large embedded generation user guide b - sa power networks

SA Power Networks

Large Embedded Generation User Guide B

www.sapowernetworks.com.au

For Generating Systems non AS4777 compliant or greater than 200kW January 2013

http://www.sapowernetworks.com.au


REVISION A – JANUARY 2013 of 32

Table of Contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 3

1.1 Embedded generator’s obligation to advise ............................................................................. 3

1.2 Available information on connecting embedded generation to our Network ......................... 3

1.3 Structure of this User Guide ...................................................................................................... 4

1.4 Interpretation ............................................................................................................................ 4

1.5 Revisions .................................................................................................................................... 4

2. Obligation for Negotiated Connection and Supply Contract .......................................................... 5

3. The Connection Process ................................................................................................................. 5

3.1 Engaging SA Power Networks to act as your consultant ........................................................... 5

4. Technical Issues for Consideration ................................................................................................. 7

4.1 Adelaide CBD specific requirements ......................................................................................... 7

4.2 Export embedded generation ................................................................................................... 8

4.3 Closed transition transfer switches ........................................................................................... 8

5. Code compliance ............................................................................................................................ 9

6. Operating protocols & procedures ............................................................................................... 10

7. Commissioning and testing of embedded generation plant ........................................................ 11

8. Compliance monitoring and maintenance ................................................................................... 12

9. Notice of alteration to approved design ...................................................................................... 12

10. Metering installation .................................................................................................................... 12

11. Fees and charges .......................................................................................................................... 13

12. Further Information ...................................................................................................................... 15

13. Referenced documents ................................................................................................................ 17

Appendix A: Definitions and terms ....................................................................................................... 18

Appendix B: Detailed Description of the Connection Application Process .......................................... 20

Appendix C: Detailed Description of the Technical Issues for Consideration ...................................... 23

Appendix D: Information Required for an Application for a Connection Service ................................ 28



1. Introduction This User Guide has been prepared by SA Power Networks to provide Customers with information on the process of connecting to SA Power Networks’ distribution network large embedded generation that is not compliant with AS4777 or has a nameplate capacity greater than 200kW. Embedded generation is defined as Generating Systems connecting directly to the distribution network and not having direct access to the transmission network. This is intended as a guide only and does not constitute a detailed description of SA Power Networks’ or your obligations under the Essential Services Commission of South Australia’s (ESCOSA) Electricity Distribution Code (EDC) and the National Electricity Rules (NER). It is the responsibility of the Proponent to ensure that they are compliant with the NER and the EDC. Due to the unique nature of each proposed project, this User Guide does not include information on the SA Power Networks’ response timeframes or charges applicable to your proposed project. SA Power Networks’ response timeframes and charges for your proposed project will be supplied on receipt of your enquiry. 1.1 Embedded generator’s obligation to advise

Any customer proposing to connect a large embedded generation installation to the SA Power Networks’ distribution network must advise SA Power Networks. Negotiations with SA Power Networks for the possible connection of an embedded generating unit must precede any detailed design, placement of orders for equipment and letting of contracts to avoid costs to the Proponent arising from designs or equipment identified by SA Power Networks to be unsuitable for connection to the distribution network. SA Power Networks must undertake all necessary investigations to confirm that the proposed connection of an embedded generating unit to the distribution network will not have any adverse impact on the safety and security of the network.

1.2 Available information on connecting embedded generation to our Network In order to accommodate the diverse range of Generating Systems that seek connection to our Network, SA Power Networks have three separate connection processes. The type of Generating Units as well as the nameplate capacity of the entire Generating System will determine which process will be applicable to your embedded generation project. You can find a description of the process for connecting to our Network in the following guides, available on the SA Power Networks website. Generating Systems AS4777 compliant and with a nameplate capacity up to 10kW single phase and 30kW three phase Refer to the “Small Embedded Generation Technical Guidelines” Large Generating Systems AS4777 compliant and with a nameplate capacity up to 200kW Refer to the “Large Embedded Generation User Guide A for Generating Systems AS4777 compliant and up to 200kW” All other Generating Systems Refer to this User Guide



1.3 Structure of this User Guide This User Guide explains the standard connection process for large embedded generation installations that are not compliant with AS4777 or have a nameplate capacity greater than 200kW. This User Guide also provides guidance on SA Power Networks’ technical requirements for the connection of such Generating Systems. Specifically, this User Guide aims to:

• Provide assistance to the Proponent in regards to connecting embedded generation to the distribution network;

• Outline the technical requirements for an Embedded Generator installation in accordance with the applicable Codes, Australian Standards, SA Power Networks’ Service and Installation Rules, and SA Power Networks embedded generating unit connection requirements; and

• Provide assistance to identify the Proponent’s responsibilities in regards to embedded generating unit(s) connection and interface requirements to the distribution network;

1.4 Interpretation

In this User Guide the words “shall” and “must” indicate mandatory requirements. This User Guide seeks to provide definitions consistent with those given in the Electricity Act, ESCOSA Electricity Distribution Code and the National Electricity Rules.

1.5 Revisions SA Power Networks may amend and expand this User Guide from time to time where it may be necessary to meet the requirements of the applicable regulations and to suit the needs of the distribution network. SA Power Networks’ “Large Embedded Generation User Guide B for Generating Systems non AS4777 compliant or greater than 200kW” will be identified by a revision number and issue date.



2. Obligation for Negotiated Connection and Supply Contract SA Power Networks, in accordance with the applicable regulations must not connect an embedded generating unit to the distribution network unless it has entered into a Connection Agreement with the Embedded Generator. Therefore the Proponent of any large embedded generation installation must enter into a Connection Agreement with SA Power Networks in accordance with Chapter 5 and Chapter 5A of the National Electricity Rules, as applicable. The Connection Agreement is subject to commercial negotiations between the parties and will encompass both the technical and commercial aspects of the connection, address the access standards and minimum technical requirements and specify the terms and conditions including the connection charge, service charges and quality of supply in accordance with the applicable regulations. The agreement also requires the Embedded Generator to indemnify SA Power Networks against any liability resulting from the Embedded Generator’s use of the distribution network in a manner prejudicial to the safety and efficiency of the network.

