language disorders of young children cdis 5015. language impairment or language difference you saw...
TRANSCRIPT
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Language Disorders Language Disorders of Young Childrenof Young Children
CDIS 5015CDIS 5015
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Language Impairment or Language Difference
You saw those ten baby mice in the house, right?
(example of the Systems Model)
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What Do You Know?
About...• Language development• Populations• Assessment and diagnosis• Treatment and prognosis• How children learn to talk
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Terminology
Language disorderLanguage differenceLanguage delayLanguage devianceChildhood/congenital aphasia/disorder
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ASHA’s Definition (1993, p. 40)
• An impairment in “comprehension and/or use of a spoken or wtitten and/or other symbolic system. The disorder may involve (1) the form of language ..., (2) the content of language..., and/or (3) the function of language in communication... in any combination” (as cited in Paul, 2007).
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Fey’s Definition (p. 31, 1996)
• “a significant deficit in the child’s level of development of the form, content or use of language”?
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Paul’s Definition of Language Disorders
“Children can be described as having language disorders if they have a significant deficit in learning to talk, understand, or use any aspect of language appropriately relative to both environmental and norm-referenced expectations for children of similar developmental level.” (p 3)
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…significant deficit…What’s Significant & Below What?
Significant deficit• Below the 10th percentile
= 1.25 standard deviations below the mean = standard score of 80
Adjusted Age, Chronological Age or Mental Age?• Are delays of the same amount equivalent across the age
span?• How reliable is the measurement ?
Standard scores, age equivalency, percentiles Assessment instruments
• How do you calculate or measure age?• What are you going to use the information for?
Caseload vs. research vs. administrative vs. counselling
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…learning to talk, understand or use any aspect of language…
Bloom & Lahey (1988)
Form
Content Use
Syntax, morphology & phonology
Vocabulary & meaning
Function, context & rules
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…environmental and norm-referenced expectations…
Normative Neutralist
• Noticeable by caregivers
• Affects social or academic function
• Adaptive consequences
• Performs significantly below expectations on norm-referenced tests
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Problems
Normative Neutralist• caregiver perception -
relative to what?• environmental
expectations• institutional
requirements
• availability of tests - age, communicative area
• standardized or naturalistic
• test construction• applicability to
intervention• “significantly different”
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Four Models of Child Language Disorders
1. The Systems Model Language differences Severe disabilities
2. The Categorical Model Medically-based Syndromes of behavior
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3. The Specific Disabilities Model Auditory Perceptual Deficits
E.g., FastForWord
Auditory Processing Limitations E.g., The Surface Hypothesis
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4. The Descriptive-Developmental Model Detailed description of the child's current level of
functioning Semantics, syntax, morphology, phonology,
pragmatics Comprehension and expression Research in normal language development guides
intervention More direct connection between assessment and
intervention Creation of a profile of strengths and weaknesses
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Assumptions:• It is not always possible to know the cause of
the language problem• A detailed profile of the child's language skills is
crucial for intervention• The best treatment decisions are based on
where the child is now and what is next in the normal developmental sequence