Launching the New Nation

Chapter 2: Section 4

About George

• Born in Virginia, father died at 11, raised by half brother

• Fought in French and Indian War, American General in War for Independence

• Married Martha, raised her 2 children till they died, George adopted his stepsons 2 kids

• Mount Vernon

• First President

Notes

Washington Heads the New Government

• Constitution was a strong foundation, but it wasn’t detailed enough for governing

Task#1= Creation of a Judicial System

• Judiciary Act of 1789= created a Supreme Court and federal circuit and district courts

• New system allowed state courts decisions to be appealed to a federal court when they were considered unconstitutional

Thomas Jefferson= sec. of state

Alexander Hamilton= sec. of treasury

Henry Knox= sec. of war

What Should WE DO?

2 Answers to Government

Hamilton Jefferson

Economy should be based on ______________

INDUSTRY AGRICULTURE

National Bank FOR AGAINST

Who should be involved in gov?

WEALTHY & EDUCATED COMMON PEOPLE

Tariffs (taxes) HIGH TARRIFS to PROTECT US INDUSTRIES

LOW TARIFFS to KEEP PRICES LOW

Federal government should be ___________

STRONG (Federalist Party) LIMITED (Democratic-Republic Party)

Interpretation of the Constitution

LOOSE (“elastic clause”) STRICT

Hamilton’s Economic Plan

• Hamilton= Secretary of State

• Hamilton’s Job= put the nation’s economy back on track• What Hamilton Did???

• Called on nation to pay off its debts (gained during Revolution)

• Proposed national bank- would issue paper money and handle taxes and other government funds

• Opponents like James Madison, said a national bank was not in the Constitution

2 Party System= political system dominated by 2 major political parties

•Agreed with Hamilton

•Strong Central Gov.

•Mostly Northerners•Called

FEDERALISTS

•Agreed with Jefferson

•Strong State Gov.•Mostly Southerners

•Called DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICAN

Whiskey Rebellion

• Why did it happen? TAXES• 1. Protective Tariff=import tax on goods produced

abroad (meant to encourage American production)• 2. Excise tax= tax on a product’s manufacture, sale or

distribution- put on whiskey

Whiskey Rebellion

• 1794

• Whiskey producers in Pennsylvania refused to pay tax and attacked the tax collectors

• Federal Gov responded by sending 13,000 militiamen to end the conflict

• EXAMPLE OF: tension between Federal and State Govs

• FIRSTS: first use of armed force to assert federal authority

Whiskey Rebellion Clip

Challenges: Home and Abroad

• Challenge #1: Foreign Affairs & France• French Revolution led to ending the French

monarchy

• France was engaged in a way with Great Britain

• 2 Political Parties disagreed with how to handle it

• Washington declared NEUTRALITY• Challenge #2: Foreign Affairs with Spain

• Treaty with Spain (Pinckney’s Treaty)= Spain gave up land east of the Mississippi, except for Florida. Open trade along rivers (Mississippi) and ports (New Orleans)

Challenges in the Northwest

• On US borders there were still British forts and Native Americans

• Battle of Fallen Timbers= near Toledo, Ohio, victory over Native Americans and gave the Americans supremacy in the region

Jay’s Treaty

• John Jay= chief justice of Supreme Court

• When the British heard of the Battle of Fallen Timbers, they backed out (didn’t want to fight US and French)

• Jay’s Treaty= British removed troops, peace treaty between US and GB, limited trade relations, set up borders

OVER THE WHOLE

Adams Tries to Avoid War (with France)

• What happened?• French government regarded a US treaty with

the British as a violation of the French-American alliance

• Retaliation= seized American ships bound for Britain

• Delegates (named “X” “Y” and “Z”) were sent to talk to the foreign minister of France

• French foreign minister demanded $250,000 to see him

• Results: • Americans were outraged at the X,Y,Z

Affair• Federalists wanted war, but Adams used

diplomacy and smoothed things out

Alien & Sedition Acts

• Some of the President’s most vocal critics were foreign-born immigrants• = raised the residence

requirement for American citizenship from 5 years to 14 years.

• = Allowed the president to deport or jail any alien considered undesirable.

• = set fines and jail terms for anyone who spoke against the government

Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions

• Madison and Jefferson didn’t like the Alien and Sedition Acts so they decided to oppose by appealing to the states

• NULLIFICATION= states have the right to nullify, or consider void, any act of Congress they deem as unconstitutional

• Only Virginia and Kentucky nullified.