latin ii. numina- spirits or divinities who controlled all things in the roman world fire, weather,...
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Latin II
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numina- spirits or divinities who controlled all things in the Roman worldfire, weather, seasons
Give gifts to ensure numina use powers for good, not harm
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promises of gifts, offerings or sacrifices made to ensure the god would grant a wish or favor
How you communicated wishes to gods
Had to be tangible
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I give so that you might give
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1. Public ceremony, sacrifice before army went to war
2. Go to forum before business deal, safe voyage, birth of child
3. In your home- make offerings to Vesta or lares/penates
4. After the fact- make sacrifice to thank gods for granting a wish
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attempts to discover the futurehow to tell what the gods were trying to say
to you
omen/omina- warnings or omens from the gods
Many types of divinationMyromancy- behavior of antsCleromancy- rolling diceMyomancy- studying behavior of mice
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predicting future events/outcome of events by observing animal sacrifices and examining the liver
predicting the future from the flight patterns of birds
augury
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Capitoline Triad- Jupiter, Juno, Minerva
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-do ut des on a larger scale-if father looks after his family by praying to the gods, government officials must look out for the prosperity of the empire-Government officials were
also priests and had tocarry out sacrifices
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-onlookers must be silent-correct type of animal-every word pronounced correctly-no one can trip, stumble, forget a step-animal must be willing!
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-if rules broken- Gods angry and the entire ceremony done over!
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-captured peoples allowed to keep own gods if they would also worship Roman ones-Romans were generally tolerant (except Christians)-locals encouraged to link Roman and native gods
WHY?
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Originates in East- Syria, Egypt, Asia Minor
genius- protecting spirit of the emperor
WHY?
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Væ, puto deus fio
-the act of becoming a god
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As long as you took part in state religion, free to worship any other gods/participate in any other religion
People did not see a contradiction, since there was no personal relationship with Roman gods
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astrology- belief that events in a person’s life were controlled by the stars
you can predict the future by studying the positions and movements of the stars
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offered hope of life after deathoffered followers a one-on-one
relationship with the divinity
Isis Mithras Cybele