3. The Connection Process SA Power Networks has established procedures in line with the National Electricity Rules to process applications to connect from embedded generating system Proponents. For Generating Systems not compliant with AS4777 or having a nameplate capacity greater than 200kW, a simplified connection process flow diagram is provided in Figure 1. A detailed description of our connection application process up to and including the provision of our Offer to Connect is included as Appendix B. The description of our connection process contained within this User Guide is intended as a guide only and does not constitute a detailed description of your obligations under the NER. SA Power Networks’ response timeframes will be in accordance with the requirements of the NER. Our response timeframes and charges for your proposed project will be supplied by us on receipt of your enquiry. 3.1 Engaging SA Power Networks to act as your consultant As you proceed through the connection process, you have the option of engaging SA Power Networks to act as your consultant prior to you submitting an Application for a Connection Service. It is entirely at your option whether you wish to engage SA Power Networks to act as your consultant. You have statutory rights to require SA Power Networks to proceed with processing your Application for a Connection Service and it is entirely at your discretion whether you wish to, instead of relying on those rights, proceed with engaging SA Power Networks to act as your consultant.

Figure 1: Simplified connection process for Generating Systems not compliant with AS4777 or having a nameplate capacity greater than 200kW

Refer Section 3.1

Refer Section 3.1

Proceed

Engage SA Power Networks

Engage us as your consultant or lodge an

Application for a Connection Service

SA Power Networks provides a speculative estimate at no charge.

Submit preliminary information

Your enquiry

SA Power Networks prepares our formal response, including scoping and due diligence works.

Return signed: • Construction Terms • Negotiated Connection & Supply Contract


Proceed

Proceed or Close Project

Close End

Engage SA Power Networks

Submit further detailed information

Submit Application for a Connection Service (including all required information).


SA Power Networks, acting as your consultant, performs system studies & provides you with an Engineering Report.

Our charges for this service are funded by you

You install your Generating System (no connection to Network allowed)

SA Power Networks construct your Connection Service (if required)

Generating System connected to Network

You submit all relevant commissioning and compliance reports

End

SA Power Networks agree final settings and witness your testing

In parallel

Proceed or Close Project

Close End

SA Power Networks provide response in line with NER, consisting of: • Your options • Charges for assessment (non-refundable) • Our requirements • Information we require from you

SA Power Networks prepares a formal Offer, consisting of: • Construction Offer (our charges) • Construction Terms • Negotiated Connection and Supply Contract

SA Power Networks Customer

Engage us as your

consultant or lodge an Application for a

Connection Service

REVISION A – JANUARY 2013



4. Technical Issues for Consideration Any proposed embedded Generating System that is capable of being operated in parallel with the distribution network must be assessed to confirm that Generating System will meet SA Power Networks’ requirements and will not impact on the quality of supply to SA Power Networks’ other Network Users. The embedded generating unit must comply with all applicable SA Power Networks’ User Guides, Australian Standards, Codes and Regulations. A detailed description of the technical issues that must be considered are included as Appendix C of this User Guide. SA Power Networks’ requirements ensure the safety, security and reliability of our Network and include: • Generating System Protection; • Generating System Fault Level Contribution; • Quality of Supply to SA Power Networks’ other Network users, including

• Network Stability; • Network Infrastructure Thermal Capacity; • Network Voltage Control; • Generating System Reactive Capability; • Voltage Fluctuations; • Harmonics; and • Voltage Balance.

• Remote Monitoring and Control, including • Interface requirements; and • Communications protocols.

• Generating System Control; • Generating Unit Earthing; and • Generating System Metering. Prior to the connection of an embedded generating unit to the distribution network, SA Power Networks must undertake a detailed analysis of the network. Alternatively you may engage a suitably qualified consultant to undertake the detailed analysis and SA Power Networks will undertake our due diligence assessment on their analysis. The detailed analysis and subsequent Engineering Report will identify any network operating constraints, network reinforcement requirements due to increases in network capacity, fault levels, levels of reactive VAr support, network voltage compensation control, operating protocols and procedures and interface requirements between the Embedded Generator and SA Power Networks for the proposed connection. SA Power Networks is entitled under the NER to recover our costs for undertaking investigations in response to generation connection enquiries and processing an Application for a Connection Service. 4.1 Adelaide CBD specific requirements

The distribution network within the Adelaide CBD is near the maximum safe fault level of both the Customers’ and SA Power Networks’ existing high voltage equipment. Therefore no additional short circuit fault sources can be connected to the Adelaide CBD distribution network, this includes any embedded generating unit, without very significant modification of this network. However, with appropriate protection and control equipment, SA Power Networks may permit the installation of generating units within the Adelaide CBD where the:



• embedded generating units operate electrically islanded from the distribution network (and therefore do not contribute to the distribution network’s short circuit fault current level). This includes generating units designed for island operation with momentary closed transition of the load between the distribution network and the embedded generating unit and vice versa, in compliance with Section 4.3 or

• embedded generating unit installations designed to limit the fault contribution to the network to near zero value. This may be achieved with the design of the installation through the incorporation of:

§ fault current eliminating devices; or § generating unit(s) connected via grid connected inverters, which limit the

fault current contribution to near zero value.

4.2 Export embedded generation An export embedded generating unit is an embedded generating unit designed to export electricity to the distribution network. An export embedded generator unit must have an agreement with a Retailer to purchase the export electricity generated by the embedded generating unit. All embedded generating units with a nameplate capacity greater than 100kVA must be licensed by ESCOSA as a Generator. Unless otherwise agreed by SA Power Networks, all export embedded generating units must have communication links installed between SA Power Networks and the embedded generating unit installation to provide intertrip protection and SCADA monitoring and control.

