laporan skripsi implementasi dan analisis kinerja...
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LAPORAN SKRIPSI
IMPLEMENTASI DAN ANALISIS KINERJA VoIP SERVER BERBASIS
ASTERISK PADA JARINGAN MPLS
(Implementation and Performance Analysis of Asterisk VoIP Server is Based
on MPLS Network)
Disusun Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat Untuk Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Teknik
Program Studi Teknik Telekomunikasi
Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Telematika Telkom Purwokerto
Disusun oleh :
Meiva Dikna Adistya
13101059
PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK TELEKOMUNIKASI
SEKOLAH TINGGI TEKNOLOGI TELEMATIKA TELKOM
PURWOKERTO
2017
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KATA PENGANTAR
Puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah memberikan
rahmat serta hidayah-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyusun dan menyelesaikan
Laporan Skripsi ini. Penyusunan Skripsi ini merupakan salah satu syarat
kelulusan untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik (ST) pada Program Studi S1
Teknik Telekomunikasi Sekolah Tinggi Teknik Telematika Telkom
Purwokerto. Judul Skrispi ini, yaitu ”IMPLEMENTASI DAN ANALISIS
KINERJA VoIP SERVER BERBASIS ASTERISK PADA JARINGAN
MPLS”
Berbagai macam upaya yang telah penulis tempuh sehingga berhasil
melaksanakan serta menyelesaikan Laporan Skripsi ini tidak terlepas dari
dukungan pihak yang telah memberikan bantuan dan dukungan, baik berupa
bantuan moral maupun bantuan material kepada penulis. Untuk itu penulis
ingin mengucapkan terimakasih kepada :
1. Allah SWT yang telah memberikan kesehatan dan keteguhan hati selama
menempuh kehidupan di dunia ini, terutama di lingkungan STT
Telematika Telkom Purwokerto untuk memperoleh ilmu bagi masa depan.
2. Adi Suwito dan Siti Zaenab Setyo Eti terimaksih telah menjadi orang tua
yang luar biasa yang selalu memberikan dorongan semangat baik secara
langsung maupun secara tidak langsung, terimakasih telah menjadi
motivator yang luar biasa, serta atas kasih sayang yang tak tergantikan
dengan apapun dan dukungan moril maupun materil yang telah diberikan
kepada penulis.
3. Bapak Dadiek Pranindito, S.T., M.T selaku dosen pembimbing I dan Ibu
Norma Amalia, S.T., M.Eng selaku dosen pembimbing II yang telah
begitu banyak membantu penulis dengan penuh kesabaran dalam
memberikan ilmu dan bimbingan terbaik kepada penulis.
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DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL ...................................................................................... i
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ....................................................................... ii
HALAMAN PERNYATAAN ........................................................................ iii
KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................... iv
HALAMAN PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN AKADEMIS ...................... vi
ABSTRAKSI .................................................................................................. vii
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................... viii
DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................. ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR ...................................................................................... x
DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................... xi
DAFTAR SINGKATAN ................................................................................ xii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................... 1
1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah .................................................................. 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ........................................................................... 2
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................. 2
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ........................................................................... 2
1.5 Batasan Masalah .............................................................................. 3
1.6 Kaitan Judul Dengan Teknik Telekomunikasi ................................ 3
1.7 Metodologi Penelian ........................................................................ 3
1.8 Sistematika Penulisan ...................................................................... 5
BAB II DASAR TEORI ................................................................................. 7
2.1 Konsep Dasar Protokol TCP/IP ....................................................... 7
2.2 TCP dan UDP .................................................................................. 8
2.2.1 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) ............................................ 8
2.2.2 User Datagram Protocol (UDP) ..................................................... 8
2.3 Internet Protocol ............................................................................... 9
2.3.1 Kelas IP Address .............................................................................. 9
2.4 OSI Layer ........................................................................................ 10
2.5 Routing Protocol .............................................................................. 12
2.5.1 Tipe Routing Protocol ..................................................................... 13
2.5.2 OSPF Routing Protocol ................................................................... 13
2.6 Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) ............................................... 14
2.6.1 Sejarah VoIP .................................................................................... 14
2.6.2 Prinsip Kerja VoIP ........................................................................... 15
2.6.3 Komponen VoIP .............................................................................. 16
2.6.3.1 Voip Client .................................................................................. 16
