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WIGOS related matters9-11 September, Thimphu, Buthan
Singthong PathoummadyDeputy Director-General, Department of Meteorology and Hydrology
Email address: [email protected]
Regional Workshop on Implementation of Weather and Climate-related Services in the
Least Developed Countries (LDCs) in Asia
(Lao People’s Democratic Republic)
Presentation
Outline of the presentation1. Introduction2. Organizational Chart3. Mission and Basic Info of Department of Meteorology and
hydrology4. Network of Observations within NMHS (current status)5. Network of Observations outside of Met Services (current status)6. Data collection, representation, exchange and management7. Data applications and examples8. Key achievements, opportunities & challenges (strength, weakness,
major difficulty areas, potential risks, etc)9. Future plans (new challenges and opportunities-forward looking)10. Key recommendations11. Summary
1. Introduction
Lao P D R
VietnamMyanmar
Cambodia
Thailand
China
V
i
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t
n
a
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L
a
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P
D
R
� landlocked countrybordering with fiveneighboring countries;
� Lao PDR has been ranked asone LDC of WMO (RA II)’smembers, hence a small sizeNMHS with limited capacityin staff and budget;
� Facing various challenges inHRD and in scientificdevelopment.
1 Basic information of the country
• Lao P.D.R. is an inland country located in Indochina with about 1,700kmof length fromnorth to south. About 80% of the national land is composedof mountains and the Mekong River flows fromthe northern mountains tothe central and southern plains along the border shared withThailand. TheTotal population is around 6 millions of which the majority live in theplains or hilly areas stretching fromthe Mekong River or its tributarieswhich are directly and greatly damaged by floods or flash floods caused byadverse weather phenomena such as heavy rain due to the southwestmonsoon or typhoon/tropical depression coming fromthe South ChinaSea. On the other hand, there are years when Lao P.D.R. suffers fromextreme and serious droughts which have significant adverse impacts onagriculture, water transportation, access to water, etc. Aside fromagriculture which engages around 80% of the population, thepower, mine ,tourismand manufacturing industries are also some of the main industriesin Lao P.D.R. and all of themcan be significantly affected by weatherconditions. As a result, it can be said that there is a close relationshipbetween meteorology/hydrology and the socio-economy in Lao P.D.R.
2. Major historical meteorological disaster events
Typhoon Hitting Laos (2011)
Haima (June 24)
Nock-Ten (July30-31) Nelgue (October 6)
Nesat (October 1)
Haitang (September 27)
1. The Southwest Monsoon started earlierand became more active than usual.
2. Five Typhoons hit Lao PDR :Haima (June 24) and Nock-ten (July 30-31) hit the Northern and Central areascausing significant damages;
3. Stagnation of Monsoon TroughThe amount of precipitation increasedmainly in the Southern area duringthe second half of the monsoon season
<Precipitation in 2011>
Observation Station
Precipitation in 2011 (mm)
Comparison with Average
(%)
Luangprabang 2,650.5 190
Vientiane 2,395.3 140Savannakhet 1,730.6 120
Pakse 3,159.6 150
Annual Precipitation (Average & 2011)
In particular, July had a large amount ofrain in 2011. Monthly precipitation ofLuangprabang and Vientiane was morethan 600mm, and that of Pakse exceeded1,000mm, 2.6 times greater than theaverage.
Period Killed/Missing Affected DamagedCost of
damages
May - October 42 persons 429,954 persons 12 provinces1,764 Billion
LAKUS 220 million
3. Major National Economic Sectors relyingon Met Services
(1) Agriculture;
(2) Transportation , including Aviation;
(3) Hydropower Dams,
(4) Mekong River Commission Forecasting Center,
(5) National Disaster Management and Climate Change
sector;
(6) National Disaster Prevention and Control Committee;
(7) Public , government institutions and NGOs;
DMH Headquarters (at Vientiane capital)
� Department of Meteorology andHydrology (DMH) Lao PDR is onegovernment Agency under theauspice of Ministry of NaturalResources and Environment (MoNRE)
� Organizational Structure of DMH composes of 6 Divisions at Headquarters, 17 Hydro -Met Services at Provincial and stations at District level.
