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1 Contents

Land Governance Indicators Database - DRAFT

Prepared for the Global Land Tools Network

Author: Tim Bending

Auust !"# !$%& [Insert logos? Whose?]

'ontents

This publication contains the following sheets:

% 'ontents - Notes are included at the bottom of this sheet

! 'ateorical Fra(ework - Proides information on how indicators hae been categori!ed b" topic#

& Data sources -

-

- $eleance to different monitoring conte%ts is commented#

) *ther fra(eworks -

-

- $eleance to different monitoring conte%ts is commented#

+ Indicators anal,sis -

-

Indicators (ain table - &ists all indicators b" topic#

. L/0/ surve,s -

1 2'A !$%$ -

'escribes s"stems and initiaties that produce primar" data on landgoernance issues ( one source of the indicators catalogued in thispublication#

Information is gien on coerage and regularit" of collection) focus)methodolog") and the abbreiation used in the tables#

'escribes published ealuation framewor*s which ma" not hae been usedfor primar" data collection) and indicator proposals made in relation to thepost(+,-. deelopment agenda ( the other source of the indicatorscatalogued in this publication#

Information is gien on piloting) focus) methodolog") web(aailable reference)and the abbreiation used in the tables#

/or each indicator topic) indicators in the main table are listed b"abbreiation#

0omments discuss the releance of the topics to different monitoringconte%ts) highlight possible *e" indicators and discuss methodologicalissues#

1hows the distribution on different topics in &iing 1tandards 2easurement1tud" sure"s published since -33.#

1hows the distribution of different topics in a sample of -, World 0ensus of Agriculture +,-, round censuses4sure"s#



1 Contents

Notes

-

-

-

Whilst an effort has been made to proide comprehensie coerage ofreleant initiaties and proposals) no guarantee can be made that all releant

data collection initiaties and indicator proposals are represented# Thispublication ma" be reised in the future to ta*e account of changes and newinformation#

This publication assumes a er" broad definition of 5indicator6 in order toencompass usage across a wide range of initiaties# 2an" ma"be properl"regarded as data items or ariables# In some cases) ealuation 7uestionshae been listed alongside indicators#

Whilst an effort has been made to be comprehensie) some indicators fromsome initiaties hae been left out where the" appeared to be be"ond thescope of this publication#



2 Categorical framework

Land overnance indicators database 3 DRAFT

'ateori4ation of land overnance indicators

Di(ension %5 Inputs to i(pacts

Indicators can be categori!ed according to the phase of the polic" or pro8ect process that the" assess:

Inputs 9 Processes 9 utputs 9 utcomes 9 Impacts

These phases are illustrated in Table -#

Table %5 Illustratin the polic, phase concept

The tables of indicators in this document use a s"stem of categori!ation that is based on standard ealuationconcepts and that has been deeloped with particular reference to the /A ;oluntar" <uidelines on the$esponsible <oernance of Tenure of &and) /isheries and /orests =;<<T> and the /ramewor* and<uidelines on &and Polic" in Africa# It is designed to help sta*eholders select appropriate indicators fordifferent monitoring conte%ts) and to identif" where there are gaps in coerage#




Di(ension !5 Different land overnance processes

Fiure %5 Land overnance 3 phases and processes

Different phases of the polic, process re6uire different data collection (ethodoloies ( &egal andpolic" input indicators ma" 8ust re7uire des*(based anal"sis of documents# e" tools for assessing polic"implementation characteristics and outputs include administratie data) sure"s of e%pert opinion) sure"s ofusers) and participator" ealuation and action research# &arge sample sure"s can be releant for someoutputs such as possession of tenure documentation# utcomes and impacts) b" contrast) can usuall" onl"be assessed though methods that gather information from affected people: censuses) household sure"s and

small sure"s) crowd(sourcing and action(research#

Different (onitorin conte7ts re6uire a focus on different polic, phases ( Inputs and outputs =in so faras administratie data can be used> ma" thus be relatiel" eas" to assess# Assessing outcomes can be moree%pensie# But for a national polic" ealuation process it can be essential to assess outcomes to determine ifpolic" itself is appropriate# /or global conte%ts such as the 2'<s) it can be essential to assess whether polic"goals =outcomes) impacts> are being achieed# @oweer) it is also essential for national polic" processes tomonitor whether polic" is being implemented as intended) b" assessing implementation processcharacteristics and outputs#

The land goernance process inoles different goernance serices and programmes# It can also be seen asincluding actiities of communit"(leel institutions such as customar" institutions) and also household(leeldecision(ma*ing =something that is er" important from a gender perspectie># 'ifferent indicators are oftenappropriate to different elements of land goernance# /igure - illustrates the concept of different landgoernance processes) drawing closel" from the ;<<T on categories of goernment serices and transfers#The list of main indicator topics is gien in Table + below#




Di(ension &5 Different para(eters for evaluatin land overnance 3

characteristics and outputs

Process characteristics 3 There are a wide range of parameters that can be used to describe how landpolic" is being implemented) of what an" land goernance process is li*e# In relation to polic" implementation)man" *e" characteristics can be summari!ed in terms of constraints faced b" users or b" those charged withimplementation# These include:

- 'ost constraints fees =formal and informal>) legal and sure" costs) time) trael) budget re7uirements#

- Procedural and cultural barriers re7uired eidence of tenure) procedures for 8oint registration) culturalacceptance of women as tenure holders#

- 'apacit, constraints re7uirements in terms of literac") language) understanding of rights and procedures#

- Infor(ation constraints accessibilit" of goernment records) notification of changes) information foreffectie participation#

- Accountabilit, influence of ested interests) means of complaint and redress) participation in decision(ma*ing#




Indicator topics# relationship to 8GGT and F9G

Table !5 0ain indicator topics# relationship to 8GGT and F9G

;er" man" indicators also address whether best practice in different conte%ts is followed in order to counterthese constraints# /or e%ample: Is a clear schedule of fees for different serices publicl" accessible =&<A/-3i>? Is legal aid proided to potential eictees =&I/I #+>?

Process outputs 3 e" outputs include tenure records created) tenure documents conferred) planningdecisions made and enforced) building permits issued) disputes resoled) large(scale leasehold contractsnegotiated and enforced) land consolidated) read8usted) restituted or redistributed) land e%propriated)compensation paid and households resettled# In ealuating these outputs there are a number of *e" cross(cutting considerations:

- 'overae b" land area) b" population) and thereof b" gender) ethnicit") income group) etc##

- :ias in ad8udication) planning decisions and land allocation) b" gender) ethnicit") income group) etc##

- Accurac, of tenure records) maps) aluations#

- Ade6uac, of compensation) of land restituted or distributed) of spatial deelopment plans

In this publication) indicators hae been categori!ed first b" polic" phase) then b" main indicator topic# Cnderinputs) outcomes and impacts) main topics and sub(topics hae been selected based on the focus of theindicators catalogued# Potential topics and sub(topics not found to be represented b" an" indicators haebeen e%cluded# Cnder processes) main topics hae been selected based on 0hapters -+ to +- of the ;<<T)with reference also to &<A/ thematic areas# Process sub(topics hae then been selected based on the focusof the indicators catalogued# 2an" process characteristic and output parameters are represented under theseprocess subtopics# @oweer) potential sub(topics hae onl" been included where the" are represented b"indicators#

Table + lists the main indicator topics used# Indicatie references from important corresponding parts of the;<<T and /D< are also gien#



3 Data sources


Data /ources 3 Initiatives that produce pri(ar, land overnanc

*rani4ation Initiative Abbr; used Data coverae Reularit, /hort description

'ensuses

National statistics Population and ho P@(0ensus +,,E countries =+ -, "ears Fnumeration of entir

/A4National statiWorld 0ensus of AW0A -G, countries =+, -, "ears Fnumeration4sampli

National-level sa(ple surve,s

World Ban* &iing 1tandards 2&121 +3 countries =-33 No common scheNational household

CNI0F/ 2ultiple Indicator 2I01 .+ countries =2I0 "ears =pre# .> National household

C1AI' 'emographic and '@1 G countries ='@ . "ears =now ?> National household

National statistics National household and agriculturNot determined n4a National household

CN(@ABITAT Crban Ini7uities 1uCI1 Piloted in seeral n4a 0it"(wide household

&andesa) $enmin -H proince 0hina &andesa 01 -H proinces of 0 +(G "ears An independent hou

Global surve,s

World Ban*4I/0 'oing Business 'B -. countries Annual <lobal e%pert sure"

Transparenc" Inte<lobal 0orruption <0B -,H countries =+, Annual or biannu <lobal opinion sure

WF/ F%ecutie pinion F1 <lobal Annual Business opinion su

'rowd-sourcin initiatives

0'F) 0I$A') <I &and 2atri% &and 2atri% <lobal n4a An initiatie to gath

World Ban* &and <oernance &<A/ -H completed) - No regular sched A framewor* for nati

F0' 1ocial Institutions 1I<I -,,E countries "ears =+,,3) +,/ramewor* for the aCN @ABITAT4<&T&egal and Instituti &I/I Piloted in seeral No fi%ed schedul An 7ualitatie ealu

I/A' Performance(BasePBA1 <lobal Annual An e%pert ealuation

World Ban* 0ountr" Polic" Inst 0PIA <lobal Annual A scoring s"stem us

@abitat for @uma <lobal @ousing Ind<@I $esults published No fi%ed schedul A detailed indicator f

0IPF4I$P/ International PropeIP21 $esults published No fi%ed schedul A rapid e%pert asses

0FPII Institutional Profil IP' -G countries "ears Wide(ranging goer

Bertelsmann 1tift Bertelsmann TransBTI -+ countries + "ears Wide(ranging goer

Fconomist Intellig 'emocrac" Inde% FIC <lobal Annual Wide(ranging goer

@eritage /oundatiInde% of Fconomic IF/ <lobal Annual A goernance inde%

Pro<ect (onitorin fra(eworks

200 0ommon Indicator 200 220 pro8ects Pro8ect limited @armoni!ed indicatoWorld Ban* 0ore 1ector Indica01I Word Ban* land aPro8ect limited @armoni!ed indicato

I/A' $esults and Impac $I21 <lobal =I/A' pro Annual A s"stem of standar

<&TN <ender Faluation <F0 1ub(national use iNo fi%ed schedul 2ulti(sta*eholder e

=7pert assess(ent fra(eworks =ma" also include use of secondar" data and *e" informant interiews>

Participator, assess(ent fra(eworks =ma" also include use of secondar" data and *e" informant interie



3 Data sources

data

Focus 0ethodolo, 'o((ents Reference

Basic demographTraditionall" the Population census http:44unstats#un#org4unsd4pubs4gesgrid#asp?

