late 19 th century music other music in america. it wasn’t all about racism. let’s look at some...
TRANSCRIPT
Late 19th Century Music
Other Music in America
It wasn’t ALL about racism.
Let’s look at some other types of music going on in America.
To do that – we need to look at another social function…
DANCING!
Why do people write music?
To Portray emotionsCourtship, love, social functions, comedy, etc
Make money To move to and dance to
Dance in America – late 1900’s
Group Dancing - Geometric Shapes Square Dance Line Dancing
Partner Dancing - Waltz, mazurka, polka
Both styles had Limited physical contact
Dance in America – Where?
This type of dancing occurred mainly in the middle & upper classes of America
At what was known as a ball.
The “ball” Organized program of preselected
music Music was played by a live band (why?) There were a sequence of dances that
occurred – and you knew this order before going.
Typical Dance Program
Waltz Polka Overseen by a “dance master”
Dance Master: Called out movements Used a dance manual (instructions)
Influence
Modeled after European high society traditions
A way for Americans to show – in public – that they knew how to live “the refined” life
So in other words…. …A status symbol
What are some status symbols that exist in
today's culture?
Dress Code
SPECIFIC instructions – no wavering Black Dress Coat, black/white vest Black pants, white necktie Leather Boots White Gloves Hair neatly groomed
Focus of Ballroom dancing
This was about uniformity and restraint NOT emotion or expression
There were books on HOW you should dance
Does anything like this happen today?
Time moves on…
At the end of the 19th century: Group dancing begins to be
replaced by couples dancing. No one likes change, and there
were protests… Who do you think complained the
most? The Dance Masters! – no more
jobs!!
The music of the dance
Early on – adaptations of popular tunes Turkey in the Straw Camptown Races Arranged for instrumentalists
Then – we start seeing original music
The musicians
Who were they? Ex-military personnel Played in the Union Army It’s estimated that during the Civil
War, the Union Army had 500 Bands and over 9,000 musicians
War ends – some bands stay in the military Others disband – go home, start own band
in their community
And thus – the community band was born
Community Band Competitions of the 1860’s
The Community Band Thrived from 1890-1920’s Every town had one. If you did not
– you were considered to be a town “behind the times”
Some of these still exist today – but the majority of them either folded around 1940’s or became part of the public school systems.
PA is still a “hot spot” for community bands
Ringgold Band Formed in Reading,
PA in 1852 One of the first in
the United States
Still exists today – musicians from all over the area
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lgh6KtoqIVY
John Philip Sousa
1854-1932 Bandleader, conductor, composer Known as the “March King” Conductor of US Marine Band, then
formed his own group Constantly touring America &
Europe
1st American “Supergroup”
24 phonograph recordings between 1895 and 1918
Died in Reading, PA after conducting a concert of the Ringgold Band.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bR1uUOHPX5E
One of the first musicians to actually negotiate with publishers for royalties
Advocated copyright reform in the industry
Stars & Stripes Forever Written in 1896 Background: On a trip to Europe with his wife Received word his band’s manager die,
had to return back to US suddenly Is a tribute to him Is the official march of the US One of the few that also have lyrics Possibly the most famous march
worldwide
First Section (A, A repeated) Let martial note in triumph float
And liberty extend its mighty handA flag appears 'mid thunderous cheers,The banner of the Western land.
The emblem of the brave and trueIts folds protect no tyrant crew;The red and white and starry blueIs freedom's shield and hope.
First Section (B, B Repeated) Other nations may deem their flags the
bestAnd cheer them with fervid elationBut the flag of the North and South and WestIs the flag of flags, the flag of Freedom's nation.
(repeats)
Second Section (C ) Hurrah for the flag of the free!
May it wave as our standard forever,The gem of the land and the sea,The banner of the right.
Let despots remember the dayWhen our fathers with mighty endeavorProclaimed as they marched to the frayThat by their might and by their rightIt waves forever.
Usually played after every public speech the President gives
Every major military musical ensemble concludes their concert with this piece.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a-7XWhyvIpE
March Madness
March Madness
Marches follow a very strict form Always in some type of duple
meter 2/4, 4/4, 6/8 (why?)
Sousa used this form for practically every march he wrote.
It’s a formula He knew what to write next Audiences knew what to expect
March Madness
Starts with an Introduction 4-8 measure fanfare that sets the mood
Each section is called a “strain” The third section is called the trio
The “trio” is usually played by a smaller group of instruments
It always changes key here This is considered to be the “Main Melody”
of the march (i.e. the part everyone remembers)
March Madness The fourth section is called the
“Dog Fight” A musical “battle” occurs here,
usually between high and low instruments
The “Stinger” A final short note at the end of the
march Most marches have a stinger, but not
all
March Form First Section
Introduction A, A B, B
Second Section – Key Change C (trio) Dogfight C Repeat the Dogfight
and last C, add stinger
Washington Posthttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mxrh1CrMmTY
Semper Fidelishttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qgABUZ4i9co