landscapes topic 14 regents earth science. uplifting or leveling forces originate below or in...
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Landscapes
Topic 14
Regents Earth Science
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Uplifting or Leveling Forces
Originate below or in lithosphere and raise land, build mountains, cause continental growthEnergy comes from radioactive decay and heat left over from Earth’s formationExamples: volcanic action
earthquakesplate movement
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Leveling or Destructive Forces
Operate at/near earth’s surface and break down rocks, transport material from higher to lower elevations, and level off/lower the landSources of energy: gravity
the sun Examples: weathering deposition
erosion subsidence
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Time and Landscape Stages
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Youth
Uplfting forces dominant
High elevations
Steep slopes
Rugged surfaces
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Mature
Leveling forces dominant
Lower elevations
Less rugged/more rounded surfaces
Steepness decreases
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Old
Smooth
Flat
Low elevations
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In which order should the diagrams be placed to show the most likely sequence of river and landscape development.
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Effects of Climate on Landscape Development
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Arid Landscapes
Steep slopes
Sharp, angular features
Thin, sandy soils
Little/no vegetation
Streams are intermittent (temporary)
Internal drainage
Alluvial fans
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Humid Landscapes
Smooth, rounded slopes
Thick soil
Abundant vegetation
Permanent streams
Streams flow to ocean
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Glaciers and Landscapes
Steep slopes/little soil
Wide, u-shaped valleys
Soils contain unsorted particles
Many lakes
Disrupted stream patterns
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Effect of Bedrock on Landscapes
Controls shape and steepness of slopesControls stream drainage patternsMost resistant form cliffs, plateau tops, escarpments, tops of waterfallsRESISTANT rocks stick out/they do NOT weather or erode NONRESISTANT rocks are easily/quickly weathered and eroded
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Resistant Strata
Which layer is the most resistant?
How can you tell?
Which layer is the least resistant?
How can you tell?
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Stream Drainage Patterns
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Radial and Dendritic Patterns
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Annular Stream Pattern
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Trellis Stream Pattern