4.3 Closed transition transfer switches

The installation of closed transition transfer switches is contingent upon compliance with AS/NZS 3947.6.1:2001 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Multiple Function equipment - Automatic transfer switching equipment, and AS/NZS 3439.1 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies - Type-tested and partially type-tested assemblies. The transfer switch must be a proprietary device, provided as a packaged unit by an industry recognised manufacturer. The auto changeover must not be assembled from individual components within the switchboard. Unless otherwise agreed in writing with SA Power Networks, the duration of the closed transition of the load between the distribution network and the embedded generating unit, and vice versa, must not be longer than 1 second. In addition the closed transition transfer switches must comply with the Australian Standards listed in this User Guide and SA Power Networks’ Service & Installation Rules. Particular attention must also be paid to the requirement that this equipment must not cause undue interference to the quality of supply to our other customers and hence must comply with the relevant standards AS/NZS 61000.3 (series) Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Limits. An embedded generating system that is connected via a compliant closed transition transfer switch may be installed without the need for us to undertake our detailed investigations or enter into a Negotiated Connection and Supply Contract for that particular generating system.



5. Code compliance The general installation must comply with all relevant Australian Standards, including but not limited to AS 3000, AS 3010.1 (diesel generators / internal combustion engines), AS 3017, 2067 (if applicable), AS 1931, AS 60038, AS/NZS 61000 and AS 4777 (as applicable to the Generating Unit type). All other relevant government and statutory requirements must be adhered to, such as the Technical Regulations under the Electricity Act 1996 and the OHS&W Regulations 1995. The Generator and installation must comply with the following Standards, Codes, Regulations and User Guides: • National Electricity Rules (NER), as applicable; • Essential Services Commission of South Australia (ESCOSA) Electricity Distribution Code; • SA Power Networks’ Service & Installation Rules; and • SA Power Networks’ User Guides, as applicable to the Generating System type and nameplate

capacity.



6. Operating protocols & procedures Unless otherwise agreed by SA Power Networks, the Embedded Generator must comply with the operating protocols and procedures outlined below. Operating procedures and protocols must be developed by the Embedded Generator in conjunction with SA Power Networks. The objectives of the operating procedures are to protect the distribution network and maximise the Embedded Generators access to the network, within the agreed export limit of the embedded generating unit(s). The agreed operating procedures and protocols shall take into consideration the existing network operation. The onus of ensuring that the operating conditions of the embedded generating unit are met rests with the Embedded Generator. The Embedded Generator must seek permission from SA Power Networks’ Network Operation Centre prior to connection / disconnection of any embedded generating unit to the distribution network. A communications link must be provided between the Embedded Generator’s installation and SA Power Networks designated point on the distribution network to provide the SCADA monitoring and control interface between the Embedded Generator and SA Power Networks’ Network Operations Centre. The Embedded Generator must establish, as a minimum, the following monitoring and control Input / Output functions via SA Power Networks’ SCADA system for the Network Operations Centre: • Generating units status (Connected / Disconnected / Fault); • Generating units output status (kW, kVAR, Amps, Volts); • “Permission Granted” interlocks (to permit the embedded generating unit connection to the

distribution network when a “permission granted” signal is valid); and • “Permission Denied” interlocks (to prevent the embedded generating unit connection to the

distribution network when a “permission denied” signal is valid). As required under the applicable regulations, additional remote monitoring is required, subject to the proposed embedded generating unit type. The Embedded Generator must ensure that an authorised person is available at all times while the embedded generating unit(s) are operational in order to receive communications from SA Power Networks’ Network Operations Centre (NOC) so that emergencies requiring urgent action by the Embedded Generator can be dealt with adequately. The Embedded Generator’s connection to the distribution network shall be controlled and monitored via SA Power Networks’ Network Operations Centre. Monitoring of export kW, kVAr, Amps and Volts is required, together with permissive interlocks to prevent the embedded generating unit connecting to the distribution network without authorisation. Prior to the connection of the embedded generating unit to the distribution network, the Embedded Generator must contact the NOC to seek permission to connect. The NOC controller will provide “permission to connect” or “permission denied”, subject to network conditions. The permissive signals shall be electrically interlocked with the embedded generating unit’s controls.



7. Commissioning and testing of embedded generation plant Prior to the connection of the embedded generating unit to the distribution network, SA Power Networks is entitled to inspect and, where necessary, require the Embedded Generator to test those parts of the embedded generation installation that have a direct effect on the network. This is to enable SA Power Networks to verify that the embedded generation installation is acceptable for connection and complies in all respects with the requirements of the Engineering Report and applicable regulations. The Embedded Generator must conduct commissioning tests to demonstrate compliance of the embedded generation installation and network connection with the applicable regulations and the Engineering Report. The Embedded Generator must submit to SA Power Networks (and AEMO if required) for approval, the proposed commissioning program including test procedures and proposed test equipment to be used in the commissioning. The compliance testing required under the applicable regulations and the requirements defined in SA Power Networks’ Engineering Report for the network connection and in particular the Quality of Supply must be assessed and verified by a suitably accredited, independent third party acceptable to SA Power Networks, with the requisite skills and competencies. Alternatively, the Embedded Generator may elect to have this work carried out by SA Power Networks for a commercially negotiated fee. The Embedded Generator’s commissioning program and test shall include all relevant tests to confirm compliance of the embedded generation installation with the Engineering Report and compliance with schedule S5.2 of the NER. The Embedded Generator must develop commissioning program and test procedures for the embedded generation installation to ensure that the commissioning of the embedded generating unit: • does not adversely affect the security of the distribution network or the Quality of Supply of

electricity from the network; and • minimises any possible threat of damage to the network, or any other plant, equipment or

installations of any other person that is connected to the network.



8. Compliance monitoring and maintenance The Embedded Generator must develop a compliance monitoring program, including an agreed method by which the Embedded Generator can demonstrate ongoing compliance of the embedded generation installation with the applicable regulations and the embedded generating units continued operation in accordance with good engineering practice and the applicable regulations. The Embedded Generator must provide to SA Power Networks a copy of the agreed and duly authorised compliance-monitoring program. In respect of the ongoing operation of the embedded generating unit, the Embedded Generator must maintain the protection and control systems of the embedded generation installation and any other service provided by the Embedded Generator in connection with the embedded generation installation that impacts on the generating unit, its safety or operation, or the safety or operation of the distribution network.

