lapse-lean application in software engineering

8/9/2019 LAPSE-Lean Application in Software Engineering

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LAPSE

Lean Application in Software Engineering

A summer project report

submitted by

SANDEEP S JANNU

MS13A056

in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree

MBA

DEPARMEN !" MANA#EMEN SUD$ES

%J&l'( )01*+

1


2/25

)


3/25

ABLE !" ,!NENS

1 E-ec&ti.e S&//ar'

) Proect !ecti.e2

3 Proect Scope

* Uner2taning Lean

5 LAPSE 4 Lean Application for Software Engineering

6 Lean ool2

,oncl&2ion

Reference2

E-ec&ti.e S&//ar'

3


4/25

7i2 proect report pro.ie2 an anal'2i2 an 2t&' of t7e Lean Met7oolog' &2e /o2tl'

in t7e /an&fact&ring 2ector an fining rele.ance an applicailit' in t7e area of

Software engineering( 7ence we 7a.e na/e t7e proect a2 LAPSE( Lean Application2 in

Software Engineering8 A2 part of t7i2 2t&' we 7a.e anal'9e ifferent lean tool2 an

&ner2too t7e/ in etail regaring t7e 2pecific oecti.e2( i/ple/entation 2tep2 an t7e

application2 t7at co&l e /appe to 2oftware engineering proce22e28

!nce t7e initial 2t&' wa2 one( we f&rt7er /o.e on to create a 2tr&ct&re fra/ewor:

for appl'ing t7e 2a/e in t7e co/panie28 A2 part of LAPSE we 7a.e 2&gge2te a two

p7a2e i/ple/entation approac7 w7ic7 wo&l 7elp t7e organi9ation to ac7ie.e 2tailit'

an capailit' accoringl'8 Specific lean tool2 wo&l e &2e to create a tailore progra/

for eac7 organi9ation 2o a2 to cater to it2 2pecific nee28

;e 7a.e trie to ring in t7e 2cenario2 in Software Engineering w7ile i2c&22ing t7e

applicailit' &t t7i2 proect report can e ettere ' ringing in all t7e application2 an

' /a:ing it e-7a&2ti.e8


5/25

=PM# i2 one of t7e leaing pro.ier of a&it( ta- an a.i2or' 2er.ice28 $t operate2 in 156

co&ntrie2 an 7a2 /ore t7an 155000 people in all t7e /e/er fir/2 aro&n t7e worl8 $t i2 a

tr&2te a.i2or to )> of t7e "ort&ne 500 co/panie28

=PM# wa2 e2tali27e in $nia in Septe/er 1??3( an 7a2 rapil' &ilt a 2ignificant

co/petiti.e pre2ence in t7e co&ntr'8 $t operate2 fro/ it2 office2 in M&/ai( P&ne( Del7i( =ol:ata(

,7ennai( Bangalore(


6/25

7e oecti.e of t7e proect i2 to create a fra/ewor: &2ing t7e Lean Met7oologie2 %a concept

well 2&ite in t7e /an&fact&ring 2ector+ w7ic7 can e i/ple/ente in .ario&2 co/panie2 in t7e

$ES 2ector for i/pro.e/ent in t7eir &2ine22 proce22e287i2 i2 eing one ' fir2t of all &ner2taning t7e principle2 e7in lean /et7oolog' ( t7e

ifferent tool2 eing &2e a2 part of t7e lean /et7oolog' ' t7e .ario&2 organi9ation2 an t7en

tr'ing to create a progra/ w7ic7 can e i/ple/ente in a p7a2e /anner 2o t7at t7e co/panie2

can e gi.en a 2tr&ct&re fra/ewor: for i/pro.ing &pon t7eir &2ine22 proce22e28 Al2o we proe

into t7e po22iilit' of fining t7e application2 of lean an /apping t7e/ to t7e 2oftware proce22e2

incl&ing ot7 t7e Engineering proce22e2 an t7e &2ine22 proce22e28

Proect Scope

7e proect wa2 2tarte a2 Lean co/petenc' A22e22/ent Mentoring Progra/ %L,AMP+ w7ere

t7e ai/ wa2 to /ap t7e lean application an t7e co/petenc' of people in t7e organi9ation 8B&t

later t7e 2cope of t7e proect wa2 f&rt7er /o.e to t7e area of applicailit' of Lean in

organi9ation2 2pecificall' targeting t7e Software Engineering to i/pro.e t7e proce22e2 8


