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Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior � Volume 42, Number 4S, 2010 Poster Abstracts S111

Conclusions and Implications: Participants valued theidea of being experts in their personal health and wantedto contribute to future generations’ knowledge about dia-betes prevention. The information learned from this studyis being used to tailor nutrition, health, and diabetes pre-vention messages for Native American SNAP-Ed partici-pants in Oklahoma. This project is funded in part by theChickasaw Nation SNAP-Ed Grant.

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P63 The Relationship of Acculturation andAssociated Factors to Glycemic Control in AsianIndian Adults With Type 2 DiabetesSumathi Venkatesh, MS, Candidate, venkate6@msu.edu;Lorraine Weatherspoon, PhD, RD, weathe43@msu.edu;Won Song, PhD, MPH, RD, song@msu.edu, Department ofFood Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan StateUniversity, G.M. Trout Building, East Lansing, MI48824-1224; Stan Kaplowitz, PhD, kaplowi1@msu.edu,Department of Sociology, Michigan State University, MI

Objective: To examine the association between accultur-ation and associated factors with glycemic control in AsianIndian adults with type 2 diabetes.Design, Setting and Participants: Cross-sectional, in-home interviews were conducted with 30 Asian Indianadults with physician-diagnosed type 2 diabetes, andwho had resided in the United States for at least 1 year.Outcome Measures and Analysis: A 2-step multiple re-gression analysis using the backward elimination proce-dure was performed to examine predictors of glycemiccontrol (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c]). The independent vari-ables were acculturation (the Suinn-Lew Asian Self-identityInstrument), sociodemographic factors, and nutritional/health status of participants.Results: The mean HbA1c level and acculturation level ofthe participants were 7.2% (� 1.0) and 2.2 (� 0.2), respec-tively. The multivariate regression model was significantonly when the interaction terms of acculturation withcovariates (body mass index [BMI], income, and diabetesduration) were included in the model (R2 change ¼ .368;F change ¼ 4.208; P ¼ .018). Lower acculturation (b ¼–2.67; P ¼ .030) and the interaction of acculturationwith income (interaction b ¼ 7.19; P ¼ .005), duration ofdiabetes (interaction b ¼ .30; P ¼ .024), and BMI (interac-tion b ¼ 1.11; P ¼ .010) significantly predicted higherHbA1c levels.Conclusions and Implications: Consistent with otherAsian Indian studies, this first-generation sample waspredominantly bicultural and less likely to be westernoriented. Asian-Indian orientation was an indicator ofhigher HbA1c levels in this sample when controlling forBMI, income, and diabetes duration. Therefore, interven-tions that target Asian Indians with diabetes shouldaddress cultural orientation and subsequently adaptnutrition education and support appropriately. Thisproject is funded by Michigan State University GraduateSchool.

P64 Developing a Weight Loss Intervention forAppalachian Adults: A Descriptive SurveyKelly Webber, PhD, MPH, RD, LD, kelly.webber@uky.edu,University of Kentucky, Department of Nutrition and FoodScience, 212A Funkhouser Building, Lexington, KY 40506-0054; Lisa Quintiliani, PhD, RD, lisa.quintiliani@bmc.org,Boston University, School of Medicine, 801 MassachusettsAvenue, 2nd floor, MISU, Boston, MA 02118

Objective: To gather information for the design of an up-coming weight-loss and diabetes-prevention interventionfor adults in Appalachian Kentucky.Design, Setting and Participants: A random-digit di-aled telephone survey was conducted with 404 adults inAppalachian Kentucky.Outcome Measures and Analysis: Participants indi-cated their current weight, health conditions, self-efficacy,barriers, and motivators for weight loss. Participants alsoindicated their interest in joining a free weight-loss pro-gram and their preferred mode of delivery of the program.Results: Most respondents were women (71%) and over-weight or obese (69%; mean body mass index [BMI] ¼29.0 (7.3) kg/m2), with an average age of 47.2 (11.8) years.Nearly half reported a diagnosis of a chronic health condi-tion (48%), including 28% who reported having diabetes.Although two-thirds of respondents reported high self-effi-cacy for losing weight if they tried, barriers and motivatorsto weight loss were also reported. The most common bar-riers to weight loss cited were current eating habits, time,and current physical condition. The most common moti-vators for weight loss were health, appearance, and feelingbetter. Most respondents (68%) indicated interest ina weight-loss program, with 40% preferring a face-to-faceprogram and 26% preferring an Internet delivery mode.Conclusions and Implications: There is a need, basedon BMI and diabetes levels, as well as a desire, for weight-loss programs among adults in Appalachian Kentucky.Face-to-face and Internet programs are both conducive toincorporating and intervening on the common barriersand motivators reported. Further research may explorehow to optimize these delivery modes for this population.Funding provided by a UK Health Education through Ex-tension Leadership grant.

