lanele oil terminal 1 (lot 1) - enia rev02 · lanele oil terminal 1 (lot 1) - enia rev02.docx` -...

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ObservatoryJohannesburgSouthAfrica

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Email:[email protected]

Website:www.acoustech.co.za

AcoustechConsulting(Pty)Ltd-Reg2015/098932/07 Directors:JKnoppersenPrEngBScEng(Wits)GDE(Wits),OKnoppersenAMIOAAssociates:WMeyerBScEng(Mech)(UKZN),SWeinberg

Environmental Noise Impact Assessment – Proposed Lanele Oil Terminal 1 (Lot 1) Project

RevisionHistoryIssue/revision Remarks Date Preparedby Checkedby Authorisedby

Rev00 Firstdraft 14/12/2018 WMeyer OKnoppersen JKnoppersenPr.Eng

Rev01 Second draft – addresses SSComments2019-01-11

15/02/2019 WMeyer OKnoppersen JKnoppersenPrEng

Rev02 Finalsubmission 19/06/2019 WMeyer OKnoppersen JKnoppersenPrEng

Lanele Oil Terminal 1 (Lot 1) - ENIA Rev02.docx` - Confidential of 43

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS Abbreviation/Acronym Explanation

ATG AutomaticTankGaugingBFS BankableFeasibilityStudyDBSA DevelopmentBankofSouthAfricaEA EnvironmentalAuthorisationEAP EnvironmentalAssessmentPractitionerEDTEA EconomicDevelopment,TourismandEnvironmentalAffairsEHS Environmental,Health,andSafetyEIA EnvironmentalImpactAssessmentESS EnvironmentalandSocialSustainabilityESSS EnvironmentalandSocialSafeguardStandardsIBL InsideBatteryLimitsIFC InternationalFinanceCorporationIMO InternationalMaritimeOrganisationITT Inter-TankTransferJETA1 JetAviationGradeKeroseneLNG LiquifiedNaturalGasMGO IMO2020CompliantMarineGasOil

MPP MultiProductPipeline(previouslyknownastheNewMultiProductPipeline)

NEMA NationalEnvironmentalManagementAct,1998(ActNo.107of1998)

OBL OutsideBatteryLimitsPFS PrefeasibilityStudySANS SouthAfricanNationalStandardULP95 UnleadedPetrol95RONULSD Ultra-LowSulphurDieselVRU VapourRecoveryUnitdBA Aweighteddecibelunit(SeealsoAppendixAforglossary)LwA AweightedsoundpowerlevelLpA Aweightedsoundpressurelevel


Table of Contents ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ..................................................................................................................... 2

ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................................................. 5

1. PROJECT INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 6

2. PROJECT DEVELOPMENT ........................................................................................................................... 6

3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION .............................................................................................................................. 7

3.1. Location ............................................................................................................................................. 7

3.2. Facility Details .................................................................................................................................... 7

4. NOISE IMPACT STUDY ................................................................................................................................. 9

4.1 Facility Services & Operational Activities ........................................................................................... 9

4.2 Construction Activities ..................................................................................................................... 10

4.3. Operational Activities ....................................................................................................................... 10

4.3.1 Pipelines .......................................................................................................................................... 10

4.3.2 Manifolds and Pump Bays ............................................................................................................... 10

4.3.3 Road and Rail Loading and Unloading ............................................................................................ 10

5. METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................................................... 11

5.1 Noise Policy Documents for the Region .......................................................................................... 11

5.2 Field Assessments of the Site ......................................................................................................... 12

5.3 Existing Ambient (Baseline) Noise Measurements .......................................................................... 12

5.4 Estimation of Noise Impact .............................................................................................................. 12

5.5 Provision of Mitigation Measures ..................................................................................................... 12

6. ASSUMPTIONS AND UNCERTAINTIES ..................................................................................................... 13

6.1. Measurements ................................................................................................................................. 13

6.2. SoundPlan Software ........................................................................................................................ 13

6.2.1 Simulation Conditions ...................................................................................................................... 13

7. LEGAL FRAMEWORK ................................................................................................................................. 14

8. BASELINE AMBIENT NOISE LEVEL MEASUREMENTS AROUND THE SITE ........................................ 16

8.1. Description of the Lanele Oil Terminal 1 Site and Surrounding Area .............................................. 16

8.2. Baseline Ambient Noise Levels ....................................................................................................... 16

9. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT .............................................................................................. 18

9.1. Methodology For Assessing Impact Significance ............................................................................ 18

9.2. Project Phases ................................................................................................................................. 20

9.3. Description of Impacts ..................................................................................................................... 20


9.3.1 Construction Phase ......................................................................................................................... 20

9.3.1.1 Existing Site Noise Levels ............................................................................................................... 20

9.3.1.2 Envisaged Construction Noise Sources .......................................................................................... 20

9.3.1.3 Construction Noise Impact ............................................................................................................... 21

9.3.1.4 Discussion ....................................................................................................................................... 21

9.3.1.5 Mitigation Requirements .................................................................................................................. 22

9.3.1.6 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................... 22

9.3.2 Impact Rating of Construction Noise ............................................................................................... 22

9.3.3 Operational Phase ........................................................................................................................... 23

9.3.3.1 Expected Operational Noise Sources .............................................................................................. 23

9.3.3.2 Simulated Operational Noise Levels ................................................................................................ 23

9.3.3.3 Discussion of the Simulated Noise Levels ....................................................................................... 24

9.3.3.4 Operational Noise Impact ................................................................................................................ 25

9.3.3.5 Mitigation Requirements .................................................................................................................. 25

9.3.3.6 Conclusions ..................................................................................................................................... 25

9.3.4 Impact Rating of Operational Noise ................................................................................................. 25

9.3.5 Operational Site Noise Prediction .................................................................................................... 26

9.4. Noise Impact Assessment Summary ............................................................................................... 27

9.5. Recommendations for Impact Management and Mitigation ............................................................ 27

10. CUMULATIVE IMPACT (OPERATIONAL PHASE) ..................................................................................... 28

11. REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................................. 30

Position 1 (Site) ............................................................................................................................................. 36

Position 2 (Bluff) ............................................................................................................................................ 36

Position 3 (Umbilo) ........................................................................................................................................ 37

APPENDICES APPENDIXA:GLOSSARYOFTERMS

APPENDIXB:TYPICALNOISELEVELSORNOISELEVELRANGESTHATCANBEEXPECTEDINVARIOUSENVIRONMENTS

APPENDIXC:BASELINENOISELEVELSOFSITE&SURROUNDINGAREAS

APPENDIXD:EXPECTEDTYPICALSITENOISESOURCES&SPECTRA

APPENDIXE:SOUNDPOWERLEVELSOFTYPICALNOISESOURCES

APPENDIXF:SITELAYOUT


ABSTRACT AcoustechConsultingwasappointedbyGoldertoperformanoiseimpactassessmentfortheproposedLaneleOilTerminal1(Lot1)project.Thestudyinvolvesevaluatingthenoiseimpactofthetheshort-termconstructionphaseandthelong-termoperationalphaseofthedevelopmentatidentifiedsensitivereceptors.Theassessmentiscarriedoutaccordingto the methods described in SANS 10328:2008 and the National EnvironmentalManagementAct.

ConstructionPhase:Theconstructionphaseposesa‘moderateimpactsignificance’noiseimpact, on the surrounding residential areas due to potential night time constructionactivities.Toreducepublicannoyance,appropriateschedulingoftheconstructiontimesisneeded.Mitigationmeasuresinvolvemainlyrestrictingconstructiontobewithindaytimehours.With mitigation measures implemented, a ‘negligible impact significance’ noiseimpactratingwillbeexperiencedbytheclosestsurroundingresidentialareas.

OperationalPhase:TheoperationalnoiseemissionsfromtheLanelesitewillbelowerthanthe construction noise. The operational phase was found to have a ‘negligible impactsignificance’noiseimpactontheclosestsurroundingresidentialareas.Despiteanegligibleimpact, mitigation recommendations have been provided, and involve managing(minimizing)truckaccesstoandfromsiteatnight.

AnoiseimpactsummaryforthetwophasesisgivenbelowinTableA1.

TableA1:Summaryofnoiseimpactonnoisesensitiveareasduetoconstructionandoperationalphases.

