lateral squeeze · 2013-08-06 · • squeeze is usually a long-term problem • limited...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Lateral Squeeze · 2013-08-06 · • Squeeze is Usually a Long-Term Problem • Limited Information, But Some Good Resources Available • Instrumentation Assists in Analyzing Squeeze](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42cb8da3a6fd3ace336d2a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Lateral Squeeze
JOSEPH D. CARTE, P.E. WVDOT
Geohazards 2013
![Page 2: Lateral Squeeze · 2013-08-06 · • Squeeze is Usually a Long-Term Problem • Limited Information, But Some Good Resources Available • Instrumentation Assists in Analyzing Squeeze](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42cb8da3a6fd3ace336d2a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Various Modes of Failure
![Page 3: Lateral Squeeze · 2013-08-06 · • Squeeze is Usually a Long-Term Problem • Limited Information, But Some Good Resources Available • Instrumentation Assists in Analyzing Squeeze](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42cb8da3a6fd3ace336d2a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Combination of Failures
![Page 4: Lateral Squeeze · 2013-08-06 · • Squeeze is Usually a Long-Term Problem • Limited Information, But Some Good Resources Available • Instrumentation Assists in Analyzing Squeeze](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42cb8da3a6fd3ace336d2a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Lateral Squeeze
What is Lateral Squeeze?
![Page 5: Lateral Squeeze · 2013-08-06 · • Squeeze is Usually a Long-Term Problem • Limited Information, But Some Good Resources Available • Instrumentation Assists in Analyzing Squeeze](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42cb8da3a6fd3ace336d2a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Lateral Squeeze
![Page 6: Lateral Squeeze · 2013-08-06 · • Squeeze is Usually a Long-Term Problem • Limited Information, But Some Good Resources Available • Instrumentation Assists in Analyzing Squeeze](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42cb8da3a6fd3ace336d2a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Lateral Squeeze
![Page 7: Lateral Squeeze · 2013-08-06 · • Squeeze is Usually a Long-Term Problem • Limited Information, But Some Good Resources Available • Instrumentation Assists in Analyzing Squeeze](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42cb8da3a6fd3ace336d2a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Lateral Squeeze
This is an extensive report on
the subject
![Page 8: Lateral Squeeze · 2013-08-06 · • Squeeze is Usually a Long-Term Problem • Limited Information, But Some Good Resources Available • Instrumentation Assists in Analyzing Squeeze](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42cb8da3a6fd3ace336d2a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Lateral Squeeze In Sandford’s Report he cites other authors and case histories. In particular he cites LaCroix and Tschebotarioff (1972):
• The thicker the clay layer the grater the movement • Movement greatest for stress > 4X undrained strength • Most bridge abutments had stabilized in 15 years although one was still
moving after 20 years
Citing Vanikar (1986) : • Movement will occur when embankment stress > 3X the undrained strength
of clay Citing Tavenas et al. (1979): • Movement at toe for normally consolidated clay is 1X the settlement for
undrained loading and 0.16X the settlement for consolidation. • For overconsolidation portion of settlement about 0.16X the settlement
![Page 9: Lateral Squeeze · 2013-08-06 · • Squeeze is Usually a Long-Term Problem • Limited Information, But Some Good Resources Available • Instrumentation Assists in Analyzing Squeeze](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42cb8da3a6fd3ace336d2a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Lateral Squeeze
This is Another
Good Reference
Dated 2009
![Page 10: Lateral Squeeze · 2013-08-06 · • Squeeze is Usually a Long-Term Problem • Limited Information, But Some Good Resources Available • Instrumentation Assists in Analyzing Squeeze](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42cb8da3a6fd3ace336d2a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Lateral Squeeze
Interesting Model of Squeeze
![Page 11: Lateral Squeeze · 2013-08-06 · • Squeeze is Usually a Long-Term Problem • Limited Information, But Some Good Resources Available • Instrumentation Assists in Analyzing Squeeze](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42cb8da3a6fd3ace336d2a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Lateral Squeeze
![Page 12: Lateral Squeeze · 2013-08-06 · • Squeeze is Usually a Long-Term Problem • Limited Information, But Some Good Resources Available • Instrumentation Assists in Analyzing Squeeze](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42cb8da3a6fd3ace336d2a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Lateral Squeeze THRESHOLD EQUATION