2. Organizational Chart
• Governance structure– Reporting lines (from NMHS to government)
– Partner parallel organization relevant to Met Services
– Internal structures (observing and telecommunication division/unit within your Met Services)
� Organizational Chart of DMHDirector General (1)
Deputy Director General (3)
Administrative -
Planning
Division (9)
Legislation & ICT Division (3)
Hydro-Met Services
& Stations at Provincial and District Level (157)
Weather
Forecast and
Aeronautical
Met. Division
(14)
Meteorological
Network and
Earthquake
Division (7)
Hydrological
Division (14)
Climatological
and Agro-Met
Division (19)
� Total staff = 227
� 70 at HQ, Vientiane
� 157 at provinces
Reporting Lines & Warnings Dissemination Network
12
Department of Meteorology
and Hydrology (DMH)
http://dmhlao.etllao.com
Government’s Office
Local
Governor’s
Office
District & Villagelevel
NDPCC + Line
ministries
NDMO
PDPCO
DDPCO
VDPC Unit
Radio
TVs
Newspapers
Hydro-met. Offices at Provinces
Local
Disaster Risk
Areas
Hydropower
dams
PNREOPNREOPNREOPNREO
MoNRE
- LNMC
- MRC
Aviation
Data Collection & Dissemination
13
DMH’s
Data Collection and Dissemination Center
http://dmhlao.etllao.com
ADSLInternet
128/
256kbps
WMO’sGTSRTH
Bangkok
FTP (TCP/IP) 64kbps
MTSATSatellite
Ground Receiving Station
CMACastSatellite
Receiving Station
C Band DopplerRADAR
RBSN & RBCN + SecondaryClimatic Sts.
48
Hydrological Stations
85
Earthquake Stations
2
Weather Forecast Center
Flood Forecast Center
Government; Public; End Users = Disaster Risk Management & EWS
HF Radio
VSAT
Data Flow to Users and Archiving
14
Secondary Climatic Stations
RBSN & RBCN
Synoptic Stations
Telecommunications Center at DMH’s HQ
Weather Forecast and
Flood Forecast
End Users & Public
Logbooks
Climate and Agro-
Met. Division
Hard Copies Storage
Archived Digitized Devices
Concerned End Users
on demands
RTH BangKok
Data Exchange via WMO’s Regional Meteorological Telecommunication Network in Region II (Asia)
Vientiane
Baghdad
Doha
Kuwait
Bahrain
Dhaka
Yangon
Kathmandu
Kabul
Karachi
Colombo
Male
Hanoi
Phnom Penh
PyongYangAshgabad
Macao
64K
Dushanbe
Almaty
NI
NI
NI
Seoul
NI
NI
64K
9.6-26.4K (V.34)
14.4-28.8K (V.34)
64K64K
50
50
50
50
200
64K
64K
100
75
1200
50
100
9.6K
Offenbach
Offenbach
CairoAlgiers
Moscow
Kuala Lumpur
Tashkent
Novosibirsk
Khabarovsk
Bangkok
F/R CIR<16/16K>
F/R CIR<16/16K>
Washington
NI
NI
19.2-24K(V.34)
24-19.2K (V.34)
19.2-24K (V.34)
Bishkek
64K
Singapore
RTH in Region II
NMC in Region II
Centre in other region
MTN circuitRegional circuitInterregional circuitAdditional circuit
Non-IP linkIP linkInternet E-mail transmission
NI No implementation
Tehran
Sanaa200
Hong Kong
Moscow
NI
F/R CIR<32/32K>
Tokyo
IMTN-MDCNCIR<32/768K>
Manila
Internet
