Laws, Policies and Laws, Policies and Trends in a Trends in a

Multicultural Multicultural PerspectivePerspectiveGroup presentation in Group presentation in

SNE4110SNE4110

Group SESPAHGroup SESPAH

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The Group – SESPAHThe Group – SESPAH

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Bosnia & HerzegovinaBosnia & Herzegovina

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Bosnia & HerzegovinaBosnia & Herzegovina

Location: South-Eastern EuropeLocation: South-Eastern Europe Bordering countries: Croatia, Serbia, Bordering countries: Croatia, Serbia,

and Montenegro and Montenegro Capital: SarajevoCapital: Sarajevo Population: about 4 millionPopulation: about 4 million Land coverage: 51 129 km2Land coverage: 51 129 km2 Official languages: Bosnian, Serbian, Official languages: Bosnian, Serbian,

and Croatianand Croatian

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EthiopiaEthiopia

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EthiopiaEthiopia

Location: East AfricaLocation: East Africa Bordering countries: Eritrea, Bordering countries: Eritrea,

Djibouti, Somalia, Kenya, and Sudan.Djibouti, Somalia, Kenya, and Sudan. Capital: Addis AbabaCapital: Addis Ababa Population: 72.4 millionPopulation: 72.4 million Land coverage: 1 127 127 km2Land coverage: 1 127 127 km2 Official languages: AmharicOfficial languages: Amharic

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NorwayNorway

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NorwayNorway

Location: Northern EuropeLocation: Northern Europe Bordering countries: SBordering countries: Swweedenden, Finland, , Finland,

and Russiaand Russia Capital: OsloCapital: Oslo Population: 4,6 millionPopulation: 4,6 million Land coverage: 385 199 km2Land coverage: 385 199 km2 Official languages: Norwegian, Sami (6 Official languages: Norwegian, Sami (6

municipalities), and Finnish (1 municipalities), and Finnish (1 municipality)municipality)

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RomaniaRomania

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RomaniaRomania

Location: Eastern EuropeLocation: Eastern Europe Bordering countries: Bulgaria, Bordering countries: Bulgaria,

Serbia, Ungarn, Moldova, and Serbia, Ungarn, Moldova, and UkraineUkraine

Capital: BucurestiCapital: Bucuresti Population: 22,3 millionPopulation: 22,3 million Land coverage: 238 391 km2Land coverage: 238 391 km2 Official languages: RomanianOfficial languages: Romanian

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UgandaUganda

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UgandaUganda

Location: East AfricaLocation: East Africa Bordering countries: Tanzania, Bordering countries: Tanzania,

Rwanda, The Rwanda, The Democratic Republic of Kongo, Sudan, and Kenya Sudan, and Kenya

Capital: KampalaCapital: Kampala Population: 28 millionPopulation: 28 million Land coverage: 236 040 km2Land coverage: 236 040 km2 Official languages: English.Official languages: English.

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ZimbabweZimbabwe

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ZimbabweZimbabwe

Location: Southern AfricaLocation: Southern Africa Bordering countries: Zambia, Bordering countries: Zambia,

Mozambique, South-Africa, and Mozambique, South-Africa, and Botswana. Botswana.

Capital: HarareCapital: Harare Population: 11.8 millionPopulation: 11.8 million Land coverage: 390 580 km2Land coverage: 390 580 km2 Official languages: EnglishOfficial languages: English

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Education, Health Care, Social Welfare, and Education, Health Care, Social Welfare, and Human RightsHuman Rights

SubjectSubject Bosnia and Bosnia and HerzegovinaHerzegovina

EducationEducation- free/compulsofree/compulsoryry- system system - SNESNE

- 8/9 +3/4 + 2/48/9 +3/4 + 2/4/6/6- Reform of educational Reform of educational system Ssystem Special primary and pecial primary and secondary schoolsecondary schools s - OrdinaryOrdinary schools with schools with integrative education integrative education - OrdinaryOrdinary schools with schools with special class special class

Health Health CareCare- public public healthhealth- free free medicationmedication

Competence of EntitiesCompetence of Entities

Free medical tretmant for Free medical tretmant for children until 15 years old, children until 15 years old, for pupils in secondary for pupils in secondary schoolschool and and students until students until 26 years old, for persons 26 years old, for persons who are disabled to cater who are disabled to cater for independent life and for independent life and work work

