Latin II/IIIWeek 4

Relative Pronouns

used to relate to/ refer to some preceding word (antecedent)

the relative pronoun must agree with the antecedent in gender and number, but it takes the case for the clause it is used in.

English relative pronouns are expressed by: who, which, what, and that

Relative Clauses

The use of relative pronouns is to usually combine 2 related sentences. ex) I watched the rugby game. The rugby game was on the

TV. >>>>>> I watched the rugby game that was on the TV.

In the one sentence you get a main sentence and a relative clause

practice

ex) Est regina quae in Africa habitavit. She is the queen who lived in Africa.

quae is feminine singular to agree with its antecedent regina, but quae is nominative since it is the subject of habitavit.

Declension of Relative Pronoun

m. f. n. m. f n.

nom quī quae quod quī quae quae

gen cuius cuius cuius quōrum quarum quōrum

dat cuī cuī cuī quibus quibus quibus

acc quem quam quod quōs quās quōs

abl quō quā quō quibus quibus quibus

Singular plural

quī, quae, quod - who, which

ipse, ipsa, ipsum - himself, herself, itself

m. f. n. m. f n.

nom ipse ipsa ipsum ipsī ipsae ipsa

gen ipsius ipsius ipsius ipsōrum ipsārum ipsōrum

dat ipsī ipsī ipsī ipsīs ipsīs ipsīs

acc ipsum ipsam ipsum ipsōs ipsās ipsa

abl ipsō ipsā ipsō ipsīs ipsīs ipsīs

Singular plural

intensive adjective (can also be used as pronouns)

Ablative of Accompaniment

When relative pronoun is used with cum, it is attached to the end of the pronoun

ex) Vir quocum ambulabam erat altus. The man with whom I was walking was tall.

Vocab

qui, quae, quod - who, which, that lux, lucis f. – light do, dare, dedi, datus – to give inter (+acc) – between, among

Colosseum

http://www.history.com/videos/coliseum-deconstructed#coliseum-deconstructed

Colosseum

originally called the Flavian Amphitheatre, after the Flavian dynasty of Emperors including Vespasian, Titus and Domitian.

Built for the Roman citizens, entrance to the games were free

Used to please the citizens and keep them entertained the area covers 6 acres, less than 10 years to build. (72 -

80CE)

Games/Events

Gladiator fights, recreations of famous battles (land and sea), etc.

There were over 20 different types of Gladiators The wild and exotic animals which included lions, tigers,

hyenas, hippos, rhino's, crocodiles, ostriches, antelopes, bears and zebras

An estimated 700,000 people died in the bloody arena.

A Retractable Awning called the Velarium provided cover and shade. Brackets supported 240 wooden masts on which canvas awnings were hung.

Translate

Ludos et pompas populus Romanus magno studio spectabat. In Italia, in Africa, in Gallia conservantur theatra et amphitheatra Romanorum, in quibus ludi etiam nunc habentur. Natura virorum varia est sed pauci ludos non amant.

Captivi et servi mali quos domini in amphitheatrum miserant in media arena pugnare cogebantur. Populus Romanus studium ludorum numquam intermisit. Multa captivi cum magno animo pugnabant et libertatem obtinebant. Multi mali viri etiam pro vita pugnabant et poenam in arena sustinebant.