lattice pressure vessel lpv...prismatic pressure vessel for lng storage. lpv technology was already...

Lattice Pressure Vessel (LPV)The World’s First Scalable Prismatic Pressure Vessel

Certified by KR, ABS, ABS Consulting, DNV-GL, LR and BV

SECTION 1INNOVATION08 Backgrounds of Development

09 Representative Models

10 Advantages

10 NO, LESS and MORE

11 Comparison with Other Tanks

12 Main Features

15 Prototype Tanks

15 Approval and Certification

SECTION 2VALUE CREATION18 Economics of LPV

SECTION 3LIMITLESS22 Application Areas

24 Application Cases for LNG-Fueled Ships

28 Application Cases for Gas Carriers

30 Application Cases for Offshore Installations

32 Application Cases for Land Facilities

CONTENTS

LATTICE Technology provides economic and reliable solutions to store, handle, and use eco-friendly LNG.

Business Model

Core Technologies

Design Package Patent License Products

License & Engineering Fee

PurchaseExpense Customers

Large Seabed Tank

BOG SprayRecondenser

Others Pile-guided Floater

Pump-free Booster

First target forcommercialization

· LNG fuel tanks· Cargo tanks for LNG, LPG Refrigenrant, Hydrogen, CO2

· LNG fuel gas supply system (FGSS)

for large vessels

· Subsea crude oil and gas storage tank

· Mooring system for Large floaters / offshore terminals

· BOG (Boil-off Gas) recondens

Lattice PressureVessel (LPV)

Licensees

+Production Design +Fabrication +Integration

Company Overview

LATTICE Technology (LT), a technology and knowledge-based company founded in 2012 in collaboration with KAIST, has been developing several new technologies that provide unique and simple solutions to global LNG infrastructure from LNG storage to mega floater positioning.

LT is pleased and proud to present its proprietary Lattice Pressure Vessel (LPV), the world’s first prismatic pressure vessel for LNG storage. LPV technology was already granted approval from classification societies (KR, ABS, DNV GL, LR and BV), and demonstrated successfully by four proto-type tanks. After signing a license agreement with Hyundai Heavy Industries in Feb. 2016 and closely collaborating with other qualified tank fabricators and engineering companies, LPV is now vigorously reaching out into the global markets as both LNG fuel tanks and cargo tanks.

Technical and Business Development History of LPV

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

· Original patents of LPV by KAIST· KAIST’s LPV Team launched· X-beam LPV developed

· Joint-development project by POSCO and KAIST· LPV with parallel plates (LPV-PP) developed· LATTICE Technology founded

· Approval-In-Principle of LPV-PP (9% Ni steel, 6 barg, 5,000 m3) from KR and ABS· Prototype Tank 1 with (Carbon steel, 10 barg, 80 m3) ordered

· ASME U2 Stamp on Prototype Tank 1 from ABS Consulting· Public demonstration of Prototype Tank 1· LPV with cross frame (LPV-CF) developed

· Design Approval of Prototype Tank 2 (High-Mn steel, 10 barg, 50 m3) from KR· Approval-In-Principle of LPV-PP (9% Ni steel, 6 barg, 5,000 m3) from DNV-GL· Promotion in Kormarine (Busan) and Gastech 2015 (Singapore)

· License Agreement signed with HHI and to be signed with other reliable fabricators· Approval-In-Principle of LPV-PP (9% Ni steel, 6 barg, 5,000 m3) from LR and BV

SECTION 1

LPV OVERVIEW

SECTION 1 INNOVATION

Backgrounds of Development

Lattice Pressure Vessel (LPV) has been planned and developed with the ultimate goal of providing a solution for prismatic pressure vessels which fully combine the space efficiency of the prismatic shape of non-pressure tanks with the load-carrying capability of cylindrical pressure vessels.

Common Misunderstandings and Truths of LPV

Misunderstandings Truths

Prismatic LPV cannot bear pressure?No. The smartly designed internal lattice structure enables LPV to carry internal pressure load very effectively.

LPV is Type B tank since it is prismatic in shape?