7/25

LEAN Software De.elop/ent Principle2

Lean 2oftware e.elop/ent i2 a2e on a2ic fi.e principle2 w7ic7 /a:e2 it a 2pecial wa' of

2oftware e.elop/ent8

Specif' value fro/ t7e 2tanpoint of t7e en c&2to/er ' pro&ct fa/il'8

$entif' all t7e 2tep2 in t7e value stream for eac7 pro&ct fa/il'( eli/inating e.er' 2tep an

e.er' action an e.er' practice t7at oe2 not create .al&e8

Ma:e t7e re/aining .al&e@creating 2tep2 occ&r in a tig7t an integrate 2e&ence 2o t7e

pro&ct will flow 2/oot7l' towar t7e c&2to/er8

A2 flow i2 intro&ce( let c&2to/er2 pull .al&e fro/ t7e ne-t &p2trea/ acti.it'8

A2 t7e2e 2tep2 lea to greater tran2parenc'( enaling /anager2 an tea/2 to eli/inate f&rt7er

wa2te( p&r2&e perfection t7ro&g7 contin&o&2 i/pro.e/ent

$/ple/entation of t7e "ra/ewor:C


8/25


9/25

LAPSE 4 P7a2e $C


10/25

LAPSE 4 P7a2e $$C


11/25

t7e progra//e8

Lean ool2

A2 part of t7e LAPSE fra/ewor: t7e ifferent Lean tool2 were anal'9e for practical

applicailit' into t7e Software Engineering proce22e2 an following i2 t7e o.er.iew( application

an t7e i/ple/entation of t7e/8

5 S @ !ecti.e2

o re&ce wa2te an opti/i9e pro&cti.it' t7ro&g7 /aintaining an orerl' wor:place to

ac7ie.e /ore con2i2tent operational re2&lt2

7e 5 S fra/ewor: 7a2 t7e following p7a2e2(

Sort %eli/inate t7at w7ic7 i2 not neee+

Set $n !rer %organi9e re/aining ite/2+

S7ine %clean an in2pect wor: area+

11


12/25

Stanari9e %write 2tanar2 for ao.e+

S&2tain %reg&larl' appl' t7e 2tanar2+

5S 4 Application

,onfig&ration Manage/ent

Eli/inate t7e &n&2e wor: pro&ct2 or config&ration ite/2 2&c7 a2 t7e

$n2tallation log2( te2t tool2 ( 7arware an e&ip/ent(etc fro/ t7e wor:ing

en.iron/ent

Set t7e config&ration ite/2 in orer ' 7a.ing t7e/ all acce22ile in t7e proect

en.iron/ent

Upate t7e controlling c7ange2 (pro.ie acc&rate 2tat&2 an c&rrent config&ration

ata to e.eloper2( en &2er2( an c&2to/er2


13/25

&alit' Manage/ent S'2te/

"ilter an 2elect t7e oecti.e2 of &alit' rele.ant to t7e organi9ation

Prioriti9e an 2tr&ct&re t7e2e oecti.e2 an co/e &p wit7 t7e &alit' policie2

(/an&al2

Set &p t7e &alit' proce22e2 in an organi9ation an al2o en2&re t7at t7e

co/pliance towar2 t7e &alit' policie2

Set &p enc7/ar:2 2&c7 a2 ac7ie.ing certification2 2&c7 a2 ,MM$( $S!($$L(etc

at organi9ation le.el

S&2tain t7e2e practice2 an contin&o&2l' i/pro.e

$n 2oftware e.elop/ent one or /ore p7a2e2 of t7e 5S fra/ewor: can e effecti.el'

i/ple/ente to a partic&lar proce22

Sort

Re&ire/ent Anal'2i2 @ B&il not7ing /ore t7an t7e c&2to/er re&ire28

Decon2tr&ct &2er re&ire/ent2 into Mini/&/ Mar:etale "eat&re2 %MM"2+8

Dont engage in acti.itie2 t7at re2&lt in 9ero .al&e to t7e pro&ct or t7e c&2to/er