Phase ImpactSignificance ImpactSignificanceAfterMitigation

MitigationSuggested

ConstructionPhase Moderate Negligible Yes

OperationalPhase Negligible Negligible Yes


1. PROJECT INTRODUCTION LaneleGroup(Pty)LtdisaprivatelyownedSouthAfricancompanywithatrackrecordinthedownstreamoil,gasandenergysector.LaneleGroupformspartoftheLaneleGroupofentities,whichwasfoundedin2005tofocusontheenergyandcommoditiessector.Usingin-houseexpertisehonedwithintheoilrefining,gas,andcoaltothepetrochemicalindustry, the companyhasmade in-roads into thedownstream segmentof theenergyproductionvaluechain.Ventureshavebeenwithinthebiofuelssector,withabio-refinerythatwillproducebio-ethanolandpower.Thecompanyaimstobecomeafullyintegratedenergyandcommoditiestradingcompany.Thisincludesintereststhroughouttheenergyvaluechain,comprisedofcrudeoil,fuels,lubricantsandpowerandextendingtoindustry-relatedcommoditiessuchassteel,copper,andaluminum.Lanele Group is proposing to develop and operate a liquid fuel blending and storageterminalatAmbrosePark,inBayhead,Durbantobeknownasthe“LaneleOilTerminal1(Lot1)”project.Theportionoflandisapproximately7hectares(ha)andhasbeenleasedfromTransnetPropertiesfor20yearswithanoptiontorenewforanadditional10years.TheproposedLaneleOilTerminal(Lot1)project isfundedbytheDevelopmentBankofSouthAfrica(DBSA).Thefacilityisintendedforthereceipt,storage,blendingandissuingofrefinedproducts.Itwillimportpetrol,dieselandblendingcomponentsviatheportofDurban.Thedistributionofproductwilltakeplaceviathemultiproductspipeline(MPP),previouslyknownasthenewMPP,toGautengandviaroadand/orrail,byLaneleandstoragetenantsatthefacility.LaneleGroupalsohastheintentionofimportinglowsulphurfueloilandsupplyingittotheportviathefacility.

2. PROJECT DEVELOPMENT Lanele Group commissioned engineering company, Thyssenkrupp Industrial SolutionsSouth Africa (Pty) Ltd (Thyssenkrupp) to complete the pre-feasibility study (PFS) andbankable feasibility study (BFS).Theprojectnowrequired thenecessaryEnvironmentalAuthorisations(EAs)undertakenthoughanEnvironmentalImpactAssessment(EIA)beforeconstructionandoperationsmaycommence.GolderAssociatesAfrica(Pty)Ltd(Golder),asEnvironmentalAssessmentPractitioner(EAP),hasbeencommissionedtoundertaketheEIAprocess.ThescopeoftheEIAonlyrelatestotheinsidebatterylimits(IBL)portionofthe proposed LaneleOil Terminal 1 (Lot 1) project.While some aspects of the outsidebattery limits (OBL) portion of the project will be discussed, the outside areas of theproposedprojectdonotformpartofthescopeofthisEIA.Thesitedevelopmentplanindicatesthatthefacilitywillhaveacapacityofapproximately225,000m3ofliquidfuels.Theplanistoimplementtheprojectin2phasesasdrivenbymarketdemand:

• Phase1:215000m3storagefacility;

• Phase2:additional10000m,3totalling225000m3atthestoragefacility


3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

3.1. Location TheLaneleOilTerminal1(Lot1)projectislocatedAmbrosePark,inBayhead,Durban(seeyellowoutlineinFigure1below).Theparceloflandisapproximately7ha,ataportionoftheKingsRoyalFlatsNo.16576andtheremainderofERF10019.

Theareaiscurrentlybeingproposedfortankfarmdevelopmentprojects.TheproposedfacilityisimmediatelynorthandadjacenttotheNOOAtankfarmdevelopmentprojectinBayhead,Durban.

Figure1:FacilityLocationatAmbrosePark,Bayhead,Durban(GoogleEarth2018)

3.2. Facility Details Theoperation of the propose LaneleOil Terminal 1 (Lot 1) facility is primarily pipelinedrivenwithlimitedgantryloadingandthereforewilloperatedasfollows:

• Singleshiftoperation;

• 8hourworkingday;

• 5dayworkingweek;

• 21workingdayspermonth;and

• Shipreceiptsorpipelineinjectionsafterhourscanbemanagedonanovertimebasiswithminimalstaff.

Theproposedfacilitywillstoremostlydiesel50partspermillion(ppm)asultra-lowsulphurdiesel(ULSD),specialdieselproductsandblends,unleadedpetrol(ULP)95octane(ULP95),high octane blend stock, low octane ULP, aviation grade turbine kerosene (JET A1), inaddition to blending components such as reformate, naphtha, biofuels,marine gas oil(MGO) and marine fuel oil (MFO) 500 ppm according to the International Marine


Organisation (IMO)2020specification.The intention to import lowsulphur fueloil andsupply it to theport is in responseto IMO2020 (under thenewglobalcap). IMO2020requiresshipstousemarinefuelswithasulphurcontentofnomorethan0.5%Sagainstthecurrentlimitof3.5%Sinanefforttoreducegreenhousegas(GHG)emissions.ULSD,ULP95andJETA1willbereceivedfromBerths6andBerth9(andalsopossiblyBerth2)intheCutlerComplexviacommonuserinfrastructure.Thedetailsofthereceiptoflowoctane petrol, high octane blend stock and special diesel blend stock is based on thefollowingassumptions:

• Lowoctaneproductisreceivedfromadestination5000mawayviapipelineatarateof600m3/hrinaparcelsizeof(TBA)m3.PropertiesforcalculationpurposeshavebeenassumedtobethesameasULP95.

• Highoctaneblendstockisassumedtobereformate.ItisassumedtobereceivedfromBerth2atarateof800m3/hratmaximumparcelsizeof10000m3.

• Lowoctaneproductisblendedwithhighoctaneblendstockinaratioof4:1.

• Dieselblendstockisreceivedfromadestination5000mawayviapipelineatarateof600m3/hrinaparcelsizeofTBAm3.PropertiesforcalculationpurposeshavebeenassumedtobethesameasULLSD.

ULSD,ULP95andJETA1willbedispatchedtoGautengviatheMPP.ULSD,ULP95andJETA1willalsobedispatchedviaroadtankers.MGOwillbereceivedfromBerth2.MGOwillbedispatchedviapipelinetothestoragewithintheport–locatedalongsideberth10.

Thefacilitywillhavetheabilityto:

• Blend (in-line) low octane unleaded petrol with high octane blend stock (e.g.tolueneorreformate)tocreateULP95.

• Blend(in-tank)ULSDwithblendstocktocreatespecialdieselproducts.

• Addcolourant(in-line)toimportedULP95.

• Addconductivityadditive(in-line)toimportedULSDproduct.


4. NOISE IMPACT STUDY Theenvironmentalnoiseimpactstudycomprisesofaninvestigationof;

• Theapplicablenoiselegislationrelatingtothedevelopmentsite.

• Themeasurementsofexistingnoiselevelsinnearestnoisesensitiveareas(survey).

• Theestimatednoiseemissionfromthefacilityduringconstruction&operation.

• The prediction and assessment of construction & operational noise impact atsensitivereceptors.

• Mitigationrequirementsandrecommendationswherenoiseimpactisexpected.

Thenearestresidentialareasareconsideredthemostsensitivereceptorsforthepurposesofthenoisestudy.Themainreasonforthisisthatnoiseismorelikelytocreateanuisanceduetolowerprevailingambientnoiselevelsduringdayandnighttime.Residentialdistrictsarefarmoresensitivetonoiseatnightthananyothertypeofdistrict.Thenearestandhence most affected suburbs (expected to experience higher noise levels than othersurroundingsuburbs)arethoseintheUmbiloandBluffdistrictsatapproximately1.1kmand1.8kmfromthesiterespectively.

Adiscussiononthenoiseimpactatthenearestoccupiedland(acrossBayheadroad)isalsoprovidedforconstructionandoperationalphasesoftheproject.