Free vaccinationFree vaccination

EthiopiaEthiopia Primary education “free & Primary education “free & compulsory”compulsory” 4 years first cycle and 4 years 4 years first cycle and 4 years second cycle primary education, second cycle primary education, 2 years of general secondary 2 years of general secondary and 2 years of second cycle and 2 years of second cycle secondary educationsecondary education Special classes and schools Special classes and schools (not yet inclusion, pilot schools)(not yet inclusion, pilot schools) “ “free health services”, NGO free health services”, NGO assistedassisted Free vaccinationFree vaccination NGO assisted free vaccination, NGO assisted free vaccination, health services and assistive health services and assistive devises (wheel chairs, crunches, devises (wheel chairs, crunches, artificial limbs, white cane etc)artificial limbs, white cane etc)

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Education, Health Care, Social Welfare, and Education, Health Care, Social Welfare, and Human Rights Cont’dHuman Rights Cont’d

SubjectSubject Bosnia and Bosnia and HerzegovinaHerzegovina

Social Social WelfareWelfare - institutions - institutions in chargein charge

Social Care CenterSocial Care Centerss in in communitycommunity Cantonal Social Care Cantonal Social Care CenterCenterss Hearing and Speach Hearing and Speach RRehabilitation ehabilitation CCententeer r Center for partially blind Center for partially blind children and youth children and youth CommissionCommission for for categorizing categorizing

Human Human RightsRights- protection of - protection of childrenchildren

- protection of - protection of disableddisabled

Human Rights & Rights of Human Rights & Rights of Children – Constitution Children – Constitution Protection people with Protection people with mental disabilitymental disability Council of pupils in school Council of pupils in school Laws exists but not Laws exists but not respectedrespected

EthiopiaEthiopia

Local associations of people Local associations of people with disabilities provide social with disabilities provide social and economical support (NGO and economical support (NGO assisted)assisted) Rehabilitation centers for Rehabilitation centers for the physically disabledthe physically disabled Proclamation of the Rights of Proclamation of the Rights of the Disabled to Employmentthe Disabled to Employment

UN human and child rightsUN human and child rights

ConstitutionConstitution

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Education, Health Care, Social Welfare, and Education, Health Care, Social Welfare, and Human Rights Cont’dHuman Rights Cont’d

SubjectSubject Norway Norway

EducatiEducationon- free/compufree/compulsorylsory- system system - SNESNE

- Free education: 7 years primary, 3 - Free education: 7 years primary, 3 years lower secondary, 3-4 years upper years lower secondary, 3-4 years upper secondary (not compulsory)secondary (not compulsory)

- Pupils with special needs integrated in - Pupils with special needs integrated in regular schoolsregular schools- Special schools for deaf children (report Special schools for deaf children (report to the Parliament 2002)to the Parliament 2002)- The Education Act (1998)The Education Act (1998)- The pedagogical psychological The pedagogical psychological counseling servicescounseling services- Regional recourse centers for children Regional recourse centers for children with disabilitieswith disabilities- 2 years education of immigrants2 years education of immigrants

Health Health CareCare- public public healthhealth- free free medicationmedication

- Almost free public health careAlmost free public health care- Free Free prescribedprescribed medication medication- Vaccination program for all children Vaccination program for all children (not compulsory)(not compulsory)- National free insurance for all National free insurance for all inhabitants, also valid in other European inhabitants, also valid in other European countriescountries- The Health Services Act (1982)The Health Services Act (1982)

Romania Romania - Reform of educational - Reform of educational systemsystem

12/912/9

- free preschool education- free preschool education

4 years primary, 4 years 4 years primary, 4 years secondary, 4 years high secondary, 4 years high schoolschool

- 288 special schools primary - 288 special schools primary and secondary, 55328 and secondary, 55328 children, 10 773 teacherschildren, 10 773 teachers

- Public health care and - Public health care and privateprivate- Free medical insurance for Free medical insurance for people under 18, students people under 18, students under 25 and people with under 25 and people with disabilitiesdisabilities- free medical services for free medical services for emergenciesemergencies

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Education, Health Care, Social Welfare, and Education, Health Care, Social Welfare, and Human Rights Cont’dHuman Rights Cont’d