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2.6.3.2 Proxy ........................................................................................... 18
2.7 Protokol Penunjang VoIP ................................................................ 20
2.7.1 Protokol SIP ..................................................................................... 20
2.7.2 Penamaan dan Pengalamatan SIP .................................................... 24
2.7.3 Pesan SIP ......................................................................................... 26
2.8 Codec ................................................................................................ 27
2.8.1 Codec G.711 ..................................................................................... 28
2.8.2 Codec G.722 ..................................................................................... 28
2.9 Quality Of Service (Qos) ................................................................. 28
2.9.1 Packet Loss ...................................................................................... 28
2.9.2 Delay................................................................................................ 29
2.9.3 Jitter ................................................................................................. 29
2.9.4 Throughput ...................................................................................... 30
2.10 Server Asterisk ............................................................................... 31
2.10.1 Fitur Penting Pada Asterisk ............................................................ 31
2.10.2 Fungsi Lain Asterisk ...................................................................... 32
2.10.3 Standar Pendukung Asterisk .......................................................... 32
2.11 Software Simulator GNS3 ............................................................. 33
2.12 Definisi Jaringan ............................................................................ 35
2.13 Tipe Jaringan ................................................................................. 35
2.13.1 LAN (Local Area Network) ........................................................... 35
2.13.2 WAN (Wide Area Network) ........................................................... 36
2.13.3 Internet ........................................................................................... 36
2.14 Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) ....................................... 37
2.14.1 Arsitektur MPLS ............................................................................ 37
2.14.2 Struktur Label Pada MPLS ............................................................ 38
2.14.3 Komponen MPLS ......................................................................... 40
2.14.4 Distribusi Label ............................................................................. 41
2.15 Wireshark ....................................................................................... 41
BAB III PERANCANGAN DAN IMPLEMENTASI PENELITIAN ............ 43
3.1 Tempat dan Waktu Pengambilan Data........................................... 43
3.2 Flowchart Pengerjaan .................................................................... 43
3.3 Persiapan Penelitian ....................................................................... 44
3.3.1 Perangkat Keras (Hardware) ......................................................... 44
3.3.2 Perangkat Lunak (Software) .......................................................... 47
3.4 Simulasi Penelitian ........................................................................ 48
3.4.1 Implementasi Jaringan ................................................................... 48
3.4.2 Perancangan Jaringan Backbone .................................................... 51
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3.4.2.1 Flowchart Perancangan Jaringan Backbone .................................. 51
3.4.2.2 Pembuatan Topologi Jaringan................ ....................................... 51
3.4.3 Perancangan VoIP Server Berbasis Asterisk ................................... 55
3.4.4 Registrasi User Client ...................................................................... 59
3.5 Parameter Analisa Data ................................................................. 66
3.5.1 Delay................................................................................................ 67
3.5.2 Packet Loss ...................................................................................... 67
3.5.3 Jitter ................................................................................................. 67
3.5.4 Throughput ...................................................................................... 68
3.6 Pengujian Kinerja Asterisk pada Backbone MPLS ........................ 68
3.6.1 Ping Test Antar Device .................................................................. 69
BAB IV PEMBAHASAN DAN ANALISA HASIL DATA .......................... 71
4.1 Hasil Data Simulasi Jaringan ........................................................ 71
4.2 Komparasi Performa Sistem Berdasarkan Codec ......................... 71
4.2.1 Throughput ...................................................................................... 72
4.2.2 Delay................................................................................................ 75
4.2.3 Jitter ................................................................................................. 79
4.2.4 Packet Loss ...................................................................................... 81
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ......................................................... 85
5.1 Kesimpulan .................................................................................... 85
5.2 Saran .............................................................................................. 86
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ..................................................................................... 87
LAMPIRAN ...................................................................................................
