landscape management: landscape design concepts notes...line plantings- line plantings of trees and...

Landscape Management LM2 Landscape Design Concepts

Landscape Management: Landscape Design Concepts Notes

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Design Elements: Texture: Form:




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Color: Line: Principle of Design:




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Scale and Proportion: Balance: Rhythm, Sequence and Repetition:




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Landscape Design: Focal Point: Plants:




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Symbols: Variations of Circles: Variation of Lines: Plant List: Lettering: Title Block:


LM2.1

TM2.3

Landscape Management: Landscape Design Concepts


LM2.1 Landscape Management: Landscape Design Concepts



Plant Forms

Form Description Examples

Horizontal Spreading

Pendulous

Trailing

Mounded

Irregular

Pyramidal

Columnar

Rounded

Oval

Vase-Shaped (Upright

Spreading)


LM2.2 KEY Landscape Management: Landscape Design Concepts

Plant Forms

Form Description Examples

Horizontal Spreading Branches and leaves form broad crowns;

crowns expand in horizontal fashion Live oaks, London plane trees

Pendulous sometimes called “weeping” trees, long

flexible branches which may or may not

touch the ground, irregular shape

weeping willow, weeping

cherry, weeping mulberry

Trailing

Produce horizontal growth; few if any

upright branches; good for border

planting and ground cover

Wintercreeper euonymus,

jasmine, bleeding heart,

wisteria

Mounded

Rounded shape, short to the ground;

similar to round but stem-length is

shorter so shrub is closer to the ground

than rounded tree

Japanese spiraea, Japenese

garden juniper, eastern white

pine

Irregular can be variety of heights, sometimes

more wide than tall, open and irregular

shape

cherry, dogwood, ginkgo,

mimosa

Pyramidal wide at the bottom, horizontal branches,

need space for wide expansion

blue spruce, Fraser fir, pin oak,

western red cedar

Columnar tall, narrow, upright branches, height

provides screen or block without being

too wide

Italian cypress, Lombardy

poplar, pyramid oak, Emerald

Green arborvitae.

Rounded upright with dense branching upright to

form rounded shape

jacaranda, red oak, Ohio

buckeye, red maple, white ash

Oval Similar to rounded, but more oval shaped

(taller and narrower)

green ash, American mountain

ash, paperbark birch,

Norway maple, Kentucky

coffeetree

Vase-Shaped (Upright

Spreading)

widest at the top just like a vase,

branches are upright, offers elevated

shade for walking below

crape myrtle, American elm,

Kwanzan cherry

Fastigate similar to columnar but have multiple

trunks, not usually natural varieties

upright European hornbeam,

fastigiate Ginkgo biloba



Landscape Plans

Critique the landscape plans for their use of the design elements.

Landscape 1

Texture

Form

Line

Color

Landscape 2

Texture

Form

Line

Color

Landscape 3

Texture

Form

Line

Color

Landscape 4

Texture

Form

Line

Color



Balance in a Landscape

1. Sketch a landscape with symmetrical balance.

2. Sketch a landscape with asymmetrical balance



Landscape Designs

At three locations at or near the school, evaluate landscape design for the design elements.

Location #1

Description of area_____________________________________________________________________

Evaluate each design element:

Texture

Basic plant forms

Color/environmental

factors

Line

Emotion

Size of plants

Balance

Rhythm

Simplicity

Focal point

Location #2



Texture

Basic plant forms

Color/environmental

factors

Line

Emotion



Size of plants

Balance

Rhythm

Simplicity

Focal point

Location #3



Texture

Basic plant forms

Color/environmental

factors

Line

Emotion

Size of plants

Balance

Rhythm

Simplicity

Focal point



Arrangement of Trees and Shrubs

Trees and shrubs can be arranged in the public, private, and service/utility areas in any of three

ways: line plantings, corner plantings, and foundation plantings. All plantings are grounded in

cultivated beds and mulched. Design elements and principles are used in order to help stimulate

imagination and interest in the plantings.

Line Plantings- Line plantings of trees and shrubs can be used to make walls, screens, or

enclosures. Line plantings can be composed to block or frame a view. They can give total,

partial, or no privacy. To enhance a line planting be careful not to oversimplify, causing

monotony; or to create chaos, with too much variety of any design element. A line planting looks

appealing when trees and shrubs are put into groups of three, five, or seven. An effective way to

make a line planting is to place shorter plants in front of taller ones, and stagger the plants in the

line.

Corner Plantings- Corner plantings are used at the corners of connecting lines in a landscape

plan and are formed with two parts, the in-curve and the out-curve. The in-curve is the center of

the planting area where the tallest plant is placed. It is also the area of the planting that will

attract most of a viewer’s attention. The out-curve is on both sides of the in-curve. Shorter plants

are placed at the out-curve with taller plants placed at the in-curve, giving a stair-step effect.

