landscape heritage sustainable development indicator assessment using geographical information...
DESCRIPTION
Study Area Location: County ClareTRANSCRIPT
Landscape Heritage Sustainable Development Indicator Assessment
using
Geographical Information Systems
in County ClareLianda d’Auria
Department of Geography, Planning and Environmental Policy University College Dublin,
Keywords• Sustainable Development
• Landscape Heritage - attributes and components
• Landscape Indicators
• Pressure-State-Response Framework
• Geographical Information Systems
• County Clare
•a HOLISTIC & INTEGRATED approach
County Clare, Western Ireland
Agenda
• 1 Goals and Objectives• 2 Methodology, Materials, Components & Tools
– 3 Developing PSR framework – 4 Landscape Heritage: Data Sources, Attributes & Components
– 5 Establishing Landscape Indicators– 6 Geographical Information Systems
• 7 Interaction with researchers and users of data• 8 Overall Targets• 9 Concluding Comments
Goals and Objectives• Overall Objectives
– Develop Indicators
• Data-gather, integrate
– PSR framework tool
• develop, integrate date
• evaluate and validate this framework tool
– Integrate GIS - develop, integrate raw data and results
– Disseminate knowledge, e.g.
• WWW
• CD
The Driving Forces, Pressures, State, Impacts and Responses (DPSIR) Framework (Eurostat, 2001)
ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS&
Performance measurement
UNDERLYING DATA SETS
• Results / achievements• Objectives
• Targets, commitments• Aims, goals
ENV. PERFORMANCE INDICATORS/INDICES
• Core and key indicators• Sectoral indicators
ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS
context
interpretation
MEASURING PERFORMANCEANALYSING POLICIES
EVALUATION TOOL
context
interpretationREPORTING TOOLMONITORING TOOL
MEASURING PROGRESS
link to
SEA Objectives
SEA Indicators
predictionbaseline monitoring
Link between Indicators and other Aspects of SEA (Therivel, 2004)
DPSIR Framework at work in Co. Clare: relationships between Human Activities and the Environment (OECD, EEA)
pressures
state
impacts
driving forces
responses
Indices
Indicators
Analysed Data
Primary Data
Hierarchical Information Pyramid (after Pieri et al. 1995)
Factors that contribute to the Landscape Physical Factors
Human Factors Aesthetic Factors Associations
Visual factors Geology Landform Drainage Soils Ecology Climate
Archaeology Landscape History Land use/management Buildings & Settlement
Other senses Sounds Smells Tastes Touch
Cultural Historical
VISUAL IMPACTS e.g. impacts on Views Viewers Visual Amenity
The Total Landscape
Archaeological Sites
Topography, geology & soils
Historic buildings
Historic land use Species & habitats
Archaeological landscapes
Historic clusters of buildings
Historic landscape features
Landscape archaeology
Landscape ecological concepts
Landscape elements & patterns
Historic landscape assessment
Landscape ecological assessment
Aesthetic landscape assessment
Landscape Assessment
An Integrated Landscape Assessment Overview (after Fry and Herlin, 1995)
Co. Clare Data Sources
Aerial Photos
O.S.I. Maps
Databases
Literature
Research\Fieldwork
Pers. Comm.
Ecology
The Heritage Service
+
others
Hydrology
Earth Science
GSI
Soils
Teagasc
Caves
Self
Archaeology
The Heritage Service
Finch
Maps
Architecture
Clare County Council
Attributes and their Components within County Clare
Data type Data Source(s) Format Potential Error Scale GIS Type
NATURALEarth Science Geoscientific Karst Sites GSI Site synopsis sheets &
Paper mapsMap co-ordinate calculationEdge mismatching
6” Polygon
Caves Self (1981)Boycott and Wilson, 1986Boycott et al., 1991 &Boycott et al., 1996
Book and Supplements Map co-ordinate calculationEdge mismatching
Various Point
Ecology PNHAs\SACs outlines The Heritage Service ArcInfo Export .e00 Polygon
SAC Habitat Maps The Heritage Service Paper based Edge mismatching 1:30,000 &1:10,560
Polygon
Forestry Coillte Teoranta Arc/Info Export .e00 Edge mismatching Polygon
CORINE (Ireland)(Land Cover Database)
NRDV, TCD Interpreted digital satellite imageryArc/Info Export .e00
Edge mismatching Polygon
CULTURALCultural Heritage Archaeology The Heritage Service ArcInfo Export (.e00)
Access 97 databaseSee Appendix E Point
Architecture The Heritage Service ArcInfo Export (.e00)Access 97 database
See Appendix E Point
AESTHETIC HERITAGEScenic Quality Viewpoints & Viewscapes Various Sources-
See Appendix FPaper based 1:50,000 Polygon
Questions to Address
• How are the information needs and strategies defined?
• What type of data and information is collected?
• Which Indicators?
• The implication of using the tool?
• How successful it has been and will be in practice?
• What research is needed for tool development?
• What other tool(s) it combines well with?
• Demand for Indicators of Environmental Sustainability
– There has been a need for indicators capturing the linkages between the environmental and the other two dimensions of sustainability
• Demand for a Composite Indicator
– Decision-makers as well as the general public would like to know at one glance what is the environmental situation in a given country
• a clear request for developing a single indicator that could serve as an overall measure of environmental sustainability
The OECD – 3 main functions
• Simplification– reduce no of components/measurements requires to give in-depth account of
condition/situation
• Quantification– To provide a synthetic account of a specific condition/situation that can be
analysed in further detail
• Communication– Convey message easy to interpretate
Expression of ‘the best knowledge available’– Policy relavant
– Analytical soundness &
– Measurability
Aims of GIS
• Tool for data integration
• an inventory for the storage of data in a spatially referenced digital format
• an analytical tool to allow the identification of critical areas by the overlaying of different variables
• a visualisation tool for potential management regimes
Interaction with Researchers and Users of Data
disseminate knowledge at various levels
seminar/colloquium/workshop
for Clare County Council & local interest parties• e.g. To provide recommendations to CCC as to how landscape heritage
management should be taken forward in the future
What it should deliver (outputs)
Who should be involved (contributors)
Opportunities (e.g. for collaborative working and joint research)
present papers at national and international conferences
publish papers
develop a website providing research information• i.e. a non-technical summary and a detailed report of findings
Overall Targets
1. Support the development of strategic, long-term environmental policies and to the decision making processes through the assistance to the implementation of this project within County Clare.
2. Improvement of the authenticity and actuality of the data and the capacities for delivering short/long-term environmental outlooks and reporting.
3. Visualisation of the data and trends.
4. Promote this research project framework tools/results to different user groups.
Further work
• Define set(s) of indicators?
• Continual collection/collation of data• Continue review of DPSIR use
– bottom-up & top-down approach
• Conclusion– Present challenges
• Gathering data– Different approaches to knowledge– Different merit systems
• ???– the best is probably yet to come??
Concluding Comments
Contributions from the floor
Lianda d’AuriaDepartment of Geography, Planning and Environmental Policy University College Dublin,Ireland.
Thank You