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Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CANHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016
Large Scale Testing of
Existing and Innovative Floor
Diaphragm Components
Dr. Robert B. Fleischman
University of Arizona
5 December 2016
Technical Session III: Example Prior Projects
Conducted at Lehigh
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA2NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 2
Presentation Outline
Project 1: NSF GOALI (Existing Details)
Development of a Seismic Design
Methodology for Precast Floor
Diaphragms (DSDM)
Project 2: NSF NEESR (Innovative Sys.)
Development of an Inertial Force-
Limiting Floor Anchorage System
(IFAS)
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA3NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 3
Presentation Outline
Multi-University Research Projects
Lehigh co-PIs and Grad Students
Large Scale Sub-assemblage Testing
Lehigh Testing Program used for:
• Component Characterization
• Analytical Model Construction
• Demonstration of Concept
• Guidance for Large Scale System Tests
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA4NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 4
Project 1: NSF GOALI - DSDM
Development of a Seismic Design Methodology
for Precast Floor Diaphragms (DSDM)
NSF GOALI (2005-07) / NEESR (2008-09)
Co-funded by PCI & CPF
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA5NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 5
Diaphragm Action
Diaphragm action carries seismic forces horizontally in the
floor slab to walls and frames…
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA6NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 6
Precast Diaphragm Past Performance
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA7NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 7
DSDM Research Team
Producer Members
University of California
San Diego
Jose’ Restrepo, PI
Producer Members
Lehigh University
Clay Naito, PI
Richard Sause, Co-PI
Industry Advisory Panel
Industry Liaison
S. K. Ghosh, Co-PI
University of Arizona
Robert Fleischman
Consortium Leader
DSDM Task Group
Graduate Students: Dichuan Zhang ,Ge
Wan, M. Mielke, A. Mullenbach (UA)
Matthew Schoettler, Andrea Belleri (UCSD)
Ruirui Ren, Liling Cao (LU)
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA8NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 8
Research Flow
Diaphragm Level (UA)
Diaphragm Capacity
Diagram Load Paths & Limit States
Structure Level (UCSD)
Diaphragm Inertial Forces
Flexible Diaphragm Structures
FpxFpxFpx
FE Pushover Analysis 3D FE Dynamic Analysis
MDOF Dynamic Analysis
Detail Level (LU)
Connector Properties
Connector Classification
Full-Scale Detail Tests
Scaled Shake Table Test
Hybrid Testing of Joints
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA9NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 9
Isolated Connector Specimens
34"
6x6 W2.9xW2.9
3.5" x 1" x 38"
14"
SIDE ELEVATION
3.5" E70
4'
TOP PLAN
(6x6 W2.9xW2.9)
6"
6"
2'Extra
Rebars
118"
312"
135°
5 916
"
6"
1"
538"
78"
7/16"
10°angle
PL1/2"x2"x8"
4"
PL1/2"x2"x8" Grade 36
3/4"x7" round stock
6x6 W2.9xW2.9 34"
(2) #5
SIDE ELEVATION
6"E70
4'
TOP PLAN
(6x6 W2.9xW2.9)
2'
6"
(2) #5 Grade 60 barASTM A706
1"
7/16"
6"
6"
134"
114
"
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA10NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 10
Shear Connector Model Calibration
dv
V V
Cyclic response
-20
-10
0
10
20
-0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6
dv (in)
V(k
ips)
TEST
-20
-10
0
10
20
-0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6
Model
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA11NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 11
Ductile Mesh Model Calibration
V, dv
-50
-25
0
25
50
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
dv(in)
V (
kip
s)
Test
-50
-25
0
25
50
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
Model
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA12NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 12
Diaphragm Analytical Models
“Discrete Connector” FE models
Ramp Cavity
Transverse inertial load Precast units
Nonlinear coupled springs
and contact elements
Column
Leading SP
Free Body Diagram
(Forces in SP longitudinal
direction removed for clarity)
Forces in DT-SP