4.1 Facility Services & Operational Activities

Thefollowingstandardactivities,operationalservicesandfunctionsareproposed:

• Shipunloadingofproduct(shiptoterminaltanksviaberthsinCutlercomplex)• Truckloadingofproduct(terminaltankstotruck)viagantriesandpumps• Railloadingofproduct(terminaltankstorailtanker)viagantriesandpumps• TanktoNMPPtransfer• Tankmeasurementonsite• Tankwaterdrainingactivities/services• Tankcleaningandemptyingactivities/services• Separatelinepigging,cleaningandpurging• Fire-fightingfacility(watertanks,pumpsanddieselengines)• Moving&parkingoftrucksatroadloadingbays• Vapourrecoveryprocess(VRU)(pumpsandcompressors)• Effluenttreatment(pumps)• Maintenanceworkinmaintenancestores(compressors)• Administrativework(officebuilding)


4.2 Construction Activities

Constructionactivitieswillincludebuildingnewtanks,manifolds,liquidshippinglines,roadandrailloadingbays,andalltheutilitiesandassociatedinfrastructure.

Mechanicalandelectricalequipmentrequiredduringtheconstructionphasecanincludegenerators,pilingrigs,hydraulicexcavators,articulateddumptrucks,compactors,cranes,welding generators, 9’ grinders, air compressors, jack hammers, construction vehicles,concretepremixtrucks,andtractorloaderbackhoes.

Theinitialphasesofdevelopmentincludesitepreparation,constructionandfinallyplantcommissioningandstart-up.

4.3. Operational Activities

4.3.1 Pipelines ProductpipelineswillbeusedtotransportproductfromberthsintheCutlercomplex.TheterminalwillalsoconnecttotheNMPPforinlanddistributionofproduct.

4.3.2 Manifolds and Pump Bays Dedicated product road loading, rail loading, NMPP transfer, and tank-to-tank transferloadingpumpbayswillbeinstalled.

ShipLoadingandUnloading

Petroleumproductswillbeimportedviaship.

ThemainberthlinewillbeusedtounloadproductfromshipstoterminaltanksviaberthswithintheIslandViewCutlerComplex.

4.3.3 Road and Rail Loading and Unloading Various combinations and sizesof truckswill be loaded.All trucks that requirebottomloadingintermsoftheAELwillhavebottomloadingconnections.

Aweighbridgewill be used near entry and exit points for checking laden and unladenpetroleumproductroadtankerweightsforcustodialpurposes.

Railtruckswillbeloadedatthesouthwestboundaryviaasuitablefacilityforblocktrainloadingandstacking.Railgantriesarestilltobeconfirmedatthetimeofwriting,howeverthenoisesourcesareincludedforconservativemeasures.


Figure1:Siteshowingaccesstoandfromthesite(LangebergRoadextension)

5. METHODOLOGY

The procedures, as detailed in SANS 10328:2008 [1] have been applied to the noisemeasurementsandassessmentsmadeinthisreport.Asummaryoftheapproachtothisstudyisoutlinedbelow.

5.1 Noise Policy Documents for the Region ReviewofcurrentlegislationfortheBayheadareaandsurroundingimpactedareas.TheEnvironmental Conservation Act (1989) [4] forms the basis of the national legislation.Regionalregulationsdifferfromareatoarea;therefore,theapplicablelocalauthoritywascontacted,andtheirpoliciesadopted.

Truck Exit

Lanele Oil Terminal 1 (Lot 1) Site

Truck entrance

Railway

Possible rail gantry loading area (approximate position)

Bayhead Road


5.2 Field Assessments of the Site Fieldassessmentsaroundthesitewereundertaken.Thisincludedtheidentificationofthenoisesensitivestakeholders;andabaselineassessmentoftheexistingambientnoiselevelsattheofnoisesensitivestakeholders.Inordertodevelopanunderstandingoftheexistingsound/noiseenvironment,selectednoisemeasurementswereconductedduringdayandnighttimehours(24hrperiod).Thisservestocorrelateactualexistingambientnoiselevelsand the typical rating level of a district according SANS 10103:2008 seen in Table 2.AmbientnoisemeasurementswereperformedinaccordancewiththemethodsdescribedinSANS10103:2008.

5.3 Existing Ambient (Baseline) Noise Measurements Three24-hourmeasurementswereconductedforeachof the identifiednoisesensitivestakeholdersasindicatedinFigure2.Thesesitesare:

1. LaneleOilTerminal1(Lot1)(Site)–Position1

2. LucasCrescent,Bluff–Position2

3. QueenMaryAvenue,Umbilo–Position3

The first two noise levelmeasurementswere performed from between approximately10am and 11am on the 15th November through to 16th November 2018. The thirdmeasurementinUmbilowasdonefrom11amonthe16thNovembertothe17thfora24hourperiod.

5.4 Estimation of Noise Impact Thenoiseimpactwasdeterminedwithreferencetolegalstandards(whereapplicable)andthe specifications and guidelines provided in the SABS standards document(SANS 10103:2008). Significance of impacts can be subjective and legal minimumrequirements andgoodengineeringpracticehave thereforebeenused in each case todeterminewhatisreasonable.Tomakethejudgment,wehavecomparedthepredictednoiselevelineachlocalitywitheachofthefollowing:

• Themeasuredambientnoiselevel;and

• TheSANS10103:2008“typicalratinglevelsfornoiseindistricts”

The extent of potential impacts has taken into consideration the probable communityresponse to increases in sound levels, based on SANS 10103:2008 [5]. Importantcomponentsandnatureofthenoise,suchasimpulsivenessandoccurrenceofpuretones,havealsobeenaccountedforbyincludingcorrectionfactorsasperSANS10103:2008.

5.5 Provision of Mitigation Measures Where it has been determined that the site noise has no significant noise impact, nomitigating measures are necessary and have therefore not been provided.Where theimpactissignificant,mitigationmeasuresareproposed.Mitigationmeasuresmayincluderepositioning the site equipment, modifying the site layouts and design, constructing


acousticenclosures,barrierwallsorbermsaroundthenoisesources,orevenrestrictingoperationsorconstructionactivitiestocertaintimeperiods.

Theassessmentofthenoiseimpactofthesiteonthesurroundingresidentialareaisbasedonaworst-caseapproach;I.e.withoutanymitigationmeasuresinplace.

6. ASSUMPTIONS AND UNCERTAINTIES

6.1. Measurements Thenoisemeasurementswere conductedover24-hourperiodsat two identifiednoisesensitivesitesidentifiedinFigure2.Thenoiselevelmaychangefromdaytodayduetoactivitiesinthecommunity,weatherconditionsandtrafficvolumes.Largeenvironmentalchangesarehowevernecessarytohaveanimpactontheambientnoiselevels.

In addition, weather conditions such as wind may have affected some sound levelmeasurementsandtheminimumrecordednoiselevelsmayhavebeencompromised.Theairpassingthemicrophonetendstocreateanoiseevenwhenfittedwithawindshield.Howevernegligiblewindconditionswereexperiencedforthedurationandlocationofthemeasurements.

6.2. SoundPlan Software Aswithallpredictionsoftware,initialconditiondatainputcanradicallyaltertheresults.Inthiscase, itwasensuredthat,wherepossible,worst-casesituationsweremodelledandthemaximumexpectednoisesourcesforeachsitewasobtained.

6.2.1 Simulation Conditions Theassessmentofthenoiseimpactofthesiteonthesurroundingresidentialareaisbasedon aworst-case approach. The simulation conditions and variableswere configured asfollows:

• Thenoisepointsourceswerepositionedatapproximategeometriccentreofmassoftheequipmentabovethegroundplane(DGMinSoundPLAN)andapproximatealtitudes(egrooftopcondenserunits).Ifthenoisesourcesaresituatedclosertotheground,theimpactmaybelessthanifthesourcesareraisedhigherofftheground.Thiswillhoweverdependonthesurroundingobstaclesandthegroundplanesurfaceproperties.

• Thegroundeffectwastakenintoaccountbymodellingthegroundateachsitewith a sound absorption coefficient of 0.6 across mid-high frequencies. ThisapproximationwasmadeconsideringthattheConcawemethodsuggestsafullyabsorptive(absorptioncoefficientof‘1’)characteristicforgroundthatconsistsofdensevegetation,withmoistconditions.Attheotherendofthespectrum(‘0’),areflectivecharacteristicissuggestedwherehardsurfacesandminimalvegetationexistwithdryconditions.Themodelledcoefficientwillcaterforthevariationsinthe ground surface and various obstructions found between the source andreceiverpointsatgroundlevel.


• Tosimulatetheworst-caseconditionwhenlowatmosphericsoundabsorptioncanbeexpected(forlowtomidfrequencies),thefollowingparameterswereusedinthesimulations:airtemperatureof10ºC;atmosphericpressureof1013.25mbarandhumidityof70%.

