Writing and advisory team:Leonie Bennett, Julia Sander, Ericka Forbes-Blair, Gillian Myers

and Serieka White-Lawson.

Writing and advisory team:Leonie Bennett, Julia Sander, Ericka Forbes-Blair, Gillian Myers

and Serieka White-Lawson.

Primary Language Arts

Ages 8–9

Lang Tree Jamaica WBs4-6 Title Pages_Revised.indd 1 31/01/2014 14:50Language Tree WB4.indd 1 21/02/2014 15:00

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Macmillan Education 4 Crinan Street, London N1 9XW A division of Macmillan Publishers Limited

Companies and representatives throughout the world

www.macmillan-caribbean.com

ISBN 978-0-230-49473-2 AER

Text © Leonie Bennett 2015 Design and illustration © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2015

The author has asserted her rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Design and Patents Act 1988.

This edition published 2015 First edition published 2007

All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers.

Designed by Macmillan Education and John Barker Typeset by Tek-Art Illustrated by Pamela Goodchild, Donald Harley, Jenny Mumford and Joanna Williams c/o BL Kearley; Jim Eldridge and Robin Lawrie c/o Beehive Illustration; Jenny Northway, Neil Rogers, Norman Young and Tek-Art Cover design by Blue Dog Design Studio Cover illustration by Rachel Parker Picture research by Victoria Gaunt

The authors and publishers would like to thank Ericka Forbes-Blair, Gillian Myers and Serika White-Lawson for their help and advice throughout the development and writing of this series.

The authors and publishers would like to thank the following for permission to reproduce their photographs: Alamy/Universal Images Group/DeAgostini p141, Alamy/Hemis p142, Alamy/M. Timothy O’Keefe p143; Corbis/Mathew Ashton/AMA p88; Getty Images/Radius Images p41; The Gleaner Company Limited, 2007 p116, The Gleaner Company Limited, 2012 p135; Photoshot/Martin Harvey p137.

The author and publishers are grateful for permission to reprint the following copyright material: Complete poem ‘I’m a Parrot’ by Grace Nichols, copyright © Grace Nichols 1988, from Come on into My Tropical Garden, reproduced with approval of Curtis Brown Group Ltd, London; Complete poem ‘The River’ by Valerie Bloom, copyright © Valerie Bloom 2000, reprinted by permission of Eddison Pearson Literary Agency; Adapted material from poem ‘Gran, Can You Rap?’ by Jack Ousbey, copyright © Jack Ousbey 2001, reprinted by approval of the author; Baba and Mr Big. Text copyright © C Everard Palmer, 1973. Reproduced with the permission of Scholastic Ltd.; Adapted material from ‘Night’ by Al Cambell, copyright © Al Cambell 2005, first published in Favourite Stories 2005, reprinted by approval of the author and SunZone Books;

These materials may contain links for third party websites. We have no control over, and are not responsible for, the contents of such third party websites. Please use care when accessing them.

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Unit Reading Type of text Page

Theme One: Ourselves1 Healthy Eating Realistic story 82 Dear Auntie Julie Thank-you letter 153 The Tree of Life Traditional tale 224 Gran, Can you Rap? Poem 29Assessment 1 35

Theme Two: Language through the senses5 Somerset Falls Advertisement 416 Anancy and the Tug-of-War Story 477 In the Bazaars of Hyderabad Poem 54 Coming Home Poem8 Hurricane Coming Story 61 Hurricane PoemAssessment 2 68

Theme Three: Print in the environment9 Sweet potato pudding Recipe 7410 Messages Information/instruction 8111 Print on Clothes Expository 8812 The Fun Run Story 95Assessment 3 102

Theme Four: Friends13 What Friends are For Play 10814 The New Park Expository 11515 The New Boy Story 12216 I’m a Parrot Poem 128 The Magnifi cent Bull PoemAssessment 4 135

Theme Five: Water17 School Trip to Black River Report 14118 The River Poem 14819 Rushing River Story 15520 Facts about Water Expository 161Assessment 5 168

Test practice 174The Writing process 182Glossary of grammar terms 183Index 184

Contents

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4 5

Theme One: Ourselves Theme One: Ourselves

Unit Listening and Speaking Reading and comprehension Language Word study Study skills Writing

