn system can be replaced with more advanced designs as they become available.
• Decay pipe design must be fixed at the beginning.• First four improvements appear technically and financially
feasible. • The last two proposals regarding the decay pipe diameter and
length are still under study.
34% 31%
CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014 18
Further Improvements: More Efficient Focusing
• LBNE began development of a horn optimized for low-energy flux, but has put it on hold due to budgetary limitations.
• The current plan uses the NuMI design, which is well optimized for the 1st , but not the 2nd oscillation max.
CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014 19
Further Improvements: More Efficient Focusing
1st Horn: NuMI Design
1st Horn: LBNE Design
+ 30% at 2nd osc. Max… not fully optimized yet.
This is an excellent opportunity for new collaborators to significantly improve the capabilities of LBNE.
Areas for Potential Collaboration
• Magnets– Dipoles (providing dipole coils or building the magnets as well)– Correctors
• Quadrupole magnet power supplies• Primary Beamline instrumentation (BLMs/TLMs, Profile monitors,
IPMs,…)• Target and Baffle support module• Target R&D – higher beam power or alternate materials• Support modules for the two horns• Upstream decay pipe window• Hadron Monitor (both R&D and building it)• Remote handling• Design and manufacturing of stainless steel cooling panels for the
target chase shield pile and additional steel for it
CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014 20
Areas for Potential Collaboration
• Hadron absorber design and construction• Horn development for higher beam power and increased low-
energy neutrino flux• Corrosion studies for target chase, decay pipe and absorber• Radionuclide handling (Na22, H3, Ar41)• Radiation simulation verification – simulate known irradiations
at known facilities and compare with actual measurements• Hadron production studies that provide essential input for the
prediction of the neutrino flux• Beam simulations• ……
CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014 21
CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014 22
Near Detector System
Near Detector System comprises two main elements:• Muon detector array just downstream of the absorber
– Precision measurements focused on the lowest-energy muons, which correlate with the relevant part of the neutrino spectrum.
– Potentially can provide absolute normalization for beam.• Near Neutrino Detector about 500 m from the target.
– High-precision, high-statistics measurements of neutrino interactions with the un-oscillated beam.
– Provide relative and absolute normalization of the initial neutrino flux of all four species: nm, n‾m, ne, n‾e
Measurements of muons post-absorber
Cherenkov Detectors:measure all muons above a variable thresholdconstrains muon spectrum (correlated with En)
Michel Decay Detectors:measure muons that stop at a given depth in material constrains muon spectrum
Ionization Chambers:spill-by-spill beam profile
p+ m+ + nm
oEν=(0-0.43)Eπ
oEμ=Eπ-Eν=(0.57-1.0)Eπ
23CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014
CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014 24
Prototype Muon Detectors in NuMI Beamline
Cherenkov Detector
Stopped Muon Detector
Near Neutrino Detector
• Proposed by collaborators from the Indian institutions
• High precision straw-tube tracker with embedded high-pressure argon gas targets
• 4p electromagnetic calorimeter and muon identification systems
• Large-aperture dipole magnet• Philosophy
– make high-precision, high-statistics measurements of neutrino interactions with argon (far detector nucleus)
– measure inclusive and exclusive cross-sections to build and constrain models to predict the event signatures at the far site and correlate them with the true neutrino energy
– make detailed studies of electron (and muon) neutrinos and anti-neutrinos separately
25CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014
GOAL: 34 kt fiducial massVolume: 18m x 23m x 51m x 2Total Liquid Argon Mass: ~50,000 tonnes
LBNE Liquid Argon TPC
Based on the ICARUS design
Far Detector
26CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014
CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014 27
CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014 28CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014 28
CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014 29CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014 29
CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014 30
Cryogenic System
CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014 31
35t Cryostat “Proof of Suitability”
Goals• Prove that ultra high purity operation is achievable with
membrane cryostats.• Verify that the non-evacuable design functions • Develop contracting and oversight models with industry
LAPD Purification Piping
LBNE 35 Ton Tank
CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014 32
View Inside 35 t Crysotat
Cryogenic services under Plate B Purity Monitors
(Drift Chambers)
Membrane tank convolutions for shrinkage
Designed by the Japanese company IHI using LNG industry technology and built at FNAL using the IHI oversight and local labor (model foreseen for the final construction)
CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014 33
Purity Achieved in 35 t Cryostat
CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014 34
Next Step: Prototype TPC in 35 t Cryostat
~2m drift region
20 cm short drift region
Foam insulation
Concrete Photon Detectors (8 total) In 4 APAs
First APA plane being wound
CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014 35
Full-Scale Prototype in LAGUNA-LBNO Cryostat
• We hope to be able to test full-scale LBNE drift cell(s) in the 8x8x8 m3 cryostat to be built at CERN as part of WA105.