Jeddah
Muscat
64K
64K
64K
Washington
ISDN 128K
28.8-9.6K (V.34)
via Moscow 14.4-28.8K (V.34)
64K
64K
Thimpu
New Delhi
NI
768K
64K
2.4K
75
64K
via Moscow
64K
100
Ulaanbaatar14.4K
Abu-Dhabi
1200
64K
9.6-26.4K (V.34)
9.6-26.4K (V.34)
Melbourne
Melbourne
IMTN-MDCNCIR<16/32K>
32K
CMAPCVSAT
64K
75
CMAPCVSAT
CMAPCVSAT
512K
MPLS
IMTN MDCNMPLS
IMTN MDCNMPLS
IMTN MDCNMPLS
IMTN MDCNMPLS
IMTN MDCNMPLS
MPLS
Internet
Internet Beijing
2M
2M128K
1M
2M
1M
128K
512K
2M
2M128K
512K
2M
MPLS
2M
128K
MPLS
2M
Internet
Internet
Internet
Internet
Internet
F/R CIR<16/16K>
F/R CIR<16/16K>
F/R CIR<16/16K>
F/R CIR<16/16K>
Internet
Internet
Internet
Internet
Internet
EUMETSAT
MPLS 2M2M
Toulouse
Internet
Lao P D R
3. DMH's Vision :(Simple, Service oriented)
a ). Professional in providing meteorological, hydrological, environmental and climate services in support of safety and sustainable development of the Lao community ;
b). Highly competent in issuing meteorological and hydrological warnings to reduce the loss of lif e and property during severe weather; and
c). Able to play an effective role in internation al and regional cooperation in the fields of meteorology and hydrology and Climate Service
� Mission :
(a) Collect and exchange meteorological and hydrologicaldata in accordance with WMO regulations for analysis,forecasting and warnings to the public on hazardousweather;
(b) Provide meteorological and hydrological data,information, forecasts and warnings to supportactivities of various sectors;
(c) Understanding of the country's weather, climate andhydrological situation; and further strengthenresearches for the advancement of meteorological andhydrological sciences;
(d) Engage in international and regional cooperation in thefields of meteorology, including climatology, hydrologyand seismology for the benefit of the nation;
� Strategy :� Set up Strategic Plan and prioritized Action
Plans:� DMH’s 2011 – 2015 Master Plan to be in line
with National 7 th Economic Development Planand the MoNRE’s Five Year Strategic Goals(2011 – 2015);
� To be harmonized with WMO Strategic Plan2012 – 2015, especially the focus of RA II (ASIA-PACIFIC) : 3 Societal Needs, 5 StrategicThrusts, 8 Expected Results. One of Prioritiesis “Establishment of a multi-hazard earlywarning system for DRR”;
4. Network of Observations within Met Services (current status-Cont.)
4.1 Surface stations:• Wind Vane & Annemometer;
• Thermometers: Maxi , Mini, Phychrometer;
• Barometer & Barograph;
• Rain Gauge;
• Sunshine duration & Radiation;
• Evaporation Pan & Piche;
• Soil depth thermometers;
– Comunication : Single Side Band Radio/Telephone
– Data collection: Taking notes by staff
Surface Observation
21
� RBSN = 19� RBCN = 4� Secondary