1page 8

Focus question 1

Discuss favourite foodsBrainstorm what you do to keep healthy

Healthy Eating (Realistic story) Juice box (Environmental print)Make predictions before readingContext clues

Nouns: common, proper Plurals: -s, -es, -oesy – ies; f – ves Initial blends: pr, fr, dr, br

 Reading a bar chart 1 Write a composition about ‘ourselves’ 2 Make a bar chart of favourite foods

2page 15

Focus question 2

Make up a ‘Who am I?’ game

Dear Auntie Julie(Thank-you letter)

Verbs: simple past and present tenseIrregular past tensesSubject/verb/object

Spelling: double final consonant or drop ‘e’Full stop, question mark and exclamation mark

BrainstormingWriting paragraphs

1 Write a paragraph about ‘Things I can do’2 Write a thank-you letter

3page 22

Focus question 3

Retelling a storyDiscuss the need to share – living in a community

The Tree of Life (Traditional tale)Make predictionsIdentify moral

AdjectivesSimiles

Synonyms and antonyms Initial blends: br, cr, sl, fl

Story structure: setting, character, problem,resolution

1 Build a story using story elements2 Write a class composition about your community

4page 29

Focus question 4

Preparing and performing a group recitation

Gran, Can you Rap? (Poem)Reading an advertisementRhyming coupletsLiteral and inferential comprehension

Pronouns: subject and objectMetaphor

Word-building: suffixes 1 Interview an older person and write a report2 Write a rap

Assessment 1 Page 35 

Traditional Taino tale Nouns, verbs, adjectives, pronouns, simple present and past

Plurals Synonyms

  Friendly letter

Theme Two: Language through the senses Theme Two: Language through the senses

Unit Listening and Speaking Reading and comprehension Language Word study Study skills Writing

5page 41

Focus question 1

Observe and talk about natureCreate a word picture

Somerset Falls (Advertisement)Fact and opinion

Persuading the reader Fact and opinionPresent and past tense of ‘to be’Subject–verb agreement

Initial blends: fr, tr, gr 1 Write an advertising flyer – write to persuade2 Write a friendly letter describing a place visited

6page 47

Focus question 2

Retelling a storyRole-play Speaking expressively

Anancy and the Tug-of-War (Story)Characters and settingMoral of story

ConjunctionsComparative and superlative adjectives

OnomatopoeiaPrefixes: un-, dis-, re-, im-

Peer editing 1 Describe sounds in the environment 2 Write a friendly letter

7page 54

Focus question 3

Read aloud and perform a poemRole-play market scene in Creole and SJE

In the Bazaars of HyderabadComing Home (Poems)RhymeInferential comprehension

Commas (in a list and in letters)Irregular comparative and superlative adjectives

Alphabetical order (second and third letter) Using a dictionary 1 Write a class poem, using sense impressions2 Create a word picture

8page 61

Focus question 4

Read aloud to create mood, feelings etc. Discuss hurricane preparation

Hurricane Coming (Story)Hurricane (Poem)Mood in storyDraw on previous experience

Present and past continuous tensesVivid verbs

Clusters: scr, str, sprHomophones and false homophones

Check writing to ensure subject–verb agreement

1 Write journal entry reacting to sense impressions 2 Write part of a story to create mood and feelings

Assessment 2 Page 68 Character description focusing on sight and soundChoose a title

Verbs: simple and continuous tenses,conjunctions, comparative and superlative, adjectives, commas

PrefixesHomophones

Make notes under headings and write a report in paragraphs

Theme Three: Print in the environment Theme Three: Print in the environment

Unit Listening and Speaking Reading and comprehension Language Word study Study skills Writing

9page 74

Focus question 1

Give oral instructions Discuss use of Creole in signs

Sweet potato pudding (Recipe)Compare details on food packaging Headings/sub-headingsScanning