Basic indicators oIn the +,-, round 0ore topics promo http:44www#fao#org4economic4ess4ess(wca4en

@ousehold incom ;er" detailed repr 'ata on tenure sta http:44econ#worldban*#org4WB1ITF4FLTF$N

'emographic) ed A large scale repr A highl" reliable d http:44www#childinfo#org4mics#html

'emographic) ed A large scale repr A highl" reliable d http:44www#measuredhs#com4What(We('o41

ften closel" co ften closel" comNational household or agriculture sure"s are also implemented

Includes 7uestion@ousehold sure"#Piloting has demo 1ee Ba!ogu et al# +,--) 2onitoring 1ecurit"

&and goernance This household suThis impressie suhttp:44www#landesa#org4our(research(countri

The registering prA limited sure" ofThe methodolog" http:44www#doingbusiness#org4

0orruption in diffe<lobal opinion4perIncludes one indic http:44www#transparenc"#org4research4gcb4

ne indicator on pinion sure" of The sure" 7uestiohttps:44wefsure"#org4inde%#php?sidJ+++Di

&arge(scale land The initiatie ino The &and 2atri% aihttp:44www#landmatri%#org4K http:44www#tandfo

The primar" focu F%pert assessme &<A/ has proen http:44go#worldban*#org4T'$3/'0H2,

Includes indicatorF%pert legal assesA source of data ofhttp:44genderinde%#org4&egal and institut F%pert legal anal" &I/I builds to a gr 1ee Ba!ogu et al# +,--) 2onitoring 1ecurit"

ne section of seF%pert assessme The PBA1 is cost( http:44www#ifad#org4operations4pbas4K http:44w

&and goernance Qualitatie assess'ifferent aspects ohttp:44www#worldban*#org4ida4I$AI(+,--#html

'etailed indicator &egal4polic" anal" The framewor* is http:44globalhousingindicators#org4en

ne section on prA mi%ture of refere$eleant chiefl" to http:44worldciti!enconsulting#net4images41cor

ne indicator on F%pert assessme @ard to ealuate t http:44www#cepii#fr4institutions4FN4ipd#asp

ne indicator on F%pert assessme The indicator is ha http:44www#bti(pro8ect#org4inde%4methode4

ne indicator on 1coring b" countr @ard to interpret b http:44www#economist#com4media4pdf4'F2

ne indicator on 1coring based on @ard to interpret b http:44www#heritage#org4inde%4propert"(rights

The land compon Pro8ect 2DF) adm1trong oerlap wit http:44www#mcc#go4documents4guidance4gui0ost of tenure re Pro8ect 2DF) adm1trong oerlap with 200 0ommon Indicators#

ne indicator on tIndicators are e The indicator on tehttp:44www#ifad#org4operations4rims4

<ender sensitiit" A rapid ealuation An e%ample of a tohttp:44www#gltn#net4inde%#php4resources4publi

ws>



3 Data sources

idJ

4K http:44www#fao#org4economic4the(statistics(diision(ess4world(census(of(agriculture4world(programme(f

A&4FLT'F04FLT$F1FA$0@4FLT&1214,))menuP:.3,.MpageP:G-G+HMpiP:G-G.Mthe

ure"(T"pes4'@1#cfmK http:44www#measuredhs#com4publications4publication(cr(comparatie(reports#cf

b" national statistics agencies be"ond the scope of programs such as &121) '@1 and 2I01) although

of Tenure in 0ities: People) &and and Policies) CN(@ABITAT) http:44www#unhabitat#org4pmss4listItem'etai

s(and(regions4china4K http:44www#landesa#org4wp(content4uploads4+,--4,-4+,,HO,-ONC(-HPro1ure"

introJ,

nline#com4doi4pdf4-,#-,,4,,-.,#+,-#,,H-

of Tenure in 0ities: People) &and and Policies) CN(@ABITAT) http:44www#unhabitat#org4pmss4listItem'etai

ww#gaportal#org4resources4detail4ifad(land(tenure(indicatorsK http:44www#ifad#org4eents4legal4doc4scoring

ecardO2ethodolog"O0hapterO-#pdfK http:44www#irpf#org4resource4score(card(reports+

0$A0OIN'FLO+,,HO#pdf

dance(+,-+,,--,3,-(common(indicators#pdf

ications4publications(list4finish4(gltn(documents4-(gender(ealuation(criteria(for(large(scale(land(tools(



3 Data sources

r(the(census(of(agriculture(+,-,4en4

1iteP:.33H),,#htmlK http:44web#worldban*#org4WB1ITF4FLTF$NA&4FLT'F04FLT$F1FA$0@4FL

the" ma" be implemented with the support of actors such as the World Ban*) CNI0F/ and C1AI'# The

ils#asp%?publicationI'J++

#pdf

ils#asp%?publicationI'J++

#pdf

rief(eng(+,-+



3 Data sources

&1214FLT1C$A<$I4,))menuP:HG+,+MpageP:G-G+HMpiP:G-G.Mthe1iteP:HG+,+-),,

coerage of land issues b" these sure"s has not been determined here# @oweer) some can be seen a



3 Data sources

#html

s closel" comparable to &121 sure"s =e#g# en"a Integrated @ousehold Budget 1ure" +,,G4. and the



3 Data sources

Cganda National @ousehold 1ure" +,,.4,>) while others are closel" related to or based on '@142I0



3 Data sources

1 sure"s =e#g# the Botswana 0ore Welfare Indicators 1ure"># 1eparate agricultural and labour force su



3 Data sources

re"s ma" closel" relate to components of &121 sure"s# The coerage of &121(t"pe and '@142I01(t



3 Data sources

"pe sure"s can thus be assumed to be better than that of sure"s that strictl" belong to the &121) '@



3 Data sources

and 2I01 programmes# 0ore nutrition indicators are based on about one third each of '@1) 2I01 and



3 Data sources

other national sure"s# 0oerage for all agricultural sure"s is li*el" to be much more patch"#



4 Oter frameworks


Published indicator or evaluation fra(eworks and indicator

Included are indicator and other ealuation framewor*s that hae not been significantl" used to collect

*rani4ation Initiative Abbr; used Piloted> /hort description Focus

Indicator?evaluation 6uestion fra(eworks

CN @ABITAT Crban IndicatoCI Tenure securit" Indicators deised Includes indicators

I&0 members &and Watch A &WA Piloted in H counA framewor* for asTenure(related conf

<0I/ <lobal 0it" Ind<0I/ Initiatie that allo Includes shelter ind

&andesa &andesa Pract&andesa P< 'etailed framewor &and propert" right

/A <oerning lan T<< A guide to support <ender e7uit" aspe

Indicator proposalsCN @ABITAT4<& Proposed s"st <&TN+,-- &argel" piloted t +,-- proposal for /ie core tenure se

World Ban* Indicators sug WB prop# Indicators propose &and goernance o

CN Women 5A transformat CN Women Proposal on a goal Two indicators focu

Namati Rustice +,-. Namati Proposal on legal Access to 8ustice) ri



4 Oter frameworks

proposals

primar" data) and proposals relating to post(+,-.

0ethodolo, 'o((ents Reference

The suggested meThe tenure securit" http:44www#unhabitat#org4downloads4docs4CrbanOIndicators#pdf

The indicators ha The &and Watch Ashttp:44www#landcoalition#org4publications4cso(land(reform(monitoring(asia

'raws on seconda2ore information o http:44www#cit"indicators#org4'efault#asp%

&egal anal"sis) alt Practical <uides + http:44www#landesa#libguides#com4

The guide suggest This is the first in http:44www#fao#org4docrep4,-H4i--Ge4i--Ge#pdf

/or household le The proposal includ1ee Ba!ogu et al# +,--) 2onitoring 1ecurit" of Tenure in 0ities: People) &

All the indicators &<A/ coordinators hae suggested indicators that all happen to be output indicators# The"

None discussed) b Indicators on dwelli http:44www#unwomen#org4en4news4stories4+,-44un(women(launches(glo

The suggested meThe perception sur http:44www#namati#org4consultations4K http:44www#namati#org4wp(content4u



4 Oter frameworks

and and Policies) CN(@ABITAT) http:44www#unhabitat#org4pmss4listItem'etails#asp%?publicationI'J+

hae a strong oerlap to &<A/ concerns but are not specificall" &<A/ indicators =or are not phrased in

bal(call(for(a(transformatie(agenda(to(ma*e(gender(e7ualit"(a(realit"4

loads4+,-4,4Rustice(+,-.(Anne%(I#pdf



4 Oter frameworks

the same wa"# At the moment) the rationale gien for these indicators and coordinators assessment of



4 Oter frameworks

national(leel data aailabilit" has not been reiewed#



5 !n"icators anal#sis


/u((ar, and anal,sis of indicators b, sub-topi

Phase 0ain topic /ub-topic

Inputs

&<A/ ii) i# <F0 (G#

&<A/ -) +# PBA1 F#

&andesa P<) P<+#

$esources

Institutions &<A/ .i(ii) -+iii#

Processes

Indicator?6uestionsources

Polic" deelopmentprocess

Participation in landpolic" deelopment

&<A/ i# &I/I -# <F0 +#T<<#

2onitoring of polic"implementation

&egal and polic"framewor*s

&egal protection ofall legitimate landrights and uses

&<A/ -i(i) &1&A-,# CI-#G =+)>) -#. =-(+># &I/I+) #-) G#-(+) .#G) #H-#PBA1 A# <@I P-#G#

Namati# &andesa P<#<F0 --(-+# I&0

'iscrimination inpropert" rights=general>

CI -#G#.) -#.## &I/I .#-(+) .#G# PBA1 B# 1I<I#<@I P-#-) -#) -#.#&andesa P<# <F0 #T<<#

'iscrimination inpropert" rights=inheritance>

CI -#G## &I/I .## 1I<I#&andesa P<+# T<<#

1tatutor" regulationof common ancustomar" properties

'iscrimination innon(statutor"laws4rules

Ade7uac" of budgetallocation

&<A/ iii) -+i) -iii#<F0 .#

0larit" of institutionalmandates

$ecording tenurerights

0osts of tenureregistration

&<A/ iii() -i# WB01IG# 'B $egisteringpropert"# IP21 -#+##&I/I #.# <@I $.#-(+#200 &(H(# &121#

ther barriers totenure registration

&<A/ i) (i# <@I P+#-)#-) #G# &andesa P<)P<+#




&and aluation &<A/ -,i(ii

&and ta%ation &<A/ Hiii) --i(i# &121

1patial planning &<A/ Hi(ii#

&<A/ 3i(ii# <@I $.#(.#

&<A/ Gi(ii# <@I P##

'ispute resolution

Qualit" of tenurerecords

&<A/ .i) -i(iii) -Hi#IP21 -#+# &I/I #-#<&TN+,-- 0it"-#

Accessibilit" oftenure records

&<A/ .i) - i(i) &1&A#IP21 -#+#-) -#+##

Transparenc"4corruption of tenureadministration

&<A/ i) -Hi) -3i(ii# &I/I## <0B#

Institutional capacit"and efficienc"

&<A/ -ii# &I/I #+(G#200 &(+#

$ecorded tenurerights b" land area4Sproperties

&<A/ +i(iii) &1&A-# WB01I+(# PBA1 0# <@IP+#+(# 200 &(.#

$ecorded tenurerights b" population=gender>

&<A/ +i) WB 01I-# CI1+(-,# <&TN+,-- @@-)e%t+#-# <0I/# $I21# <@I#+b# 200 &(# &andesa01# &WA# &121#

Accurac" andaccessibilit" ofaluation records

1cope) consistenc"and efficienc" ofta%ation

Public participation

in spatial planningF%tent4Appropriateness of land useregulations

&<A/ Gi(ii) IP21 -#-#)-##-# <@I $.##

0osts of planningpermissions

Fnforcement of landuse decisions4regulations

0larit"4non(oerlapof responsibilities

&<A/ +,ii(iii# &andesaP<#

Accessibilit" ofdispute resolution &<A/ +,i(ii) i# &andesaP<# T<<#

<ender sensitiit"=e%cluding generalaccess issues>

&andesa P<# <F0 -,#T<<#

Ffficienc" of disputeresolution

&<A/ +- ii(iii# 200 &(G#&WA# &121# T<<#




&<A/ -+i

&<A/ -+ii) (i#

&<A/ &1&A -G#

&<A/ &1&A --#

&<A/ -.i) iii) &1&A G(3#

&<A/ -.ii) &1&A -+(-#

&andesa P<

&andesa 01# &121#

&<A/ +i) -Gii#

WB prop .