• Dynamicfactorssuchasmeteorologicalconditions,whichincludewindvelocity,temperatureinversionandclouds,havenotbeenconsideredinthesimulations.Staticcalculationsarepresentedonly.

• Under temperature inversion conditions, sound propagation can extendmuchfurtherafield.Thisconditionishoweverdifficulttocaterforduetothenumberofvariablesandwasnotfactoredinduringthesimulation.Anincreaseofupto6dBAfromthepredictednoiselevelscouldresultduetosuchconditions[6].

• Thegroundwasmodelledwithelevationcontoursof5mintervals.Theseintervalsprovidesufficientdetailoverthedistancesencounteredformodellingpurposes.

7. LEGAL FRAMEWORK 1. TheConstitutionoftheRepublicofSouthAfricaAct,1996(ActNo.108of1996)[14].

Thisactlistsnoisepollutionasamatterwhichfallsunderthejurisdictionoflocalgovernmentwithassistancefromtheprovincialgovernment.

2. TheEnvironmentalConservationAct,1989(ActNo73of1989)[4].ThisactmakesprovisionfortheNationalNoiseControlRegulationsbuttheserelateonlytolocalauthorities that request the application of such regulations. In 1996, theresponsibility of administering the Noise Control Regulations was devolved toprovincial level but onlyGauteng, Free State andWestern Cape provinces havepromulgatedtheir regulations.Althoughthisacthasbeen largelysupersededbythe National Environmental Management Act (Act No 107 of 1998), the NoiseRegulationswillstillbepromulgatedintermsoftheoriginalAct.

3. SANS10103:2008, the Measurement and Rating of Environmental Noise withRespecttoAnnoyance,andtoSpeechCommunication[5].Thisdocumentprovidesguidelinenoise levels thatareexpected invariousareas. Theseareusedby theNoise Regulations as limits of noise in the various areas.The acceptable ratinglevelsforvariousdistrictsaregiveninTable2a,beingthemaximumambientnoiselevel(ratinglevel)thatisacceptableattheboundaryofthepropertyforanydistrict.Table2bprovidesexpectedcommunityresponseshouldratinglevelsbecausedto increase. The study area is locatedwithin an industrial district and an urbandistrictwithsomeworkshops,businesspremisesandmainroads.ThesevaluesarebasedonthoseoftheWorldHealthOrganisationrecommendations.Thebaselineambientnoise levelsof each respectivedistrictof study replace the tabulatedvaluesinTable2aasthebasisforcalculatingexcessnoiselevels(DL Req, T), but not when the district is undeveloped.

4. Occupational Health and Safety Act, 1993 [15]. Noise-induced Hearing LossRegulations,2003,ExposuretoNoise.Thesitenoisemustmeettheoccupationalnoiselegislationasemployeeswillbeworkingonthesite.Theregulationsstatethat


“Subjecttoregulations9and10,noemployerorself-employedpersonshallrequireorpermit any person to enter any workplace under his or her control where suchpersonwillbeexposedtonoiseatorabovethe85dBAnoiseratinglimit”.Theareawherethenoiseexceeds85dBAmustbeclearlydemarcatedandnopersonshallentertheareawithoutprotectivehearingequipment.Inaddition,initialandregularhearingtestsforindividualsworkinginthenoisezonemustbecarriedoutaccordingtotheregulation.Whereverpossible,engineeringcontrolsshouldbeimplementedsuchthatthenoisedoesnotexceed85dBA.NotethatthisisashortsummaryandthefulllistofregulationsisgivenintheAct.

Table2a:AcceptableexternalnoiselevelswithinadistrictaccordingtoSANS10103:2008[5]

Type of District

Equivalent Continuous Rating Level for Noise (LReq,T) (dBA)

Outdoors Indoors with open windows

Day-night

(LReq,dn)

Daytime (LReq,d)

Night-time

(LReq,n)

Day-night (LR,Dn)

Daytime (LReq,d)

Night-time

(LReq,n)

a) Rural districts 45 45 35 35 35 25

b) Suburban districts (little road traffic)

50 50 40 40 40 30

c) Urban districts 55 55 45 45 45 35

d) Urban districts (with workshops, business premises and main roads)

60 60 50 50 50 40

e) Central business districts

65 65 55 55 55 45

f) Industrial districts 70 70 60 60 60 50

Shouldtheprevailingambientnoiselevelbecausedtoincreaseduetotheintroductionofanewnoisesource/s,theexpectedcommunityresponse isgivenasfollowsasafunctionoftheexcessambientnoiselevel(DL Req, T);

Table2b:Categoriesofcommunityorgroupresponse(extractfromTable5ofSANS10103:2008)[5]

Excess (DL Req, T) (dBA)

Estimated community or group response Category Description

0 to 10 Little Sporadic complaints

5 to 15 Medium Widespread complaints

10 to 20 Strong Threats of community or group action

> 15 Very Strong Vigorous community or group action


8. BASELINE AMBIENT NOISE LEVEL MEASUREMENTS AROUND THE SITE

8.1. Description of the Lanele Oil Terminal 1 Site and Surrounding Area Thesite iscomprisedof longgrassanddensevegetation,withrelatively littlechangeinelevationfortheentireplot.TheplotisboundedbyamajorrailwayjunctiontotheWest,arailwaylineandBayheadRoadtotheNorth-East,andarailwaylinearoundtheNorth-Westtip.ThelandisundevelopedtotheSouth-East.

The developed area surrounding the site is zoned ‘Harbour’. It is expected that theundevelopedlandusewillremainindustrial/harbourzoned,andthatonlyamajorchangetothefunctioningoftheBayheadareawouldchangethis.

Theclosestresidentialareasatadistanceof1.1kmand1.8kmwhichareincludedinthestudyareinUmbiloandontheBluffrespectively.Montclairtothewestisapproximately3kmfromthesite.Clairwood,alsotothewest,liescloserthanMontclairbeyondSolomonMahlanguDrive,howeveritalsoliesintheacousticshadowofalargeindustrialarea.

8.2. Baseline Ambient Noise Levels Theprevailingambientnoiselevelsweremeasuredat3locations;OneontheLanelesiteandtwoattheselectednoisesensitiveresidentialareasclosesttothesite.

TheambientnoiseontheBluffcomprisedofnoisegeneratedbytrains,containerstorage& transportation depot activity, general harbour activity, road traffic (dominant andintermittent)andfloralandfaunalcommunication.TheUmbilodistrictconsistedmainlyoflocalnoisesourcesincludingmainlyroadtraffic,andfloralandfaunalcommunication.Onsitenoiselevelsconsistedmainlyofrailwaynoisefromsurroundingrailways,roadtrafficnoisefromBayheadRoadandsomefloralandfaunalcommunication.

TheloggedmeasurementresultsareprovidedinAppendixC.ThemeasurementresultsareshowninTable3belowandthemeasurementspositionsareshowninFigure2.

Table3:Existingday/nighttimeambientnoiselevels(dBA)atPositions1through3andthecorrespondingSANS10103:2008

equivalentratingnoiselevels(LReq,d,n)

Location Land Use Day-time

06:00-22:00 LReq (dBA)

Night-time 22:00-06:00 LReq (dBA)

SANS10103

Day-time

LReq,d (dBA)

SANS10103

Night-time

LReq,n (dBA)

Position 1: On Site (Ambrose Park)

Industrial 55.2 51.0 70 60

Position 2: Bluff (Lucas Crescent)

Residential (Urban) 54.1 45.1 55 45

Position 3: Umbilo (Queen Mary Avenue)

Residential, business (Urban)

65.6 56.6 60 50


NoteonSANS10103:2008ratinglevelsquoted:

• Umbiloresidentialapartmentsathigherelevationscanexpectanestimated5dBAlowerambientlevelthanambientlevelsexperiencedatgroundlevel.

• Duetothelargeareaofundevelopedorunusedland,a70dBA/60dBAratingfordayandnightrating levelsrespectively isappropriate for thenatureof landusesurroundingthesite/inthe‘harbour’zonedarea.

a) On-sitemeasurements

On-site(Position1)baselineambientmeasurementsshowacorrelationtoUrbandistricts(d)as given inSANS10103:2008. By natureof theproposed landuse and surroundingBayheadindustry,thesitelocationismoreappropriatelytakentofallwithinanIndustrialDistrict. Additionally, due to the isolation of the proposed site, it is expected that thebaseline ambient noise levels during the day and night would increase with theintroductionofnewindustrialdevelopmentsaroundoradjacenttothesitemeaningthesite ambient noise levelswill alignmore closely to thepresented SANS10103 values inTable3.

b) Residentialmeasurements

Thebaselinemeasurementresultsinthenoisesensitive(predominantlyresidential)areas(Positions2and3)correlatetoaregiondescribedasanUrbandistrict(c&d)asprovidedbySANS10103:2008(SeeTable2a&Table3).


