laws (no longer in effect) in south africa that physically separated different races into different...
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Laws (no longer in effect) in South Africa that physically separated
different races into different geographic areas
Apartheid
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Investment made by a foreign company in the economy of
another country
Foreign direct investment (FDI)
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Compares the ability of women and men to participate in economic
and political decision making
Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM)
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Migration to a new location
Immigration
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Workers who migrate to the more developed countries of Northern and
Western Europe, usually from Southern or Eastern Europe or from North Africa,
in search of higher paying jobs
Guest Workers
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The physical character of a place
Site
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An area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity
Vernacular Region
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A ring of land maintained as parks, agriculture, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl
of an urban area
Greenbelt
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A model of North American urban areas consisting of an inner city surrounded by large suburban
residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road
Peripheral model
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A process by which banks draw lines on a map and refuse to lend
money to purchase or improve property within a boundary
Redlining
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Identity with a group of people that share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular place as a
result of being born there
Nationality
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The frequent repetition of an act, to the extent that it becomes
characteristic of the group of people performing the act
Custom
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A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people
who have different native languages
Lingua franca
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A religion that attempts to appeal to all people, not just those living in a
particular location
Universalizing religion
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A language that results from the mixing of a colonizer’s language with the indigenous language of the people
being dominated
Creolized language
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An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a
state
Centripetal force
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The portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing useful products
through processing, transforming, and assembling raw materials
Secondary sector
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The BRIC countries
Brazil, Russia, India, China (and now South Africa)
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A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for
production to independent suppliers
Outsourcing
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Transfer of some types of jobs, especially those requiring low-paid,
less skilled workers, from more developed to less developed countries
New international division of labor
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The minimum number of people needed to support the service
threshold
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Industries that sell their products or services primarily to consumers
outside the settlement
Basic industries
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The potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people
must travel to reach the service
Gravity Model
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A restriction on behavior imposed by social custom
taboo
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Permanent movement within a country
Internal migration
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Permanent movement within one region of a country
Intraregional migration
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The reduction in time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place
as a result of improved communications and transportation
Space-time compression
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The spread of an underlying principle, even though a specific
characteristic is rejected
Stimulus diffusion
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The portion of Earth’s surface not occupied by permanent human settlement
Non-ecumene
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The scientific study of population characteristics
demography
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Process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities
balkanization
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Process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power
Gerrymandering
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An otherwise compact state with a large projecting extension
Prorupted state
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An internal organization of a state that places most power in the hands of a central
government
Unitary state
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The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures
transhumance
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A flooded field for growing rice
sawah
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Farming methods that preserve long-term productivity of the land and minimize
pollution, typically by rotating soil-restoring crops with cash crops and
reducing inputs of fertilizers and pesticides
Sustainable agriculture
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The process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller
number of larger farms in England in the 1700s
Enclosure Movement
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A pattern of settlements in a country such that the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population
of the largest settlement
Rank-size rule
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Program in which cities identify blighted inner-city neighborhoods, acquire properties from private owners, relocate the residents
and businesses, clear the site, build new roads and utilities, and turn the land over to
private developers
Urban renewal