Imperatives AdverbsParts of speech

Abbreviations Consonant digraphs: wh, ch, sh, thWh? questions

1 Write instructions2 Make a label for a product

10page 81

Focus question 2

Brainstorm examples of writing found in the home

MessagesInformation on medicine labelWarningsIdentifying different types of text

Apostrophe for possession (possessive nouns) Prepositions

Suffixes 1 Write an instruction manual2 Fill in a form to report a faulty item

Scope and Sequence

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4 5

Scope and Sequence

Theme One: Ourselves Theme One: Ourselves

Unit Listening and Speaking Reading and comprehension Language Word study Study skills Writing

1page 8

Focus question 1

Discuss favourite foodsBrainstorm what you do to keep healthy

Healthy Eating (Realistic story) Juice box (Environmental print)Make predictions before readingContext clues

Nouns: common, proper Plurals: -s, -es, -oesy – ies; f – ves Initial blends: pr, fr, dr, br

 Reading a bar chart 1 Write a composition about ‘ourselves’ 2 Make a bar chart of favourite foods

2page 15

Focus question 2

Make up a ‘Who am I?’ game

Dear Auntie Julie(Thank-you letter)

Verbs: simple past and present tenseIrregular past tensesSubject/verb/object

Spelling: double final consonant or drop ‘e’Full stop, question mark and exclamation mark

BrainstormingWriting paragraphs

1 Write a paragraph about ‘Things I can do’2 Write a thank-you letter

3page 22

Focus question 3

Retelling a storyDiscuss the need to share – living in a community

The Tree of Life (Traditional tale)Make predictionsIdentify moral

AdjectivesSimiles

Synonyms and antonyms Initial blends: br, cr, sl, fl

Story structure: setting, character, problem,resolution

1 Build a story using story elements2 Write a class composition about your community

4page 29

Focus question 4

Preparing and performing a group recitation

Gran, Can you Rap? (Poem)Reading an advertisementRhyming coupletsLiteral and inferential comprehension

Pronouns: subject and objectMetaphor

Word-building: suffixes 1 Interview an older person and write a report2 Write a rap

Assessment 1 Page 35 

Traditional Taino tale Nouns, verbs, adjectives, pronouns, simple present and past

Plurals Synonyms

  Friendly letter

Theme Two: Language through the senses Theme Two: Language through the senses

Unit Listening and Speaking Reading and comprehension Language Word study Study skills Writing

5page 41

Focus question 1

Observe and talk about natureCreate a word picture

Somerset Falls (Advertisement)Fact and opinion

Persuading the reader Fact and opinionPresent and past tense of ‘to be’Subject–verb agreement

Initial blends: fr, tr, gr 1 Write an advertising flyer – write to persuade2 Write a friendly letter describing a place visited

6page 47

Focus question 2

Retelling a storyRole-play Speaking expressively

Anancy and the Tug-of-War (Story)Characters and settingMoral of story

ConjunctionsComparative and superlative adjectives

OnomatopoeiaPrefixes: un-, dis-, re-, im-

Peer editing 1 Describe sounds in the environment 2 Write a friendly letter

7page 54

Focus question 3

Read aloud and perform a poemRole-play market scene in Creole and SJE

In the Bazaars of HyderabadComing Home (Poems)RhymeInferential comprehension

Commas (in a list and in letters)Irregular comparative and superlative adjectives

Alphabetical order (second and third letter) Using a dictionary 1 Write a class poem, using sense impressions2 Create a word picture

8page 61

Focus question 4

Read aloud to create mood, feelings etc. Discuss hurricane preparation

Hurricane Coming (Story)Hurricane (Poem)Mood in storyDraw on previous experience

Present and past continuous tensesVivid verbs

Clusters: scr, str, sprHomophones and false homophones

Check writing to ensure subject–verb agreement

1 Write journal entry reacting to sense impressions 2 Write part of a story to create mood and feelings

Assessment 2 Page 68 Character description focusing on sight and soundChoose a title

Verbs: simple and continuous tenses,conjunctions, comparative and superlative, adjectives, commas

PrefixesHomophones

Make notes under headings and write a report in paragraphs

Theme Three: Print in the environment Theme Three: Print in the environment

Unit Listening and Speaking Reading and comprehension Language Word study Study skills Writing

9page 74

Focus question 1

Give oral instructions Discuss use of Creole in signs

Sweet potato pudding (Recipe)Compare details on food packaging Headings/sub-headingsScanning

Imperatives AdverbsParts of speech

Abbreviations Consonant digraphs: wh, ch, sh, thWh? questions

1 Write instructions2 Make a label for a product

10page 81

Focus question 2

Brainstorm examples of writing found in the home

MessagesInformation on medicine labelWarningsIdentifying different types of text

Apostrophe for possession (possessive nouns) Prepositions

Suffixes 1 Write an instruction manual2 Fill in a form to report a faulty item

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6 7

11page 88

Focus question 3

Debate: is it worth paying a lot for brand names?