Figure2:Positionofthenoisesensitiveresidentialareas(Positions2&3)inrelationtotheLanelesite(Position1).ReferTable3

andAppendixCformeasured24hrambientnoiselevels.

9. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

9.1. Methodology For Assessing Impact Significance Thesignificanceofidentifiedimpactswasdeterminedusingtheapproachoutlinedbelow(terminology from the Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism Guidelinedocument on EIA Regulations, April 1998). This approach incorporates two aspects forassessingthepotentialsignificanceofimpacts,namelyoccurrenceandseverity,whicharefurthersub-dividedasfollows:

Position 3

Position 2

Position 1 (Site)


Table4:ImpactAssessmentFactors

Occurrence Severity

Probabilityofoccurrence Durationofoccurrence Scale/extentofimpact Magnitudeofimpact

Toassessthesefactorsforeachimpact,thefollowingfourrankingscalesareused:

Table5:Impactassessmentscoringmethodology

Magnitude Duration

10-Veryhigh/unknown 5-Permanent(>10years)

8-High 4-Longterm(7-10years,impactceasesaftersiteclosurehasbeenobtained)

6-Moderate 3-Medium-term(3months-7years,impactceasesaftertheoperationallifeoftheactivity)

4-Low 2-Short-term(0-3months,impactceasesaftertheconstructionphase)

2-Minor 1-ImmediateScale Probability

5-International 5-Definite/Unknown4-National 4-HighlyProbable3-Regional 3-MediumProbability2-Local 2-LowProbability1-SiteOnly 1-Improbable0-None 0-None

SignificancePoints=(Magnitude+Duration+Scale)xProbability.

Table6:Significanceofimpactbasedonpointallocation

Points Significance Description

SP>60Highenvironmentalsignificance

Animpactwhichcouldinfluencethedecisionaboutwhetherornottoproceedwiththeprojectregardlessofanypossiblemitigation.

SP30-60Moderateenvironmentalsignificance

Animpactorbenefitwhichissufficientlyimportanttorequiremanagement,andwhichcouldhaveaninfluenceonthedecisionunlessitismitigated.

SP<30Lowenvironmentalsignificance

Impactswithlittlerealeffectandwhichwillnothaveaninfluenceonorrequiremodificationoftheprojectdesign.

+ Positiveimpact Animpactthatislikelytoresultinpositiveconsequences/effects.Forthemethodologyoutlinedabove,thefollowingdefinitionswereused:

• Magnitudeisameasureofthedegreeofchangeinameasurementoranalysis(e.g.,theareaofpasture,ortheconcentrationofametalinwatercomparedtothewaterquality


guidelinevalueforthemetal),andisclassifiedasnone/negligible,low,moderateorhigh.Thecategorizationoftheimpactmagnitudemaybebasedonasetofcriteria(e.g.healthrisk levels, ecological concepts and/or professional judgment) pertinent to each of thedisciplineareasandkeyquestionsanalysed.Thespecialiststudymustattempttoquantifythemagnitudeandoutlinetherationaleused.Appropriate,widely-recognisedstandardsaretobeusedasameasureofthelevelofimpact;

• Scale/Geographicextent refers to thearea that couldbeaffectedby the impactand isclassifiedassite,local,regional,national,orinternational;

• Durationreferstothelengthoftimeoverwhichanenvironmentalimpactmayoccur:i.e.immediate/transient,short-term(0to7years),mediumterm(8to15years), long-term(greaterthan15yearswithimpactceasingafterclosureoftheproject),orpermanent;and

• Probabilityofoccurrenceisadescriptionoftheprobabilityoftheimpactactuallyoccurringas improbable (less than 5% chance), low probability (5% to 40% chance), mediumprobability (40% to 60% chance), highly probable (most likely, 60% to 90% chance) ordefinite(impactwilldefinitelyoccur)

9.2. Project Phases The environmental impacts of the project were assessed for the Construction andOperationalphases.

9.3. Description of Impacts

9.3.1 Construction Phase

9.3.1.1 Existing Site Noise Levels Thereiscurrentlynositeactivityandthereforethesitedoesnotcontributetotheambientnoise levelsofthedistrict.Theexistingsiteambientnoise levelsweremeasuredovera24hr period and are summarized in Table 3. As the adjacent land to the south east isundeveloped,itwouldbeacceptabletoexpectanallowanceofupto70dBA/60dBAfordaytime/ night time activity respectively in the harbour zoned area according toSANS10103:2008despitetherelativelylowmeasuredambientnoiselevels.

9.3.1.2 Envisaged Construction Noise Sources Themainactivitiesduringconstructionofthefacilityaresummarisedasfollows:

• Officeandancillarybuildingconstruction

• Tankconstruction

• Storage&handlinginfrastructureandutilitiesconstruction

Themainnoiseproducingactivitiesandequipmenttobeusedincludepilingoperations,hydraulic excavators, compactors, cranes, mobile site generators, 9’ grinders, aircompressors,jackhammers,andconstructionvehiclesincludingarticulateddumptrucks,concretepremixtrucks,andtractorloaderbackhoes.


9.3.1.3 Construction Noise Impact Typicalmaximumconstructionsitenoisewithoutobstaclesemitsapproximately132dBApeaksoundpower(112dBAcontinuous)fromactivitiessuchassteelgrinding/cutting&hammering,pilingandjack-hammering.Themaximumcontinuoustimeintegratedsoundpressure levelsexpectedat thenoise sensitive sitesdue to the siteemissions is42dBA(Bluff) and47dBA (Umbilo) (includinghighly impulsive correction factor of +12dB). Theestimated (maximum) noise levels due to construction are expected to increase thebaselineambientnoiselevelsintheBluffdistrict,whichmaybeaudibletosomereceiversandconsequentlypresentsanegative impactduringnight-timehours.Theconstructionnoisewill havenegligible impact during day timehours because the levels are at least10dBA below the baseline ambient noise levels and hence is not expected to increasedaytimeambientnoiselevels.Thenearestoccupiedsites(businessesacrossBayheadroad)are expected to experience a maximum continuous noise level of 60dBA due toconstructionnoise(I.e.10dBAbelow70dBA).

Table7:Predictedconstructionnoiselevels(dBA)andexcessambientnoiselevels(PleasereferTable3forbaselineambientnoiselevels,andTable2b)

Location Predicted

Construction Noise Levels LReq (dBA)

Daytime Excess Ambient Noise Levels

(DL Req, T) (dBA)

Night-time Excess Ambient Noise Levels

(DL Req, T) (dBA)

Position 2: Bluff (Lucas Crescent) 42 < 0 + 4.8

Position 3: Umbilo (Queen Mary Avenue) 47 < 0 + 0.5

Nearest business premises 60 < 0 + 3.0

9.3.1.4 Discussion Themaximumcontinuousun-mitigatedconstructionsitenoiseisnotexpectedtoincreasethe baseline noise measurements during the day (06h00 to 22h00) at the nearestresidentialdistricts,howevermayincreasenight-timebaselinenoisemeasurementsby2to3dBA.Thismeansthatgeneralconstructionnoisewillnotbeaudibleduringtheday,butmaybeaudibleatthenearestresidentialareasatnight.Itisthereforerecommendedthatconstructiontimes(especiallyforpilingoperationsandotherimpulsivecharacteractivitiessuchasmetalhammeringandjackhammeractivities)belimitedbetween6amto6pmtoreducetheprobabilityofnoisenuisancecomplaints.

Regarding local district (Harbour) noise levels and nearest occupied sites, limitingconstructiontimestodaytimehourswillalsoensurethatnight-timeambientlevelsdonotexceed60dBA(Industrialdistrictguidelineallowance).Anyactivityonsitewillincreasetheprevailingambient levelsbecause there is currentlynoactivity.Thiswouldnormallybeexpected. Additionally, the land is undeveloped and therefore a projected value(SANS10103guideline) isappropriate for the immediate surrounding sitesnoise impactassessment.