connectors
Precast
units
Trailing SP
Shear
wall
0 1 Uncovered joint not
at max shear
0 1 3
3:
Inertial
force
Lsp
VSP
VSP
MSP
MSP
dV3
Confining effect
within SP span
due to opening
Leading SP
Trailing SP
Concentrated OpeningLimited Opening
Free Body Diagram
(Forces in SP transverse
direction removed for clarity)
NSP
NSP
i
i
n
n
dOi
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA13NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 13
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA14NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 14
Test Substructure: Panels at Critical Joint
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA15NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 15
Lehigh MDOF Test Fixture
1.22 m
(4')
610 mm
610 mm
2 spaces @ 54=108 mm
(a) Plan View
229 mm 67 mm
51 mm 381mm330 mm
4.88 mm (16')
(b) Side elevation
WWR 305x915-MD83xMD29
(mm)
28.6 mm diameter
anchor holes
140 mm7 Anchor holes @ 610 mm =3.66 m
JVI Vector
Chord connector
Joint face
Stirrup hooks
Support face
Stem2 # 4 bars Flange
UP FO
R
UP FO
R
UP FO
R
UP FO
R
3 JVIs @ 610 mm 3 JVIs @ 610 mm457 mm 457 mm305 mm
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA16NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 16
Predetermined Displacement History Tests
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA17NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 17
PDH Test Predictions
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA18NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 18
PDH Test Response
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA19NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 19
PDH Testing: Results
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA20NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 20
PDH Test Results: Flexure
-3000
-2500
-2000
-1500
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
-0.0002 -0.0001 0 0.0001 0.0002
rot
M (k-in)
Test
Predict
-8000
-6000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
-0.0002 0 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008
rotM (k-in)
Test
Predict
-8000
-6000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
-0.0015 -0.001 -0.0005 0 0.0005
rot
M (k-in)
Test
Predict
-6000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
-0.0005 0 0.0005 0.001 0.0015
rot
M (k-in)
Test
Predict
-10000
-8000
-6000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
-0.004 -0.003 -0.002 -0.001 0 0.001
rot
M (k-in)
Predict
Test
CH Service CH DBE CH MCE
CH Bi-dir DBE BK MCEJoint Flexural
Response
M
q
M
Weld Fracture
Minor Cracking
Major Cracking/Crushing
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA21NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 21
Critical Shear Joint: Hybrid Test
DT units: Plane stress elements
Precast spandrel: 2D beam element
Symmetry boundary
Global CS joint (See Fig.8a)
Shear wall: Shell element
Base plastic hinge: Bi-axial fiber elements
Nonlinearspring& contact
Nonlinearrotationalspring
Floor: 2D beam
Nonlinearshear spring
Shear wall3D beam
Nonlinearsprings & contact
Nonlinearshear springs
Nonlinearsprings &contact
Plane stresselement
(b) (a)
DT units: Plane stress elements
Precast spandrel: 2D beam element
Symmetry boundary
Global CS joint (See Fig.8a)
Shear wall: Shell element
Base plastic hinge: Bi-axial fiber elements
Nonlinearspring& contact
Nonlinearrotationalspring
Floor: 2D beam
Nonlinearshear spring
Shear wall3D beam
Nonlinearsprings & contact
Nonlinearshear springs
Nonlinearsprings &contact
Plane stresselement
(b) (a)
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA22NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 22
Lehigh Test Algorithms: Hybrid Testing
Hybrid Testing :
• Matlab based program
• Alpha method with fixed
number of iterations
(Mercan and Ricles 2005)
• Restoring force provided
by RDOF Model (ANSYS)
• Actuator displacement
commands (D1, D2, D3)
controlled through a
multiple loop architecture
• Inner loop iterates for
kinematic compensation of
three actuator system
Springs for shear
contribution of
spandrels
T top
T bot
V
Actuator 1D and F
a
Actuator 2D and F
Actuator 3D and F
d
d1
d1
c
c
eb
LVDT C5
LV
DT
D9
LVDT C1
1 1
2 2
3 3
Matlab based
time integration
progam
DisplacementsDisplacements
Restoring
forces
Restoring
forces
12
34
6
5
z
xy
D1
D2
D3 D4 D5 D6 D7
D8 D9 D10
C1
C6C2
C5
76 mm typ.
