Language Language and and

ExpressionExpression

Dr. James ElwoodDr. James Elwood

Meiji University & GRIPSMeiji University & GRIPS

Academic Presentation SkillsAcademic Presentation Skills

October 14, 2014October 14, 2014

ContentsContents

1.1. A Talk ≠ A PaperA Talk ≠ A Paper

2.2. Flow – Make it so.Flow – Make it so.

3.3. ConfidenceConfidence

4.4. Particular PhrasesParticular Phrases

5.5. Q & A Q & A

1. A Talk ≠ A Paper1. A Talk ≠ A Paper

A Talk vs. a Paper: A Talk vs. a Paper: Sentence LengthSentence Length

All nations are now witnessing a rapid All nations are now witnessing a rapid progress in internationalization and progress in internationalization and globalization brought about by globalization brought about by liberalization of economic systems, liberalization of economic systems, progress in telecommunication and progress in telecommunication and transportation, and mobility of capital transportation, and mobility of capital across national borders. across national borders.

Break up what you can’t say in one breath.Break up what you can’t say in one breath.

A Talk vs. a Paper: A Talk vs. a Paper: VocabularyVocabulary

It is advisable for the investor to It is advisable for the investor to purchase stocks when their prices are purchase stocks when their prices are depressed and to sell them at the top of depressed and to sell them at the top of the market.the market.

Go easy on the big wordsGo easy on the big words Replace jargonReplace jargon

A Talk vs. a Paper: A Talk vs. a Paper: ContentContent

Regional autonomy has created Regional autonomy has created opportunities for local governments to opportunities for local governments to take initiative and be creative in take initiative and be creative in improving public service delivery.improving public service delivery.

Enrollment rate in primary education Enrollment rate in primary education has increased by 23%.has increased by 23%.

Prefer facts to abstract ideasPrefer facts to abstract ideas

How to Turn a Paper Into a TalkHow to Turn a Paper Into a Talk

1.1. Eliminate non-essentialsEliminate non-essentials

2.2. Rearrange ideasRearrange ideas

3.3. Shorten long sentencesShorten long sentences

4.4. Replace difficult wordsReplace difficult words

5.5. Connect ideas Connect ideas

6.6. Repeat several times!Repeat several times!

2. Flow – Make it so.2. Flow – Make it so.

Internal Transitions (1)Internal Transitions (1)

Refer to flow structureRefer to flow structure• Track the points Track the points • Refer back to problemRefer back to problem

Use interim summariesUse interim summaries• Now that you’ve seen..., I’m sure you’d Now that you’ve seen..., I’m sure you’d

like to know... Let me tell you... / Let’s like to know... Let me tell you... / Let’s look at...look at...

Internal Transitions (2)Internal Transitions (2)

Refer to earlier ideas Refer to earlier ideas • Earlier, you saw.../ As you recall... / As Earlier, you saw.../ As you recall... / As

mentioned earlier, …mentioned earlier, …

Ask a questionAsk a question• What does this mean?What does this mean?

Summarize Summarize • As you have seen...As you have seen...

Linking Phrases: Linking Phrases: LemmeLemme

Let me explain.Let me explain. Let me add one more thing.Let me add one more thing. Let me backtrack here.Let me backtrack here. Let me rephrase this.Let me rephrase this. Let me just mention one exception.Let me just mention one exception. Let me see if I can give you an Let me see if I can give you an

example.example.

Note: Note: Allow Allow me me toto explain. explain.

3. Confidence3. Confidence

Projecting Confidence Projecting Confidence

Eliminate uncertaintyEliminate uncertaintyI believe → I am confident thatI believe → I am confident that

I feel → I expectI feel → I expect

Use the Active Voice Use the Active Voice

Mistakes were made Mistakes were made → → We made mistakesWe made mistakes

Progress is being made Progress is being made → →

→ → WeWe’’re making re making progressprogress

4. Particular Phrases4. Particular Phrases

ClosingClosing

So, that’s all I have to say.So, that’s all I have to say. That’s the end of my speech. Thank That’s the end of my speech. Thank

you for listening.you for listening. I will now finish my speech. I’m sorry I will now finish my speech. I’m sorry

for my poor English.for my poor English.

In summary, [summarize]. You can In summary, [summarize]. You can now see how/why [main point]... . now see how/why [main point]... .

Problematic Phrases Problematic Phrases

I’ll tell you very quickly...I’ll tell you very quickly... I’m sorry for my poor English...I’m sorry for my poor English... I’m running out of time...I’m running out of time... If you could read this slide...If you could read this slide... This is a busy slide...This is a busy slide... This isn’t my slide...This isn’t my slide... Disregard this slide... Disregard this slide...

Q & AQ & A

At this time I’d like to At this time I’d like to answer any questions you answer any questions you

have. have.

Thank you! Thank you!

Thank you Thank you for your kind attention. for your kind attention.