landscape design
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Landscape Design. Competencies 17.00-21.00. Landscaping Careers. What is Landscaping?. Landscaping is a profession that includes designing, installing, and maintaining the outdoor human environment. There are 3 branches of the landscaping industry Landscape Architecture - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Landscape DesignLandscape Design
Competencies 17.00-21.00Competencies 17.00-21.00
Landscaping CareersLandscaping Careers
What is Landscaping?What is Landscaping?Landscaping is a profession that includes Landscaping is a profession that includes
designing, installing, and maintainingdesigning, installing, and maintaining the the outdoor human environment.outdoor human environment.
There are 3 branches of the landscaping There are 3 branches of the landscaping industryindustryLandscape ArchitectureLandscape ArchitectureLandscape ContractorsLandscape ContractorsLandscape MaintenanceLandscape Maintenance
Landscape ArchitectsLandscape ArchitectsLicensed professionsLicensed professionsConceptualize and plan the outdoor Conceptualize and plan the outdoor
environment or landscape for residential environment or landscape for residential and commercial clients.and commercial clients.
Landscape designers usually do actual Landscape designers usually do actual drawings for residential landscapes.drawings for residential landscapes.
Landscape ContractorsLandscape ContractorsCarry out the installation or actual Carry out the installation or actual
construction of the landscape planconstruction of the landscape planOften use subcontractors to do special Often use subcontractors to do special
work such as pools, electrical work, work such as pools, electrical work, stonework, etc.stonework, etc.
Landscape MaintenanceLandscape Maintenance Extended care of Extended care of
existing landscapesexisting landscapes The care and upkeep The care and upkeep
of the landscape after of the landscape after installationinstallation
Design-build FirmsDesign-build FirmsLandscape businesses that handle Landscape businesses that handle
everything from the initial contact with the everything from the initial contact with the client through design and construction as client through design and construction as well as long-term care and maintenance.well as long-term care and maintenance.
Landscape Nursery WorkerLandscape Nursery Worker Professional who sells and installs landscape Professional who sells and installs landscape
plants and related materials.plants and related materials.
Types of Landscape PlansTypes of Landscape Plans
Types of Landscape PlansTypes of Landscape PlansThere are three types of plans used in There are three types of plans used in
landscapinglandscapingSequentialSequentialComputer AssistedComputer AssistedGraphicsGraphics
Landscape PlansLandscape Plans
Sequential PlansSequential PlansEach part of the plan is increasingly more Each part of the plan is increasingly more
specific and detailed.specific and detailed. IncludesIncludes
Functional diagramsFunctional diagramsPreliminary designsPreliminary designsFinal PlansFinal Plans
Sequential Plans-Functional Sequential Plans-Functional DiagramsDiagrams
Begin the arrangement of the client’s Begin the arrangement of the client’s program on the site.program on the site.
Called “bubble diagrams” because they Called “bubble diagrams” because they use loosely drawn freeform shapes to use loosely drawn freeform shapes to represent areas or spacesrepresent areas or spaces
Help the designer make decisions Help the designer make decisions concerning layout and sizes and the use of concerning layout and sizes and the use of each area.each area.
Sequential Plans-Preliminary Sequential Plans-Preliminary DesignsDesigns
Break the “bubbles” to show first draft vision of Break the “bubbles” to show first draft vision of how each landscape area will be shaped.how each landscape area will be shaped.
Landscape is given its form, type of materials to Landscape is given its form, type of materials to be used, and application of landscape design be used, and application of landscape design principles.principles.
Simple without real details, but the horizontal Simple without real details, but the horizontal and vertical relationships between objects and and vertical relationships between objects and areas are now included.areas are now included.
A number of these may be shown before final A number of these may be shown before final plans are made.plans are made.
Sequential Plans-Final PlansSequential Plans-Final PlansUse suggestions and reactions of the Use suggestions and reactions of the
client to make a master drawing that is client to make a master drawing that is graphically detailed and specific in its graphically detailed and specific in its intent for the landscape.intent for the landscape.
Include identified plants, paving patterns, Include identified plants, paving patterns, and other specific information.and other specific information.
Can also include construction drawings for Can also include construction drawings for the landscape contractor or subcontractorthe landscape contractor or subcontractor
Graphics are designed to impressGraphics are designed to impress
Computer AssistedComputer Assisted Also called drawing Also called drawing
boardboard CAD (Computer CAD (Computer
Aided Design) Aided Design) systems are systems are accelerated drafting accelerated drafting systems, designed to systems, designed to draw landscape plans draw landscape plans using a personal using a personal computer.computer.