9.3.1.5 Mitigation Requirements Theconstructionactivitiesmustbe limited today timehours (6am-6pm).Doing sowillmitigate thenight time construction noise impact on the residential areas andnearestoccupiedsites.

Further to the abovementioned mitigation recommendation, the followingrecommendationsareincluded;

1. Constructionstaffworkinginareaswheretheequivalent8-hourshiftambientnoiseisequaltoorexceeds85dBA,shouldbeprovidedwithearprotectionequipment.

9.3.1.6 Conclusion Thepredictedconstructionnoise(nighttimehours)willcauseanincreaseinthenighttimebaselinenoiselevelsandmayresultinnoisenuisancecomplaints.

Mitigatingmeasuresmustbeimplementedtominimisethenoiseimpactontheresidentialareas. Possible mitigation measures implemented will only reduce the impact on theresidentialareaandisnotexpectedtomitigatethenoiseimpactfromconstructionnoiseentirely.

9.3.2 Impact Rating of Construction Noise Theimpactratingoftheconstructionnoiseisgivenbelow;

Table8:EnvironmentalImpactAssessment–ConstructionPhase

Activity Impact summary

Before mitigation After mitigation Occurrence Severity

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(Sca

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Construction Noise

Construction Noise Affecting the noise sensitive sites

Neg

ativ

e

5 2 6 2 50

Neg

ativ

e

1 2 2 2 6

Impact:

Environmental Consequence 50

Moderate

Impact is real, but not substantial in relation to other impacts that might take effect within the bounds of those that could occur. Project can be authorised but with conditions and routine inspections. Mitigation measures are feasible and must be implemented.

Impact (After Mitigation):

Environmental Consequence 6

Negligible Zero impact


9.3.3 Operational Phase

9.3.3.1 Expected Operational Noise Sources Duetotheunavailabilityofthenoisedatafortheexpectedsitenoisesources(exceptforthe1MVAgenerator),soundpowerlevels(includingspectraldata)fortheidentifiednoisesourceshavebeenselectedthatwouldrepresenttheworstcasescenario.Therelationshipbetweensoundpowerandsoundpressure isnotasimplerelationshipthusthe85dBAsoundpressurelevelat1mspecification isnotused. Insomecases,thesoundpressurelevelsdoexceedthe85dBAspecification.ThedetailsoftypicalnoisesourcesarecontainedinAppendixD.Typicalnoisesourcesassociatedwiththeoperationalphaseoftheprojectinclude trucks, gantry loading bays, pumps and external HVAC equipment. The typicalsoundpowerlevels(SeeAppendixAfordefinitionofsoundpower)ofthenoisesourcesusedareasfollows(Notethatspectraldatausedresultsinthesinglefigurevaluesquotedbelow);

Trucks (max) 99 dBA

Gantries (Road & rail) 89 dBA

5 ton HVAC Condensers 93 dBA

Pumps (13kW to 482kW) 79 to 101 dBA

Air Compressor – workshop 80 dBA

Compressors – VRU (max) 106 dBA

Generator in enclosure 117 dBA

Thesitewillaccommodate7paralleltruckloadinggantrypointsandanestimated10railgantrypoints.SeveralpumpsaroundsitewillaffectthemovementofproducttoandfromthevariousdistributionlinesincludingtheNMPP.

9.3.3.2 Simulated Operational Noise Levels Simulated noise level contours of the operational phase are illustrated in Figure 3 inrelationtosensitivereceptors.Table9showstheestimatednoiselevelsthatarepredictedtobeexperiencedatthecorrespondinglocations,andexcessnoiselevels.

Table9:Predictedoperationalnoiselevels(dBA)andexcessambientnoiselevels(PleasereferTable3forbaselineambient

noiselevels,andTable2b)

Location Predicted Operational

Noise Levels LReq (dBA)


(DL Req, T) (dBA)


(DL Req, T) (dBA)

Position 2: Bluff (Lucas Crescent) 23 < 0 < 0

Position 3: Umbilo (Queen Mary Avenue) 25 < 0 < 0

Nearest business premises < 50 < 0 < 0


TheproposedoperationalnoiseattheLanelesitewillnotcausetheexistingbaselinenoiselevelsduringthedayornight timeto increaseas theexpectednoise levelsareat least10dBAlowerthanthebaselineambientnoiselevelsofbothnoisesensitivedistrictsandnearestoccupiedsites.Thismeansthattheriskofdisturbanceorcausinganoisenuisanceisnegligible.

NoteonSANS10103:2008baselineratinglevelsassumed:

• Umbiloresidentialapartmentsathigherelevationscanexpectapproximately5dBAlowerambientlevelthanambientlevelsexperiencedatgroundlevel.

• Duetothelargeareaofundevelopedorunusedland,a70dBA/60dBAratingforday/nightratinglevelsisdeemedappropriateforthenatureoflanduse.

Figure3:PredictedoperationalnoisecontoursfromtheLanelesiteintotheenvironment

9.3.3.3 Discussion of the Simulated Noise Levels Thehighestequivalentnoiselevelsthatcanbeexpectedatthenoisesensitivesites(worstcase scenario) is 25dBA at the Umbilo residential boundary. The maximum estimated

Position 2

Position 3


equivalentnoiselevelattheBluffresidentialboundaryis23dBA.Therestoftheresidentialandschoolareafallsbelowthe25dBAcontourindicatingthatoperationalnoiselevelsforthesuburbsontheBluffwillbebelow25dBA.Thenearestoccupiedsites(acrossBayheadroad)willexperiencenoiselevelsof50dBAmaximum,whichwillnotcauseandincreasetotheexpected industrialdistrict rating levelof70dBA.Bayhead roadnoise levels canbeexpectedtoreachbetween65dBAand70dBAduringthedaytimeoncetheareahasbeenfullydeveloped.Operational levelsare likely tobecompletelymaskedby localambientnoiselevelsatthenearestoccupiedsites.

9.3.3.4 Operational Noise Impact TheproposedoperationalnoiseattheLanelesitewillnotcausetheexistingbaselinenoiselevelsduringthedayornight timeto increaseas theexpectednoise levelsareat least10dBAlowerthanthebaselineambientnoiselevelsofbothnoisesensitivedistrictsandnearestoccupiedsites.Thismeansthattheriskofdisturbanceorcausinganoisenuisanceisnegligible.

9.3.3.5 Mitigation Requirements There are no mitigation requirements for the operational phase. However, it isrecommendedthattruckactivity(accesstoandfromsite)shouldbeminimizedduringthenighttimeperiod(22:00–06:00)throughthetrafficmanagementplan.Thiswillensurethatexistingbaselineambientlevelsarenotincreasedsignificantly.Anincreaseof3dBAormorewouldbeconsideredassignificantbythegeneralpublic.Thisisbecausea3dBAormorechangeisthepointatwhichalevelincreaseordecreaseisgenerallyperceived.

9.3.3.6 Conclusions TheproposedoperationsattheLanelesitewillnotcausetheexistingbaselinenoiselevelstoincreaseandthuswillhavenegligible(i.e.zero)impact.

9.3.4 Impact Rating of Operational Noise TheimpactratingoftheoperationalnoiseisgivenbelowinTable10:

Table10:EnvironmentalImpactAssessment–OperationalPhase



Envi

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Operational Noise

Operational Noise Affecting the noise sensitive sites

Neu

tral

2 4 2 2 16

Neu

tral

1 4 1 2 7


Impact:Environmental Consequence 16


Impact(AfterMitigation):Environmental Consequence 7


9.3.5 Operational Site Noise Prediction ThemaximumnoiselevelspredictedonsiteareshownbelowinFigure4.Theworstcasescenarioisrepresentedasallnoisesourcesareinoperationsimultaneously.Noiselevelsover85dBAarehighlylocalizedandcanbeexpectedincloseproximity(<1m)tothelargestpumps,truckgantries(alongsidetruckspullingoff),andinsidetheworkshopbuildingandgeneratorenclosure.

Figure4:SimulatedoperationalnoiselevelsattheLanelesite


9.4. Noise Impact Assessment Summary A summary of the noise impact assessment for the Lanele site is provided in Table 11below.

Table11:SummaryoftheNoiseImpactAssessment

Phase Noise Impact Noise Impact After Mitigation

Construction Phase

Moderate - Impact is real, but not substantial in relation to other impacts that might take effect within the bounds of those that could occur.