Set in orer

Sc7e&ling ( Proect Planning @ !rgani9e tea/ an proect2 to opti/i9e flow of

wor: an /ini/i9e t7e &ration of wor: in proce22

S7ine

,onfig&ration Manage/ent @ Arc7i.e an re/o.e &n&2e or partiall' co/plete

2'2te/2( feat&re2( an co/ponent28

Software De2ign ,oing @ Drop o2olete ataa2e tale2( foreign :e'2( etc8

Re/o.e 2&per2ee coe8 Lea.e not7ing in t7e en.iron/ent t7at oe2nt a

.al&e

Stanari9e

Software De2ign ,oing @ ;it7in t7e 2oftware e.er't7ing 27o&l e 7anle in

a 2tanari9e wa'8 So t7e arc7itect&re 27o&l efine 2tanar2 an al2o t7e

2pecific e2ign8

13


14/25

"or E8g8 it co&l e a 2tanar t7at all co/ponent2 of a larger 2'2te/

co//&nicate to eac7 ot7er wit7 a RES interface onl'8

S&2tain

7i2 p7a2e i2 w7ere 5S 7a2 now to :eep t7e 2tate a2 2een in t7e pre.io&2 p7a2e2

an to e.en i/pro.e it8 Al2o perfor/ reg&lar /onitoring of perfor/ance &2ing

t7e /etric2

"MEA @ "ail&re Moe an Effect2 Anal'2i2

!.er.iew

A 2'2te/atic tec7ni&e for fail&re anal'2i2

$2 a powerf&l /et7o for &ner2taning potential i22&e2 an prole/2 to proce22e2 efore

t7e' 7appen8

$t i2 a foreca2ting tool an allow2 to e2ign &alit' an 2afet' into a pro&ct an a proce22

' eli/inating t7e po22ile prole/2 t7at co&l 7appen8

A2 t7e gro&p ientifie2 ri2:2( a .al&e i2 attac7e to eac7 of 3 re&ire para/eter2 for eac7

ri2:8 7o2e para/eter2 areC

7e 2e.erit' of t7e fail&re %Se.erit'+

7e li:eli7oo of a fail&re occ&rring %!cc&rrence+

7e li:eli7oo of a fail&re eing etecte %Detection+

A.antage2 of "MEA

S/oot7 pro&ction proce22e2 ( re&ce co2t2 (long la2ting pro&ct can e

pro&ce (/ini/i9e pro&ct fail&re2( earl' ri2: ientification( trac: proce22

i/pro.e/ent2

"MEA $/ple/entation Application

"MEA can e i/ple/ente in t7e following 2tep2

Re.iew t7e proce22

$entif' fail&re /oe2

Li2t t7e effect2 an ca&2e2

1*


15/25

#i.e eac7 ite/ a 2e.erit' 2core %1 to 10+

#i.e eac7 ite/ an occ&rrence 2core%1 to 10+

#i.e eac7 ite/ a etection 2core %1 to 10+

,alc&late Ri2: priorit' n&/er

De.elop an action plan %Mitigation Plan+

Fal&e Strea/ Mapping

!ecti.e

Fal&e Strea/ Map2 e-i2t for two p&rpo2e2C

o 7elp organi9ation2 ientif' an en wa2tef&l acti.itie2

o fin prole/2 fin a /ore efficient proce22

7e en goal of t7e tec7ni&e i2 to /a:e t7e co/pan' Glean(G /eaning free of wa2te

effort

A2 part of FSM an' proce22 will e 2egregate into two

Fal&e@ae

Non .al&e@ae

FSM re2&lt2 in an opti/i9e proce22 ' re/o.ing t7e [email protected]&e ae acti.itie2