9. Notice of alteration to approved design The Embedded Generator must not significantly alter the approved design of the embedded generation installation without the prior written consent of SA Power Networks. The approved design is the design of the plant as covered by the network studies and Engineering Report and / or included within the Negotiated Connection and Supply Contract. If at any time the Embedded Generator wishes to propose an increase in the agreed nameplate capacity of the embedded generation installation, the Embedded Generator must request the increase in writing to SA Power Networks. Upon receipt of the written request, SA Power Networks will advise the Embedded Generator if it is necessary for SA Power Networks to undertake a new network analysis and Engineering Report (at the Embedded Generator’s cost) in order to ascertain the operational constraints of the embedded generation installation with the proposed changes to the installation.

10. Metering installation Revenue metering must be installed in compliance with the NER for all embedded generation with export capacity (i.e. import / export meters). The operational requirements of the generating unit and National Grid Metering must be addressed, with the role of Responsible Person / Metering Provider / Meter Data Agent to be decided by the Embedded Generator. SA Power Networks will offer to undertake the roles of Metering Provider and Responsible Person in accordance with the NER on a Fee for Service basis.



11. Fees and charges Fees and charges applicable to the installation of large-embedded generators are:

• SA Power Networks’ Consultancy Fee; SA Power Networks can provide our consultancy services to help you obtain the necessary information prior to lodging a formal Application for a Connection Service. Any subsequent charges will be reduced by an amount reflecting any work performed during our consultancy services. This covers: § provision of a speculative estimate; § network studies; § liaising with other NSPs and AEMO as applicable; § preliminary connection design (which includes as applicable the connection line,

substation, protection, communications and SCADA); § provision of an Engineering Report; and § preparation of a scope and interface document.

• Offer Preparation Fee based on an Application for a Connection Service;

This is a ‘once off’ cost to cover all reasonable costs incurred by SA Power Networks in undertaking the assessment of the proposal for the connection of the embedded generating unit to the distribution network and includes: § network studies; § liaising with other NSPs and AEMO as applicable; § connection design and estimates (which includes as applicable the connection line,

substation, protection, communications and SCADA); § provision of a Due Diligence Report; § preparation of the draft Connection Agreement; and § preparation of Offer to Connect.

• Connection Charge;

This is a ‘once off’ cost to cover all reasonable costs incurred by SA Power Networks in undertaking the scope of works as identified within the Connection Agreement to connect a large embedded generating unit to the distribution network and includes: § provision, installation and commissioning of the embedded generator connection

assets; and § network augmentation to facilitate the embedded generating unit’s connection

• Connection Service & Management Fee;

This is an annual fee to cover all reasonable costs incurred by SA Power Networks in undertaking the following: § Provision of 24 hour, 7 day monitoring and control services for the embedded

generating unit’s access to the distribution network. § Use of SA Power Networks’ SCADA system infrastructure, equipment / software /

licences (software and communications) for the provision of the services to enable the embedded generating unit’s access to the distribution network.

§ Routine maintenance and repairs of the connection assets including substation equipment specifically installed for the embedded generator access to the network (i.e. circuit breaker / recloser, protection equipment including inter-trip / radio communications equipment / telemetry interface relays / SCADA RTU interface);

§ Maintenance planning / coordination with the Embedded Generator; § Compliance monitoring of interface protection in accordance with the applicable

regulations; and



§ Connection Agreement Management (periodic review of the agreement to cover changes in industry practice in compliance with the NER and Distribution Codes).

• Metering Provider Fee (where applicable);

This is an annual fee to cover all reasonable costs incurred by SA Power Networks in providing the Embedded Generator revenue metering and is based on the SA Power Networks standard fees and charges for the provision and maintenance of the class of metering required for the proposed generator connection in accordance with the National Electricity Rules and / or the Electricity Distribution Code as applicable.

• Responsible Person Fee (where applicable).

This is an annual fee to cover all reasonable costs incurred by SA Power Networks in undertaking the role of Responsible Person in relation to the National Electricity Market revenue Metering installation in accordance with the provisions of the National Electricity Rules.



12. Further Information Further information and assistance on connecting a proposed large embedded generation installation can be obtained from our Customer Solutions Managers: John Aplin – Country North Telephone: (08) 8682 0567 Mario Pepicelli – Elizabeth Telephone: (08) 8282 1545 James Case – Adelaide Telephone: (08) 8404 5407 Geoff Wegener – Mount Barker Telephone: (08) 8532 8883 Malcolm Farmer – St Marys Telephone: (08) 8275 0902 John Riedel – South East Telephone: (08) 8724 1617 The responsible Customer Solutions Manager for your proposed project can be determined from the Geographical Areas of Responsibility map provided in Figure 2.



Figure 2: SA Power Networks’ Customer Solutions Managers Geographical Areas of Responsibility



13. Referenced documents The following Australian Standards are referred to in these User Guides:

• AS 1931 Part 1 “High voltage - Test techniques - General definition and test requirements”

• AS 60038 “Standard voltages”; • AS/NZS 61000.3.6: “Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Limits - Assessment of

emission limits for distorting loads in MV and HV power systems”; • AS/NZS 61000.3.7: “Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Limits - Assessment of

emission limits for fluctuating loads in MV and HV power systems”;

• AS 4777 “Grid connection of energy systems via inverters” • AS 1359 “General Requirements for Rotating Electrical Machines” • AS/NZS 3000 “Electrical Installations (known as the Wiring rules)” • AS/NZS 3010.1 “Electrical Installations – Generating sets” • AS/ZNS 3017 “Electrical installations – Testing User Guides” • AS 2067 “Substations and high voltage installations exceeding 1 kV a.c.” • AS/NZS 3100 “Approval and test specification

