LandscapesLandscapesLandscape can be thought of as

nature’s sculpture of Earth’s surface.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qJ-mHwzAyz8&feature=related

IntroductionIntroduction

• Earth’s surface is only 29% land.• Landscapes are the total ways areas look

– Land, Soil, Plants, and Animals.

Patterns of these on Earth affect where people live, how they make a living and where transportation routes are built.

http://www.amazon.com/Earth-Biography-Dr-Iain-Stewart/dp/B0018CWVWE/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=dvd&qid=1298660976&sr=1-1-spell

LandscapesLandscapes

• Single physical features in landscapes that give the land its general shape and look.– Large (Major)– Small (Minor significant details)

• This gives each area of Earth its individual look

LandscapeLandscape

• Caused by natural forces that shape the land on the surface of Earth.

• One force comes from inside the Earth, the other force is on the surface of Earth.

• People that study these forces are called geologists.

Earth’s Structure – 4 PartsEarth’s Structure – 4 Parts• Crust – outer part

– (Oceanic crust) 3 miles thick– (Continental crust) as thick as 22 miles in some

places- Why?

• Mantle – very hot, solid rock (1800 miles)• Outer core – Molten, melted iron and nickel

called magma.• Inner core – Center of the earth (diameter 1510

miles) very hot solid nickel and iron.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q9j1xGaxYzY&feature=related

Tectonic MovementTectonic Movement

• Heat (outer & inner core) – Pressure causes crust to rise, fold or break.

• Always moving or shifting is called tectonic activity

• Plates can move as much as ½ inch to 1 inches in a year

The Drifting Continents

The Drifting Continents

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3uBcq1x7P34&feature=player_embedded

Tectonic PlatesTectonic Plates

• 14 plates– Seven are major– Largest plate is oceanic crust

• Activity along edges of plates– Slide over, under, against, or away from each

other.– These movements make landforms on the

ocean floor and on continents.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BCtPofNKQug&NR=1

DIVergent boundary- Plates DIVide or move apart

COnvergent boundary- Plates COme together

Transform boundary- Plates slide past one another

Faults- Fractures in the Earths crust formed where two plates meet and pressure builds up.

The San Andreas Fault runs through California on the West Coast along a Transform Boundary (the plates slide past each other)

Activity along the fault lines

http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/environment/environment-natural-disasters/earthquakes/earthquake-101.html

Primary Land FormsPrimary Land Forms

• Originally made by tectonic activity• Mountains (4 types)

– Folded – pushing pieces up (Appalachian)– Fault-Block – 2 plates slide past each other causing

creases (faults) earthquakes. (Southern California)– Dome – Crust pushed up by one plate sliding under

another (magma) (Enchanted Rock in Texas)– Volcanic – Plate slides under another- volcanoes may

form (Hawaiian Islands)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dPa2fN_1j0M

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=os-W1udb3EM&feature=related

Folded Fault-Block

Dome Volcanic

Tsunami (pron: 'soo-nar-me') is a Japanese word; 'tsu' meaning

harbour and 'nami' meaning wave. The phenomenon usually is

associated with earthquakes, landslides or volcanic eruptions in, or adjacent to oceans and results in sudden movement of the water

column. Until recently tsunami were called tidal waves, even

though the event has nothing to do with tides.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w3AdFjklR50