'ispute resolution

Public landmanagement andmanagement of&1&A

Appropriateness ofpublic landdesignations

Accessibilit" ofinformation on pubic

lands

Assessment ofpotential impacts ofpublic landdisposal4&1&A

Ffficienc" of publicland disposal4&1&Adecisions

Transparenc" ofpublic landdisposal4&1&A

2onitoring and

contractenforcement of&1&A

&and reforms=$ead8ustment)restitution)redistribution>

Fligibilit" and rightsof beneficiaries

$ead8ustmentoutputs

F%propriation andeiction

Treatment ofaffected land users)b" tenure status

Proision ofcompensation andother procedures

&<A/ -Gi) iii# CI -#.##<@I PG#-(b) d# &andesa01# &121#

Proision of meansof redress

&<A/ -Gi(# CI -#.#)-#.#.# &I/I #+) #H#+#<&TN+,-- 0it"+#&andesa 01#

F%tent ofe%propriation

Rustifiabilit" ofe%propriation)eiction

&<A/ -i(ii# Namati#&andesa 01#

0ommunit"4indigenous tenureadministration

Allocation andtransfers

&andesa P<) P<+#T<<#

&<A/ +,ii# &andesaP<) P<+#




&andesa P<+# &121#

<ender(related

*utco(es Tenure securit"

Perceptions of rights

Namati

Access to land

Transfers <@I P-#+# &121#

2ar*et functionalit" PBA1 '# &andesa 01#

2atri%

@ousehold decision(ma*ing

@ousehold decision(ma*ing

0ross(cuttingcharacteristics

<F0 (H) 3) -(-G) -H)-3(+,) ++# T<<#

Prealence4seerit"of disputes4 eictions

&<A/ +-i) &1&A+# CI -#H#CI1 --# <&TN+,--e%t-#-# <@I PG#-) .#+#&andesa 01# &WA#&121#

Perceptions oftenure securit"

CI1 -+#<&TN+,-- @@+)e%t-## Namati#&andesa 01# &121#

@istor" ofpossession

<&TN+,--e%t +#+) #&121#

<&TN+,--e%t G#-(G#

&andesa 01# &121#

Perceptions ofaccountabilit"

Accountabilit" oflocal land decision(ma*ing

Access to land=agricultural>

Namati# &WA# 2I01@0--(-+# '@1 --3(+,#&121# P@(0ensus#W0A#

Access to land=housing>

<0I/# 2I01 @0-,# CI1-# &121# P@(0ensus#

&and ownership b"gender

<@I P-#+# CN Women#&121# P@(0ensus#W0A#

$ates of inheritanceb" gender

F%tent and nature of&1&A




&and use

I(pacts Inestment &andesa 01# &121#

@nclassified Cnclassified Cnclassified

0onformit" of landuse with decisions4regulations

&<A/ Hi) i(# CI -##<&TN+,-- 1ett(0om#<@I P##

Inestments madeb" farmers

IF/# FIC .# BTI 3#-# IP' A,,# F1 -#,-# P@(0ensus# W0A# <F0 -) G#




Topic overview Definitional issues Data collection (ethodolo,

F%pert legal anal"sis#

F%pert assessment#

Participation in land polic"deelopment) including legaldraftin and the deelo ment of

A *e" problem is assessing to whate%tent participation is reall"meanin ful# In rinci le this can be

$ecords of participants) e%pert andparticipator" assessment# Themeanin fulness and re resentatiit

5Trac*ing6 is a *e" focus of the/D<) but is relatiel" oerloo*ed b"

As with an" part of the polic"deelopment process) a great

F%pert and participator"assessment) drawing on 2DF data)

These indicators are concernedwith the recognition of the rights ofland users =not to be arbitraril"eicted) to compensation) etc#>)

and to whether these rights e%tendto all 5legitimate6 users) including

There are two main definitionalissues: what counts as5recognition6) and which tenurerights are 5legitimate and re7uire

protection# 5&egal recognition6 isgenerall" undefined =i#e# &<A/i(i

All of these indicators can inprinciple be anal"!ed using e%pertlegal anal"sis) drawing on publishedlaws and polic" documents# This is

the approach used b" &<A/ i(i andii and b" &I/I# 'ata is currentl"

Whether the land propert" rightsafforded b" national law are thesame for all natural persons#<ender is the oerwhelming focus#e" issues are the right to bu")

Assessment of legal discriminationin practice re7uires a detailedframewor* of 7uestions) asillustrated b" the &andesa Practical<uides on womenUs land and

Assessment at a global scale and atreasonable cost using an e%pertassessment approach nonethelessappears feasible# The F0' 1I<Iinitiatie currentl" produces data for

1ee: 'iscrimination in propert"rights =general>



The framewor* for the e%ercise ofcustomar" or common propert"rights created b" statutor" law# Arange of different issues are

A er" dierse range of topics thatcannot effectiel" be reduced to asingle indicator#

Not concerned with statutor" lawbut with custom) such as the lawsand rules goerning tenure in

No widel" used indicators refer tothis topic) but the &andesa Practical<uides on womenUs land rights and

F%pert or participator" anal"sis) butma" re7uire detailed *nowledge ofcustomar" rules that are not

The aailabilit" and ade7uac" ofresources for different polic"

This is difficult to assess becauseade7uac" is alwa"s relatie to

F%pert and participator" assessmentapproaches#

0larit" and non(oerlap ofmandates for land goernanceinstitutions# The &<A/ contains G

Cser cost constraints to formall"recording tenure transfers) or forfirst time recording of tenure# A *e"concern from a formal businessperspectie and also a *e"

Within the concept of user costs)man" different things ma" bemeasured: formal fees ='B) etc#>)informal fees =&<A/ i>) routinetransfers ='B) etc#>) first(time

F%pert assessment) drawing onprocedures and user e%perience#

Administratie data could be usedfor formal fees in some cases# Csersure"s are another approach

A *e" non(cost constraint identifiedin indicators is proceduralstipulations as regards eidence of

1ome indicators as* e%perts tosimultaneousl" assess man"different barriers =e#g# &<A/ > to

F%pert and participator" assessmentapproaches# Cser sure"s#




F%pert assessment#

Issues include accurac") whetherrecords are up to date) consistenc")the use of maps and whether

In practice) a wide range ofindicators are needed which ma"hae different leels of releance to

F%pert assessment based one%amination of procedures andregistr" information# @oweer)

The abilit" of the public to accessland registr" information =records>)and the constraints inoled in

The e%istence of pett" corruptionand measures ta*en to combat it#

'efinitional issues are raised b" the<lobal 0orruption Barometer=<0B>) specificall" li*el"

&<A/ relies on e%pert opinion andfocuses as much on measuresta*en to ensure accountabilit" as on

'ifferent measures of institutionalcapacit"#

&I/I indicators measure capacit")capabilit" and stabilit") but it isunclear how these are defined in

F%pert and participator"assessment#

The e%tent of formal registration ordocumentation of tenure rights iswidel" used and proposed as a *e"

Indicators and sure" 7uestionsar" widel" in the terms the" use)ma*ing comparison and data

These indicators can be assessedeither through administratie data orthrough sure"s4censuses# 1ome

1ee: $ecorded tenure rights b"land area4S properties

1ee: $ecorded tenure rights b"land area4S properties

1ee: $ecorded tenure rights b" landarea4S properties

&and aluation is treated as asignificant land goernancefunction in the ;<<T =0hapter ->)

F%pert assessment has to rel"e%pert opinion about accurac") orinfer accurac" from the aluation

F%pert assessment# 1ure" datawould be aluable but unli*el" to becost effectie#

&and aluation is treated as asignificant land goernancefunction in the ;<<T =0hapter -3>#

Indicators coer er" differentissues) comparable to the sub(topics listed under land

&<A/ relies on e%pert assessment)drawing on and anal"sis ofprocedures and administratie data

Pubic participation in national)

regional and local land use

The &<A/ indicators each coer

three aspects: whether public input

F%pert and participator"

assessment#Rustifiabilit" of land use restrictions#

Another potentiall" important issueincluded here is whether alternatie

'efining 58ustifiable6 is difficult andma" ma*e e%pert assessmentsopen to dispute# Participator"


Csers costs =e#g# formal fees) timeand number of procedures are

0omparable issues as for costs oftenure administration#

F%pert and participator"assessment) user sure"s#

Whether efforts are made toenforce spatial planningregulations# Two &<A/ indicators


The critical issue here is thepreention of forum(shopping b"

Assessment b" legal e%perts anddispute resolution professionals#

0ultural) cost) capacit") informationand accountabilit" constraints on This is an issue that can potentiall"be assessed in great detail) F%pert and participator"assessment# Potentiall")

Indicators that particularl" focus onconstraints to womenUs access to

8ustice

1ee: Accessibilit" of disputeresolution#


Ffficienc" of dispute resolution isconcerned with the abilit" of

Time ta*en for dispute resolution isa relatiel" simple measure of

F%pert assessment) administratie=court> data#




@ousehold sure"s

1ee: aboe# 1ee: aboe#

Whether public land ownership is 8ustified b" the proision of publicgoods at the an appropriate leel ofgoernment#

'efining 58ustifiable6 is difficult andma" ma*e e%pert assessmentsopen to dispute# Participator"approaches aiming to foster