Print on Clothes (Expository text)Symbols, logosIdentify key wordsInterpret symbols

Main ideas and paragraphsAsking questions using do/does, have/has, is, are

Syllabication Spelling tips

ResearchUsing the InternetHerringbone organiser

1 Write a report using paragraphs 2 Write a polite letter to Principal

12page 95

Focus question 4

Debate: are these signs effective?

The Fun Run (Story)Road signsMake predictions

Helping verbs: has/have/had/is/are/am/was/wereDirect speech: quotation marks

Long vowel sounds Tables and charts 1 Design an advertising poster2 Write a story

Assessment 3 Page 102 Advertisements AdverbsImperativesPrepositionsApostrophes

SyllabicationSuffixes

TablesWeb organiser

Design an advertisement for a chocolate bar using persuasive writing

Scope and Sequence

Theme Four: Friends Theme Four: Friends

Unit Listening and Speaking Reading and comprehension Language Word study Study skills Writing

13page 108

Focus question 1

Interpret and perform a playDefine friendship and qualities of a good friend

What Friends are For (Play)Inference Exploration of character

Negatives using don’t/doesn’t, hasn’t/haven’tNegative imperativesNouns: collective and genderParts of speech

Compound words Herringbone techniqueEditing checklist

1 Write a story about friendship2 Letter of invitation to a friend

14page 115

Focus question 2

Agree or disagree with a point of view giving reasonsRole-play

The New Park (Expository text)Look at character traits

Future tense Possessive pronounsPossessive adjectivesDifferences between Creole and SJE

Prefixes Read a map of local areaUse a web organiser

1 Write a report to describe and persuade2 Complete a questionnaire

15page 122

Focus question 3

Dramatise a story The New Boy (Story)Give opinion about characters

Commas to embed phrasesSubject–verb agreement

Silent letters: k, w Use a story map Story circle

1 Write a whole class story2 Write a journal entry

16page 128

Focus question 4

Debate: should we keep animals in cages/zoos?Choral rendition of poem

I’m a Parrot The Magnificent Bull (Poems)Summarise a poemAppreciate rhyme and theme

Forming do/does questions Questions for an interview

Final blends: -nd, -mp, -st Poem completionChange verbs to nouns

Research, using encyclopaedia Peer editing

1 Write poems in groups2 Fill in a form for the vet

Assessment 4 Page 135 Friends of the Environment(Newspaper article)Summarise a text

Negatives: doesn’t, hasn’t, imperatives/rulesDo/does questions Commas to embed phrasesPossessive pronouns

PrefixesSilent letters

Pie chart Write a letter to a friend

Theme Five: Water Theme Five: Water

Unit Listening and Speaking Reading and comprehension Language Word study Study skills Writing

17page 141

Focus question 1

Discuss and create rules for a school trip

School Trip to Black River (Report)Reading a table of informationReading non-fiction

its and it’sPunctuation review

Irregular pluralsSilent letters: h, t, b

Research different types of boatsDraw and labelMount a display

1 Thank-you letter 2 Journal entry describing a favourite water activity

18page 148

Focus question 2

Read with expression Choral recitation

The River (Poem)Theme and mood of a poemSummarise a poem

Personification Extending sentencesBrainstorming adjectives to describe water

Common mis-spellings Words commonly confused

Contents list 1 Write a group poem using ‘sound’ words2 Imagine yourself as a drop of water

19page 155

Focus question 3

Dramatise a storyRole-play using SJE and Creole

Rushing River (Story)Inferring lessons from the story

Reported speech Revision of tenses

Words often confused (good/well; bad/badly) Peer editing 1 Write a story set near water2 Design a water safety poster