Project can be authorised but with conditions and routine inspections. Mitigation measures are

feasible and must be implemented.

Negligible - Zero impact

Operational Phase

Negligible - Zero impact N/A

9.5. Recommendations for Impact Management and Mitigation Recommendationsformitigationandmanagementareasfollows;

Table12:Recommendedmitigationmeasures

Potential Impact Mitigation, management and control measures

Construction Phase

Construction Noise experienced at the noise sensitive areas

• Construction must be restricted to daytime shifts between 6am and 6pm.

• Construction staff working in areas where the 8-hour ambient noise is equal to or exceeds 85dBA, should be provided with ear protection equipment.

Operational Phase

Operational Noise experienced at the noise sensitive areas

• Minimize truck activity during night time (22h00 – 06h00)


10. CUMULATIVE IMPACT (OPERATIONAL PHASE) ThecumulativeeffectoftheoperationalphasesfortheLanele&NOOAfacilitieshasbeenestimatedandtheimpactsignificancecalculated.Thereisinsufficientinformationavailablefortheother2proposedtankfarmssouth-eastoftheNOOAsite,thereforeitisnotpossibletoaccuratelypredictthefullcumulativenoiseimpactforall4sites.All4siteswouldneedtobeincludedinaseparate,detailednoisepredictionstudytodeterminetheindividualcontributionsofalloperationalcomponentstoanypotential impacts,andthenaddressmitigationrequirementsorstrategiesonasitebysitebasis,andbyiteration.

Figure5:CombinedpredictedoperationalnoisecontoursfromtheLanele&NOOAsitesintotheenvironment

ThenearestBluffboundarycanexpectthenoiselevelstoreach32dBAmaximumconsideringboth sites being in operation (maximum capacity), while the Umbilo district boundary canexpectnoiselevelsuptoamaximumof28dBA.Thesevaluesareatleast10dBAlowerthanthebaseline ambient noise levels for day and night and therefore present a negligible impactsignificance.


Table13:CumulativeeffectofNOOAsiteonnoisesensitivedistrictsBluffandUmbilo,andnearestoccupiedsitesforOperationalphase(ReferTable2bandTable3)

Location

Predicted Operations Noise Levels (Lanele & NOOA

combined) LReq (dBA)


(DL Req, T) (dBA)


(DL Req, T) (dBA)

Bluff 32 < 0 < 0

Umbilo 28 < 0 < 0

Nearest business premises 50 0 0

TheimpactratingofthecumulativeoperationalnoiseisgivenbelowinTable14:

Table14:EnvironmentalImpactAssessment–OperationalPhasecombinedwithNOOAoperationalphase



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Operational Noise

Operational Noise Affecting the noise sensitive sites

Neu

tral

2 4 2 2 16

Neu

tral

1 4 1 2 7

Impact:Environmental Consequence 16


Impact(AfterMitigation–minimizingtruckactivityatnight):Environmental Consequence 7


Note on cumulative noise impact for construction phase: Construction noise impact isconsidered negligible during day-time, due mainly to distance (>1km) from sensitivereceptors.SitesclosertotheBluffresidentialareasthanNOOAmaypotentiallyresultinanambient noise level increase and hence noise nuisance complaints. This would becompounded if construction occurs on more than one site simultaneously, thereforedetailedmitigationmayberequiredforcertainconstructionactivities.


11. REFERENCES

1. SANS10328:2008.‘Methodsforenvironmentalnoiseimpactassessments.’

2. NationalEnvironmentManagementAct(NEMA2006).

4. EnvironmentConservationAct,1989(Act73of1989).

5. SANS10103:2008.‘Themeasurementandratingofenvironmentalnoisewithrespecttolanduse,health,annoyanceandtospeechcommunication.’

6. SANS10357:2004.‘ThecalculationofsoundpropagationbytheConcawemethod.’

7. “SoundPLAN,designingasoundenvironment.”URLhttp://www.soundplan.com/.

8. TheConstitutionoftheRepublicofSouthAfricaAct,1996(ActNo.108of1996).

9. NoiseControlRegulations(AttachedtotheActNo73of1989).

10. OccupationalHealthandSafetyAct,1993.


Appendix A GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Inordertoensurethatthereisaclearinterpretationofthisreportthefollowingmeaningsshouldbeappliedtotheacousticterminology.

• Ambientsoundlevelorambientnoisemeansthatthetotallyencompassingsoundina given situationat a given time, andusually composedof sound frommanysources,bothnearandfar.Notethatambientnoise includesthenoisefromthenoise sourceunder investigation. Theuseof theword ambient shouldhoweveralwaysbeclearlydefined(comparewithresidualnoise).

• A-weightedsoundpressurelevel(SPL)(noiselevel)(LpA),indecibels:

ThesoundpressurelevelofA-weightedsoundpressureisgivenbytheequation:

LpA=10log(pA/Po)2where:

PAistheA-weightedsoundpressure,inPascals;and

Poisthereferencesoundpressure(po=20microPascals(µPa))

Note: Theinternationallyacceptedsymbolforsoundpressurelevel,dB(A),isused.

• dB(A)meansthevalueofthesoundpressurelevelindecibels,determinedusingafrequencyweighting network A. (The “A”-weighted noise levels/ranges of noiselevelsthatcanbeexpectedinsometypicalenvironmentsaregiveninTableA1attheendofthisappendix).

• Disturbing noise means a noise level that exceeds the outdoor equivalentcontinuousratinglevelofthetimeperiodandneighbourhoodasgiveninTable2ofSANS10103:2004.Forconvenience,thelattertableisreproducedinthisappendixasTableA1.

• EquivalentcontinuousA-weightedsoundpressurelevel(LAeq,T)meansthevalueoftheA-weightedsoundpressurelevelofacontinuous,steadysoundthat,withinaspecifiedtime interval,hasthesamemean-squareshouldpressureasasoundunderconsiderationwhoselevelvarieswithtime.

• Equivalent continuous rating level (LReq,T )means theequivalent continuousA-weighted sound pressure level during a specified time interval, plus specifiedadjustments for tonalcharacterand impulsivenessof thesoundandthetimeofday.

• Equivalent continuous day/night rating level (LR,dn ) means the equivalentcontinuousA-weightedsoundpressurelevelduringareferencetimeintervalof24-hours, plus specified adjustments for tonal character and impulsiveness of thesoundandthetimeofday.(Anadjustmentof10dBisaddedtothenight-timeratinglevel).


• IntegratingsoundlevelmetermeansadevicethatintegratesafunctionoftherootmeansquarevalueofsoundpressureoveraperiodoftimeandindicatestheresultindBA.

• Noisemeansanyacousticphenomenonproducinganyauralsensationperceivedasdisagreeableordisturbingbyan individualor group.Noisemay thereforebedefinedasanyunwantedsoundorsoundthatisloud,unpleasantorunexpected.

• Noiseclimateisatermusedtodescribethegeneralcharacteroftheenvironmentwithregardtosound.Aswellastheambientnoise level (quantitativeaspect), itincludes the qualitative aspect and the character of the fluctuating noisecomponent.

• Noise Control Regulations means the regulations as promulgated by theDepartmentofEnvironmentalAffairsandTourismandtobeusedbytheprovincialauthorities to prepare their specific regulations. The Gauteng and Free StateProvinceshavepromulgatedtheirownregulationsandthussectionsoftheprojectare governed by the Gauteng Noise Control Regulations and the Noise ControlRegulationsfortheFreeStateProvince.KwazuluNatalProvincehasnotandthusthe sections of the project in Kwazulu Natal are governed by the NationalRegulations.

• Noiseimpactcriteriameansthestandardsappliedforassessingnoiseimpact.

• Noiselevelmeansthereadingonanintegratingimpulsesoundlevelmetertakenatameasuringpointinthepresenceofanyallegeddisturbingnoiseattheendofatotalperiodofatleast10minutesaftersuchameterwasputintooperation,and,iftheallegeddisturbingnoisehasadiscerniblepitch,forexample,awhistle,buzz,drone or music, to which 5dBA has been added. (the ”A” weighted noiselevels/rangesofnoiselevelsthatcanbeexpectedinsometypicalenvironmentsaregiveninTableA2attheendofthisappendix).

• Noisenuisancemeansanysoundwhichdisturbsorimpairsormaydisturborimpairtheconvenienceorpeaceofanyreasonablepersonconsideringthequantitativelymeasurable suchasbarkingdogs,etc. (comparedwithdisturbingnoisewhich ismeasurable).