305 mm
5 LVDT @ 914 mm=3.66 m610mm610mm
152 mm
51mm
229 mm typ.
82 mm typ.
C8
Movable support
Fixed support
D
D
C4 C7
D
LVDT stem
LVDT
anchorage406 mm typ.
UP FO
R
UP FO
R
UP FO
R
UP FO
R
UP F
OR
UP F
OR
UP F
OR
UP F
OR
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA23NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 23
Test Results: Hybrid Testing
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
-0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2
D(in)
F (k)
Test
Ansys model
-0.04
-0.02
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0 1000 2000
Step
Op
enin
g (
in)
Hybrid simulation
Reduced NLTDA
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
0 200 400 600
Kv (kN/mm)
N (kN)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0 800 1600
Kv (kN/mm)
Step
Hybrid test
(a) (b)
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA24NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 24
Shake Table Demonstration Test
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA25NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 25
Analytical Simulation
3rd floor
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
3 5 7 9
Time (s)
D (in)
Test
Prediction
Diaphragm deflection
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
3 4 5 6 7 8
Time (s)
F (k)
Test
Prediction
Diaphragm Force
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA26NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 26
DSDM Project Outcome
• Deliverable: A new seismic design methodology for precast
concrete diaphragms.
• Outcome: New design provisions approved for inclusion in
ASCE 7-16 and Part 3 of the 2015 NEHRP Provisions.
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA27NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 27
Project 2: NEESR IFAS
NEES @ UCSD NEES @ Lehigh
NEESR: Inertial Force-Limiting Floor
Anchorage Systems for Seismic Resistant
Building Structures (IFAS)
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA28NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 28
Project Team
Dr. Robert Fleischman, PIZhi Zhang, Ph.D. studentUlina Shakya, Ph.D. studentAnshul AgarwalAustin Houk, REUScott Kuhlman, REUMackenzie Lostra, REUDaniel Lizarraga, REUFernando Gastelum, REUPatrick Hughes, REUZiyi Li, REU
The University of Arizona
University of California, San Diego
Lehigh UniversityNazarbayev University
University of Rome
Tipping MarRutherford +
Chekene
Academic collaborators
Seismic Design Consultants
Dr. Jose Restrepo, Co-PIArpit Nema, Ph.D. studentGabriele GuerriniDavid DuckNelson AngelArmita PebdaniSteve Mintz, Ph.D. student
Dr. Richard Sause, Co-PIGeorgios Tsampras,
Ph.D. studentAlronil Pacheco, REU
(San Jose State University)
Dr. Dichuan Zhang
Dr. Giorgio MontiDr. Alessandro Scodeggio
Utterback Middle School
K12 partner
Technical University of Bari
Dr. Beppe MaranoDr. Giuseppe Quaranta
David Mar Joseph MaffeiSaeed Fathali
Joe Maffei Association
Joseph Maffei
Gricelda Meraz
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA29NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 29
Industry Partners: NEESR Shake Table Test
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA30NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 30
Research Team
Research Meeting #3 at R&C Offices
Saeed Fathali
R&C
David Mar T&M
Jose Restrepo
UCSD
Dom Campi R&C
RBF UA
Richard Sause LU Joe
Maffei JMA
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA31NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 31
IFAS Concept
GLRS LFRS
GLRSGLRS
LFRS
LFRS
Anchorage system
Anchorage system
GLRS
LFRS
LFRS
Anchorage system
Anchorage system
Anchorage system
Wind
Anchorage system
Anchorage system
LFRS
LFRS
EQ
Moat
Bracing /
Restoring
Elements
Deformable
Connections
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA32NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 32
IFAS Components
Buckling Restrained Brace (BRB)
Friction Device (FD)
Low Damping
Rubber Bearings (RB)
Polyurethane
Bumper
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA33NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 33