The accessibilit" of information onpublic lands and regarding land

concessions#


Whether procedures are in place toensure that large(scale landtransfers are economicall")enironmentall" and sociall"

A single indicator is used to coer alot of issues# There is a need tospecif" concrete procedures suchas impact assessments)


Time re7uired for obtainingapproal for a &1&A# ther costissues could also be assessed

F%pert assessment# 'isclosure ofinformation b" inestors could beimportant for other cost issues#

A range of indicators concernedwith clarit" and consistenc" ofprocess) access to information and

2an" of the indicators refer toconcrete procedures li*ecompetitie tendering) or direct

F%pert assessment# 'isclosure ofinformation b" inestors would pla"and important role#

These indicators are largel"

concerned with whether actiities tomonitor and enforce contracts ta*eplace# The rate of pa"ment of lease

Issues such as whether social and

enironmental re7uirements are5clearl" defined and implemented6hae to be precisel" defined and

F%pert and participator"

assessment#

&and consolidation) read8ustment)restitution and redistributiereforms are treated as significantland goernance function in the

The &andesa Practical <uide ongender and land rights proides anumber of useful ealuation7uestions concerning land reform


$ead8ustment is a ma8or cause oftenure insecurit" in 0hina# The

These two &<A/ indicators assesswhether protections against forcedeiction are implemented e7uall"

&<A/ uses e%pert assessment)ideall" drawing on implementationrules and e%pert e%perience#

These indicators assess whetherprocedures designed to aoidforced eictions in the conte%t of

There are man" elements toprocedures for aoiding forcedeiction and the CN(@ABITAT

&<A/) CN(@ABITAT and <@Iindicators rel" on e%pertassessment# The reliabilit" of e%pert

&egal means of redress in cases ofeiction is another *e" element ofmeasures to preent forcedeictions# Indicators measure a

'efining 5accessible6 ma" be anissue for some indicators#therwise a problem with indicatorsthat as* whether legal aid is

&<A/ and &I/I indicators use e%pertassessment and ma" in practicerefer to procedures) rather thanwhether these are followed# The

This proposed indicator measuresthe number and alue of

1tate compensation of legall"recogni!ed propert" is referred to)

Presumabl" intended to useadministratie data# The reliabilit" of

1tandards on the aoidance offorced eiction re7uire thate%propriation onl" ta*e place for a

The definition of 5public interest6 isproblematic# The indicators eitherassess whether e%propriated land

F%pert assessment and sure"techni7ues# This is one indicator forwhich crowdsourcing =alread" being

The &andesa Practical <uides ongender and land rights andinheritance proide a detailed

In(depth *nowledge of customar"rules) institutions and practices isre7uired# Therefore participator"




1ure"s#

@ousehold(leel decision(ma*ing isnot usuall" regarded as a land

&121 sure"s occasionall" as*about management responsibilit"

Addressing household(leel issuesis li*el" to re7uire in(depth)

A number of ealuation 7uestionsfrom the <ender Faluation 0riteria


Tenure securit" outcomes can beassessed in terns of the ob8ectierate of eiction instances or thesub8ectie perception of insecurit"#While &<A/ focuses on 8udicial

Rudicial s"stem data reall" refer toa polic" output and is hard tointerpret as an indicator of tenuresecurit" outcomes# &and courtcases as a proportion of all court

Administratie data ma" beaailable for court cases ande%propriations# @oweer) the use ofsuch data as an indicator of tenureinsecurit" is problematic =see

n the one hand) perceptions oftenure insecurit" can be seen as asub8ectie but informed =5e%pert

6

1ure"s can as* different 7uestionsabout perceptions# F%amplesinclude whether respondents fear

@ousehold or smaller scale sure"s#F%amples include the CI1) &andesa0hina sure" and isolated &121

Indicators on mode of ac7uisitionand duration of possession haebeen suggested as pro%ies for

<&TN proposes a sure"methodolog" based on the CI1#0omparable 7uestions are also

Perceptions of rights and

understanding of policies are animportant polic" outcome that

This is an outcome indicator thatindirectl" assesses participation)transparenc" and corruption inlocal(leel land decision(ma*ing)particularl" spatial planning or local

It could be a challenge to ensureconsistenc" in what 5local6 refers to)as in different conte%ts it could beta*en to mean) customar"institutions) formal common(

1ure"s# 0ould be part ofhousehold sure"s or a simpleopinion sure" of the *ind used b"Transparenc" International#@oweer) no such indicator has

The <ini(coefficient of agriculturalland holding si!e has traditionall"be used as an indicator of landdistribution e7uit"# Another

approach is to assess landlessnessin terms of the proportion of rural or5agricultural6 households without

There are seeral importantdefinitional issues with the use ofthe <ini coefficient measure thatneed to be considered: whether

land si!e is used =which ma" not bea good measure of alue> or landalue =which is less commonl"

'ata on agricultural land owned andrented b" area is consistentl"collected b" agricultural censuses=-, "ear interal> and these also

proide information on land usewhich could potentiall" help tocorrect for alue differences# ther

wnership of dwelling is anindicator of access to land for allhouseholds) but is obiousl"particularl" important in urban

'ata sources t"picall" as* whethera dwelling is owned or rented#1ometimes 5other6 or othercategories =e#g# 5s7uatted6> are

'ata on dwelling ownership s#rental is proided b" populationcensuses) &12A sure"s and 2I01#

A dedicated sure" such as CI1

<ender e7uit" of access to andownership of land is an importantoutcome indicator reflecting thegender(sensitiit" of man" aspectsof land goernance# Indicators

The definition of ownership ortenure rights ma" be problematic#

Agricultural censuses and sure"st"picall" record the se% of theholder) but it is possible that a

'ata for this indicator is scarce fordwelling ownership because thehousehold is treated as the unit ofownership in sure"s =see 5Accessto land =housing>6 aboe># 1ome

The rate of the inheritance of landand dwellings) disaggregated b"gender#

The concept of an instance ofinheritance is fairl" simple# Anindicator would be more sensitie if

The onl" identified data source wasa &121 sure" in Tan!ania thatas*ed communit" representaties if)

Indicators assess the emergenceand functioning of mar*ets for land#

1ure" 7uestions) such as thoseused in the &andesa 0hina sure")

Agricultural census and &121sure" data of land rental and sales

&arge(scale land ac7uisitions are aparticular categor" of land tenure

No one indicator can be e%pectedto sum up all the different ariable

2onitoring re7uires the identificationand characteri!ation of indiidual




&and use is to an e%tent a landgoernance outcome that can beparticularl" related to spatial

In man" respects) land use couldbe defined as an impact of landgoernance) but the e%tent to which

&<A/ proides a range of indicatorsfor e%pert assessment on this issue#In principle) land use changes and

Inestment b" farmers and homeowners is regarded as an important

(

1imple indicators on the fre7uenc"of certain t"pes of capital

1ome sure"s) such as some &121sure"s hae recorded the

A number of indicators hae beenincluded in the main table but notclassified# These include generalindicators on 5propert" rights6

The indicators on propert" rightsused b" IF/) FIC) BTI) IP' andF1 are all 7uite similar and arebased on an e%pert respondent




Possible applications

Potentiall" important in relation tonational(leel polic" ealuation) andin relation to the /D< and ;<<T#0ould be a stronger focus innational(leel ealuation)

An indicator on legal recognition orlegal protection from forced eictionis a strong candidate for a coreglobal indicator) and should also be

seen as an important element ofan" national(leel comprehensie

A good candidate for a core globalindicator# The 1I<I should beealuated as a potential globalsource of data and as a source thatcould be integrated into national(


Fach indicator is li*el" to hae adifferent degree of releance indifferent national settings# Whilesome ma" hae a place in

The main application is li*el" to befor in(depth ealuation of customar"tenure regimes in countries whether

/or national(leel and in(depthpolic" ealuation it is releant to as*

National(leel ealuation and theealuation of particular functionssuch as the management of public

The 'oing Business indicators arean established measure of ease ofdoing business# It is also clearl"important as a potential commonindicator for land administration

National(leel and in(depthealuation#





National(leel and in(depthealuation# A significant focus of&<A/# Target -,d of the @&P report

In the CN @&P report) target -,efocuses on briber") corruption andaccountabilit"# Indicators used to


The recordation4documentation oftenure rights is a *e" indicator inan" national or sub(national conte%t

1ee: $ecorded tenure rights b" landarea4S properties



National(leel and in(depth

ealuation#National(leel and in(depthealuation#




National(leel and in(depthealuation# Targets --b and d of the






1ee: aboe#


National(leel and in(depthealuation# A significant focus of

&<A/# Target -,d of the @&P report




National(leel and in(depth

ealuation#

The ealuation 7uestions listed aremost appropriate to an in(depthealuation#

These are aluable outputindicators in national conte%ts =li*e

These are significant indicators ofthe e%tent to which the right tofreedom from forced eiction is

0ompensation pa"ment ispotentiall" a *e" national(leeloutput indicator of measure to

The proision of legal means ofredress in cases of compulsor"tenure changes is a *e" indicator inrelation to measures to preent

F%propriations ma" be a ma8orsource of tenure insecurit" in some


In practice) er" man" rural landusers gain access to land throughcustomar" institutions) and these




In(depth ealuation#

&i*el" to be most releant to in(depth# <ender(focused ealuation#

A *e" outcome indicator withapplicabilit" at all leels#

A *e" indicator that iscomplementar" to) or could be analternatie to) an indicator on

A potentiall" useful supplementar"indicator to include in householdsure"s#

Cseful for more in(depth anal"sis of

urban tenure or polic" reformsprocesses in specific national

An outcome indicator) principall" onthe spatial planning aspect ofresponsible land goernance) thatpotentiall" has releance acrossurban and rural) deeloped and

F7uitable access to land has longbeen a *e" land polic" issue# It isreflected in the ;<<T =B#) #)3#+) --#+) -.#-(>) described as a

fundamental aspiration in the /D<=G#-#> and is a *e" resolution of the'eclaration on land issues and

The rate of home ownership is notwidel" seen as a *e" polic" goaland data is often collected =e#g#2I01> as apart of a method for

The CN Women proposal on thepost(+,-. agenda puts forwardownership of dwelling and land b"gender as its sole indicators relatingto land# These are potentiall" *e"

The right of women to inherit land isa *e" gender concern# In principlethis should be an important


Without widespread and reliabledisclosure of information) there is





There is potential for encouragingthe collection of data on tenure



6 !n"icators main ta$le


Indicators (ain table

Phase Topic /ub-topic Abbr; Indicator?6ue

Inputs Polic" deelopment Participation in land polic" deelopment proc&<A/ i A comprehensi

&I/I - 2ulti(sta*ehol

<F0 + Is the decision

T<< V of women a

T<< V of formal la

T<< V of goernm

T<< V of women a

T<< V of women a

T<< V of women a

T<< V of women a

T<< V of women a

T<< Presence of p

T<< V of womens

2onitoring of polic" implementation &<A/ ii &and policies i

&<A/ i &and institutio

<F0 'oes the tool r

<F0 H 'oes the tool

&egal and polic" fr &egal protection of all legitimate land rights &<A/ -i F%isting legal f