- General requirements for electrical equipment” • AS 2279 “ Switchgear” • AS/NZS 3947.6.1 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Multiple Function

equipment - Automatic transfer switching equipment • AS/NZS 3439.1 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies - Type-tested

and partially type-tested assemblies



Appendix A: Definitions and terms “AEMO” means the Australian Energy Management Operator (or its successor); “applicable inverter” means inverters that have been tested by an authorised testing laboratory and certified as being in compliance with AS 4777 and issued with an accreditation number; “applicable regulations” means any law, Code, Rule or other regulatory instrument which binds participants in the South Australian electricity industry, as amended from time to time. A reference to applicable regulations, including specific instruments, remain a reference to all other applicable regulations even where that instrument ceases to exist; “distribution network” means SA Power Networks’ electricity distribution network; “Connection Point” means the agreed point of supply established between SA Power Networks and the Customer and/or Embedded Generator; “Customer” means a person who engages in the activity of purchasing electricity supplied through the distribution network to a Connection Point; “Electricity Distribution Code” means the Electricity Distribution Code made by ESCOSA pursuant to Section 28 of the Essential Services Commission Act, 2002; “Embedded Generator” means a Generator, who owns, operates or controls an embedded generating unit. “embedded generating unit” means a generating unit connected within a distribution network and not having direct access to a transmission network. “ESCOSA” means the Essential Services Commission of South Australia; “generating system” means all Generating Units and the associated control and protection equipment; “generating unit” means the actual generator of electricity and all related equipment essential to its function as a single entity. “Generator” means a person / entity who engages in the activity of owning, controlling, or operating a generating system that supplies electricity to, or who otherwise supplies electricity to, a transmission or distribution network.



“large-embedded generation installation” for the purpose of this User Guide, a large-embedded generation installation is defined as: All other embedded generation installation not covered by the requirements of the Australian Standard AS 4777, Grid connection of energy systems via inverters. This definition includes but is not necessarily limited to such initiatives as: • photovoltaic (PV) installations greater than 10 kVA (single phase) or 30 kVA (three phase); • large fuel-cell installations; • wind turbine generating units; • synchronous and asynchronous generating units driven by hydro turbines; and • synchronous generating units driven by gas engines, gas turbines or diesel engines. The final mentioned category includes any commercial plant which is operated and connected in parallel with the distribution network by arrangement with SA Power Networks for the purpose of demand management or for routine on-load testing. “nameplate capacity” means the maximum continuous output (in kW or MW) of an item of equipment as specified by the manufacturer, or as subsequently modified; “National Electricity Rules (NER)” means the rules as defined in the National Electricity Law as set out in the Schedule to the National Electricity (South Australia) Act 1996; “Proponent” means the Generator, Customer or developer or their agent (i.e. Consulting Engineers); “Retailer” means the holder of an electricity retail licence granted under the Electricity Act, 1996, who is contracted to sell electricity to the Customer at the Supply Address; “small-embedded generation installation” For the purpose of this User Guide a small-embedded generation installation is defined as: An embedded generation installation complying with the requirements of the Australian Standard AS 4777, Grid connection of energy systems via inverters, Parts 1, 2 & 3: • Part 1: Installation Requirements; • Part 2: Inverter Requirements; and • Part 3: Grid Protection Requirements. This definition includes but is not necessarily limited to Generating Systems such as: • photovoltaic (PV) installations; • small wind turbine generating units • small fuel-cell installations; “Supply” means the delivery of electricity “supply address” means the address at which SA Power Networks supply the Generator and / or Customer with electricity; “transmission network” means ElectraNet’s electricity transmission network.



Appendix B: Detailed Description of the Connection Application Process Generally large embedded generation connection enquiries will fall into one of two categories, namely:

• large embedded generating units that must comply with Chapter 5 of the National Electricity Rules; or

• large embedded generating units that must comply with Chapter 5A of the National Electricity and SA Power Networks specific requirements for the connection of embedded generating units to the distribution network, (i.e. exempt under Chapter 5 the National Electricity Rules).

The requirements and procedures differ between the two categories and are addressed separately in this Guideline. However for both categories it is essential for the Proponent to contact SA Power Networks as early as possible during the conceptual design stage so that SA Power Networks can advise on the feasibility or otherwise of the proposed connection of an embedded generating unit in relation to the proposed location within the distribution network.

B.1 Generators that must be compliant with Chapter 5 of the NER The National Electricity Rules regulates the access to the distribution network of embedded generators, subject to the embedded generating units nameplate capacity and MWh of energy generated. Chapter 5 of the NER provides the framework for this access and aims to: • detail the principles and User Guides governing the connection and access to a network; • establish the process to be followed; • address the Proponent’s reasonable expectations of the level and standard of power

transfer capability; and • establish the process to ensure ongoing future compliance with the technical

requirements of the connection with the network. B.2 Generators that must be compliant with Chapter 5A of the NER Chapter 5A of the National Electricity Rules regulates the access to the distribution network of Embedded Generators in South Australia and applies to: • any large Embedded Generator that is not required to be a Code Participant in accordance

with the National Electricity Rules; or • any large Embedded Generator that is exempt under the Electricity Regulations 1997 from

the requirement to be licensed as a Generator under the Electricity Act. B.3 The Connection Application Process SA Power Networks has established procedures in place to process requests for connection of embedded generating units to the distribution network that must comply with the NER. Prior to connection of an embedded generating unit to the distribution network, SA Power Networks must carry out a detailed analysis study of the network. This is to verify that the proposed installation of the embedded generating unit will not cause any adverse effects on the network.