Climate = 29Typical meteo station with Conventional instruments
Meteorological Network in Lao PDR
22
�Rain Gauge stations in Lao PDR = 93
Classical manual type rain gauge
23
Hydrological Network� 85 Water gauges
Conventional Staff Gauge
Slope GaugeAssociated rain Gauge
24
Weather Monitoring
C Band Doppler Weather RADAR
25
8th Floor
1st Floor
6th Floor
Observation & Forecasting
Equipment:Operation, Control & Maintenance
High Data Rate Spread Spectrum Transceiver
(SST)
26
2.4GHz, Wireless Link
(Point to Point)
Radar Tower Site
DMH Headquarters
Air Traffic Control Tower Site
International Airport (Wattay)
Hi-speed Data TX & RX of 54Mbps
Main targeted ServiceFor Safety Air Navigation
Geostationary Satellite Receiving Systems
Satellite Ground Receiving StationGeostationary
27
IR1 ; IR2 ; IR3 ; IR4=WV ; VIS
CMACast (CMA) &
MTSAT (JMA)
5 channel imagers:
Hydrological Cycle Observation Stations (MRC - HYCOS )Automated data acquisition and telemetry communicat ion
28
Mekong = 3 stations1. Luangprabang2. Vientiane (km4)3. Pakse
Tributaries = 9 st.1. Muang Ngoy (Nam Ou)2. Muang Nan (Nam Khan)3. Phou Kout (Nam Ngum)4. Napae (Nam Phao)5. Xebangfai (Nam Xebangfai)
6. Mahaxai (Nam Xebangfai)7. Sobnam (Nam Xebanghieng)
8. Kengdone (Nam Xebanghieng)
9. Veunkhen (Nam Xekong)
1
2
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
3
Automatic data logger of HYCOS station
29
Acquisition of data from sensors & upload into GPRS network
30
30
Real time data from HYCOS Stations
HYCOS Station on
Mekong &
tributaries
Telemetry Mobile phone
Telemetry
Satellite
National DataTerminal/Hydmet
at DMH
Internet
MRC / FMMP
FTP server
MRC
FTP server
NMCs data
terminal
GPRS
Every 15mn
Earthquake Facilities� Under bilateral cooperation programme,
the government of China providedassistance to DMH Lao PDR, establishedtwo earthquake stations and one EQ DataCenter, including data communicationlink via Satellite (VSAT) .The implementation by China EarthquakeAdministration ( C E A ) had beenaccomplished in the end of 2009.
Location of EQ Stations and Data Center
32
Lao P.D.R
VietnamMyanmar
Cambodia
Thailand
China
V
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Station 1: LuangPrabang
Latitude : Longitude: Elevation
19º54’ N 102º09’ E 305m
Station 2: Lak Sao
Latitude : Longitude: Elevation
18º12’ N 104º59’ E 522m
Data Center: DMH Vientiane
Latitude : Longitude: Elevation
17º57’ N 102º40’ E 171m
� Earthquake Data Sharing Topology
Station 1
Station 2
Data center at Vientiane
Data center at Beijing
Real timeWaveform data(C E A’s VSAT)
e-mail / Internet
A E I Cand
Other Centers
e-mail / Internet
Dedicated
Link to be
established
Earthquake Station & Instruments
34
CTS-1 Very Broadband
Flat-to-velocity response
band at 3dB level:
