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LANGUAGE AND CULTURE

BY I DEWA MD BAGUS KASUMAJAYA

NI WYN NADIA REDMA A.

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LANGUAGE AND CULTURE

KINSHIPTABOO AND EUPHEMISM

COLOR TERMINOLOGY FOLK TAXONOMIES

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TABOO Taboo (Wardhaugh, 2006: 239) is the prohibition or

avoidance in any society of behavior believed to beharmful to its members in that it would cause themanxiety, embarrassment, or shame.

Taboos are also often related to setting, such as

constraints against talking about certain topics at thedining table, whistling in the house or at night, orcursing in a place of worship (Troike, 2003:63).

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Example:

1. Someone talks related to something disgusting indinning room.

2. Talking about something that is related to sex inpublic place or talking about it with family.

3. Uttering harsh words in a sacred place

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EUPHEMISM Richard and Schmidt (2000:188) state that euphemism

is the use of a word which is thought to be lessoffensive or unpleasant than another word.

Euphemisms (Holmes, 2001:320) may be used to avoid words considered rude and the concept itself is

uncomfortable, while conveying their meaning: "Kissmy you-know-what!" instead of the more vulgar, "Kissmy ass/arse"; the expletive sugar to substitute shit.

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In language teaching You may use euphemism to cover taboo words ‘stupid’ when you want to give implicit instruction.

Example:

“Okay next time, we need to work together one moretime, we have to discuss this more because this is very

interesting topic”

“You are stupid, don’t be lazy! Study hard!”

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Example:

1. Wafat Mati

2. Restroom toilet3. Developing country poor country

4. Underprivileged poor man

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KINSHIP Wardhaugh (2006: 229) states that kinship systems are

a universal feature of languages. People use languagein daily living refer to various kinds of kin.

Example: A child living away from his parents andlived with his uncle, he would call his uncle as father.

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FOLK TAXONOMIES Wardhaugh (2006: 232) states that a folk taxonomy is a

 way of classifying a certain part of reality so that itmakes some kind of sense to those who have to deal with it.

Example: The example of folk taxonomy we may find

in Bali are the classification of the diseases.

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Classification of Diseases

according to Balinese people

Physical diseases Non- Physical diseases

Diseases

upas

Tilas

nagaTilas

bunga

barah desti

bebainancetik

acep-

acepan

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In Language Teaching

fish mammal

 Animal

sea

horse shark

whale monkey

human rabbit

dog

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COLOR TERMINOLOGY

The terms of color is used by people to describe coloritself give us another means of exploring therelationships between different languages and

cultures. (Wardhaugh, 2006: 235).

Palmer (1971:75) cites that color categorizationinfluences the cultural relevance and color

categorization is not arbitrary and random at all, inaddition, color categorization is not constrained tosome degree, to see as we do and so to label them insomewhat consistent fashion

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Example:

the traditional Japanese ‘red’ and ‘blue’ would be

‘orange’ and ‘turquoise’ in English because those werethe colours of the vegetable dyes they used

the Navaho system of basic colours is related to the use

of objects and colours used in ceremonials

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In language teachingThe use of third person singular morphemes s/es in simplepresent tense which is indicated with red colour.

She reads  the paper   everyday.

S VI s/es  Obj  Adv of time 

He  watches  TV every morning.

S  VI s/es Obj  Adv of time

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Conclusion When we want to utter some of taboo topic such as sex,

death etc, we may use euphemistic words to cover meaningbehind that word. Euphemistic words allow us to talk aboutunpleasant things and disguise or neutralize the unpleasantness.

On the other hand, kinship systems are a universal feature of

languages. People use language in daily living refer to variouskinds of kin. While a folk taxonomy is a vernacular naming system, and

can be contrasted with scientific taxonomy. Folk taxonomy can beused to classify things in general.

Last but not least, the color spectrum is a physical unity that varies among language and culture. We can analyze thedevelopment of the culture (in case of technology, religion, food)by identifying the color categorization of the particular race livesin our world.