On receipt of an initial or preliminary enquiry for the connection of an embedded generating unit, SA Power Networks will prepare a preliminary response to the Proponent, which will include: • a description of our process • a description of the requirements that you must comply with • information which you must prepare to enable SA Power Networks to process an

Application for a Connection Service: • the amount of the Offer Preparation Fee, payable on lodgement of an Application for a

Connection Service, to cover: § SA Power Networks’ costs to complete the investigation and prepare the Offer to

Connect; § costs anticipated to be incurred by AEMO and other Network Service Providers

(NSP) who may participate in the assessment of the Application for a Connection Service; and

• If applicable all other information required in accordance with Clause 5.3 of the NER. For the proposed project to proceed beyond a preliminary enquiry, an Application for a Connection Service must be submitted by the Proponent. The Application for a Connection Service must include the technical details of the proposed generating unit(s), proposed export capacity and the proposed Connection Point and also include the payment of the Application for a Connection Service fee. Refer to the NER for timelines associated with the application process and the proposed generation plant data to be submitted in the Application for a Connection Service. On receipt of your Application for a Connection Service, SA Power Networks will provide you with an Offer to Connect as outlined below: • All costs payable by the Customer for SA Power Networks to undertake all of the

electricity infrastructure work required to connect the Generating System; • An Network Ongoing Connection Contract which will cover the terms and conditions of

the ongoing supply/connection; and • A Construction Terms agreement.

It is recognised that preliminary enquiries into the feasibility of an embedded generator connection may not proceed past the preliminary investigation. On this basis, SA Power Networks will offer our consultancy services to undertake the high-level feasibility investigations and provide indicative costs for the possible connection options to assist with the planning development of the project. There is the potential that a portion of the costs incurred in the preliminary investigations may be discounted from the Application for a Connection Service fee, where the details of the preliminary investigation can be utilised in the detailed network analysis and Engineering Report. It is entirely at your option whether you wish to engage SA Power Networks to act as your consultant. You have statutory rights to require SA Power Networks to proceed with processing your Application for a Connection Service and it is entirely at your discretion whether you wish to, instead of relying on those rights, proceed with engaging SA Power Networks to act as your consultant. B.4 TNSP and AEMO notification SA Power Networks must advise the Transmission Network Service Provider (TNSP), ElectraNet, of any proposed connection of embedded generation above 10 MW and advise AEMO for embedded generation connections of 30 MW or greater. At certain locations, the



TNSP will also need to be advised even though the embedded generating unit may be less than 10 MW in size but is significant when compared to the TNSP’s Connection Point capacity at that location. If the TNSP is notified then the connection of embedded generation will also be subject to the specific requirements of the TNSP. The TNSP and / or AEMO may require that a set of dynamic stability and network response studies be undertaken for the proposed connection of the generating unit(s) to check their acceptability under a normally expected envelope of operating conditions and a standard set of transient fault conditions. In addition AEMO may undertake their own review of the engineering studies. AEMO will charge the Embedded Generators for any of this work they deem is required. Any costs associated with the dynamic modelling and any costs incurred by the Transmission Network Service Provider and AEMO will be passed through to the embedded generator.



Appendix C: Detailed Description of the Technical Issues for Consideration Embedded generating systems that are capable of being operated in parallel with the distribution network must be assessed for the potential impact the generating system may have on the local distribution network and the suitability of the installation with respect to SA Power Networks’ requirements. This requirement applies to all generating systems that have the capability to connect to the distribution network. Embedded generating systems must comply with all requirements in this User Guide, including: • Generating System Protection; • Generating System Fault Level Contribution; • Quality of Supply to SA Power Networks’ other Network users, including


• Remote Monitoring and Control, including • Interface requirements; and • Communications protocols.

• Generating System Control; • Generating Unit Earthing; and • Generating System Metering.

C.1 Embedded generation protection requirements The protection shall be designed in accordance with the applicable regulations and SA Power Networks’ standards, which require a main and back-up set of protection to detect all credible fault types. The protection must include sufficient redundancy to ensure that a faulted element within the protection zone is disconnected from the distribution network within the applicable fault clearance time with any single protection element (including communications upon which that protection system depends) out of service. The Embedded Generator must submit complete details of the generator protection system including the proposed settings to SA Power Networks for review and agreement. Where deemed necessary for export Generating System, an inter-trip protection scheme shall be installed to trip the embedded generating unit when the distribution network is de-energised via the network protection. The inter-trip scheme is in addition to the embedded generating unit protection requirements. In addition to the protection installed for the embedded generating unit, the Embedded Generator must install a protection system so that: • The embedded generating unit cannot connect to the distribution network unless all

phases of the distribution network are energised at the Connection Point. The connection must ensure synchronisation before closure. If one or more phases of the distribution network are lost, then the embedded generating unit must disconnect from the distribution network;



• The protective equipment is operating within the agreed protection settings; • If a system abnormality occurs that results in an unacceptable deviation of voltage or

frequency at the Connection Point, the embedded generating unit must be disconnected from the distribution network; and

• The embedded generating unit is to automatically disconnect from the distribution network in the event of failure of any supplies to the protection equipment that would inhibit its correct operation.

When any of these conditions are detected, the embedded generating unit must be disconnected from the distribution network at an agreed circuit breaker within the Embedded Generator’s installation that must ensure complete disconnection. Most of SA Power Networks’ distribution feeders are programmed for automatic re-closing 2 to 5 seconds after successful clearance of a feeder fault. Failure of the customer’s equipment to disconnect during an SA Power Networks’ loss of supply may result in damage to Embedded Generator’s equipment. To detect these conditions, as set out above, the Embedded Generator must install protection, which includes the following elements: Loss of Mains/Anti islanding The embedded generating unit must be disconnected whenever the distribution network is de-energised. For example, whenever the SA Power Networks’ substation circuit breaker and / or recloser controlling the feeder that supplies the embedded generating unit’s Connection Point operates either for a fault or switching operation, then the embedded generating unit must disconnect from the distribution network. Unless suitable anti islanding protection has been agreed by SA Power Networks, a communication link is required between the embedded generator and the SA Power Networks substation. This link must be continuously monitored for integrity. In the event that the link fails, the embedded generating unit must be automatically disconnected from the distribution network until the communications link is restored. Synchronising Facilities The embedded generating unit control system must include synchronising facilities at the circuit breaker that interfaces with the distribution network and / or where ever else that it is proposed to synchronise the embedded generating unit with the distribution network. Under/Over Frequency Under and over frequency protection must be installed at the Connection Point. The frequency protection set point will be based on the Embedded Generator’s proposed distribution network connection arrangement and operating requirements. The protection settings will be determined at the design stage and subject to the results of the network study and subsequent Engineering Report. Under/Over Voltage Under and over voltage protection must be installed to monitor all three phases at the Connection Point. This protection is set to detect if the phase to neutral voltage on any phase at this point exceeds predetermined values, which will be based on the embedded generator’s proposed distribution network connection arrangement and operating requirements. The