SubjectSubject Norway Norway

Social Social WelfareWelfare - institutions in - institutions in chargecharge

• The Social Services Act The Social Services Act (1991)(1991)• The Kindergarten Act The Kindergarten Act (2004)(2004)• Each municipality Each municipality responsible for the responsible for the servicesservices• Report to the Parliament Report to the Parliament on Reduction of the on Reduction of the barriers for the disabled barriers for the disabled (2002)(2002)• Affirmative action on the Affirmative action on the labor marketlabor market

Human Human RightsRights- protection of - protection of childrenchildren

- protection of - protection of disableddisabled

• The UN Universal The UN Universal Declaration of Human Declaration of Human Rights is regarded above Rights is regarded above Norwegian Law Norwegian Law (Menneskerettsloven (Menneskerettsloven 1999)1999)• The UN Convention on The UN Convention on the Rights of the Childthe Rights of the Child• BarnevernslovenBarnevernsloven

Romania Romania Child Protection System, Child Protection System, 19951995 Association of People with Association of People with Handicaps, 1997Handicaps, 1997 Institution for Prevention of Institution for Prevention of Social Exclusion of People Social Exclusion of People with Handicaps, 2003with Handicaps, 2003 County Child protection County Child protection CommissionCommission Local centers (associations) Local centers (associations) for visual and hearing for visual and hearing impairmentsimpairments Salamanca StatementSalamanca Statement EU child protection EU child protection legislationlegislation 38 laws and governmental 38 laws and governmental decisions regarding people decisions regarding people with disabilitieswith disabilities

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Education, Health Care, Social Welfare, and Education, Health Care, Social Welfare, and Human Rights Cont’dHuman Rights Cont’d

SubjectSubject UgandaUganda

EducationEducation-free/free/compulsorycompulsory- system system - SNESNE

• Primary education free but not Primary education free but not yet compulsory; secondary to be yet compulsory; secondary to be free w.e.f. 2007, small free w.e.f. 2007, small government sponsorship to public government sponsorship to public universities and other tertiary universities and other tertiary institutionsinstitutions• Affirmative action for girls, Affirmative action for girls, PWDs and sports gifted studentsPWDs and sports gifted students• Primary takes 7 years, secondary Primary takes 7 years, secondary 6 and university 3 to 5 years6 and university 3 to 5 years• Inclusion, integration, special Inclusion, integration, special schools and units operationalschools and units operational• Community polytechnics being Community polytechnics being built in every sub-countybuilt in every sub-county

Health Health CareCare- public healthpublic health- free free medicationmedication

• User fee in public health User fee in public health facilities abolishedfacilities abolished• Uganda National Minimum Uganda National Minimum Health Care Package adoptedHealth Care Package adopted• National immunization days National immunization days conductedconducted• Section for Disability and Section for Disability and Rehabilitation in the Health Rehabilitation in the Health ministryministry

ZimbabweZimbabwe System pre school, seven year System pre school, seven year primary course, six year primary course, six year secondary education and secondary education and tertiary education. special tertiary education. special primary and special secondary primary and special secondary schools.schools. Regular schools with special Regular schools with special classes and resource units.classes and resource units. Regular schools with inclusive Regular schools with inclusive classes, vocational training classes, vocational training centers and hospital schools, centers and hospital schools, rehabilitation centersrehabilitation centers

Free medication and care for Free medication and care for children under 5 and adults children under 5 and adults above 65above 65 Subsidized medical services Subsidized medical services from government hospitalsfrom government hospitals Assistive devises from NGOs Assistive devises from NGOs Charitable organizations Charitable organizations occasionally provide free occasionally provide free medical caremedical care

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Education, Health Care, Social Welfare, and Education, Health Care, Social Welfare, and Human Rights Cont’dHuman Rights Cont’d

SubjectSubject UgandaUganda

Social Social WelfareWelfare - institutions - institutions in chargein charge

• Pension and retirement Pension and retirement packagepackage• Trade Unions operationalTrade Unions operational• Affirmative actions for Affirmative actions for marginalized special interest marginalized special interest groupsgroups• Ministry for Gender, Labor Ministry for Gender, Labor and Social Developmentand Social Development• National Social Security FundNational Social Security Fund

Human Human RightsRights- protection of - protection of childrenchildren

- protection of - protection of disableddisabled

• Children statute enacted in Children statute enacted in 19961996• Magistrate grade 2 court Magistrate grade 2 court designated as the family and designated as the family and children courtchildren court• Every local council 1 and 2 Every local council 1 and 2 has secretary for children has secretary for children affairsaffairs