360s~~~~0.02 s
Sensitivity: 2××××1000
V/m/s
EDSP software for
single station
BBAS-2 fore-balanced
accelerometer
Flat-to-acceleration response
band at 3dB level: 3600s~~~~
360s
Sensitivity: 2××××10000 V/m/s2
EDAS-24L6/EDAS-
IPU digitizer
Earthquake Data Center & Server
35
2009-10-1 , 19:56 , E101.45 , N20.43
Ms=4.1
4. Network of Observations within Met Services (current status-Cont.)
4.2 Upper-air and remote sensing stations
4.2.1 Radiosonde/pilot-balloon stations : Not availbe
4.2.2 Radar station: only one Doppler Type, C Band
located at DMH HQ, Vientiane
5. Network of Observations outside Met Services (current status)
Not available Observation network outside NMHS
6. Data collection, representation, exchange, and management
6. Knowledge about WIS and progress in WIS implementation
– WIS discovery metadata• To be one NC, associated to GISC Tokyo: (but not yet operate)
• Capacity development : staff attended short training on WIS at JMA
– WIS National focal point : Assigned oe DMH staff
– Country’s Principal GISC : Tokyo; and Associated GISC: Beijing
– Communication systems at national/international levels• Access to Internet, GTS
– Migration to TDCF (reliance on TAC messages)• Handling of messages : TAC messages to RTH Bangkok (TRANSMET)
• Visualisation of data : SYNERGIE (Meteo France)Ref: Regional WIS Implementation Plans http://wis.wmo.int/folder=75
7. Data applications & examples
7.1 observational data utilization in real time disaster
monitoring :
• Water level and rainfall data are reported at 7:00am local time : (showing warning alarmand dangerouscriteria), satellite and radar data are also utilized;
7.2 data assimilation in NWP model : Not vailable
7.3 data utilization in climate monitoring
• Climatological data reported fromdomesticstations in addition to data received throgh GTS
7.4 data utilization in met services (for info)
• Meteorological data fromlocal synoptic stations at three hour interval in addition to data receivedthrough GTS, Satellite and radar data are alsoutilized;
• Products and forecasts fromother centers(NMHSs) are also utilized
7.5 data utilization in economic sectors:
• Statistical hydro-Met data and forecasts;
Utilization of products from
different NMHSs centers
CMA Cast and MICAPS
• DMH has started utilization of CMACast and MICAPS systems since early 2012, these information are used for weather monitoring and forecast:– Satellite information;– Rainfall estimation;– Weather map analysis;– NWP products
• CMA has transferred the knowledge to DMH during installation but it was very short time, therefore DMH would like to have more training about MICAPS
CMACast System in DMH-Lao PDR
Server-Receiving
Quick view Display MICAPS
Weather Analysis by using MICAPS
CMA products through Severe Weather Forecast Demonstration Project
T639L60
T213EPS
Typhoon EPS
Satellite Ensemble Forecasts -Stations
There are 5 menu:
There are 9 elements
8. Key achievements, opportunities and challenges
8.1 Key achievements :
– Strength : Be able to apply the strategic directive guidance
of government as well as strategic plan of RA II
– Recent developments :
• staff get trainings through WMO programmes;
• Signed MoUs with various partners, between NMHSs and
sponsors, e.g. World Bank, ADB, JICA, etc…and bilateral
Agreements;
8.2 New opportunities– WIGOS/WIS framework and implementation
plan/activities will certainly help resolve LDCs in regard the difficulties with big invesment for establishing each own observing and analysis facilities;
– GFCS, DRR, Capacity Development will help enhancing the capacity of NMHSs and increase the profile of DMH;
– There is a need to mainstream the GFCS and DRR into National Societal and economic development as New development opportunity
8.3 Major challenges– Weakness : limited capacity of staff– major difficulty areas : Low visibility of government
toward the financial support for development of DMH
– potential risks : Sustainability of facilities provided and installed in place which are initially supported by external sources ;
9. Future plans 5-10 year horizon9.1 GFCS, UNFCCC will be put into project-base or
action plan incorporating needs of other sectors for new
observational requirements;
9.2 New national economic sectors development:
hydropower and mining
9.3 Existing or potential future plans for improving
observation and telecommunication networks:
(i). World Bank supported Project: M=IWRMP & Network;
(ii) ADB supported Project: Establish NEWC & Network;
(iii). JICA : Improvement Hydro-Met Network, GTS, WIS
9.4 planned collaborations with partners: GEF/FAO on Agro-Met Network and seasonal climate prediction and service ;
10. Key recommendations10.1 The government and national parliament to urgently adopt and
promulgate the Law on Meteorology and Hydrology and its relevant Decrees for endorsement and applications;
10.2 Authorization for new recruitment of adequate staff in the areas , such as : Aeronautical meteorology, agro-meteorology, climate analysis and service delivery and Public Weather Service, NWP Models;– To strengthen collaboration with line-agencies of the National
Disaster Prevention and Control Committee for better coordination and taking actions of SOP;
10.3 WMO is requested to : • Facilitate successful implementation of VCP or Trust project,
such as KMA’s COMS;• Considering further support on other VCPs and Fellowships;• Continue support mobilization for efficient participation in the
RA II WIGOS Project to “Develop Support for NMHSs in Satellite Data, Products and Training” as well as other activities;
11. Summary
Summary:• 20 Synoptic stations
1 Radar station 29 Climatologial stations85 Hydrological stations93 Rain gauges
To address Critical gaps:• To renovate and install additional 50 Met stations and 50 hydro
stations • Renovate and add 200 rainfall stations• To enhance the forecasting techniques and Modelling and EWS• Collaborate with more stakeholders on hydro-meteorological data
sharing and service delivry