• Residualsoundlevelmeanstheambientnoisethatremainsatapositioninagivensituationwhenoneormorespecificnoisesaresuppressed(comparewithambientnoise).

• SoundexposurelevelorSELmeansthelevelofsoundaccumulatedoveragiventimeintervalorevent.Technicallythesoundexposurelevelisthelevelofthetime-integrated mean square A-weighted sound for stated time or event, with areferencetimeofonesecond.

• Soundpowerlevelindicatesthetotalacousticenergythatamachine,orpieceofequipment,radiatestoitsenvironment.

• Sound (pressure) level means the reading on a sound level meter taken at ameasuringpoint.


• SANS10103meansthelatesteditionoftheSouthAfricanBureauofStandardsCodeofPracticeSANS10103titledTheMeasurementandRatingofEnvironmentalNoisewithRespecttoLandUse,Health,AnnoyanceandtoSpeechCommunication.

• SANS0210meansthelatesteditionoftheSouthAfricanBureauofStandardsCodeofPracticeSANS0210entitledCalculatingandPredictingRoadTrafficNoise.

• SANS10328meansthelatesteditionoftheSouthAfricanBureauofStandardsCodeof Practice SANS 10328 titled Methods for Environmental Noise ImpactAssessments.

• Sound means the aural sensation caused by rapid, but very small, pressurevariationsintheair.Inquantifyingthesubjectiveauralsensation,“loudness”,thelettersdBAafteranumeraldenotetwoseparatephenomena:

“dBA”, short for decibel, is related to the human’s subjective response to thechangeinamplitude(orlargeness)ofthepressurevariations.

The”A”denotestheear’sdifferentsensitivitytosoundsatdifferentfrequencies.The ear is verymuch less sensitive to low (bass) frequency pressure variationscomparedtomid-frequencies.

Thelevelofenvironmentalsoundusuallyvariescontinuouslywithtime.Ahuman’ssubjective response to varying sounds is primarily governed by the total soundenergy received. The total sound energy is the average level of the fluctuatingsound,occurringduringaperiodof time,multipliedby the total timeperiod. Inorder to compare the effects of different fluctuating sounds, one compares theaveragesoundleveloverthetimeperiodwiththeconstantlevelofasteady,non-varyingsoundthatwillproducethesameenergyduringthesametimeperiod.Theaverageenergyofsoundvaryinginamplitudeisthusequivalenttothecontinuous,non-varyingsound.Thetwoenergiesareequivalent.

ReferalsothevariousSouthAfricanNationalStandardsreferencedaboveandtheNoiseControlRegulationsforadditional,insomeinstances,moredetaileddefinitions.


APPENDIX B TYPICAL NOISE LEVELS OR NOISE LEVEL RANGES OF VARIOUS ACTIVITIES OR EQUIPMENT

Noise Level dB(A)

Typical Environment Subjective Description

140 30m from jet aircraft during take-off Unbearable 130 Pneumatic chipping and riveting (operator’s position) Unbearable

>120 Hearing damage possible even for short exposure Unbearable 120 Large diesel power generator Unbearable

105-120 Low level military aircraft flight Unbearable 110 – 120 100m from jet aircraft during take-off Unbearable

110 Metal workshop (grinding work), circular saw Very noisy 105-110 High speed train at 300km/h (peak pass-by level at 7,5m) Very noisy 95 - 100 Passenger train at 200km/h (peak pass-by level at 7,5m) Very noisy 95 – 100 Freight train at 100km/h (peak pass-by level at 7,5m) Very noisy 90 – 100 Discotheque (indoors) / Printing press room Very noisy 75 – 100 7,5m from passing motorcycle (50km/h) Very noisy 80 – 95 7,5m from passing truck (50km/h) Very noisy

80 10m from edge of busy freeway (traffic travelling at 120km/h) Very noisy 75 Kerbside of busy street Noisy 70 Blaring radio / 3m from vacuum cleaner Noisy

60 – 80 7,5m from passing passenger car (50km/h) Noisy 65 Large busy office Noisy

60 Conversational speech / TV (set at home level) at 1 m Supermarket / small office Noisy

50 Average suburban home (day conditions) / Private Office Quiet 40 - 45 Average suburban home (night-time) Quiet

35 Quiet residence / Library Quiet 30 – 35 Average rural home (night-time) Quiet 25 – 30 Slight rustling of leaves Quiet

20 Background in professional recording studio Very Quiet 0 – 20 Experienced as complete quietness Very Quiet

10 Hearing threshold, good ears at frequency of maximum sensitivity 0 Hearing threshold, excellent ears at frequency of maximum sensitivity


APPENDIX C BASELINE LOGGED LAeq NOISE LEVEL GRAPHS OF SITE & SURROUNDING AREAS

Position 3

Position 2

Position 1 (Site)

Umbilo

Bluff


Position 1 (Site)

Position 2 (Bluff)

Nighttime22h–6h

Nighttime22h–6h


Position 3 (Umbilo)

Nighttime22h–6h


APPENDIX D EXPECTED TYPICAL SITE NOISE SOURCES & SPECTRA

FigureD1:1/3OctaveSPLnoisespectrumofa15kWpumpduringoperationat1m

FigureD2:PumpSPLadjustmentsforgivenkWpowerrating


FigureD3:1/3OctaveSPLnoisespectrumofatruckstartupandpulloffat5m(Lw=99dBA)

FigureD4:1/3OctaveSPLnoisespectrumofagantryonsiteat5m(Lw=89dBA)


Figure6:OctaveSPLnoisespectrumofanenclosed1000kVAgeneratoronsiteat1m(Lw=117dBA)

Figure7:OctaveSoundpowernoisespectrumofpilingoperationonsite(Lw=132dBA)


APPENDIX E SOUND POWER LEVELS OF TYPICAL NOISE SOURCES

Table 15: Sound power levels of construction equipment and assorted noise sources.

Noise Source Sound Power (dBA) Constant Operating

Sound Power (dBA) Max (peak) Min Pile driver (Impact noise) 132 Pneumatic chip hammer 131 121 Jack Hammers, Rock Drills 130 112 Rock drill 130 Trucks (All types) 127 99 Tractors 126 108 Front End/Wheel loader 125 70 Backhoes 124 101 Scrapers, Graders 124 111 Pneumatic Wrenches 121 116 Concrete Mixers 120 106 Crane max 120 107 Mechanical shovel 120 Pavers 120 Pneumatic breaker 120 Air Compressors 119 106 Concrete joint cutter 119 116 Portable saw 119 105 Jawcrusher diesel ca 250 kW 118 Stud welder 118 Bulldozer 117 110 Breaker, mini-robot mounted 115 Piling, vibrating hammer 115 Concrete Pumps 114 109 Roller Compactor 114 104 Earth Tamper 113 107 Generators 113 103 Saws 113 101 Concrete Vibrator 112 101 Cutter, circular, steel (electric) 112 Hammer 112 104 Impact crusher 112 Earthmover 111 104 Drill rig, rotary type (diesel) 110 Road grinder (petrol) 108 Road sweeper 107 Water jetting unit (diesel) 107 94 Dredger, Suction, Grout pumps 105 103 Road ripper, excavator mounted 105 Paint line remover 104 Concrete crusher 103 94 Soil pump 103 Poker, vibratory, hand-held (electric) 102


Generator, portable 100 Power pack (diesel) 100 Power swivel 100 Trucks (Typical onsite) 99

Noise Source Sound Power (dBA) Constant Operating

Sound Power (dBA) Max (peak) Min

Jig-saw, hand-held, wood (electric) 99 Road ripper, mini-robot mounted 97 Air blower (electric) 95 Excavator, mini-robot mounted 94 Agitator (electric) 90 Concrete buster 90 Grout mixer 90 Drill, hand-held (battery) 89 Gantry Operational Noise (onsite) 89 Pump Noise (onsite) 89 Paint line marker (low pressure) 87

Table16:Estimatedequivalentsoundpowerlevelsfortypicalnoisegeneratedbygeneralsiteoperations.

General Site Operation Sound Power (dBA) Constant Operating

Sound Power (dBA) Max (peak) Min

Construction site noise 132 N/A 112


APPENDIX F SITE LAYOUT (PREFERRED OPTION) (Ref DRWG NO. LOEO-00180-PIP-LD-00001 REV-A.pdf)