20page 161

Focus question 4

Act out a scene in Creole and SJE

Facts about Water (Expository text)Pie chart and diagram

Making notesKey words

Spelling ‘ough’ Inflectional endings to make word families

Finding information in booksIndex

1 Letter of invitation2 Plan a story about life in a pond

Assessment 5 Page 168 AdvertisementTimetableEmail

Direct and reported speechMaking notesPunctuation reviewParts of speech

Water vocabularyWord-building

Plan and write a story

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6 7

Scope and Sequence

11page 88

Focus question 3

Debate: is it worth paying a lot for brand names?

Print on Clothes (Expository text)Symbols, logosIdentify key wordsInterpret symbols

Main ideas and paragraphsAsking questions using do/does, have/has, is, are

Syllabication Spelling tips

ResearchUsing the InternetHerringbone organiser

1 Write a report using paragraphs 2 Write a polite letter to Principal

12page 95

Focus question 4

Debate: are these signs effective?

The Fun Run (Story)Road signsMake predictions

Helping verbs: has/have/had/is/are/am/was/wereDirect speech: quotation marks

Long vowel sounds Tables and charts 1 Design an advertising poster2 Write a story

Assessment 3 Page 102 Advertisements AdverbsImperativesPrepositionsApostrophes

SyllabicationSuffixes

TablesWeb organiser

Design an advertisement for a chocolate bar using persuasive writing

Theme Four: Friends Theme Four: Friends

Unit Listening and Speaking Reading and comprehension Language Word study Study skills Writing

13page 108

Focus question 1

Interpret and perform a playDefine friendship and qualities of a good friend

What Friends are For (Play)Inference Exploration of character

Negatives using don’t/doesn’t, hasn’t/haven’tNegative imperativesNouns: collective and genderParts of speech

Compound words Herringbone techniqueEditing checklist

1 Write a story about friendship2 Letter of invitation to a friend

14page 115

Focus question 2

Agree or disagree with a point of view giving reasonsRole-play

The New Park (Expository text)Look at character traits

Future tense Possessive pronounsPossessive adjectivesDifferences between Creole and SJE

Prefixes Read a map of local areaUse a web organiser

1 Write a report to describe and persuade2 Complete a questionnaire

15page 122

Focus question 3

Dramatise a story The New Boy (Story)Give opinion about characters

Commas to embed phrasesSubject–verb agreement

Silent letters: k, w Use a story map Story circle

1 Write a whole class story2 Write a journal entry

16page 128

Focus question 4

Debate: should we keep animals in cages/zoos?Choral rendition of poem

I’m a Parrot The Magnificent Bull (Poems)Summarise a poemAppreciate rhyme and theme

Forming do/does questions Questions for an interview

Final blends: -nd, -mp, -st Poem completionChange verbs to nouns

Research, using encyclopaedia Peer editing

1 Write poems in groups2 Fill in a form for the vet

Assessment 4 Page 135 Friends of the Environment(Newspaper article)Summarise a text

Negatives: doesn’t, hasn’t, imperatives/rulesDo/does questions Commas to embed phrasesPossessive pronouns

PrefixesSilent letters

Pie chart Write a letter to a friend

Theme Five: Water Theme Five: Water

Unit Listening and Speaking Reading and comprehension Language Word study Study skills Writing

17page 141

Focus question 1

Discuss and create rules for a school trip

School Trip to Black River (Report)Reading a table of informationReading non-fiction

its and it’sPunctuation review

Irregular pluralsSilent letters: h, t, b

Research different types of boatsDraw and labelMount a display

1 Thank-you letter 2 Journal entry describing a favourite water activity

18page 148

Focus question 2

Read with expression Choral recitation

The River (Poem)Theme and mood of a poemSummarise a poem

Personification Extending sentencesBrainstorming adjectives to describe water

Common mis-spellings Words commonly confused

Contents list 1 Write a group poem using ‘sound’ words2 Imagine yourself as a drop of water

19page 155

Focus question 3

Dramatise a storyRole-play using SJE and Creole

Rushing River (Story)Inferring lessons from the story

Reported speech Revision of tenses

Words often confused (good/well; bad/badly) Peer editing 1 Write a story set near water2 Design a water safety poster