&<A/ -ii F%isting legal f

&<A/ -iii The tenure of

&<A/ -i <roup tenure i

&<A/ ii &egislation e%i&<A/ &1&A-, 0ontractual pr

CI -#G Achieements

CI -#G#+ a> 'oes the 0

CI -#. &eel at which

CI -#.#- 'oes the 0on

CI -#.#+ 'oes the natio

&I/I + Process prior t

&I/I #- &egal aid to po

&I/I G#- 0onstitution a

&I/I G#+ 0oherent) una

&I/I .#G $enters hae t

&I/I #H#- Indiiduals ha

PBA1 A Access to land

<@I P-#G 'oes the law r

Namati The number of

&andesa P< What rights to

&andesa P< 'oes the law r

&andesa P<

&andesa P<

<F0 -- 'oes the tool

Are communal

Are customar"




<F0 -+ 'oes the tool

'iscrimination in propert" rights =general> CI -#G#. a> Are there im

CI -#.# Are spouses li

&I/I .#- &aws of prope

&I/I .#+ 0o(tenure regi

PBA1 B Access to land

1I<I Women hae t<@I P-#- 0an women le

<@I P-# 0an land be 8o

<@I P-#. Are immigrant


&andesa P<

&andesa P< 'oes the law li

&andesa P<

&andesa P<


&andesa P< 'oes the law p

&andesa P< 'oes the law p

&andesa P<<F0 Is the tool bas

T<< e%istence of la

'iscrimination in propert" rights =inheritance>CI -#G# a> Are there im

&I/I .# @ousehold me

1I<I Women hae

&andesa P<+

&andesa P<+

&andesa P<+

&andesa P<+

&andesa P<+

&andesa P<+

&andesa P<+

&andesa P<+ 0an a wife be&andesa P<+

&andesa P<+

&andesa P<+

&andesa P<+ Is there an" t"

&andesa P<+ What does the

T<< e%istence of in

1tatutor" regulation of common and custom &<A/ - The law proid

&<A/ + 0ommon prop

PBA1 F $egulation for

&andesa P<

&andesa P< 'oes the form

&andesa P< Which forums&andesa P<

&andesa P<

'iscrimination in non(statutor" laws4rules &andesa P<

&andesa P< Are there circu

&andesa P<

&andesa P<

&andesa P<

&andesa P<

If the law reco

'oes a woma

'oes the law p

What does the

Is a suriing

'oes the law r

What is the na

Is there a right

What do the in

Are there an"

Are the intesta

0an use rights

Is pol"gam" le

Are daughters

Are the comm

Which forums

'oes the law r

Which indiidu

'oes the cust

'oes the cust

'oes the cust

'oes the cust




&andesa P< Is there an" re

&andesa P<+ If land is owne

&andesa P<+ Are there diffe

&andesa P<+

&andesa P<+ If "es) does th

&andesa P<+ 'o widows re

&andesa P<+ If pol"gam" is l&andesa P<+ Who decides

&andesa P<+ 'oes the diisi

&andesa P<+ If pol"gam" is

&andesa P<+

&andesa P<+ 'o unmarried

$esources Ade7uac" of budget allocation &<A/ iii# 0ost of imple

&<A/ -iii There is signifi

<F0 . Are financial r

&<A/-+i There are ade

Institutions 0larit" of institutional mandates &<A/ .i There is a clea&<A/ .ii The mandated

&<A/ .iii Assignment of

&<A/-+iii The managem

Processes $ecording tenure ri 0osts of tenure registration &<A/ iii The costs for fi

&<A/ i There are no i

&<A/ The re7uireme

&<A/ -i The cost for re

WB 01IG Aerage numb

'B $egistering Procedures to

'B $egistering 0ost to legall"

'B $egistering Time to legall"

IP21 -#+# 2ortgage regi

&I/I #. /unctioning of

<@I $.#- What is the nu

<@I $.#+ What are the t

200 &(H Percentage ch

200 &( Percentage ch

&121 $easons for n

&121 $easons for =l

ther barriers to tenure registration &<A/ i Non(document

&<A/ The re7uireme

&<A/ i There is a clea

<@I P+#- Is there an op

<@I P#- Is there a polic<@I P#G Is there a proc

&andesa P< 'oes the state

&andesa P< What docume

&andesa P<

&andesa P< In the conte%t

&andesa P< If land is distri

&andesa P<+

&andesa P<+

Is brideprice o

Are daughters

What docume

What process

@ow is a trans




&andesa P<+ What is the pr

Qualit" of tenure records &<A/ .i Information rel

&<A/ -i 2ost records f

&<A/ -ii $eleant pria

&<A/ -iii $eleant publi

&<A/ -Hii There are mea

&<A/ -Hi 2ost ownershi

IP21 -#+#- 0adastral infor

IP21 -#+#- 0adastral infor

&I/I #- Basic land regi

<&TN+,-- 0it"-Informal settle

Accessibilit" of tenure records &<A/ .i Information rel

&<A/ -i 2ost records f

&<A/ -ii $eleant pria

&<A/ -iii $eleant publi

&<A/ -i The records in

&<A/ - 0opies or e%tr

&<A/ -i 0opies or e%tr

&<A/ &1&A &and use restriIP21 -#+#- 0adastral infor

IP21 -#+# 2ortgage regi

Transparenc"4corruption of tenure administr &<A/ i There are no i

&<A/ -Hi There are mea

&<A/ -3i A clear schedu

&<A/ -3ii 2echanisms t

&I/I # /unctioning of

<0B V of responde

Institutional capacit" and efficienc" &<A/ -ii The total fees

&I/I #+ /unctioning of

&I/I # /unctioning of

&I/I #G /unctioning of

200 &(+ &and administ

Tenure documentation4registration b" land a &<A/ +i 2ost commun

&<A/ +ii 2ost indiidual

&<A/ +iii 2ost indiidual

&<A/ &1&A - 2ost forest lan

WB 01I+ &and parcels

WB 01I Target land ar

WB prop + No# of land tra

WB prop G 1hare of priat

PBA1 0 &and tenure (

<@I P+#+ Fstimated per

<@I P+# Are titles upda

200 &(. Parcels correcTenure documentation4registration b" popula&<A/ +i A high percent

WB 01I- Target populati

WB prop - 1hare of land =

CI1 + =If owner> 'o "

CI1 'oes this docu

CI1 G 'oes it =docu

CI1 . 'oes it proid

CI1 =If "es=to .>> $i




CI1 H =If "es=to .>> $i

CI1 =If renter> 'o "

CI1 3 'o "ou hae a

CI1 -, =If no =to 3>> @

<&TN+,-- @@- Proportion unit

<&TN+,--e%t +#V families whi

<0I/ No# of househ$I21 Number of @@

<@I P#+b Number of hou

200 &( @ousehold lan

&andesa 01 Number of hou

&andesa 01 'ate of issuan

&andesa 01 Number of ten

&andesa 01 /re7uenc" of i

&WA Percentage of

&121 Presence and

&121 @ousehold me

&121 Presence and

&121 $egistration of&121 @ousehold me

&121 'ocumentatio

&121 Prealence of

&and aluation &<A/ -,i The assessme

&<A/ -,ii There is a poli

&and ta%ation 1cope) consistenc" and efficienc" of ta%atio &<A/ Hiii 2echanisms t

&<A/ --i There are limit

&<A/ --ii 2ost propert"

&<A/ --iii 2ost assesse

&<A/ --i The amount of

WB prop Total receipts

&121 Pa"ment of la

1patial planning Public participation in spatial planning &<A/ Hi In urban areas

&<A/ Hii In rural areas)

F%tent4appropriateness of land use regulatio &<A/ Gi There is a seri

&<A/ Gii There is a seri

IP21 -#-# Bundle of right

IP21 -##- &and What i

<@I $.# 0an alternati

0osts of planning permissions &<A/ 3i $e7uirements

&<A/ 3ii All application

<@I $.# What is the nu<@I $.#G What is the nu

<@I $.#. What are the t

Fnforcement of land use decisions4regulatio &<A/ Gi There is a seri

&<A/ Gii There is a seri

<@I P# Is the occupati

'ispute resolution 0larit"4non(oerlap of responsibilities &<A/ +,ii There is an inf

&<A/ +,iii There are no p

Accurac" and accessibilit" of aluation




&andesa P<

Accessibilit" of dispute resolution &<A/ +,i Institutions for

&<A/ +,i A process and

&andesa P< /or diision of

&andesa P< Are there barri

&andesa P< Are women ab

&andesa P<T<< V of women a

T<< V of women a

T<< V of women a

<ender sensitiit" =e%cluding general access&andesa P< What forums h

&andesa P<

&andesa P< 'o women an

&andesa P<

&andesa P< Which dispute

<F0 -, 'oes the tool

T<< V of women a

Ffficienc" of dispute resolution &<A/ +-ii A decision in a

&<A/ +-iii &ong(standingWB prop# No# of land(rel

200 &(G 0onflicts succ

&WA Number of cas

&WA Number of cas

&WA Number of cas

&WA Aerage time i

&121 T"pe4success

T<< V of disputes

Public land manag Appropriateness of public land designations &<A/ -+i Public land ow

Accessibilit" of information on pubic lands &<A/ -+ii The ma8orit" o

&<A/ -+ All the informa

&<A/ -+i e" informatio Assessment of potential impacts of public la &<A/ &1&A-G /or transfers o

Ffficienc" of public land disposal4&1&A decis&<A/ &1&A-- The procedure

Transparenc" of public land disposal4&1&A &<A/ -.i 2ost public la

&<A/ -.iii All t"pes of pu

&<A/ &1&AG Public instituti

&<A/ &1&A. Incenties for i

&<A/ &1&A Benefit sharin

&<A/ &1&AH There are dire

&<A/ &1&A 1ufficient infor

&<A/ &1&A3 /or cases of la

2onitoring and contract enforcement of &1& &<A/ -.ii A ma8orit" of th

&<A/ &1&A-+ 1ocial re7uire&<A/ &1&A- Fnironmental

&<A/ &1&A-G /or transfers o

&<A/ &1&A-. 0ompliance wi

&<A/ &1&A- There are ae

&and reforms =$eadFligibilit" and rights of beneficiaries &andesa P< If the <oern

&andesa P< Are women an

&andesa P< If land is distri

If there are mu

What are the b

What forums h

Where do wo




&andesa P< What are the r

&andesa P< What does the

$ead8ustment outputs &andesa 01 /re7uenc" of

&andesa 01 $eported purp

&andesa 01 'estination of

&121 Prealence of l

F%propriation and e Treatment of affected land users) b" tenure &<A/ +i When loss of r