P65 Lay Nutrition Beliefs Among Low-incomeAfrican American Mothers Do Not SupportHealthy Food ChoiceElizabeth Lynch, PhD, elizabeth_lynch@rush.edu,Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush UniversityMedical Center, 1700 West Van Buren, Suite 470,Chicago, IL 60612-3244; Shane Holmes, BA, s-holmes@northwestern.edu, Department of Preventive Medicine,Feinberg Medical School, Northwestern University, 680North Lakeshore Drive, Suite 1102, Chicago, IL 60611-4402

Objective: Low-income African American women are es-pecially vulnerable to diet-related disease because of poor

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S112 Poster Abstracts Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior � Volume 42, Number 4S, 2010

diet quality. This study describes nutrition beliefs amonga sample of low-income African American women to deter-mine whether their nutritional knowledge is adequate tosupport healthy food choices.Design, Setting and Participants: Lay nutritionbeliefs were explored in a convenience sample of 28 low-income African American mothers. In one-on-one inter-views, women were asked to select the healthier of 2 foodsand explain why they believe that food is healthier.Outcomes Measures and Analysis: Responses weretranscribed and classified into a set of codes describingdimensions of food healthfulness.Results: Foods were considered healthy or unhealthy be-cause of the nutrients in the food, the food group of thefood, and the bodily effects of the food. Many womenalso believed that foods that were natural were healthier,foods that were filling were healthier, and preferred foodswere healthier. Responses reflected a high number of knowl-edge gaps and misconceptions, including the common be-lief that starchy foods are high in fat. In general, participantbeliefs about which foods contained which nutrients andwhich foods had particular physical effects were incorrect.Conclusions and Implications: These findings suggestthat the nutritional knowledge held by these women is in-ert, meaning that the women cannot use the knowledge tosupport healthy food choices. Nutrition education inter-ventions that are specifically tailored to address miscon-ceptions and knowledge gaps of the target audience maybe more effective at improving dietary behavior. Consor-tium to Lower Obesity in Chicago Children (CLOCC)funded this study.

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P66 Breastfeeding Behaviors and Attitudes inMaai Mahiu, KenyaSandra Procter, PhD, procter@ksu.edu; Valerie Stull, MPH,valerie.jo.stull@gmail.com, Department of HumanNutrition, Kansas State University, 204 Justin Hall,Manhattan, KS 66505

Objective: To assess breastfeeding practices and attitudesof women living in Maai Mahiu, Kenya, compare them tonational averages, and determine need for education.Design, Setting and Participants: Women living inMaai Mahiu, Kenya, participated in an orally administeredsurvey regarding infant/child feeding. Questions assessedbreastfeeding of a woman’s youngest living child, generalattitudes toward breastfeeding, weaning practices, andsources of breastfeeding information. Results were com-pared to national averages, providing insight into healthbehavior in this periurban community.Outcome Measures and Analysis: Surveys were trans-lated and back-translated from Swahili to English and ad-ministered by trained enumerators at a communityhealth clinic to a convenience sample of mothers (n ¼ 50).Results: All respondents breastfed their youngest childand believed breastfeeding is healthy. Exclusive breastfeed-ing duration ranged from 5 days to 12 months; weaningfoods included primarily maize-based porridge mixed

with cow milk or water, fruits, or vegetables. Thirty-twopercent reported exclusively breastfeeding for the first6 months of life, and 40% exclusively breastfed for lessthan 4 months. Eighteen percent reported exclusivelybreastfeeding for 4 to 6 months, whereas 8% exclusivelybreastfed longer than 6 months (7-12 months). Forty-twopercentofwomenlearnedaboutbreastfeedingfromahealthworker/institution; 40% learned from a family member.Conclusions and Implications: Women in Maai Ma-hiu held positive attitudes of breastfeeding. Many womendid not meet international recommendations for exclusivebreastfeeding. Although the sample population reportedhigher exclusive breastfeeding rates than Kenyan nationalaverages, Maai Mahiu still demonstrates need for improvedbreastfeeding practices and health education for mothers.

P67 The Measurement of CarbohydrateKnowledge, Self-Efficacy and Stage of Changeto Follow a Controlled Carbohydrate Diet inType 2 Diabetes ParticipantsKristin Gabrys, BS, kristin_gabrys@rush.edu;Kathryn Keim, PhD, RD, LDN, Kathy_keim@rush.edu,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Rush University, 1653West Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL 60612-3833;Karen Chapman-Novakofski, RD, PhD, kmc@illinois.edu,Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition,University of Illinois, 343 Bevier Hall, 905 South GoodwinAvenue, Urbana, IL 61801. One of the authors of thisabstract (Chapman-Novakofski) serves on the JNEB staffas Editor-in-Chief. Abstracts were chosen by an SNEsubcommittee of which she was not a member tominimize conflict of interest.

Objective: To determine differences in carbohydrateknowledge, self-efficacy, and stage of change to followa controlled carbohydrate diet according to demographicand clinical characteristics.Design, Setting and Participants: Cross-sectional, ob-servational study of 82 participants with type 2 diabetesfrom an urban area.Outcome Measures and Analysis: The questionnaireassessed carbohydrate knowledge (CK) (score 0-17, higher¼ more knowledge), self-efficacy (score 9-45), and stageof change (SOC) (single-item algorithm based on self-per-ception) to follow a controlled carbohydrate diet. Indepen-dent-sample 2-tailed t test determined differences in thesevariables by sex, race, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and bodymass index (BMI) category.Results: The mostly female (74%), black (55%), and obese(74%) group was 54.6 � 10.7 years old, with HbA1c 7.2 �1.4%. Blacks (11.6 � 2.8) had significantly lower CK scoresthan other races (13.3 � 2.6, P ¼ .007). Sixty-two percentwere in action/maintenance SOC to follow a controlledcarbohydrate diet. Obese participants had a significantlylower self-efficacy (SE) score (37.4 � 5.7) vs lower BMI cat-egories (41.4 � 3.0, P ¼ .000). Preaction (precontempla-tion, contemplation, preparation) (36.9 � 4.7) hadsignificantly lower SE score compared to action partici-pants (39.6 � 5.5, P ¼ .028).