15

FSM i2 a


16/25

FSM@Application

ec7nical Sol&tion

"ir2t t7e proce22 area (i8e8 ec7nical Sol&tion i2 anal'9e to &ner2tan t7e

proce22

7e acti.itie2 are t7en i.ie into

Fal&e ae C Specific coe feat&re2 t7e c&2to/er want2( c7ange re&e2t2

Non@Fal&e ae C Error2 (Defect2( ,o//&nication i22&e2( ela'2

Specific target2 for re&cing t7e2e [email protected]&e ae acti.itie2 2&c7 a2 targete

Re.iew effecti.ene22( no of efect2 (,o2t of &alit' are 2et &p

16


17/25

7e2e [email protected]&e ae acti.itie2 are t7en i/pro.e ' appl'ing 2pecific

2trategie2 2&c7 a2 e/plo'ing re&2ale co/ponent2( or tool2 or training t7e

re2o&rce2( etc8

!rgani9ational Proce22 Perfor/ance &antitati.e Proect Manage/ent

$entif' t7e 2pecific proce22 or t7e /etric2 2&c7 a2 &alit' ( Pro&cti.it'( etc8

w7ic7 nee2 to e i/pro.e

,ollect t7e pre2ent ata of t7e2e /etric2 an capt&re t7e pre2ent perfor/ance

Set t7e enc7/ar: for t7e &alit' /etric2 t7at t7e organi9ation want2 to ac7ie.e

,o/e o&t wit7 2trategie2 to i/pro.e t7e2e 2pecific /etric2

$/ple/ent t7e 2trategie2 2o a2 to ac7ie.e t7e e2ire goal ' creating .al&e

Po:a Ho:e

!.er.iew

Po:a@'o:e2 are /ec7ani2/2 &2e to /i2ta:e@proof an entire proce22

$t en2&re2 t7at proper conition2 e-i2t efore act&all' e-ec&ting a proce22 2tep( pre.enting

efect2 fro/ occ&rring in t7e fir2t place

$t pre.ent2 prole/2 ' /a:ing pro&ct2 le22 prone to /i2&2e

Po:a@'o:e can e cla22ifie into

Pre.ention@Ba2e Po:a@Ho:e2 4 7e2e 2en2e an anor/alit' t7at i2 ao&t to

7appen( an t7en 2ignal t7e occ&rrence or 7alt proce22ing

o ,ontrol Met7o @ 7i2 /et7o 2en2e2 a prole/ an 2top2 a line or

proce22( 2o t7at correcti.e action can ta:e place i//eiatel'( t7&2

a.oiing 2erial efect generation

o ;arning Met7o @ 7i2 /et7o 2ignal2 t7e occ&rrence of a e.iation or

tren of e.iation2 t7ro&g7 warning 2ignal &t oe2 not 27&t own t7e

proce22

Detection@Ba2e Po:a@Ho:e2 4 7e' pre.ent efect2 t7e/ fro/ flowing to

own2trea/ proce22e2 an /&ltipl'ing t7e co2t of non@confor/ance

1


18/25

Po:a Ho:e $/ple/entation

Proce&re to i/ple/ent Po:a@Ho:e i2 a2 follow2

Define t7e potential Error2 or /i2ta:e2

$entif' Root ca&2e2

De.elop wa'2 to pre.ent error2

De.elop wa'2 to etect error2

,reate te2t 2ol&tion

$/ple/ent Sol&tion

Po:a Ho:e 4 Application2

$n Re&ire/ent2 Manage/ent ec7nical Sol&tion

"ollowing 2tep2 can e ta:en in Software proect for efect2 etection

Li2t all &2er 2cenario2 or en@to@en te2t ca2e2 for t7e application8

Anal'9e all t7e2e &2er 2cenario2 ' a2:ing 5@w7'2 &e2tion2 to &ner2tan t7e

wa'2 t7e2e 2cenario2 can fail8

De2ign an appl' a Po:a Ho:e tec7ni&e to a.oi t7e po22ile prole/2 %e8g8 t7i2

e2ign co&l e a 2i/ple &nit te2t to c7ec: if an' f&nction written i2 wor:ingproperl' or not+8