&<A/ -Gii /air compensa

Proision of compensation and other proced &<A/ -Gi Where propert

&<A/ -Giii 2ost e%propria

CI -#.# Are the followi

<@I PG#-a 'id the eictio

<@I PG#-b @ow long in ad

<@I PG#-d The percentag

&andesa 01 Pa"ment of co

&andesa 01 /armer satisfa

&andesa 01 Proision of ad

&andesa 01 Prior consultati&121 $eceipt of co

&121 0ompensation

Proision of means of redress &<A/ -Gi Independent a

&<A/ -G A first(instance

CI -#.#G Is there legal a

CI -#.#. Is there legal a

&I/I #+ &egal aid to po

&I/I #H#+ Institutions are

<&TN+,-- 0it"+&egal proisio

&andesa 01 Cse of means

&andesa 01 0hange of co

F%tent of e%propriation WB prop . No# and alue

Rustifiabilit" of e%propriation) eiction &<A/ -i A minimal amo&<A/ -ii The ma8orit" o

Namati $eduction in a

&andesa 01 Cse of e%prop

0ommunit"4indigen Allocation and transfers &andesa P<

&andesa P< Who is respon

&andesa P<

&andesa P<

&andesa P< Is pol"gam" pr

&andesa P<

&andesa P<

&andesa P< @ow are land r&andesa P<

&andesa P<

&andesa P< What is the pr

&andesa P<

&andesa P< 'o women *n

&andesa P<+ If land is held

&andesa P<+ Who is usuall"

T<< V of women a

Are communal

Is the ethnic o

Is the ethnic o

Who decides

'o men bring l

What happens

'o women wh

What happens




T<< V of women a

T<< V number of c

'ispute resolution &<A/ +,ii There is an inf

&andesa P< Are women re

&andesa P< Who is respon

&andesa P< 0an women a

&andesa P< Is there an" re&andesa P<+ @ow are inheri

&andesa P<+ 'o both wome

&andesa P<+ Are there an"

@ousehold decision(ma*ing &andesa P<+

&121 0ontrol oer la

0ross(cutting chara <ender(related <F0 Is the informati

<F0 H 'oes the tool

<F0 3 'oes the tool

<F0 - 'oes the tool t

<F0 -G 'oes the tool<F0 -H 'oes the tool

<F0 -3 0an the tool b

<F0 +, 0an the tool b

<F0 ++ Is there formal

T<< number of lan

T<< V of women a

T<< number of gen

T<< number of gen

T<< number of co

T<< V of women a

T<< V of women a

T<< V of women a

T<< V of women a

*utco(es Tenure securit" Prealence4seerit" of disputes4eictions &<A/ +-i &and disputes

&<A/ &1&A+ &and ac7uisiti

CI -#H Aerage annu

CI1 -- @ae "ou hear

<&TN+,--e%t -# Number of hou

<@I PG#- The number of

<@I P.#+ The goernme

&andesa 01 /re7uenc" of

&andesa 01 /re7uenc" of l

&andesa 01 'ate of most r

&WA Number of peo&WA Number of peo

&WA Number of peo

&WA Number of cas

&WA Percentage of

&WA Annual loss of

&WA Annual 2onet

&WA Annual loss of

&WA Number of hou

Who ma*es d




&WA Number of hou

&121 F%istence of di

&121 F%perience of

&121 &oss of land a

&121 $eal propert" l

&121 Prealence of l

Perceptions of tenure securit" CI1 -+ =If "es =to --><&TN+,-- @@+ Proportion of u

<&TN+,--e%t -#V women who

Namati 0onfidence in

&andesa 01 /armersU confi

&121 Perception of t

&121 $eason for pe

@istor" of possession <&TN+,--e%t +#V families ac7

<&TN+,--e%t V households

&121 'uration of oc

&121 2ode of ac7ui

&121 'uration of po

Perceptions of rights <&TN+,--e%t G#V families beli<&TN+,--e%t G#V families beli

<&TN+,--e%t G#V families beli

<&TN+,--e%t G#V families beli

&andesa 01 /armerUs unde

&121 $ight to sell4us

Accountabilit" Accountabilit" of local land decision(ma*ing Namati Proportion of h

Access to land Access to land =agricultural> Namati Amount of lan

&WA &and ownershi

&WA Number of sha

&WA Number and p

2I01 @0-- @ousehold ow2I01 @0-+ @ousehold ow

'@1 --3 @ousehold ow

'@1 -+, @ousehold ow

&121 Tenure status

&121 Area of agricul

&121 ;alue of agricu

&121 $ent paid for a

&121 &egal owner of

&121 Income from r

&121 Income from r

&121 Number of lan

P@(0ensus wn(accountW0A &egal status of

W0A Total area of h

W0A &and tenure t"

W0A Area =parcel>=

W0A &and tenure =p

W0A Terms of rental

Access to land =housing> <0I/ No# of homele

2I01 @0-, 'welling owne




CI1 - 'o "ou own or

&121 Tenure status

&121 1i!e of dwellin

&121 ;alue of dwelli

&121 $ent paid for d

&121 Income from r

&121 Income from rP@(0ensus @ousing unit o

P@(0ensus Tenure of hou

&and ownership b" gender <@I P-#+ In practice) do

CN Women wnership of

CN Women Proportion of a

&121 @ousehold me

&121 @ousehold me

W0A 1e% of agricult

Transfers $ates of inheritance b" gender <@I P-#+ In practice) do

&121 Inheritance of

2ar*et functionalit" PBA1 ' /ormal land m

&andesa 01 Number of lan&andesa 01 'uration of lan

&andesa 01 $ental fees4la

F%tent and nature of &1&A 2atri% F%tent of large

&and use 0onformit" of land use with decisions4regula &<A/ Hi 2ost land that

&<A/ i In the largest c

&<A/ ii In the four ma8

&<A/ iii In the largest c

&<A/ i F%isting re7uir

&<A/ The share of l

CI -# Percentage of

<&TN+,-- 1ett(Proportion of i

I(pacts Inestment Inestments made b" farmers &andesa 01 Number of inst

&121 Agricultural in

@nclassified Cnclassified Cnclassified IF/ Propert" $ight

FIC . F%tent to whic

BTI 3#- To what e%tent

IP' A,, 1YcuritY des d

F1 -#,- Propert" rights

P@(0ensus ccupation =0

P@(0ensus Industr" =of e

P@(0ensus 1tatus in empl

P@(0ensus 0haracteristicW0A Age of agricult

<F0 - 'oes the tool

<F0 G 'oes the tool




tion

ie polic" e%ists or can be inferred b" the e%isting legislation# &and polic" decisions that affect sections of

er inolement

ma*ing process in deeloping the tool) and within the tool itself) transparent and inclusie for both wome

d men members of formal land polic"(ma*ing institutions and structures#

d polic"(ma*ing meetings and fora that include participation from grassroots groups representing both

nt officials directl" inoled in the land polic"(ma*ing process who hae been trained and sensiti!ed on

d men among goernment officials participating in land polic"(ma*ing structures and institutions#

d men among ciil societ" representaties participating in land polic"(ma*ing structures and institutions#

d men among priate sector representaties participating in land polic"(ma*ing structures and institutio

d men members of land law reform commissions#

d men members of legal drafting teams wor*ing on land(related subsidiar" laws) regulations and proced

rticipator" and consultatie legal drafting processes inoling women and men from the grassroots#

groups proposals ta*en into account and integrated in the adopted legal instruments#

corporate e7uit" ob8ecties that are regularl" and meaningfull" monitored) and their impact on e7uit" iss

s report on land polic" implementation in a regular) meaningful) and comprehensie wa") with reports be

el" on and proide se%(disaggregated data?

roide mechanisms for assessment and ealuation =at numerous leels> b" female and male sta*eholde

ramewor* recogni!es rights held b" most of the rural population) either through customar" or statutor" te

ramewor* recogni!es rights held b" most of the urban population) either through customar" or statutor" t

ost groups in rural areas is formall" recogni!ed) and clear regulations e%ist regarding groups internal o

n informal urban areas is formall" recogni!ed) and clear regulations e%ist regarding the internal organi!at

ts to formall" recogni!e long(term) unchallenged possession and applies to both public and priate land)isions regarding ac7uisition of land from communities or the public are re7uired b" law to e%plicitl" men

of the right to ade7uate housing in the 0onstitution or National law for all citi!ens

nstitution or national law promote the full and progressie realisation of the right to ade7uate housing? b

secure tenure is ensured for households and indiiduals as measured b" the 7uestions =below> on the le

titution include protections against eiction?

nal law include protections against eiction?

o eictions: -> 0onsultationK +> RustificationK > NotificationK G> $ecordingK .> 0ompensation4relocation

tential eictees ( &egal proisions for legal aid e%ist

d land laws protect occupants and their possession rights

biguous and non(contradictor" land laws and pro(poor land(use practices

enure securit" according to clear regulations and rent is regulated

e legal entitlement to access information and consultation about decisions that might iolate their right to

for rural poor households ( The law guarantees secure) e7ual and enforceable land rights to all

ecogni!e the customar" or tribal land rights of indigenous people?

countries that legall" recogni!e customar" land tenure and4or communit" land and resource rights

land does the 1tate retain? =1tate owns all landK 1tate owns natural resources but not urban or agricultu

ecogni!e priate propert" rights?

romote the principle of a bundle of rights?

rights to land recogni!ed b" law? If so) what is the nature and scope of those rights?

rights to land recogni!ed b" law? If so) what is the nature and scope of those rights?




roide different tenure options) recogni!ing a continuum of rights?

pediments to women owning land? b> Are there impediments to particular groups owning land?

ing in the same dwelling as the owner automaticall" recognised as co(owners in the law?

t" inheritance and propert" registration are non(discriminator"#

stration of multiple household members is possible

for women) indigenous populations and other ulnerable groups ( The law guarantees secure) e7ual an

he same legal rights as men to own and access landgall" own or inherit land?

intl" owned b" husband and wife?