20page 161

Focus question 4

Act out a scene in Creole and SJE

Facts about Water (Expository text)Pie chart and diagram

Making notesKey words

Spelling ‘ough’ Inflectional endings to make word families

Finding information in booksIndex

1 Letter of invitation2 Plan a story about life in a pond

Assessment 5 Page 168 AdvertisementTimetableEmail

Direct and reported speechMaking notesPunctuation reviewParts of speech

Water vocabularyWord-building

Plan and write a story

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8 98

Healthy EatingTanya and Shakira were in the school canteen. They had just had a lesson about healthy eating. “I’m starving!” said Shakira. “I’m going to buy some cheese snacks.” “They’re so-o-o bad for you,” warned Tanya. “They’re full of salt and fat.” “Then I’ll get chocolate,” said Shakira fi rmly. “Chocolate’s full of sugar. Why not try popcorn?” suggested Tanya. “I don’t like popcorn,” Shakira moaned. “Why is everything I like bad for me?” Mrs. Clarke was behind the counter. She looked worried. “There’s nothing wrong with my chocolate, darling, but if you’re really hungry you should have some proper food. Why don’t you try some macaroni pie?” Reluctantly, Shakira nodded her head. “I suppose that’s best,” she muttered.

Ourselves Unit 1

Predicting theme of a story from title and illustration

SpeakingWhat are your favourite foods? What do you eat at break?

The setting of a story is where it takes place – in school, in town, at sea.

Reading

1 Read the title of the story and look at the illustration. What do you think the story will be about?

Setting and characters

Problem

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Ourselves Unit 1

8 99Infer meaning from context clues

Then it was Tanya’s turn. “Please may I have some fruit?” she asked. “There’s no fruit, sweetheart, but I’ve got some tasty fruity sweets,” suggested Mrs. Clarke. “No thank you,” said Tanya. “Sweets are bad for my teeth. Do you have fruit juice or peanuts?” “No, honey, but I’ve got soft drinks and peanut candy.” Tanya shook her head. Mrs. Clarke looked perplexed. “Oh dear,” she sighed. “I’m afraid I can’t help you.” “Never mind,” said Tanya smiling. “I’ll just have a bottle of water, please.” The two girls went back to the classroom and told Mr. Williams what had happened. “The canteen should sell healthy snacks,” complained Tanya. “Perhaps you can try to change things,” suggested Mr. Williams. “How can we do that?” asked Shakira. “Well, Mrs. Clarke sells what she thinks the children want,” explained Mr. Williams. “If she thought you wanted healthy snacks, I’m sure she would sell them.” “Let’s go and tell her!” shouted Tanya. “Slow down,” laughed Mr. Williams. “It’s not just up to you. First you will have to explain your idea to the Principal. Then, if she agrees, you will have to ask the other children what they would like. You may have to explain to them why fruit and nuts are better than candy, and juice is better than soft drinks full of sugar.” “We can do that!” said Tanya. “We can put up posters.” “That’s a great idea for a class project,” declared Mr. Williams. “You can tell the class about it after break.”

Resolution

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Ourselves Unit 1

10 11

2 Answer the questions about the story.

1. Where is the story set?

2. Who is Mr. Williams?

3. “You should have some proper food.” What do you think Mrs. Clarke means by ‘proper food’?

4. Why does Mr. Williams say, “It’s not just up to you”?

5. What is the main idea of the story?

6. Try to work out the meaning of these words from the story. Use context clues to help you.

reluctantly muttered perplexed

7. Write a defi nition for each of the words above, then check your defi nitions in a dictionary.

8. Why is it important to eat healthy foods?

9. What is your favourite food?

Context clues are words or pictures that help you to work out the meaning of a word. You can fi nd context clues in the same sentence or elsewhere on the page.

3 Read the text on this juice box and then answer the questions.

1. What fl avour juice is in this box?

2. What should you do before drinking the juice?

3. Where was the juice made and boxed?

4. What should you do to keep the juice fresh?

5. What are the ingredients of the juice?

6. In what way do you think this juice is ‘good for you’?

Read labels

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