Ma:e 2&re t7e tec7ni&e e2igne to a.oi t7e efect i2 wor:ing properl' '

gi.ing error2 or warning /e22age for incorrect inp&t or 7aning of t7e &2er

2cenario

Mea2&re t7e 2&cce22 of t7i2 Po:a Ho:e proce228 ,7ec: if t7i2 tec7ni&e 7a2 reall'

pre.ente or ca&g7t efect2 w7en 7appening %' &2ing /etric2+

Anon

!.er.iew

A 2'2te/ to notif' /anage/ent( /aintenance( an ot7er wor:er2 of a &alit' or proce22

prole/8

1


19/25

7e 2'2te/ /a' incl&e a /ean2 to 2top t7e proce22 2o t7e i22&e can e correcte8

So/e /oern alert 2'2te/2 incorporate a&io alar/2( te-t( or ot7er i2pla'2

Anon @ Application

$ntegrate Proect Manage/ent

Define t7e rele.ant proect /etric2 t7at i2 to e trac:e

rac: t7e /etric2 at reg&lar /ile2tone2

,o/pare again2t t7e 2et enc7/ar:

Signal t7e anor/alit' in 7ealt7 if an' for f&rt7er action

Ri2: Manage/ent

Set@&p a proce22 in place for /onitoring t7e ri2:2

,o//&nicate i2c&22 all t7e proect infor/ation a/ong all 2ta:e7oler2

$entification of Ri2:2 &2ing "MEA

U2e an Anon 2'2te/ to co//&nicate t7e ri2: an t7e 2e.erit' for f&rt7er action

J&2t@$n@i/e %J$+

!.er.iew

J&2t in ti/e i2 a 2trateg' t7at foc&2e2 on re&cing in proce22 in.entor'


20/25

J$ i/ple/entation

7e J$ i/ple/entation 2tep2 are

De.elop people

Eli/inate wa2te in all area2

!pti/i9e t7e proce22 flow

$ncrea2e &alit'

$/pro.e contin&o&2l'

J$ Application

$n t7e waterfall /oel t7e &il&p of intellect&al in.entor' i2 2een in t7e .ario&2 life

c'cle 2tage2

$n.entor' of re&ire/ent2 i2 create efore t7e pro&ct can e e2igne

$n.entor' of e2ign i2 &ilt efore engineer2 can coe

Engineering pro&ce2 an in.entor' of &nte2te&gg' coe efore A can te2t

A &il2 &p an in.entor' of efect2 for engineering to go ac: an fi-

U2ing a J$ 2'2te/ t7i2 intellect&al in.entor'Kwa2te can e re&ce to a /ini/&/

"or e8g8 J$ Re&ire/ent2 Anal'2i2( Pro&ct $ntegration

)0


21/25

J&2t@in@i/e Re&ire/ent2 Anal'2i2 i2 t7e antit7e2i2 of traitional anal'2i28

De.elop people 4

E/plo'ee2 are traine on t7e new proce22 of re&ire/ent2 anal'2i2

/anage/ent

Eli/inate wa2te in all area2

Re&ire/ent2 are contin&o&2l' anal'9e an efine t7ro&g7o&t t7e life

c'cle of a proect

!pti/i9e t7e proce22 flow

Re&ire/ent2 are onl' anal'9e an efine w7en t7e' are neee for

planning or e.elop/ent 4 an onl' at t7e le.el of etail re&ire

$ncrea2e &alit'

;ill re2&lt in 27orter proect life c'cle( etter re&ire/ent2( le22 ri2:( an

an e.ol.ing a2eline t7at /eet2 t7e c7anging &2ine22 nee2 of c&2to/er


,ontin&e t7i2 proce22 again i/pro.e contin&o&2l'