) refugees and non(citi!ens allowed to own land?

ecogni!e womens rights to propert"?

mit the categor" of land women can own =s# men>? /or e%ample) there are often restrictions on women

estrict who ma" be a common owner? 'oes the law restrict what categor" of land can be co(owned?

resume 8oint propert" rights for married couples? ='o married couples b" law hae 8oint propert" rights u

roide for diision of propert" between spouses in the eent of disappearance or abandonment? What d

d on the principle of gender e7ualit" and does it protect womens land4 tenure rights?

s and polices supporting gender(e7uitable goernance of land tenure#

pediments to women inheriting land and housing? b> Are there impediments to particular groups inheritin

mbers hae inheritance and deelopment rights

7ual rights of inheritance with men and there are no reported discriminator" practices

disinherited completel" b" will? If no) what is the mandator" set aside for wies? If "es) are there an" oth

e of land a daughter cannot inherit =e#g# ancestral land>?

law sa" about distribution of resources) and rights to those resources) if land cannot be ph"sicall" partiti

heritance laws coherent with and supportie of tenure reforms and gender(e7uitable goernance of land

es opportunities for those holding land under customar") group) or collectie tenure to full" or partiall" in

rt" under condominiums is recogni!ed) and there are clear proisions in the law to establish arrangeme

the allocation and management of common propert" resources ( 0lear and e7uitable

l law recogni!e an" rights for women within that customar" group? If so) what rights do women hae to

hae statutor" authorit" to hear propert" rights cases inoling communal or customar" land?

mstances in which women lose their rights to communal4customar" land? If so) what are these circumsta

ni!es custom as a source of law) how does it handle conflicts between the statutor" law and customs) p

s marital status hae an impact on her right to own land? If "es) which land? In what wa"?

ermit common ownership =co(ownership> of land between indiiduals? =This ma" be in the law on prope

law sa" about compensation for compulsor" ac7uisition and4or the state ta*ing land? @ow is compensat

ife an heir under the law? What are the wifeUs rights? Are the" the same in nature and scope as those o

ecogni!e cohabitation4consensual unions4couples who put themseles forward as married? If so) what a

ture and scope of the right to inherit as a wife? Is the right that is inherited limited in time or b" some ee

of suriorship =one spouse automaticall" inherits the whole of the land the" hold in common ownership

testate inheritance proisions sa" about wies inheritance? If wies inherit) what land is included? What

rocedures which must be followed to ensure inheritance proisions appl"? /or e%ample) must the death

te proisions for spouses triggered onl" when there is a formal marriage? If "es: What constitutes a form

be transferred b" inheritance?

al? If "es) how is land =or other propert"> diided between the wies? Are there proisions related to the

and sons both considered heirs b" law? Are the" heirs of the same order? If "es) do daughters and sons

nal4customar" goernance rules codified or otherwise written? B" law) who determines what these right

hae statutor" authorit" to hear cases of diision of marital propert" for those married under customar" r

ecogni!e or re7uire an" pre(steps before ta*ing a case to court =e#g# compulsor" mediation) alternatie di

als hae rights to the communall"4customaril" held land? Is the right based on membership in a househo

mar" land goernance s"stem recogni!e womens rights to own land? Cnder what circumstances? =Wh

mar" land goernance s"stem recogni!e womens rights to control land? Cnder what circumstances? =

mar" land goernance s"stem recogni!e womens rights to use land? Cnder what circumstances? =Wha

mar" land goernance s"stem recogni!e womens rights to e%ercise decisions oer land and income fro




course to a higher authorit"4right to appeal? If so) who?

d communall" but is allocated to indiidual households for their use) what is the nature and scope of the

ent rights for people within the household? I#e# is the male household head presumed to be the manage

famil" eer sell land to proide this marriage gift?

ain on their deceased husbands land4 house? If "es) are there an" limitations to this =e#g# widows can o

legal) how are the land and house=s> diided among the wies?ho gets what if there is no will?

on of propert" depend on the number and gender of the wiesU children?

not legal) how are the land and house=s> diided among wies?

omen =single) diorced) or widowed> inherit land from their fathers if the" are liing at home?

entation of land polic" is estimated) e%pected benefits are identified and compared to cost) and there ar

cant inestment in capital in the s"stem to record rights in land so that the s"stem is sustainable but still

sources e%plicitl" allocated for capacit" building of both women and men to benefit from the tool?

uate budgets and human resources that ensure responsible management of public lands#

r separation in the roles of polic" formulation) implementation of polic" through land management and aresponsibilities e%ercised b" the authorities dealing with land administration issues are clearl" defined a

land(related responsibilities between the different leels of goernment is clear and nonoerlapping#

ent responsibilit" for different t"pes of public land is unambiguousl" assigned#

rst(time sporadic registration for a t"pical urban propert" is low compared to the propert" alue#

formal fees that need to be paid to effect first registration#

nts for formali!ing housing in urban areas are clear) straightforward) affordable) and implemented consis

gistering a propert" transfer is minimal compared to the propert" alue#

er of da"s to complete the recordation of a purchase4sale of a propert" in the land administration s"stem

legall" transfer title =between two local companies> on immoable propert" in countr"Us largest business

transfer title =between two local companies> on immoable propert" in countr"Us largest business cit" =V

transfer title =between two local companies> on immoable propert" in countr"Us largest business cit" =da

tr" 'oes a notar" need to be inoled in the registration process?

&and 2anagement and &and Administration Institutions ( Affordabilit" of serices

mber of da"s re7uired to register a propert"?

pical costs inoled in registering a propert" =in local currenc">?

ange in time for propert" transactions ( The aerage percentage change in number of da"s for an indiid

ange in cost for propert" transactions ( The aerage percentage change in C1 'ollars of out of poc*et c

t haing tenure documentation for dwelling

c* of> progress in documentation in communit"

ar" forms of eidence are used alone to obtain full recognition of claims to propert" when other forms of

nts for formali!ing housing in urban areas are clear) straightforward) affordable) and implemented consis

r) practical process for the formal recognition of possession) and this process is implemented effectiel")

rating program to register titles or incremental tenure documents?

" or program that supports the regulari!ation of titles or alternatie documents in established informal seess or program to recogni!e occupanc" of public land? /or e%ample) certificates of occupanc") street ad

4national goernment proide an" incenties for registering land in womens names?

ts are re7uired to register land 8ointl"?

f documentation of land rights) what are the rules around pol"gam" and co(owned land?

uted =or formali!ed> to households) b" law) whose name must be listed on the title? Whose name=s> has

dowr" e%changed at the time of marriage? If "es) is this considered a daughters pre(mortem inheritanc

and sons both considered heirs? 'o daughters and sons inherit land rights e7uall"? If not) who usuall" i

ts are re7uired to proe eligibilit" for presumed 8oint ownership or compulsor" 8oint ownership?

is re7uired to legall" recogni!e the transfer of land rights that occur ia inheritance? Are an" documents

er of land rights b" inheritance documented? Are transfers of land rights b" inheritance registered? If so)




cess re7uired to formali!e an inherited right to land?Xwhere do people go) what is re7uired for proof) et

ated to rights in land is aailable to other institutions that need this information at reasonable cost and is

r priatel" held land registered in the registr" are readil" identifiable in maps in the registr" or cadastre#

e encumbrances are recorded consistentl" and in a reliable fashion and can be erified at low cost b" a

restrictions or charges are recorded consistentl" and in a reliable fashion and can be erified at a low c

ningful published serice standards) and the registr" actiel" monitors its performance against these sta

p information in the registr" or cadastre is up to date#

mation Is !oning4permitted use information included and are regulations respoected and enforced?

mation Are <I14<P1 used to create and update the registr"?

stration 4 recording s"stems are in place and operational# @@s with informal tenure are included in the in

ents are included within the land information s"stems

ated to rights in land is aailable to other institutions that need this information at reasonable cost and is

r priatel" held land registered in the registr" are readil" identifiable in maps in the registr" or cadastre#

e encumbrances are recorded consistentl" and in a reliable fashion and can be erified at low cost b" a

restrictions or charges are recorded consistentl" and in a reliable fashion and can be erified at a low c

the registr" can be searched b" both right(holder name and parcel#

cts of documents recording rights in propert" can be obtained b" an"one who pa"s the necessar" forma

cts of documents recording rights in propert" can generall" be obtained within one da" of re7uest#

ictions on rural land parcels can generall" be identified mation accessible to the public?

tr" Is information in the registr" aailable electronicall"?

formal fees that need to be paid to effect first registration#

ningful published serice standards) and the registr" actiel" monitors its performance against these sta

le of fees for different serices is publicl" accessible) and receipts are issued for all transactions#

detect and deal with illegal staff behaior e%ist in all registr" offices) and all cases are promptl" dealt wit

&and 2anagement and &and Administration Institutions ( Transparenc"

nts who report pa"ing bribes) b" sector =includes 5$egistr" and permit serices6) 5&and serices6 =in +,,3

ollected b" the registr" e%ceed the total registr" operating costs#

&and 2anagement and &and Administration Institutions ( Institutional capacit"

&and 2anagement and &and Administration Institutions ( 0apabilit"

&and 2anagement and &and Administration Institutions ( 1tabilit"

ation offices established or upgraded ( The number of land administration and serice offices or other rel

l lands hae boundaries demarcated and sure"ed or mapped and communal rights registered#

l properties in rural areas are formall" registered#

l properties in urban areas are formall" registered#

d is mapped and rights are registered

ith use or ownership rights recorded as a result of the pro8ect =number) b" gender>

a with use or ownership rights recorded as a result of the pro8ect =ha>

sfers of different t"pes =sales) mortgages) gifts) inheritances) etc#> registered

el" owned and state land area mapped

ecure and enforceable land rights# The ma8orit" of land holdings are titled or registered

ent of all the properties in the greater municipalit" that hae their title properl" registered# =V>

ed regularl" when propert" is transferred?

ed or incorporated in land s"stem ( The number of parcels with releant parcel information corrected orage of land registered to ph"sical persons is registered in the name of women) either indiiduall" or 8ointl

on with use or ownership rights recorded as a result of the pro8ect =number>

b" alue or si!e> registered in a womens name

ou hae one of the below documents as eidence of "our rights oer this dwelling?

ment help "ou improe "our dwelling?

ent> help "ou inherit or sell this dwelling?