over/under voltage protection settings will be determined at the design stage and subject to the results of the network study and subsequent Engineering Report. Over-current and Earth Fault Over-current and earth fault protection must be installed on the embedded generating unit. This protection is set to detect faults within the Embedded Generator’s installation and the distribution network. This protection must grade with the distribution network protection, and requires use of lowest high speed protection, (i.e. no intentional delay). Protection equipment requirements All protection equipment must comply with the relevant IEC standards. All protection equipment must be tested and commissioned by a competent commissioning officer, to the agreed settings, and a certified copy of the commissioning results plus a Certificate of Compliance for the complete large-embedded generating unit installation must be issued by the Embedded Generator to SA Power Networks prior to connection to the distribution network. The Embedded Generator must keep a written record of all protection settings and test results. A copy of this record should be available at the Connection Point or as required by SA Power Networks.

C.2 Specific non-export embedded generation protection requirements Non-export embedded generating units may include generating units which do not export to the distribution network and are designed to:

• momentarily parallel with the distribution network for no load break transfer operation; or

• operate connected to the distribution network for routine operational maintenance and testing; or

• operate as demand side management / peak lopping embedded generating units; or • operate as co-generation embedded generating units connected to the distribution

network. In addition to the protection requirements specified in Section C.1 all non-export embedded generating units must include minimum import power protection to prevent the inadvertent export of electricity into the distribution network. The minimum import power protection must include three phase power monitoring relays installed at the Service Point, to ensure a minimum level of demand is continuously supplied by the Network, in turn preventing the embedded generating unit exporting power to the distribution network. This power monitoring protection is to be set to ensure electricity is always imported from the distribution network; (typically a minimum threshold of 10% of the nominal supply rating to the customer’s installation). Whenever the electricity import level from the distribution network drops below this threshold for more than 0.4 seconds, the embedded generating unit must be disconnected from the distribution network. The minimum import protection circuit must be of fail safe design.

C.3 Generating System fault level contribution The embedded generating unit may raise the fault levels of the distribution network beyond the safe operating level of SA Power Networks’ and our existing Network users equipment.



This must be determined at the design stage. Any additional short circuit fault current sources are to be carefully managed and the Embedded Generator will bear the costs that SA Power Networks may incur in respect of fault level control. C.4 Quality of supply considerations Generating System must not impact on the quality of supply to SA Power Networks’ other Network Users. The Generating System must comply with all applicable requirements of the NER and the EDC, including but not limited to:


Single phase embedded generation SA Power Networks does not permit the connection to either the low voltage (LV) or high voltage (HV) distribution networks of single phase embedded generating unit installations unless the unit(s) comply with AS 4777. Low voltage embedded generation Unless otherwise agreed by SA Power Networks, connection of three phase generating unit(s) with SA Power Networks’ shared LV distribution network is not permitted (i.e. where more than one customer is connected to the HV transformer via SA Power Networks LV distribution network). C.5 Remote Monitoring and Control The remote monitoring and control requirements for export and non export Generating Systems are outlined below. The exact requirement will be determined during SA Power Networks’ assessment of the proposed embedded generator connection to the distribution network. The nameplate capacity and operational requirements of the proposed embedded generating system in relation to the capacity of the distribution network at the proposed connection point will influence the actual interface and communications requirements. Where required the communications link must be continuously monitored for integrity. In the event that the link fails the embedded generating unit must be automatically disconnected from the distribution network until the communications link is restored. Export Generating Systems For export embedded generation installations the following interface must be provided:

• embedded generating unit status (Connected / Disconnected / Fault); • embedded generating unit output status (kW, kVAR, Amps, Volts); and • inter-trip protection.

Non Export Generating Systems For non-export embedded generation installations with a nameplate capacity greater than 1MW the following interface must be provided:

• embedded generating unit status (Connected / Disconnected / Fault); and • embedded generating unit output status (kW, kVAR, Amps, Volts).



C.6 Generating System control General Requirements The Embedded Generator must ensure that each point capable of paralleling the embedded generating unit to the distribution network contains suitable protection and control as detailed in this User Guide. Means of Isolation The Embedded Generator must provide a means of isolation, capable of disconnecting the whole of the customer’s electrical system from the distribution network, and vice versa. This means of isolation must be lockable, in the open position only, by a separate padlock. Synchronising & Synchronising Check Facilities The Embedded Generator must supply synchronising and synchronising check facilities at the embedded generator’s circuit breaker that interfaces with the distribution network and where ever else the Embedded Generator may choose to synchronise. These facilities are to include a dead bus check system to prevent the customer closing the embedded generating unit onto the distribution network when it is de-energised. Note: SA Power Networks’ circuit breakers are not fitted with synchronising facilities. Generating Unit Control The embedded generating unit must be fitted with either automatic or operator controlled equipment, which ensures that frequencies, voltage, and phase sequences are identical before connection to the distribution network. In addition, the equipment must ensure that after a disconnection there is no chance of re-closing onto the distribution network before synchronising is completed. To ensure control over real and reactive power contribution to the distribution network, adequate control must be provided over both the governor (regarding input motive power to the rotor) and the excitation system (controlling output voltage level). The embedded generating unit’s kW and kVAr output must be controlled within the agreed limits. A nominal full load Power Factor of 0.85 (+/- 0.05) and not less than 0.8 lagging must be achieved. Final operating ramp rates and power factor requirements for the embedded generating unit will be identified by the network studies and included within the Engineering Report. C.7 Generator earthing High Voltage Generators High voltage embedded generating units directly connected to the distribution network must have their neutral effectively isolated from earth; (i.e. isolated or earthed via high impedance). This is to limit any contribution to a distribution network earth fault, and inhibit the flow of harmonic currents through the neutral. Low Voltage Generators Embedded generating units connected to the distribution network via a delta/star transformer, (delta on the network side), may have their neutral directly connected to earth. However, effective isolation of this neutral will normally be required to inhibit the flow of harmonic currents through the neutral. The Embedded Generator is to investigate and advise SA Power Networks on their proposed method to limit harmonic currents through the neutral. The Embedded Generator’s proposed scheme would be subject to commissioning and testing.