=anan

!.er.iew

=anan i2 a 2c7e&ling 2'2te/ for lean an &2t@in@ti/e %J$+ pro&ction

=anan2 /aintain in.entor' le.el2 a 2ignal i2 2ent to pro&ce an eli.er a new

27ip/ent a2 /aterial i2 con2&/e8

7e =anan /et7o re&ce2 ri2: an increa2e2 fle-iilit' (re2&lting in a /ore re2ilient

e.elop/ent c'cle

Benefit2 of =anan C

!pti/i9e e-i2ting proce22

$/pro.e lea ti/e preictailit'

Deli.er wit7 7ig7er &alit'

$/pro.e e/plo'ee 2ati2faction

=anan @$/ple/entation

"ollowing fi.e core principle2 enale t7e =anan i/ple/entation

Fi2&ali9e t7e wor:flow

Li/it ;or:@in@progre22

)1


22/25

Mea2&re an /anage flow

Ma:e proce22 policie2 e-plicit


=anan i2 co/ine wit7 J$ in Re&ire/ent2 Manage/ent Pro&ct $ntegration

=anan /et7o ta:e2 an e-i2ting 2oftware e.elop/ent proce22 an re.eal2 etail2 ao&t

t7e c&rrent proce22 pro.iing .i2iilit'

7e 2oftware proce22 can e .i2&ali9e ' &2ing t7e =anan oar8 7i2 7elp2 to

&ner2tan t7e flow of t7e proce22

7e li/it on t7e wor:@in@progre22 con2train2 7ow /an' wor: ite/2 are t7ere in

eac7 of t7e 2oftware e.elop/ent life 2tage2


23/25

Stanari9e an operation an acti.itie2

Mea2&re t7e operation %&2e /etric2+

#a&ge /ea2&re/ent2 again2t re&ire/ent28

$nno.ate to /eet re&ire/ent2 an increa2e pro&cti.it'8

Stanari9e t7e new( i/pro.e operation28

,ontin&e c'cle

=ai9en 4 Application

=ai9en can e i/ple/ente in an' proce22 to i/pro.e it8

!nce t7e ot7er Lean tool2 are i/ple/ente =ai9en can e parallel' ta:en &p 2o a2 to

ac7ie.e greater re2&lt2

"or E8g8 =ai9en can e i/ple/ente in i/pro.ing t7e Re.iew proce22 in 2oftware

e.elop/ent a2 follow2

Stanari9e an operation an acti.itie2

#enerate a repeatale proce22 for t7e re.iew proce22 for a 2oftware

proect

Mea2&re t7e operation

U2e /etric2 2&c7 a2 re.iew effecti.ene22 of coe ( e2ign ( re&ire/ent

anal'2i2 etc8

#a&ge /ea2&re/ent2 again2t re&ire/ent28

,ollect ata on t7e /etric2 efine in t7e ao.e 2tep

$nno.ate to /eet re&ire/ent2 an increa2e pro&cti.it'8

Bring in 2ol&tion2 2&c7 a2 etter e2ti/ation tec7ni&e2( i/pro.ing coe

&alit'( etc8

Stanari9e t7e new( i/pro.e operation28

$/ple/ent t7e 2electe 2ol&tion an reefine t7e re.iew proce22

,ontin&e c'cle

Repeat t7e w7ole proce22 contin&o&2l' for etter re2&lt2

,oncl&2ion

)3


24/25

At t7e en of t7e proect perio $ wa2 2&cce22f&l in &ner2taning t7e Lean principle2 an t7e

ifferent Lean tool2 in etail( co.ering all t7e o.er.iew( i/ple/entation an t7e application

a2pect28 "ro/ t7e 2t&' an anal'2i2 of .ario&2 lean tool2 we 27ortli2te few tool2 w7ic7 wo&l

e rele.ant for &2age in t7e Software Engineering En.iron/ent8


25/25

Be2t of E.er't7ing ( $$L ( ,MMi (Lean Si- Sig/a ( SEP# )00 a/pa "L

;i:ipeia8org

En of Report

)5

lapse-lean application in software engineering

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