ZimbabweZimbabwe Provides free health Provides free health facilities to the needy, free facilities to the needy, free tuition fees for children with tuition fees for children with disabilities and orphans who disabilities and orphans who are needyare needy Rehabilitation services Rehabilitation services provided by the social provided by the social welfarewelfare

Child friendly courtsChild friendly courts The juvenile courtsThe juvenile courts Disabled Persons’ ActDisabled Persons’ Act The National ConstitutionThe National Constitution

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Services and programs in each Services and programs in each

countrycountry CountryCountry Services and ProgramsServices and Programs

BosniaBosnia && HerHerzezeggovovinaina

• International NGO organizations (UNESCO, UNICEF, Red Cross, International NGO organizations (UNESCO, UNICEF, Red Cross, Save the Children) Save the Children) • Local NGO organizations Local NGO organizations ((Step by Step, Hope, …) Step by Step, Hope, …) • Associations of Citizens, Parents and Friends for Assistance to person Associations of Citizens, Parents and Friends for Assistance to person with different disabilitieswith different disabilities ( Duga, Sumero,...)( Duga, Sumero,...)• Domestic violence prevention programsDomestic violence prevention programs• Free pregnancy and nursing Free pregnancy and nursing • Pre natal diagnosis Pre natal diagnosis • Primary health care Primary health care • Youth counseling services (drag, alcoholism, prevention of sexual Youth counseling services (drag, alcoholism, prevention of sexual transmitted diseases)transmitted diseases)• Mandatory vaccination Mandatory vaccination

EthiopiaEthiopia International and national NGOs (UNESCO, Handicap International and national NGOs (UNESCO, Handicap International, Cheshire foundation etc), Missionaries and the International, Cheshire foundation etc), Missionaries and the ChurchChurch National associations of people with disabilities (EFPD, ENAB, National associations of people with disabilities (EFPD, ENAB, ENAD, …)ENAD, …) Rehabilitation servicesRehabilitation services Free provision of learning and other assistive materialsFree provision of learning and other assistive materials Free VaccinationFree Vaccination Assistive devises (for polio cases) and physiotherapyAssistive devises (for polio cases) and physiotherapy

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Services and programs in each Services and programs in each country Cont’dcountry Cont’d

CountrCountryy

Services and ProgramsServices and Programs

NorwaNorwayy

Vaccination programsVaccination programs Early medical diagnosis of children with disabilities Early medical diagnosis of children with disabilities Resource centers for assessment of multi-handicapped childrenResource centers for assessment of multi-handicapped children Centers with assistive devises for people with different kinds of Centers with assistive devises for people with different kinds of disabilities - in each countydisabilities - in each county

RomanRomaniaia

- Child protection system, foster families, day centers, community Child protection system, foster families, day centers, community service centers, housing systems organized as a family, personal service centers, housing systems organized as a family, personal caretakers, National Association for people with Handicaps that runs caretakers, National Association for people with Handicaps that runs clubs for their members in every county, NGOs that run monthly or clubs for their members in every county, NGOs that run monthly or yearly activities for people with special needs (UNESCO, UNICEF, yearly activities for people with special needs (UNESCO, UNICEF, Red Cross, World Vision, and local ones. Every county has a list with Red Cross, World Vision, and local ones. Every county has a list with eligible NGOs entitled to run programs). “Green numbers”. eligible NGOs entitled to run programs). “Green numbers”. - Maternal centers in every county for mothers with new born Maternal centers in every county for mothers with new born children with disabilities,children with disabilities,- Day centers for children 3-7 years with learning disabilities and their Day centers for children 3-7 years with learning disabilities and their parents or tutors,parents or tutors,- Personal careers (special trained nurses and pedagogical staff) for Personal careers (special trained nurses and pedagogical staff) for children 0-3 yearschildren 0-3 years

- Free vaccination program for children 0-14, - Free vaccination program for children 0-14,

- free community and public services for children with learning - free community and public services for children with learning disabilitiesdisabilities

- Maternal centers (build with EU money)- Maternal centers (build with EU money)

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Services and programs in each Services and programs in each country Cont’dcountry Cont’d

CountryCountry Services and ProgramsServices and Programs

ZimbabZimbabwewe

Immunization programs, pre and post natal care, Immunization programs, pre and post natal care, rehabilitation services, counseling services, teacher rehabilitation services, counseling services, teacher training, awareness programs in disability issues, special training, awareness programs in disability issues, special schools and free and subsidized health services for people schools and free and subsidized health services for people with disabilities.with disabilities.