Appendix D: Information Required for an Application for a Connection Service Should you wish to proceed with an Application for a Connection Service, based on the type of Generating Units as well as the nameplate capacity of the entire Generating System you must complete and return the information requested in either Table D.1 or D.2. Table D.1 Information Required for an Application for a Connection Service - Generating Systems AS4777 compliant and less than 1,000kW nameplate capacity

Customer Supplied Data Comment

Site Details

Customer NMI Site Address

Site Load: • Maximum (kVA) • Minimum (kVA) • Auxiliary supply arrangement if required

End User End User (Customer) Name

Inverter Details

Total inverter capacity (kW) Inverter manufacturer Inverter size and model

Installer Details

Installer Business Name Installer Name

Installer BCSE Accreditation Number

Connection Arrangement

New or Existing Connection o New Connection

o Existing Connection

Voltage at which Customer requests/has connection to SA Power Networks

o 230/400V

o 11kV

o 33kV

o 66kV

Generating System Voltage

o 230/400V

o 11kV

o 33kV

o 66kV

Connection arrangement of the installation, including a detailed single line diagram showing all required protection devices

--- Continued on Next Page ---

Between 200kW and 1,000kW nameplate capacity and AS4777 compliant



Table D.1 (continued) Information Required for an Application for a Connection Service - Generating Systems AS4777 compliant and less than 1,000kW nameplate capacity


Connection Arrangement (cont’d)

Single Line Diagram showing connection arrangement of the inverters

Consumer and sub mains size / type / number of cables

Site Plans - detailed site plans

Operating Philosophy

Operating philosophy should describe: • Expected Generating Unit operating

duration • Loss and return of SA Power Networks

supply

Attach to form

Customer Owned Transformer Information

Size (kVA)

Impedance …... % on Rating base

Transformer arrangement (Refer Note 1) Protection Details

Product specification/details on the proposed anti-islanding protection Attach to form

Proposed protection settings, value and delay, for the inverters: Setting Delay (sec)

Over-voltage (V) Under-voltage (V) Over-frequency (f) Under-frequency (f) Active anti-islanding Program Dates

Construction Start & Completion date Forecast Generating System connection date

1. SA Power Networks requires no zero sequence current contribution into the Network under fault conditions (typically achieved by a transformer with a delta on the network side).

Between 200kW and 1,000kW nameplate capacity and AS4777 compliant



Table D.2 Information Required for an Application for a Connection Service - Generating Systems not AS4777 compliant or greater than 1,001kW nameplate capacity Customer Supplied Data Comment

General Information

Location

o Customer NMI

……………………………………….. or o Location Map (attach to form)

New or Existing Connection o New Connection

o Existing Connection

Voltage at which Customer requests/has connection to SA Power Network

o 230/400V

o 11kV

o 33kV

o 66kV

Generating System Voltage

o 230/400V

o 11kV

o 33kV

o 66kV

Frequency of Connection of Generating System

o Testing (once per month)

o Other (ie base load or peaking)

Connection Capability o Export

o Non Export

Construction Start & Completion Date

Forecast Generating System connection date


Greater than 1,000kW nameplate capacity or non AS4777 compliant



Table D.2 (continued) Information Required for an Application for a Connection Service - Generating Systems not AS4777 compliant or greater than 1,001kW nameplate capacity


Technical Information – Generating Units

Generating System Capacity (kW or MW)

Number of individual Generating Units

Data Sheet for each type of Generating Unit showing: • Type and Technology • Size (kW) • Power factor capability • Reactive Power control • Sub-transient reactance • Over and under voltage

capability

Attach Data Sheet

The power factor capability shall be in the form of a capability curve or similar.

Generating Unit Model Information

Provide in appropriate format

Only required for dynamic studies. Refer specific requirements on SA Power Networks’ website

Technical Information – Customer Owned Transformers Only

Size (kVA)

Impedance ….. % on Rating base

Transformer arrangement Refer Note 1

Technical Information – Reactive Power Support

Reactive Power Support system details

Capacity (MVAR)





Table D.2 (continued) Information Required for an Application for a Connection Service - Generating Systems not AS4777 compliant or greater than 1,001kW nameplate capacity


Technical Information – Installation Details

Single Line Diagram Attach to form

Protection SLD Attach to form If not shown on Single Line Diagram

Customer cable sizes and lengths

Customer cable is from the Connection Point to the Generating Unit

Site Load: • Maximum (kVA) • Minimum (kVA) • Auxiliary supply

arrangement if required

Operating Philosophy Attach to form

To describe: • Expected Generating Unit

operating duration • Loss and return of SA

Power Networks supply Anticipated Export Energy (kWh)

Site Layout Drawing Attach to form Applicable for export or greater than 1MW only

Control Room Layout Attach to form Applicable for export or greater than 1MW only

Nature of any disturbing load or generation

Attach to form

Include size of disturbing component MW/MVAr, duty cycle and nature of power electronic plant which may produce harmonic distortion.

1. SA Power Networks requires no zero sequence current contribution into the Network under fault conditions (typically achieved by a transformer with a delta on the network side).


large embedded generation user guide b - sa power networks

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