No. LPV is a Type C (or Type C-equivalent) tank with design pressure beyond 20 barg and fatigue life greater than 300 years.

LPV is much heavier than a cylindrical tank?

No. Round Wall LPV (RW-LPV) is as light as a cylinder or a bi-lobe tanks with much large volume efficiency.

The internal structure could significantly reduce the internal space available for fluid?

No. The volume fraction of the internal structure is less 2% since the main internal structure parts are about 10 mm thick with spacing larger than 3m.

LPV is extremely difficult to fabricate?No. Four prototype tanks have already been fabricated without any practical difficulty and passed tests successfully.

Due to increase in shell thickness proportional to volume, LPV is not highly scalable?

No. The shell thickness of LPV remains constant and independent of volume for a given design pressure, consequently, it is fully scalable without size limit.

The cross section of LPV must be square?

No. Unlike cylinders the aspect ratio in three dimensions of LPV are free to change. Moreover, the cross section can be polygonal.

There must be a lot of stiffeners outside the shell of LPV?

No. Stiffeners are placed on the inner side of the shell with sufficient spacing for welding work; hence the stiffeners do not require additional space.

LPV is structurally unstable and vulnerable to fatigue / distortion?

No. The lattice structure provides structural redundancy and mitigates dynamic loads, making LPV extremely stable and strong against fatigue and crack propagation.

Construction material for the LPV is limited.

No. The choice of material is freely a matter of application and economics; alternative materials are available for cryogenic applications as well as others.

08 09-LATTICE TECHNOLOGY

Representative Models

The Flat Wall LPV (FW-LPV) guarantees the maximum volume efficiency with the small corner radius. As the corner radius increase, both the volume efficiency and weight decrease, and the LPV evolves into the Round Corner LPV (RC-LPV) and finally becomes the Round Wall LPV (RW-LPV) whose corner diameter is equal to its height. The RW-LPV is as light as cylinder’s or bi-lobe tanks.

Representative Models

FW-LPV(Flat Wall LPV)

RC-LPV(Round Corner LPV)

RW-LPV(Round Wall LPV)

Schematic view

IMO Type Type C Ditto Ditto

Design pressure 2.0 ~ 20.0 barg Ditto Ditto

Unit volume 5 ~ 40,000 m3 / tank Ditto Ditto

Volume efficiency 0.94 ~ 0.97 0.89 ~ 0.93 0.82 ~ 0.90

Weight (Cost) Reference 0.7 ~ 0.8 of FW-LPV 0.4 ~ 0.6 of FW-LPV

Relative advantages Higher Volume Efficiency Lower Cost


Advantages

NO, LESS and MORE

LPV can completely remove the parts required for non-pressure vessels, can minimize the parts required for any storage tanks, and can maximize the benefit and profits for the clients.

NO LESS MORE

· BOG compression system· Secondary barrier· Hull insulation· Risk of Leakage and sloshing· Limit on size and pressure· Limit on aspect ratio or shape· Gas combustion unit · Gas detection system · Heated cofferdam

· Installation space· Piping and instruments· Surface area· Operational complexity· Design change for retrofitting

· Cargo space· Operational convenience· Ship design flexibility· Benefits and profits

· No risk of leakage & sloshing· Long fatigue life (>> 250 years)· Structural redundancy (shell as last part to yield)· No concern on BOG handling (No BOG return even during bunkering)

High Safety

· High volume efficiency to increase the cargo space · Perfect space-fitness leading to flexible ship design

· Minimized ship modification for conversion projects · Parallel fabrication of LPV with hull

Low Opportunity Cost

· Type C with no need of additional systems -Tank : Pump tower, N2 circulation, Gas detection system, Secondary barrier -Cargo hold space : Cofferdam -BOG system : BOG compression or Reliquefaction Gas combustion unit

· RW-LPV as light as cylinders or bi-lobe tanks· Simple tank insulation without hull protective insulation

· No BOG loss more than 15 days· No BOG return during Bunkering (Time saved, independent of port bunkering facilities)· Minimized systems and maintenance cost

Low CAPEX

Low OPEX

Lattice PressureVessels


Comparison with Other Tanks

LPV is beyond the combined advantages of the conventional storage technologies.