National associations for people with disabilities.National associations for people with disabilities.

Apgar test, disability assessment tests and placementsApgar test, disability assessment tests and placements

UgandaUganda National immunization Days and Outreaches, Functional National immunization Days and Outreaches, Functional Adult Literacy programs, Informal Education for Adult Literacy programs, Informal Education for marginalized societies, Northern Uganda social action fund, marginalized societies, Northern Uganda social action fund, PIASCY program in all schools, Sign language transmission PIASCY program in all schools, Sign language transmission of news on the national television, Disability organizations of news on the national television, Disability organizations active, Refresher coursesactive, Refresher courses

Ante natal and post natal services, Free ARVs, PMTC and Ante natal and post natal services, Free ARVs, PMTC and pediatric HIV management, preprimary education in private pediatric HIV management, preprimary education in private schools, public awareness creation schools, public awareness creation

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Common services and programsCommon services and programs in our in our

cocoununtriestries Services & Programs Services & Programs Early intervention:Early intervention:

- Pre- and post natal services and programsPre- and post natal services and programs- Rehabilitation servicesRehabilitation services

Free health care for young childrenFree health care for young children Child protection servicesChild protection services Associations for people with disabilitiesAssociations for people with disabilities

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Standard Rules for Equalization of Standard Rules for Equalization of

OpportunitiesOpportunities CountryCountry KnKnooww

nn TranslTranslaatted ed

Implemented Implemented

BosniaBosnia && HerHerzezeggovinovinaa

YesYes YesYesBoth national law and local law Both national law and local law (cantons), but not respected(cantons), but not respected

EthiopiaEthiopia YesYes YesYes Partially implemented Partially implemented

NorwayNorway YesYes YesYes No (regarded policy)No (regarded policy)

RomaniaRomania YesYes YesYes Governmental decisions and Governmental decisions and lawslaws

Partially applied Partially applied

UgandaUganda YesYes NoNo Yes, parliament established the Yes, parliament established the equal opportunities committee plus equal opportunities committee plus affirmative action aimed at affirmative action aimed at equalizing opportunities for PWDs. equalizing opportunities for PWDs. There is a ministry of state for There is a ministry of state for disability and elderly affairsdisability and elderly affairs

ZimbabweZimbabwe YesYes YesYes Partially implementedPartially implemented

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Salamanca declaration Salamanca declaration

CountryCountry KnKnoowwnn TransleteTransleted d

Implemented Implemented

BosniaBosnia && HerHerzezeggovinovinaa

YesYes YesYes Partially Partially

EthiopiaEthiopia YesYes YesYes PartiallyPartially

NorwayNorway TJATJA No (but it is No (but it is in Danish)in Danish)

Yes (officially)Yes (officially)

RomaniaRomania YesYes YesYes PartiallyPartially

UgandaUganda YesYes NoNo Yes but, special schools and Yes but, special schools and units are also maintainedunits are also maintained

ZimbabweZimbabwe YesYes YesYes PartiallyPartially

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Common laws and policies in our Common laws and policies in our cocoununtriestries

LawLaw PolicyPolicy• Free Primary EducationFree Primary Education• Special Schools (restricted Special Schools (restricted in Norway)in Norway)• Inclusive education (except Inclusive education (except Romania)Romania)• Free health care and Free health care and medication – however medication – however limitedlimited• All six countries have some All six countries have some basic provisions for social basic provisions for social servicesservices• UN Universal Declaration UN Universal Declaration on Human Rights ratified by on Human Rights ratified by all countriesall countries• The UN Convention on the The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child ratified Rights of the Child ratified by all countriesby all countries

•Limited free access to Limited free access to health serviceshealth services• Education for All Education for All • UN Standard Rules on UN Standard Rules on the Equalization of the Equalization of Opportunities – to Opportunities – to different extentsdifferent extents• The Salamanca The Salamanca DeclarationDeclaration• Special training for Special training for teachersteachers

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Different laws and policies in our Different laws and policies in our countriescountries

CountryCountry LawLaw PolicyPolicy

BosniaBosnia && HerHerzezeggovinaovina

Protection of civil victims of war Protection of civil victims of war

EthiopiaEthiopia

NorwayNorway

RomaniaRomania Protection victims of communist Protection victims of communist regime and events `89.regime and events `89.