(per FHWA Publication No. HI 97-013)
Embankment load should not exceed 3 times the undrained shear
strength of the foundation soils
ϒf*H > 3*cu = 5.56 NOT OK
FACTOR OF SAFETY
EQUATION
(per FHWA NHI-10-025 MSE Walls and RSS - Vol II)
FSsqueezing = (2*Cu/ϒf*Ds*tanϴ) + (4.14*Cu/H*ϒf)
FSsqueezing ≥ 1.3 CAUTION ≤ 2.0 OK
ϴ = 26.6 degrees
ϒf = 125 pcf
H = 60 feet of embankment
Ds = 25 feet of soft soil
Cu = 450 psf
FSsqueezing = 0.82 NOT OK
![Page 13: Lateral Squeeze · 2013-08-06 · • Squeeze is Usually a Long-Term Problem • Limited Information, But Some Good Resources Available • Instrumentation Assists in Analyzing Squeeze](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42cb8da3a6fd3ace336d2a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Design Solutions Reduce Settlement • Reduce Height • Lightweight Fill Increase Resistance • Reinforce Soil • Staged Construction • Wick Drains • Stone Columns/Deep Foundations • Remove/Replace Soft Soil • Flatten Slope
![Page 14: Lateral Squeeze · 2013-08-06 · • Squeeze is Usually a Long-Term Problem • Limited Information, But Some Good Resources Available • Instrumentation Assists in Analyzing Squeeze](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42cb8da3a6fd3ace336d2a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Our Problem
60 Feet of Fill
![Page 15: Lateral Squeeze · 2013-08-06 · • Squeeze is Usually a Long-Term Problem • Limited Information, But Some Good Resources Available • Instrumentation Assists in Analyzing Squeeze](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42cb8da3a6fd3ace336d2a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Geohazards 2013
Our
Problem
Pier Deflected Approx. 4”
at top
And Approx.
1.5” at the Bottom in Nov. 2011.
![Page 16: Lateral Squeeze · 2013-08-06 · • Squeeze is Usually a Long-Term Problem • Limited Information, But Some Good Resources Available • Instrumentation Assists in Analyzing Squeeze](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42cb8da3a6fd3ace336d2a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Our Problem Several Inches of Ground loss Beneath the Abutment
![Page 17: Lateral Squeeze · 2013-08-06 · • Squeeze is Usually a Long-Term Problem • Limited Information, But Some Good Resources Available • Instrumentation Assists in Analyzing Squeeze](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42cb8da3a6fd3ace336d2a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Our Problem Down-drag On Piling
![Page 18: Lateral Squeeze · 2013-08-06 · • Squeeze is Usually a Long-Term Problem • Limited Information, But Some Good Resources Available • Instrumentation Assists in Analyzing Squeeze](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42cb8da3a6fd3ace336d2a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Our Solution
10” Diameter
Relief Holes 30’
Deep
![Page 19: Lateral Squeeze · 2013-08-06 · • Squeeze is Usually a Long-Term Problem • Limited Information, But Some Good Resources Available • Instrumentation Assists in Analyzing Squeeze](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42cb8da3a6fd3ace336d2a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Our Solution
![Page 20: Lateral Squeeze · 2013-08-06 · • Squeeze is Usually a Long-Term Problem • Limited Information, But Some Good Resources Available • Instrumentation Assists in Analyzing Squeeze](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42cb8da3a6fd3ace336d2a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Wick Drains Helped
![Page 21: Lateral Squeeze · 2013-08-06 · • Squeeze is Usually a Long-Term Problem • Limited Information, But Some Good Resources Available • Instrumentation Assists in Analyzing Squeeze](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42cb8da3a6fd3ace336d2a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Monitoring
![Page 22: Lateral Squeeze · 2013-08-06 · • Squeeze is Usually a Long-Term Problem • Limited Information, But Some Good Resources Available • Instrumentation Assists in Analyzing Squeeze](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42cb8da3a6fd3ace336d2a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Inclinometer Results For SI-1
![Page 23: Lateral Squeeze · 2013-08-06 · • Squeeze is Usually a Long-Term Problem • Limited Information, But Some Good Resources Available • Instrumentation Assists in Analyzing Squeeze](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42cb8da3a6fd3ace336d2a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Monitoring SI-2
![Page 24: Lateral Squeeze · 2013-08-06 · • Squeeze is Usually a Long-Term Problem • Limited Information, But Some Good Resources Available • Instrumentation Assists in Analyzing Squeeze](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42cb8da3a6fd3ace336d2a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Inclinometer Results For SI-2