Advantages

ItemCylindrical Pressure Vessel (Type C)

Prismatic Non-Pressure Vessel (Type B or Membrane)

Lattice Pressure Vessel (Type C - equivalent)

Design pressure No limit 0.7 barg No limit

BOG handling Not required Required Not required

Maximum volume Limited No limit No limit

Volume efficiencyAbout 0.7 for one cylinder < 0.4 for multiple cylinders

> 0.95 > 0.95

Aspect ratio Fixed Free Free

Thickness with size Linearly increasing Slightly increasing Invariant

Tank insulation Simple Complicated Simple

Secondary barrier Not required Required Not required

Hull insulation Not required Required Not required

Robustness to sloshingStrong (Internal baffles)

Type B : StrongMembrane : Weak

Very Strong(Internal lattice structure)

ProductivityHigh (Simple geometry)

LowHigh(Repeated structure)

Ship design Restricted Slightly flexible Highly flexible


Main Features

1. Internal lattice structure

· Bearing and balancing load exerted by pressure

· Consisting of beams, plates, or their combination with structural redundancy

· Virtually no sloshing and buckling problems

2. Free scale-up in each direction

· Adding repeated units

· Constant thickness in spite of volume increase


3. Variety in feasible shapes

· Tall or flat tanks by controlling the number of repeated units

· Special internal structure for extreme shapes

· Fit to the provided space with high volume efficiency

LNG fuel hull tank for small ships

Cost efficient cargo tank

Volume efficient cargo tank

General-purpose tank Deck / Hull tank

LNG fuel hull tank for cruise ships

Bow cargo tank

LNG fuel hull tank for large container carriers

LNG fuel tank for small container carrier


4. Material

· LNG: Aluminum, 9% nickel steel, 7% nickel steel, stainless steel or high manganese steel

· LPG: Low temperature steel

· CNG or Steam: Carbon steel

5. Insulation

· Smooth surface easy to insulate

· Spray PUF, Panel PUF or Vacuum

6. Support

· Similar to conventional Type A tanks

· Provisions for gravity, ship motion, and accidental loads


Prototype Tanks

Prototype tank Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ IV

Design pressure, barg 9.5 10.0 10.0 5.0

Hydraulic test pressure, barg 15.0 15.0 15.0 7.5

Dimension, H (m) x W (m) x L (m) 4 ×

4 × 5 2.2 × 2 × 11.8 1.8 × 3.6 × 3.6 1.8 x 3.6 x 3.6

Volume, m3 80 50 22 22

Material SA-516HighManganese

SA-240High Manganese

Target fluid Water for test LNG LNG LNG

Certificate ASME U2Design approvalfrom KR

ASME U2(Consent Letterfrom ABSC)

Design approvalfrom KR

Approval and Certification

The LPV fuel tank (5,000 m3, 6.0 barg) has been granted AIP (Approval in Principal) from KR, ABS, DNV-GL, LR and BV.

· KR: DJN03266-AIP-CD003

· ABS: OPN2973717-AIP

· DNV-GL: MCANO875 / MAGLI / P20599-J-2

· LR: HPC1530316 / 13884-16 / TH

· BV: SAFE / 16 / 01054 rev.01

SECTION 2

VALUES OF LPV

Economics of LPV

LPV as a free-shape scalable one-tank solution with pressure-holding capability provides a perfect solution to all the measures in the gray rectangle except for the Tank CAPEX which depends on the number of cylinders or bi-lobe tanks required. The guideline is

· One cylinder is cheaper than bi-lobe tank, RW-LPV and FW-LPV.

· One RW-LPV is as cheap as one bi-lobe tank for one-tank case.

· Both one RW-LPV and FW-LPV are much cheaper than Multiple cylinders or bi-lobe tanks.

Note that the comparison is about the tank cost, not about the total cost of ownership; the FW-LPV is much more volume-efficient, and this value is not taken into account.

SECTION 2 VALUE CREATION

Cheaper?