Corner plantings can be added to the end of a line planting for a continuous screen or wall effect.



Foundation Plantings- Foundation plantings are placed directly alongside a house. They were

very popular many years ago in helping to hide large foundations. Today, homes are built more

efficiently and it is not usually necessary to cover the foundation area. Foundation plantings are

still used today, but have a different purpose. They help connect the house to the rest of the

landscape. Foundation plantings are more effective if they do not stop at a corner of the house,

but continue around the corner of into the yard.

Public Area- The focal point in the public area is the front door and entryway. The landscaping

of the public area should be attractive and inviting, easily leading people into the house or

building. The funneling approach is the best way to draw attention to an entrance. The taller

plants are placed the furthest from the door. As the plants are placed closer to the door, their

heights gradually decrease.

Another approach that can be used to draw attention to the front door is to emphasize the

doorway by using manufactured or natural enrichments such as boulders, birdbaths, or

driftwoods. A strong visual characteristic of form, color, or texture in an accent plant or

specimen plant will work as well.

Private and Service/Utility Area- Opportunity for creativity exists in placement of the focal

points in the private and service/utility areas. The focal point should be emphasized, and the

remaining area arranged to complement the coal point. How the area is designed depends on the

size and shape of the area and how it is to be used. The private area is a place of privacy and

relaxation. It is an extension of a house to the outdoors, often including a patio or deck and an

open space for activities. The entire area can be landscaped formally or informally, depending on

the client’s desire.

The service/utility area may or may not have a focal point, depending upon the actual use and

size of the area. It may be partially or totally screened. The private and service/utility areas can

be screened and divided to control views into and out of the areas. Screens and divisions aid in

traffic circulation. Screens and divisions can be made with line or corner plantings, or

constructed from wood or concrete.



Landscape Scenarios

Assign student the two scenarios listed below. Teacher may choose to allow students to work in

groups of two. After students are done, have them present designs and discuss how the elements

make them different.

Using measurements given, complete the following steps in designing the public area.

Scenario 1:

• Draw this section of house on graph paper

using a scale of 1” = 4’

• Design the public area using the front door as

the Focal point.

• Use a corner and foundation planting with

mass groupings, accents, or specimen plants.

• Make a list of all plant materials used.

• Design with plants that will grow well in this

sunlight.

• Remember not to cover the windows with

plants.

• Make a title block for this design.

• All images from IML Landscaping

Management

Scenario 2:

• Draw this section of house on graph

paper using a scale of 1” = 4’

• Design the with line and corner

plantings.

• Create a focal point in the southwest

corner to shade the patio from

afternoon sun.

• Design a partial screen for privacy

from the western neighbor.

• Add color to the design.

• Make a list of all plant materials

used.

• Make a title block for this design.



Landscape Scenarios

Rubric

Points

4 Points

3 Points

2 Points

1 Point

Drawing

Drawing is done to

a scale that

matches 1” = 4'

1 error in Scale

Drawing

2 errors in scale

drawing

3 or more errors in

scale

Plantings

All

plantings/groupings

are appropriate for

the area designed.

Most

plantings/groupings

are appropriate for

the area designed.

A few

plantings/groupings

are appropriate for

the area designed.

1 of the

plantings/groupings

is appropriate for

the area designed.

List of

materials

All plants that are

used are listed in

alphabetical order.

Most plants that are

used are listed in

alphabetical order.

Few of the plants

that are used are

listed in

alphabetical order.

A couple plants

that are used are

listed in

alphabetical order.

Title

Block

All elements of the

title block are

presented

3 of the elements of

the title block are

presented


the title block are

presented


the title block are

presented



Landscape Design Concepts Evaluation

Multiple Choice:

1. Which is not a physical feature of a plant in relation to texture?

a. Bark

b. Branches

c. Foliage

d. Roots

2. What is simple leaf texture?

a. Coarse

b. Fine

c. Medium

d. Receding

3. How many dimensions does a plant form have?

a. One

b. Two

c. Three

d. Four

4. Which of the following give the longest lasting color in the plant environment?

a. Bark

b. Buds

c. Flowers

d. Foliage

5. What is not a principle of design?

a. Focal point

b. Proportion

c. Rhythm

d. Texture

6. What is a mirror image balanced called?

a. Asymmetrical

b. Linear

c. Off-balance

d. Symmetrical

7. What type of plant has strong, visual feature but is most effective when planted in groupings?

a. Accent plant

b. Mass plant

c. Single plant

d. Specimen plant

8. Why is a line planting used?

a. To block a view

b. To provide total privacy

c. To give no privacy

d. All of the above

9. Which is not true foundation planting?

a. It was used many years ago

b. It is not necessary today

c. It unites the house to the yard

d. It is not necessary to cover entire foundation area of the house.

landscape management: landscape design concepts notes...line plantings- line plantings of trees and...

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