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1.1 Flowchart Penyusunan Skripsi ................................................... 5
Gambar 2.1 Pemodelan Layer TCP/IP............................................................ 7
Gambar 2.2 Header Protokol TCP ................................................................. 8
Gambar 2.3 Header Protokol UDP ................................................................. 9
Gambar 2.4 Alokasi alamat IP dengan skema ................................................ 10
Gambar 2.5 Pembagian Model OSI Layer ...................................................... 11
Gambar 2.6 Cara Kerja VoIP .......................................................................... 15
Gambar 2.7 Prinsip Kerja VoIP ...................................................................... 15
Gambar 2.8 Contoh Metode Kerja VoIP ........................................................ 16
Gambar 2.9 Contoh Softphone Pendukung VoIP............................................ 17
Gambar 2.10 IP Phone Block Diagram .......................................................... 18
Gambar 2.11 Arsitektur Softswitch ................................................................ 19
Gambar 2.12 SIP Trapesium ........................................................................... 21
Gambar 2.13 Komponen SIP .......................................................................... 22
Gambar 2.14 Panggilan SIP menggunakan Proxy Server ............................... 23
Gambar 2.15 Panggilan SIP Menggunakan Redirect Server .......................... 24
Gambar 2.16 Paggilan SIP menggunakan Register Server ............................. 24
Gambar 2.17 Arsitektur Asterisk .................................................................... 33
Gambar 2.18 Tampilan Workspace GNS3 ...................................................... 34
Gambar 2.19 Menu Bar GNS3 ....................................................................... 34
Gambar 2.20 Toolbars GNS3 ......................................................................... 34
Gambar 2.21 Konsep Jaringan WAN ............................................................. 36
Gambar 2.22 Arsitektur Jaringan MPLS ........................................................ 38
Gambar 2.23 Format Pemetaan Header MPLS .............................................. 39
Gambar 2.24 Komponen MPLS ..................................................................... 40
Gambar 2.25 Tampilan Aplikasi Wireshark ................................................... 42
Gambar 3.1 Flowchart pengerjaan Skripsi ..................................................... 43
Gambar 3.2 Spesifikasi PC Server Open Asterisk .......................................... 44
Gambar 3.3 Spesifikasi PC Jaringan Backbone .............................................. 45
Gambar 3.4 Spesifikasi Laptop Client ............................................................ 46
Gambar 3.5 GNS3 1.3.9 ................................................................................. 47
Gambar 3.6 Open Asterisk.............................................................................. 47
Gambar 3.7 X-lite Softphone Client ............................................................... 47
Gambar 3.8 Wireshark 1.12.4 ......................................................................... 48
Gambar 3.9 Implementasi Pengujian .............................................................. 48
Gambar 3.10 Pembagian Blok Implementasi Pengujian Topologi Jaringan ... 49
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Gambar 3.11 Flowchart perancangan jaringan Backbone .............................. 51
Gambar 3.12 Topologi Jaringan Backbone ..................................................... 52
Gambar 3.13 Lingkup area MPLS .................................................................. 54
Gambar 3.14 Flowchart Perancangan Server ................................................. 55
Gambar 3.15 IP DNS Server VoIP ................................................................. 56
Gambar 3.16 Membuat User .......................................................................... 57
Gambar 3.17 Flowchart Perancangan User Client ......................................... 59
Gambar 3.18 Topologi Jaringan ..................................................................... 60
Gambar 3.19 Tampilan Network and Sharing Center ..................................... 61
Gambar 3.20 Pengaturan IP di Ethernet Properties1...................................... 61
Gambar 3.21 Pengaturan IP di Ethernet Properties2...................................... 62
Gambar 3.22 Setting IP Address IPv4 ............................................................ 63
Gambar 3.23 Tampilan Awal aplikasi X-lite .................................................. 63
Gambar 3.24 Login SIP accounts ................................................................... 64
Gambar 3.25 Preferences Layout ................................................................... 65
Gambar 3.26 Audio Codecs ............................................................................ 65
Gambar 3.27 Tampilan Layanan Aplikasi X-lite ............................................ 66
Gambar 3.28 Topologi Jaringan Backbone MPLS ......................................... 67