LPV provides the best

solutions to all these measures

CAPEX

Opportunity cost

OPEX

Total cost of ownership

Tank CAPEX

Piping & Instrument

Secondary barrier

Hull insulation

BOG handling system

BOG loss

Operational convenience

Space saving

Flexible ship design(visibility, stability, etc.)


The conclusion is that LPV shall provide the minimum total cost of ownership.

· When the installation space is valuable.

· When required cylinders are two or more though the installation space is not valuable.

Comparison of Tank CAPEX with Same Volume: One tank case(The value of volume efficiency is not taken into account.)

Comparison of Tank CAPEX with Same Volume: Multiple tank case(The value of volume efficiency is not taken into account.)

FW-LPVCylinder tank

Cylinder tanks

Bi-lobe tanks

FW-LPV RW-LPV

Bi-lobe tank

RW-LPV

SECTION 3

APPLICATION AREAS

Lattice Pressure Vessel (LPV) provides economic, reliable, and flexible storage solutions to all value chain of LNG production, storage, and transportation.

SECTION 3 LIMITLESS

Application Areas

LPV is a truly versatile containment technology that can be applied to the entire supply chain of LNG and other gas infrastructures from production, storage to transportation.

Supply chain Facility Application

Upstream LNG productionLNG plantLNG FPSO

Land and offshore storage tanks

Midstream

Marine transportation

LNG carrier Cargo tanks

LNG terminalLand LNG terminalFSRU

Land storage tanksCargo tanks

Downstream

Local distribution Small LNG carrier Cargo tanks

Land transportation

LocomotiveTruck

Container-size tanks

End UseLand storage for end-user

LNG storage Land storage tanks


Category Products

Small and large ships · LNG fuel tanks

LNG storage

· Cargo tanks for LNG bunkering shuttles

· Cargo tanks for LNGC, LNG-BT, FSRU and FLNG

· Cargo tanks for high-pressure LNG carriers

Liquefied gas storage(LPG, NGL, Refrigerant, etc.)

· Cargo tanks for gas carriers

· Storage tanks for LPG production plants

· Refrigerant storage tanks for FLNG

· Storage tanks for onshore LPG receiving terminals

· Small to medium-size LPG storage for remote areas

CO2 storage· Cargo tanks for CCS CO2 carriers

· Storage tanks for CCS CO2 liquefaction plants

Onshore storage

· Storage tanks for LNG production plants and receiving terminals

· Storage tanks for LNG stations

· Container-size tanks for LNG transport by trailers and trains

· Other land-based liquefied gas storage tanks

SECTION 3 LIMITLESS

Application Cases for LNG-Fueled Ships

Tug boats

Category Type Cylinders (C) LPV (L) L/C

Fuel tanks

Installation space(L x B x H, m)

2.8 x (2.2 & 2.9) x 1.5 Ditto 1.0

Volume of unit tank (m3 / tank)

4 10 2.5

No. of tanks 1 1 1

Other comparison measures Instrument and piping 1 1 1


Aframax crude carrier

Type Cylinders ( C ) LPV (L) L/C

Fluid volume (m3) 4,222 5,184 1.2

Installation volume (m3, L x W x H) 10,368 (48 x 36 x 6) 5,184 (12 x 36 x 12) 0.5

No. of tanks 8 1 0.1

Instrument and piping 8 1 0.1

SECTION 3 LIMITLESS

13,000 TEU container carrier

Type Cylinder (Type C) Type B LPV (Type C)

Fluid Volume (m3) 15,870 15,120 15,120

Installation Volume (m3) 50,046 15,998 15,998

Volume efficiency (%) 32 95 95

No. of tanks 15 1 1

No. of lost containers 1,317 421 421

BOG compression system

Not required Required Not required

BOG loss None Intermittent at low load None

Insulation for tank Simple Complicated Simple

Secondary barrier Not required Required Not required

Insulation for hull Not required Required Not required

ProductivityHigh(Simple geometry)

LowHigh(Repeated structure)


Cruise ships

Category Type Cylinder (C) RW-LPV (L) L/C

Fuel tanks

Installation space(L x B x H, m)