• Additional benefits of LBNE-LBNO collaboration:– Learn both GTT and IHI
technology– Compare other
technology approaches, e.g. HV feedthroughs orpurification systems
– Compare response ofsingle- and dual-phaseTPCs to charged particletest beam
CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014 36
Areas of Potential Collaboration
• Cryogenics and cryostat system– Refrigeration systems– Purification systems– Cryostat design and construction
• Detector system development and construction– Anode and cathode planes and field cage– Photon detectors– Calibration systems– Electronics and DAQ
• Detector prototype tests, together with LAGUNA-LBNO, as part of WA105
• Participation in ICARUS refurbishment and possible implementation of magnetic field as part of WA104.
CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014 37
Towards an International LBNE
Based on the substantial interest by many groups in many countries to participate in and contribute to the construction of LBNE, we can start to sketch what a possible internationalized LBNE might look like.To develop a plan, we make a number of general assumptions:• Conventional facilities will be funded by mainly or entirely by the
DOE. Illinois and South Dakota have already invested in Fermilab and SURF, and may in the future contribute to the conventional facilities construction for LBNE.
• Construction of the beamline will be anchored by Fermilab/DOE, but with significant in-kind contributions from other partners.
• Contributions from non-US partners will be in-kind and will focus on the construction of the detectors, both near and far, including cryogenic infrastructure for the far detector.
• Funding from other domestic funding source(s) would concentrate on the detectors, to enabling scientific research beyond what the DOE-funded CD-1 configuration could provide.
CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014 38
Scenarios for an International LBNE
We are focused on developing Scenario C
CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014 39
Scenario C
DOE/HEP funding ($867M) would provide: • Much of the civil engineering for the beamline, near detector,
and for a 34 kt fiducial mass far detector at a depth of 4850 feet.• Some of the beamline technical systems.• Muon detectors to monitor the neutrino beam.• Partial funding for a 5 kt fiducial mass far detector module.• Modest partial funding for the near detector.If other domestic funding source(s) would provide:• The remaining funding for a 5 kt fiducial mass far detector module.• Modest partial funding for the near detector.And if state funding would provide:• Contribution to conventional facilities at Fermilab and/or SURFAnd if other countries provide:• Additional far detector module(s), ≥ 5 kt, including cryogenic
infrastructure• A high-performance near neutrino detector system.• Some beamline technical system(s).
CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014 40
Schedule
• We have fully developed and reviewed CD-1-level schedules for LBNE, assumed to be fully funded by DOE.
• Detailed schedules involving non-DOE partners cannot be made yet. • However, an estimate can be made using information from the two
well developed schedules and the following assumptions:- International agreements sufficient to baseline the DOE-
funded project can be put in place in ~ 3 years.• - Technical planning can precede the finalization of the formal
agreements.- The DOE-funded project will proceed according to a funding
profile similar to the current guidance from DOE/HEP.- We have freedom to proceed with parts of the project that
are ready to go without waiting for others that may take longer.• Goal to complete LBNE construction and start operation no later than
2025 (consistent with CD-4 milestone in CD-1 plan)The sooner the
better
CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014 41
Schedule for International LBNE
Design startOctober 2014
Input needed on detector requirements
As much as we canafford now
As much as we canafford now
Fill the rest of thecavern
CERN - Fermilab Meeting – 11 Feb 2014 42
Summary and Conclusions
• The science of LBNE is a top priority for both the US and Europe.
• The LBNE Collaboration is growing rapidly, with many non-US groups joining.
• International partnership is necessary to develop and build a fully capable LBNE.
• There are many opportunities for new partners to significantly improve the design and the physics LBNE can do.
• CERN can play a crucial role in enabling this important program, and we look forward to a close collaboration.