![Page 25: Lateral Squeeze · 2013-08-06 · • Squeeze is Usually a Long-Term Problem • Limited Information, But Some Good Resources Available • Instrumentation Assists in Analyzing Squeeze](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42cb8da3a6fd3ace336d2a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Monitoring SI-3
![Page 26: Lateral Squeeze · 2013-08-06 · • Squeeze is Usually a Long-Term Problem • Limited Information, But Some Good Resources Available • Instrumentation Assists in Analyzing Squeeze](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42cb8da3a6fd3ace336d2a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Inclinometer Results For SI-3
![Page 27: Lateral Squeeze · 2013-08-06 · • Squeeze is Usually a Long-Term Problem • Limited Information, But Some Good Resources Available • Instrumentation Assists in Analyzing Squeeze](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42cb8da3a6fd3ace336d2a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
LPile Back Analysis
![Page 28: Lateral Squeeze · 2013-08-06 · • Squeeze is Usually a Long-Term Problem • Limited Information, But Some Good Resources Available • Instrumentation Assists in Analyzing Squeeze](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42cb8da3a6fd3ace336d2a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
LPile Back Analysis
The Peak Movement at the Pier
Due to Undrained Squeeze is Estimated
to be 1.35”
![Page 29: Lateral Squeeze · 2013-08-06 · • Squeeze is Usually a Long-Term Problem • Limited Information, But Some Good Resources Available • Instrumentation Assists in Analyzing Squeeze](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42cb8da3a6fd3ace336d2a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
LPile Back Analysis
![Page 30: Lateral Squeeze · 2013-08-06 · • Squeeze is Usually a Long-Term Problem • Limited Information, But Some Good Resources Available • Instrumentation Assists in Analyzing Squeeze](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42cb8da3a6fd3ace336d2a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
LPile Back Analysis
The Peak load
Equates to a peak
stress of 28.8 ksf in
the soil
![Page 31: Lateral Squeeze · 2013-08-06 · • Squeeze is Usually a Long-Term Problem • Limited Information, But Some Good Resources Available • Instrumentation Assists in Analyzing Squeeze](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42cb8da3a6fd3ace336d2a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
LPile Back Analysis
![Page 32: Lateral Squeeze · 2013-08-06 · • Squeeze is Usually a Long-Term Problem • Limited Information, But Some Good Resources Available • Instrumentation Assists in Analyzing Squeeze](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42cb8da3a6fd3ace336d2a/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Summary • Check for Lateral Squeeze on Embankments Fills
Greater than 10‘ on Soft Soils Next to Structures • Design Measures to Avoid the Movement in the
First Place • Design Measures to Minimize the Effects of
Displacement • Squeeze is Usually a Long-Term Problem • Limited Information, But Some Good Resources
Available • Instrumentation Assists in Analyzing Squeeze
![Page 33: Lateral Squeeze · 2013-08-06 · • Squeeze is Usually a Long-Term Problem • Limited Information, But Some Good Resources Available • Instrumentation Assists in Analyzing Squeeze](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42cb8da3a6fd3ace336d2a/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The Bridge
![Page 34: Lateral Squeeze · 2013-08-06 · • Squeeze is Usually a Long-Term Problem • Limited Information, But Some Good Resources Available • Instrumentation Assists in Analyzing Squeeze](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42cb8da3a6fd3ace336d2a/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Any Questions
Geohazards 2013
![Page 35: Lateral Squeeze · 2013-08-06 · • Squeeze is Usually a Long-Term Problem • Limited Information, But Some Good Resources Available • Instrumentation Assists in Analyzing Squeeze](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42cb8da3a6fd3ace336d2a/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Lateral Squeeze
![Page 36: Lateral Squeeze · 2013-08-06 · • Squeeze is Usually a Long-Term Problem • Limited Information, But Some Good Resources Available • Instrumentation Assists in Analyzing Squeeze](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42cb8da3a6fd3ace336d2a/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Lateral Squeeze Estimation of Horizontal Movement
If the consolidation settlement is estimated based on High Quality Shelby tube samples the horizontal tilt at the top of an abutment can be estimated at about 25 % of the vertical settlement.
![Page 37: Lateral Squeeze · 2013-08-06 · • Squeeze is Usually a Long-Term Problem • Limited Information, But Some Good Resources Available • Instrumentation Assists in Analyzing Squeeze](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42cb8da3a6fd3ace336d2a/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Lateral Squeeze
Tilt = 0.25x 12.5” ≈ 3”