20.0 x 18.0 x 2.5 Ditto 1.0

Tank dimension (m) 0.95(R) x 17 (L) 18.6(L) x 17(B) x 1.9(H)

Volume of unit tank (m3 / tank)

47 562 12

No. of tanks 6 1 1/6

Other comparison measures

Instrument and piping 6 1 1/6

Total capacity (m3 / all tanks)

282 562 2.0

SECTION 3 LIMITLESS

LNG Bunkering shuttles

Category Item UnitLNG BS With Bi-lobe tanks

LNG BS With RW-LPV

LNG BS With FW-LPV

ShipLength m 100.0 Ditto Ditto

Breadth m 20.0 Ditto Ditto

Cargotank

Type Type C Ditto Ditto

Design pressure barg 3.4 Ditto Ditto

Volume of two tanks m3 5,000 6,000 (↑20%) 7,000 (↑40%)

Volume (m3)

17,000

22,000

Application Cases for Gas Carriers

Pressurized LNG & Ethylene carriers (17K)

LPV

Bi-lobe


Small-scale Gas Carriers

Category Item UnitLNG Carrier WithMembrane tanks

LNG Carrier WithFW + RW-LPV

ShipLength O.A. m 100.0 Ditto

Breadth m 20.0 Ditto

Cargotanks

Type Membrane Type C

Design pressure barg 0.7 3.0 (↑430%)

Volume of three tanks m3 40,000 36,000 (↓10%)

Othercomparisonmeasures

Inner hullSecondary barrierGas detection systemHeated cofferdamPump towerBOG handling

Required Not required

Sloshing risk Probable No risk

SECTION 3 LIMITLESS

Application Cases for Offshore Installations

Floating Storage and Regasification Unit (FSRU)

Category Item UnitFSRU With Membrane tanks

FSRU With Bi-lobe Tanks

FSRU WithRW-LPV

ShipLength O.A. m 100.0 Ditto Ditto

Breadth m 20.0 Ditto Ditto

Cargotanks

Type Membrane Type C Ditto

Design pressure barg 0.7 3.0 (↑430%) Ditto

Volume of two tanks m3 30,000 21,800 (↓27%) 27,300 (↓9%)

Othercomparisonmeasures

Inner hullSecondary barrierGas detection systemHeated cofferdamPump towerBOG handling

Required Not required Not required

Sloshing risk Probable No risk No risk


Barge-Mounted Power Plant

Category Item Unit Cylinder RW-LPV

Bargo

Length O.A. m 150.0 120.0 (↓20%)

Breadth m 35.0 Ditto

Total Output MW 150 Ditto

Cargotanks

No of tanks 6 2 (↓1/3)

Type Type C Ditto

Design pressure barg 3 Ditto

Tank dimension m3 6.0 (R) x 26.1 (L) 30 (B) x 26 (L) x 12 (H)

Volume of all tanks m3 15,000 (6 x 2,500 m3) 15,000 (2 x 7,500 m3)

SECTION 3 LIMITLESS

Application Cases for Land Facilities

Fuel tank for locomotives

2EA

Volume (m3) No. of Tanks

5

10 1EA

Cylindrical

LPV


Land-based storage tanks

Category Item Unit Flat-Bottom Tank RW-LPV

Storagetanks

Type Non-pressure tank Pressure tank

Design pressure barg 0.7 2.0 (↑280%)

BOG holding time from 0 barg

day 3 30

Volume m3 20,000 20,000

OtherComparisonmeasures

BOG return during loading operation

BOG venting duringnormal operation

Required Not required

LATTICE Technology will contribute to the mutual growth with its partners by supplying innovations beginning with Lattice Pressure Vessel (LPV) that will turn out a game changer in the LNG industry.

Room No. 3101, Energy & Environment Research Center (N28), KAIST,291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Koreat +82-42-864-1514 | f +82-42-867-1514 | e tech-info@lattice-technology.comwww.lattice-technology.comCopyright © 2015. LATTICE Technology. All Rights Reserved.

lattice pressure vessel lpv...prismatic pressure vessel for lng storage. lpv technology was already...

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