GraphicsGraphicsConsists of letters and numbersConsists of letters and numbers
Free-hand letteringFree-hand letteringMechanical letteringMechanical letteringComputer letteringComputer lettering
Landscape Principles and Landscape Principles and ProceduresProcedures
Principles of DesignPrinciples of DesignBalanceBalanceFocalization of InterestFocalization of InterestSimplicitySimplicityRhythm and LineRhythm and LineProportionProportionUnityUnity
BalanceBalance Materials are distributed evenly on opposite Materials are distributed evenly on opposite
sides of a central axissides of a central axis Three types of balance:Three types of balance:
SymmetricSymmetric AsymmetricAsymmetric Proximal/distalProximal/distal
Macro-range-the viewer sees the landscape Macro-range-the viewer sees the landscape from the most distant vantage pointfrom the most distant vantage point
Closer range-the views from other locations not Closer range-the views from other locations not as distantas distant
Symmetric BalanceSymmetric Balance One side is a One side is a
reflective mirror reflective mirror image of the opposite image of the opposite sideside
Most formal type of Most formal type of balancebalance
Asymmetric BalanceAsymmetric BalanceEach side has as much interest as the Each side has as much interest as the
otherotherNot a duplicate of the other sideNot a duplicate of the other side
Proximal/Distal BalanceProximal/Distal BalanceBalances right and left as well as near and Balances right and left as well as near and
farfar
Focalization of InterestFocalization of InterestSelects and positions visually strong items Selects and positions visually strong items
in the landscape composition to create in the landscape composition to create focal pointsfocal points
Draws the eye of the viewer to one major Draws the eye of the viewer to one major feature in each use areafeature in each use areaExample: corner plantingExample: corner planting
SimplicitySimplicitySeeks to make viewers comfortable within Seeks to make viewers comfortable within
the landscapethe landscapeExcludes any unnecessary changes in Excludes any unnecessary changes in
shape, color, direction, etc.shape, color, direction, etc.
Rhythm and LineRhythm and LineRepeating something at a standard Repeating something at a standard
interval or pattern creates rhythminterval or pattern creates rhythmLines establish the shape and form of the Lines establish the shape and form of the
landscapelandscapeReplicating strong existing lines such as Replicating strong existing lines such as
the lines of a house or a poolthe lines of a house or a poolFunctions of line plantings include Functions of line plantings include
foundation plantings, block a view, frame a foundation plantings, block a view, frame a view, and provide privacy.view, and provide privacy.
ProportionProportion The size relationships The size relationships
between all the between all the features of the features of the landscape including landscape including vertical, horizontal, vertical, horizontal, and spatial and spatial relationshipsrelationships
ProportionProportion Will maintain proper Will maintain proper
proportional proportional relationships in a relationships in a landscape betweenlandscape between Buildings and peopleBuildings and people Buildings and plantsBuildings and plants Plants and peoplePlants and people Plants and plantsPlants and plants Masses and soilsMasses and soils
UnityUnityAll the separate parts contribute to the All the separate parts contribute to the
creation of the total designcreation of the total designTies together individual parts of each area Ties together individual parts of each area
by:by:Repeating prominent colorsRepeating prominent colorsRepeating construction materialsRepeating construction materialsContinuing interior design themes to outdoor Continuing interior design themes to outdoor
roomsroomsRepeat plant speciesRepeat plant speciesRaise patios, decks, and porches to door levelRaise patios, decks, and porches to door level
Landscape ProcessesLandscape ProcessesProcess is a sequence of steps to reach a Process is a sequence of steps to reach a
goalgoalThere are three parts to the landscape There are three parts to the landscape
processprocessProject developmentProject developmentProject maintenanceProject maintenanceDesignDesign
Project Development ProcessProject Development Process Includes determining need or objectiveIncludes determining need or objectiveDesign processDesign processAccepting the designAccepting the designContracting and subcontractingContracting and subcontractingLandscapingLandscapingAcceptanceAcceptanceBilling and paymentBilling and payment
Project Maintenance ProcessProject Maintenance ProcessDetermining need or desireDetermining need or desireSelecting landscape maintenance Selecting landscape maintenance
company which assesses the needs and company which assesses the needs and presents a proposalpresents a proposal
If the proposal is accepted, the company If the proposal is accepted, the company schedules and does the workschedules and does the work
Customer is billedCustomer is billed
Design ProcessDesign ProcessSite analysis and program analysisSite analysis and program analysis
Interior LandscapingInterior Landscaping
Interior LandscapingInterior Landscaping Called interior plantscaping or interiorscapingCalled interior plantscaping or interiorscaping
Purposes of Interior LandscapingPurposes of Interior Landscaping
Add colorAdd color Add texturesAdd textures Add softnessAdd softness Add lifeAdd life Increase employee Increase employee
productivityproductivity Decrease employee Decrease employee
absenteeismabsenteeism Add oxygenAdd oxygen
Provide herbs for Provide herbs for cooking, medicine, or cooking, medicine, or fragrance fragrance