Every tax payer can donate to Every tax payer can donate to an eligible NGO chosen by an eligible NGO chosen by him/herself up to 2% out of the him/herself up to 2% out of the annual tax amount,annual tax amount,

UgandaUganda •The children statute (children been The children statute (children been a part of the Parliamentary a part of the Parliamentary debate!!)debate!!)•The parliamentary elections Ac of The parliamentary elections Ac of 1996 which allows for 5 1996 which allows for 5 representatives of PWDs in representatives of PWDs in parliamentparliament

ZimbabweZimbabwe

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Needs ofNeeds of each countryeach country CountryCountry NeedsNeeds

BosniaBosnia && HerHerzezeggovinovinaa

Change of attitudes Change of attitudes

Team work and team support for teachers (assistants) Team work and team support for teachers (assistants)

Make Resource centersMake Resource centers

Training of Training of teachersteachers

Better Better implementation current legislative and policyimplementation current legislative and policy

Change in teacher's educationChange in teacher's education

Change in Curriculum (flexibility) Change in Curriculum (flexibility)

Employment of persons with disabilities Employment of persons with disabilities

Infrastructures for persons with disabilityInfrastructures for persons with disability

Make network between schools, ministries, …Make network between schools, ministries, …

Reorientation of the whole system Reorientation of the whole system

Respect the law Respect the law

Finances Finances

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Needs ofNeeds of each country each country Cont’dCont’dCountryCountry NeedsNeeds

EthiopiaEthiopia Awareness raising and sensitization of the societyAwareness raising and sensitization of the society Proper implementation of policies and laws Proper implementation of policies and laws Early assessment and intervention Early assessment and intervention Quality education for all and specifically for children Quality education for all and specifically for children wish disabilitieswish disabilities Quality teacher educationQuality teacher education Curriculum flexibilityCurriculum flexibility Medical careMedical care

NorwayNorway Problematic question!Problematic question!

Law versus policy & implementation always trickyLaw versus policy & implementation always tricky

Human rights perspectiveHuman rights perspective

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Needs ofNeeds of each country each country Cont’dCont’d

CountryCountry NeedsNeeds

RomaniaRomania Social political awareness. Campaigns of sensitizing Social political awareness. Campaigns of sensitizing people. Change of attitudes.people. Change of attitudes.

Specialists, professional staff. Trained specialists able to Specialists, professional staff. Trained specialists able to train others and to increase awareness among parents and train others and to increase awareness among parents and teachers.teachers.

Cooperation and better communication among institutions.Cooperation and better communication among institutions.

Better use and administration of resources and Better use and administration of resources and implementation of lawsimplementation of laws

UgandaUganda •More effective commitment to policy enforcement and More effective commitment to policy enforcement and reviewreview•Specific laws on employment, and the minimum wageSpecific laws on employment, and the minimum wage•Mainstreaming of SNE programs into National and local Mainstreaming of SNE programs into National and local government programs and strengthening of the SNE/EARS government programs and strengthening of the SNE/EARS structuresstructures•Continuous sensitization, attitude change and Continuous sensitization, attitude change and reorientation of the stakeholders and line ministriesreorientation of the stakeholders and line ministries•Strengthening the support services framework for Strengthening the support services framework for paraprofessional networking and collaboration. paraprofessional networking and collaboration.

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Needs ofNeeds of each country each country Cont’dCont’d

CountryCountry NeedsNeeds

ZimbabweZimbabwe Education law with aspects on education for people with Education law with aspects on education for people with disabilities.disabilities.

Curriculum that is flexible and not exam oriented.Curriculum that is flexible and not exam oriented.

Policy on inclusion rather than on integration.Policy on inclusion rather than on integration.

Review of the sustenance allowance.Review of the sustenance allowance.

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The Group processThe Group process

4 meetings of appr. 2 hours each4 meetings of appr. 2 hours each ””Homework” based on preparatory Homework” based on preparatory

assignmentassignment Creative and (sometimes) noisy Creative and (sometimes) noisy

group discussions: group discussions:

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THANK YOU!THANK YOU! HAVALA!HAVALA!

MULTU MESC!MULTU MESC!

APWOYO MATEKAPWOYO MATEK

MAZVIITAMAZVIITA

TUSEN TAKK!TUSEN TAKK!