Gambar 3.29 Ping Test User 1 ........................................................................ 69
Gambar 3.30 Ping Test Client 1 ke Server ..................................................... 70
Gambar 3.31 Ping Test Client 2 ke Server ..................................................... 70
Gambar 4.1 Tampilan Throughput di Wireshark ............................................ 72
Gambar 4.2 Grafik Throughput pada layanan VoIP ....................................... 74
Gambar 4.3 Tampilan packets captured di Wireshark G711 .......................... 75
Gambar 4.4 Tampilan packets captured di Wireshark G722 .......................... 76
Gambar 4.5 Grafik Delay pada layanan VoIP ................................................ 78
Gambar 4.6 Grafik Jitter pada layanan VoIP ................................................. 80
Gambar 4.7 Tampilan Wireshark RTP Stream G711 ..................................... 82
Gambar 4.8 Tampilan Wireshark RTP Stream G722 ..................................... 82
Gambar 4.9 Grafik Packet Loss pada layanan VoIP ....................................... 83
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Kelas IP Address ............................................................................. 10
Tabel 2.2 SIP Methods .................................................................................... 25
Tabel 2.3 List Response Message ................................................................... 26
Tabel 2.4 Klasifikasi Packet Loss ................................................................... 29
Tabel 2.5 Klasifikasi Delay ............................................................................ 29
Tabel 2.6 Klasifikasi Jitter.............................................................................. 30
Tabel 2.7 Target kinerja untuk aplikasi Audio dan Video ............................... 30
Tabel 2.8 Tabel Fungsi Toolbar GNS3 ........................................................... 34
Tabel 3.1 Spesifikasi PC Server Open Asterisk .............................................. 44
Tabel 3.2 Spesifikasi PC Jaringan Backbone .................................................. 45
Tabel 3.3 Spesifikasi Laptop Client ................................................................ 46
Tabel 3.4 Konfigurasi dasar tiap Device ......................................................... 50
Tabel 3.5 Skenario pengujian ......................................................................... 53
Tabel 3.6 Interface dengan konfigurasi MPLS ............................................... 55
Tabel 3.7 Standar Delay voip & Video call ITU-T G.1010 ............................ 67
Tabel 3.8 Standar Packet Loss voip & Video call ITU-T G.1010 ................... 67
Tabel 3.9 Klasifikasi Jitter.............................................................................. 68
Tabel 4.1 Perbandingan Codecs G 711 dan G 722 ......................................... 72
Tabel 4.2. Hasil rata – rata Throughput pada layanan VoIP setiap User ....... 73
Tabel 4.3 Klassifikasi Delay berdasarkan ETSI dan ITU-T G 1010 .............. 76
Tabel 4.4 Hasil rata-rata Delay layanan VoIP setiap Codec ........................... 77
Tabel 4.5 Klasifikasi Jitter berdasarkan ETSI dan ITU-T G.1010 ................. 79
Tabel 4.6 Hasil rata – rata jiter pada layanan VoIP setiap User ..................... 79
Tabel 4.7 Klasifikasi Pcket loss berdasarkan ETSI dan ITU-T G. 1010......... 82
Tabel 4.8 Hasil rata – rata Packet Loss pada layanan VoIP setiap User ......... 82
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DAFTAR SINGKATAN
ADC : Analog Digital Convergen
ADPCM : Adaptive Differential PCM
ADSL : Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
AGI : Asterisk Gateway Interface
AMI : Asterisk Management Interface
ARPANET : Advanced Research Project Agency Network
AS : Application Server
ATA : Analog Telephone Adapter
DAC : Digital to Analog Converter
DARPA : Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency
DSP : Digital Signaling Processsing
ELSR : Edge Label Switching Routes
EN : Enterprise Network
ETSI : Europe Telecomunication Standart Institute
GPL : Generic Public Licence
HDLC : High Level Data Link Control Open System Interconnection
OSI : Open Systems Interconnection reference model
IETF : Internet Engineering Taks Force
IP PBX : Internet Protocol Protocol Private Branch Exchange
IP : Internet Procotol
ISC : Softswitch Concortion
LAN : Local Area Network
LDP : Label Distribution Protocol
LSA : Link State, Advertisement
LSR : Label Switching Router
MAN : Metropolitan Area Network
MCU : Multipoint Control Unit
MG : Media Gateway
MGC : Media Gateway Controller
MGCP : Media Gateway Control Protocol
MMUSIC : Multiparty Multimedia Session Control
NGN : Next Generation Network
NMS : Network Management System
OSPF : Open Shortest Path First
OSS : Operating Support System
PC : Personal Computer
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PLR : Packet Loss Ratio
PSTN : Public Switched Telephone Network
QoS : Quality of Service
RFC : Request For Command
RTCP : Real-time Control Protocol
RTP : Real Time Protocol
SG : Signaling Gateway
SIP : Session Initiation Protocol
SPF : Shortest Path First
TCP : Transmission Control Protocol
TTL : Time to Live
UAC : User Agent Client
UDP : User Datagram Protocol
VoIP : Voice over Internet Protocol
VPN : Virtual private Network
WAN : Wide Area Network