IFAS Prototype
Prototype IFAS SystemGravity load resisting
system (GLRS)
Dampers
Lateral force resisting system (LFRS)
Rubber bearings (RB)Moat
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA34NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 34
IFAS Shake Test Installation
RB LFRS
Floor Slab
LFRS
FD
Clevis
Plates
Floor
Slab
Half-Scale 4-
story Precast
Rocking Shear
Wall Structure
NEES @ UCSD
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA35NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 35
IFAS Shake Table Response: NEES@UCSD
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA36NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 36
Shake Table Testing: NEES@UCSD
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA37NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 37
Shake Table Testing: NEES@UCSD
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA38NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 38
Shake Table Test Results: NEES@UCSD
-0.03
-0.02
-0.01
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
5 10 15 20 25
Ro
tati
on
(ra
d)
Time (s)
-0.02
-0.01
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
5 10 15 20 25
Ro
tati
on
(ra
d)
Time (s)
-0.01
-0.005
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
5 10 15 20 25R
ota
tio
n (
rad
)Time (s)
-0.01
-0.005
0
0.005
0.01
5 10 15 20 25
Ro
tati
on
(ra
d)
Time (s)
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Phase I
Phase II
Phase I
Phase II
Phase I
Phase II
Phase I
Phase II
North WallWest
+qwall
-0.02
-0.01
0
0.01
0.02
5 10 15 20 25
Ro
tati
on
(ra
d)
Time (s)
-0.01
-0.005
0
0.005
0.01
5 10 15 20 25
Ro
tati
on
(ra
d)
Time (s)
-0.004
-0.002
0
0.002
0.004
5 10 15 20 25
Ro
tati
on
(ra
d)
Time (s)
-0.003
-0.002
-0.001
0
0.001
0.002
5 10 15 20 25
Ro
tati
on
(ra
d)
Time (s)
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Phase I
Phase II
Phase I
Phase II
Phase I
Phase II
Phase I
Phase II
West wallSouth
+qwall
Comparison to Traditional Structure
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA39NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 39
Subassemblage Testing: NEES@Lehigh
LehighTest Specimen
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA40NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 40
Full-Scale IFAS Testing: BRB
Steel Reinforced RB
Floor
Slab
Wall
Stub
NEES Hydraulic
Actuators
BRB
NEES @ Lehigh
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA41NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 41
Full-Scale IFAS Testing: BRB
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA42NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 42
Full-Scale IFAS Testing: BRB
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA43NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 43
Full-Scale IFAS Testing: RB
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA44NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 44
Full-Scale IFAS Testing: FD
Carbon Fiber Reinforced RB
FD
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA45NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 45
Full-Scale IFAS Testing: FD
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA46NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 46
Control LVDT
BW_Bumper
BE_Bumper
Slab
Wall
Accelerometer on slab
Accelerometer on wall
Load cell
High speed camera
Bumper Impact Tests: NHERI@Lehigh
Control LVDT
TW_Bumper
BW_Bumper
TE_Bumper
BE_Bumper
Slab
Wall
Web cameraTest specimen
GoPro camera
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA47NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 47
Bumper Impact Tests: NHERI@Lehigh
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA48NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 48
Bumper Impact Tests: NHERI@Lehigh
Shake Table Training Workshop 2015 – San Diego, CA49NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility Researchers Workshop, 5-6 December, 2016 49
Bumper Test Results: NHERI@Lehigh
Vo = 15 in/s
Vo = 5 in/s
Vo = 1 in/s