Add beauty and Add beauty and comfort by combining comfort by combining all of the previously all of the previously mentioned purposesmentioned purposes
Benefits of Interior LandscapingBenefits of Interior LandscapingAdds color, texture, softness, life and Adds color, texture, softness, life and
oxygen to interior plantscapeoxygen to interior plantscape Increases employee productivityIncreases employee productivityDecreases employee absences from workDecreases employee absences from workProvides herbs for cooking, fragrance, or Provides herbs for cooking, fragrance, or
medicinemedicine
Disadvantages of Interior Disadvantages of Interior LandscapingLandscaping
Reduced lightReduced lightReduced root systemReduced root systemDependant upon people for wateringDependant upon people for wateringBuild-up of soluble salts from fertilizerBuild-up of soluble salts from fertilizerPlugging stomata from dust on leavesPlugging stomata from dust on leavesDamage from heating, air conditioning, Damage from heating, air conditioning,
and cleaning chemicalsand cleaning chemicals
Growing mediumGrowing mediumOnly plants that will grow inside can be Only plants that will grow inside can be
usedusedPicking or breaking leaves by people using Picking or breaking leaves by people using
the interior building areathe interior building area
Disadvantages of Interior Disadvantages of Interior LandscapingLandscaping
Benefits of Exterior LandscapingBenefits of Exterior Landscaping
Adds color, texture, and lifeAdds color, texture, and life Adds aesthetic value (beauty)Adds aesthetic value (beauty) Adds economic value to propertyAdds economic value to property Adds comfort (shade)Adds comfort (shade) Adds privacy—borders, fences, etc.Adds privacy—borders, fences, etc. Helps prevent erosionHelps prevent erosion Can use larger exterior plantsCan use larger exterior plants Rain natural soil provide most of required waterRain natural soil provide most of required water Gets natural lightGets natural light
Disadvantages of Exterior Disadvantages of Exterior LandscapingLandscaping
May get too much rain and drownMay get too much rain and drownNatural soils may have diseases, insects, Natural soils may have diseases, insects,
improper pH, etc.improper pH, etc.Natural soils may be shallow or rockyNatural soils may be shallow or rockyNatural outdoor soils may be subject to Natural outdoor soils may be subject to
erosionerosionWeed and insect control is more difficultWeed and insect control is more difficultLarge areas of landscaping costs moreLarge areas of landscaping costs moreMore labor is required to establish outdoor More labor is required to establish outdoor
landscapelandscape
Methods of Planting Ornamental Methods of Planting Ornamental PlantsPlants
Planting Ornamental PlantsPlanting Ornamental Plants Tools vary depending Tools vary depending
upon type and size of upon type and size of plants from bulb plants from bulb planter, trowel, spade, planter, trowel, spade, shovel to power shovel to power augers and front end augers and front end loaders.loaders.
Planting Ornamental PlantsPlanting Ornamental PlantsHole should be larger than plant roots and Hole should be larger than plant roots and
soil prepared so that new roots will grow in soil prepared so that new roots will grow in it.it.
Methods of installation are determined by Methods of installation are determined by root form whether bare-rooted, balled-and-root form whether bare-rooted, balled-and-burlapped or containerizedburlapped or containerized
Balled and Burlapped PlantsBalled and Burlapped PlantsBalled and burlapped plants have a round Balled and burlapped plants have a round
soil ball of roots wrapped in burlap fabric.soil ball of roots wrapped in burlap fabric.Planted in flat-bottomed, straight-sided Planted in flat-bottomed, straight-sided
hole that is deeper and wider than the ball.hole that is deeper and wider than the ball.Backfill soil should fill the hole enough to Backfill soil should fill the hole enough to
raise the plant to the level at which it grew raise the plant to the level at which it grew in the nursery.in the nursery.
Loose burlap around top of plant.Loose burlap around top of plant.Mounded ring of soil around plant to catch Mounded ring of soil around plant to catch
water.water.
Balled and Burlapped PlantsBalled and Burlapped Plants
Containerized PlantsContainerized PlantsUse the same type hold, mounded ring, Use the same type hold, mounded ring,
etc. as balled and burlapped.etc. as balled and burlapped. In addition, the plant must be removed In addition, the plant must be removed
from the containerfrom the containerRoots should be unwound or cut at two Roots should be unwound or cut at two
inch intervals if pot-boundinch intervals if pot-bound
Bare-rooted PlantsBare-rooted Plants Have to have a Have to have a
mound or dome in the mound or dome in the bottom of the hole to bottom of the hole to spread roots and spread roots and direct roots to grow direct roots to grow downward.downward.
Planting Ornamental PlantsPlanting Ornamental PlantsTall plants, even small trees, need to be Tall plants, even small trees, need to be
staked to prevent blowing over.staked to prevent blowing over.Mulching should be done to help retain Mulching should be done to help retain
water, prevent weeds, improve water, prevent weeds, improve appearance, and minimize temperature appearance, and minimize temperature fluctuations.fluctuations.
Water adequately and frequently enough Water adequately and frequently enough for healthy plants.for healthy plants.
Handling Ornamental PlantsHandling Ornamental PlantsBalled and burlapped plants should be Balled and burlapped plants should be
handled by the root ballhandled by the root ballContainer grown plants should be handled Container grown plants should be handled
by the container until removed and then by by the container until removed and then by the root massthe root mass