"ou with rights oer land =full4shared> ="es4no>

ight to deelop oer land?




ight to sell4inherit?

ou hae a formal contract with landlord?

n informal contract with landlord?

e "ou sub(let the dwelling "ou lie in?

s with documents as eidence of legalit" or legitimac" for access to land rights

h hold: TitlesK 0ertificate of occupationK Purchase agreement4receiptK Propert" ta% receiptsK Ctilit" billsK

lds without registered legal titles s proided with long(term securit" of tenure of natural resources) including land and water

seholds liing in informal settlements in the greater municipalit" who hae titles proided b" a regulari!a

d rights formali!ed ( The number of households receiing formal recognition of ownership and4or use rig

seholds with recogni!ed land tenure documentation =land contract or land certificate>

ce of tenure documents

re documents in compliance with legal re7uirements

clusion of wifeUs name on tenure documentation

sharecroppers with legal documents

t"pe of tenure documentation for dwelling

mbers who are owners of dwelling4hae name on document

t"pe of tenure documentation for agricultural land

tenure of agricultural land mbers who are owners of agricultural land4hae name on document

or legal status of communal land

enure t"pes and documentation in communit"

nt of land and propert" alues for ta% purposes is based on mar*et prices with minimal differences betw

" that aluation rolls be publicl" accessible) and this polic" is effectie for all properties that are consider

allow the public to capture a significant share of the gains from changing land use are regularl" used a

ed e%emptions to the pa"ment of land and propert" ta%es) and the e%emptions that e%ist are clearl" base

holders liable for land and propert" ta% are listed on the ta% roll#

propert" ta%es are collected#

propert" ta%es collected e%ceeds the cost of staff in charge of collection b" a factor of more than .#

f land ta% reenue

d or real estate ta%

) public input is sought in preparing and amending changes in land use plans) and the public responses

public input is sought in preparing and amending changes in land use plans) and the public responses a

s of regulations regarding urban land use) ownership) and transferabilit" that are for the most part 8ustifi

s of regulations regarding rural land use) ownership) and transferabilit" that are for the most part 8ustifie

s =e%tent of restrictions imposed on propert" rights>

the status of land ownership? =e%tent of restrictions imposed on propert" rights>

documents be used in place of official propert" title to obtain construction permits?

to obtain a building permit are technicall" 8ustified) affordable) and clearl" disseminated#

for building permits receie a decision in a short period#

mber of da"s re7uired to obtain building permits for residential construction?mber of agencies that an indiidual is re7uired to isit to obtain a permit for new construction?

pical costs associated with obtaining a building permit =in local currenc">?

s of regulations regarding urban land use) ownership) and transferabilit" that are for the most part 8ustifi

s of regulations regarding rural land use) ownership) and transferabilit" that are for the most part 8ustifie

on of public land tolerated?

rmal or communit"(based s"stem that resoles disputes in an e7uitable manner) and decisions made b

arallel aenues for conflict resolution or) if parallel aenues e%ist) responsibilities are clearl" assigned an




proiding a first instance of conflict resolution are accessible at the local leel in the ma8orit" of communi

mechanism e%ist to appeal rulings on land cases at reasonable cost) with disputes resoled in a timel"

propert" upon diorce) are there an" re7uirements for getting into court? Are there an" up(front pa"ment

ers to accessing the formal s"stem of ad8udication? I#e# fees) assumption of literac" =does something ne

le to access all enforcement institutions?

d men receiing training in access to land 8ustice#

d men receiing legal support in land cases in the formal 8ustice s"stem#

d men receiing adocac" and legal literac" training focusing on land#

ae statutor" 8urisdiction to hear propert" or land rights related cases? =F#g# formal courts) courts of spe

men hae the same right to decide which law or ad8udicatie bod" applies?

resolution actors *now womens rights? 1upport womens rights?

roide gender(sensitie dispute resolution?

d men members of land dispute resolution institutions and mechanisms) including local watchdog group

land(related conflict is reached in the first(instance court within - "ear in the ma8orit" of cases#

land conflicts are a small proportion of the total pending land dispute court cases#ted conflicts in the courts

ssfull" mediated ( The number of disputed land and propert" rights cases that hae been resoled b" lo

es receied =per -,,),,, population>

es inestigated =per -,,),,, population>

es ad8udicated =per -,,),,, population>

"ears for dispute resolution

f conflict resolution

egarding womens land and propert" rights before the courts and alternatie dispute resolution mechani

nership is 8ustified b" the proision of public goods at the appropriate leel of goernment) and such land

public land is clearl" identified on the ground or on maps#

ion in the public land inentor" is accessible to the public#

n for land concessions is recorded and publicl" accessible#f public4communit" lands) public institutions hae procedures in place to identif" and select economicall"

to obtain approal for a pro8ect where it is re7uired is reasonabl" short

d disposed of in the past "ears is through sale or lease through public auction or open tender process#

lic land are generall" diested at mar*et prices in a transparent process irrespectie of the inestors sta

ns inoled in land ac7uisition operate in a clear and consistent manner

nestors are clear) transparent and consistent

mechanisms regarding inestments in agriculture =food crops) biofuels) forestr") liestoc*) game farm4c

t and transparent negotiations between right holders and inestors

ation is re7uired from inestors to assess the desirabilit" of pro8ects on public4communal land

nd ac7uisition on public4communit" land) inestors proide the re7uired information and this information

e total agreed(upon pa"ments are collected from priate parties on the lease of public lands#

ents for large scale inestments in agriculture are clearl" defined and implemented re7uirements for large scale inestments in agriculture are clearl" defined and implemented

f public4communit" lands) public institutions hae procedures in place to identif" and select economicall"

th safeguards related to inestment in agriculture is chec*ed

ues to lodge complaints if agricultural inestors do not compl" with re7uirements

ent has a land distribution program) who is eligible for land? Who is prioriti!ed? What documents are re

d men treated e7uall" in the program? If not) in what wa"s?

uted =or formali!ed> to households) b" law) whose name must be listed on the title? Whose name=s> has

ltiple legal s"stems that deal with marital propert") what is the process for determining which law and ad8

arriers that women face in resoling disputes? Possible barriers include: costs associated with dispute r

ae statutor" 8urisdiction to hear marital propert" cases? 'o those forums hae female representation?

en usuall" go when the" hae a land dispute? Wh"?




ules for transfer of state land once it has been distributed to households? Are there restrictions on sale) l

law sa" about household members who leae the household after distribution? =diorce) married out) et

illage leel land read8ustments4re(contracting4

ose of land read8ustment

proceeds from re(contracting land to non(illagers

land ad8ustment and reallocations in communit"

ights occurs as a result of land use change not inoling e%propriation) compensation in cash or in *ind i

tion) in *ind or in cash) is paid to all those with rights e%propriated regardless of the registration status#

is e%propriated) fair compensation) in *ind or in cash) is paid so that the displaced households hae co

ted land owners receie compensation within one "ear#

gs steps underta*en during eiction? a> 0onsultation =the future eictees are consulted through formal

follow established legal guidelines for eictions?

ance of the actual eiction were people first informed? =months>

e of people who were resettled or gien compensation roughl" e7uialent to the alue of their homes# =V

mpensation in cases of e%propriation

ction with compensation pa"ments

ance notification

ion on the amount of compensation pensation for read8ustment4e%propriation

receied for read8ustment and reallocations in communit"

enues to lodge a complaint against e%propriation e%ist and are easil" accessible#

decision has been reached for the ma8orit" of complaints about e%propriation lodged during the past "

id support to eicted people?

id support to famil"(related eictions =result of domestic iolence) eiction b" famil" members) etc>?

tential eictees ( &egal proisions are practiced

accessible at local leel and proide information and assistance

s against forced eictions are accessible and effectie

of redress4appeal with regard to compensation amounts

pensation amounts after appeal

of e%propriation cases

unt of land e%propriated in the past "ears is used for priate purposes#land that has been e%propriated in the past "ears has been transferred to its destined use#

mount4proportion of communal land e%propriated per "ear for priate purposes) or through compulsor" st

iated land

sible for the allocation of communal4customar" land? What criteria are used for allocation? What are th

acticed? If "es) do wies lie separatel" or together with their husbands? 'oes each wife lie in her own

ights allocated within marriage? When a couple marries) do the" *eep separate control oer the land the

cess a woman has to go through to receie land if she leaes her husband? What about with other prop

w their customar" rights to land?

ommunall") who is ultimatel" responsible for land distribution? Are women in that group?

responsible for ta*ing care of widows? If a specific child is responsible for ta*ing care of a widow or wid

d men members of customar" authorities dealing with land#

4customar" land rights allocated to indiiduals or to members of the group?

tribal group matrilineal or patrilineal?

tribal group matrilocal or patrilocal?

hen and whom a person should marr"? Is there dowr" or brideprice? Who receies it? 'oes it eer incl

and and4or housing to a new marriage? Are men allocated land b" their families upon marriage?

when a woman separates from or diorces her husband? 0an she return to her parents home? 'oes it

leae their husbands receie an" land from his famil"? 'o the" receie an" other propert" or assets?

when a woman separates from or diorces her husband? 0an she return to her parents home? 'oes it




d men in customar" land institutions and other land(related local institutions#

ustomar" land institutions and other land(related local institutions trained and sensiti!ed on gender and l

rmal or communit"(based s"stem that resoles disputes in an e7uitable manner) and decisions made b

resented among those who resole disputes?

sible for enforcing traditional court decisions?

cess the dispute resolution bod" on their own) or is there a re7uired intermediar"?

course to a higher authorit"4right to appeal? If so) who?ance disputes resoled b" custom?

n and men bring inheritance complaints?

ustomar" barriers to women going to court) goernment offices) or informal dispute resolution bodies?

nd use4use of outputs within household

on clear to) and does it empower) both women and men to utili!e the tool and *now their rights related to

roide mechanisms for assessment and ealuation =at numerous leels> b" female and male sta*eholde

c*nowledge conflict of interests and the different gender impacts this ma" hae?

a*e into consideration statutor" and customar" laws and practices affecting womens land rights?

emand positie results for women particularl" in the conte%t of traditional land structures?ncourage a mar*et that is accessible to women and proides e7uit" for women and men?

implemented at cit" or national leel?

implemented consistentl" =rather than ad(hoc>?

engagement between communities and local4national goernments?

officials receiing gender sensiti!ation and training#

d men attending training on use of new land(related technologies

der sensiti!ation and awareness(raising initiaties focusing on land#

der(sensitie adocac" and legal literac" training sessions focusing on land#

munication tools and media used to get the message across on gender(e7uitable land tenure goernan

d men in central land administration and management institutions#

d men in district land administration and management institutions#

d men in local land administration and management institutions#

d men wor*ing in the technical professions of land administration =sure"ing) aluation) geodetics) <P1

in the formal court s"stem are low compared to the total number of court cases#

n generates few conflicts and these are addressed e%peditiousl" and transparentl"

l number of men(headed and women(headed households eicted from their dwellings during the past fi

d of an" forceful eictions in the cit" ="es4no>

seholds eicted in the last fie "ears per -,),,,

people eicted in the largest mass eiction that too* place in the greater municipalit" in the last three "e

nt has torn down e%isting low(income neighborhoods and transferred the acant lands to the priate sect

illage leel land read8ustments4re(contracting4

nd e%propriation =land ta*ings> per illage

cent land e%propriation per illage

ple *illed =per -,,),,, population> ple detained=per -,,),,, population>

ple harassed =per -,,),,, population>

es of land grabbing

area of land grabbed

time due to disputes

r" loss associated with land disputes4litigation

assets due to land disputes

seholds eicted4 displaced from farms =per -,,),,, population>

cisions about how the land is allocated) managed) or used in the household? In the communit"?




seholds becoming totall" homeless because of eiction

spute oer ownership of dwelling

disputes) conflicts) inoluntar" tenure changes

a shoc*s e%perienced b" households

oss b" displaced persons

land ad8ustment and reallocations in communit"

o "ou trust "ou would be supported b" the authorities if "ou are sub8ect to forceful eictions? nits where people trust the" will not be eicted

fear the" will be eicted from @@s after diorce4separation4loss of husband

enure securit": The proportion of households who beliee that household and communit" land will not b

ence in tenure securit" =perceied li*elihood of further land read8ustments>

enure securit"

ception of tenure securit"

uiring land b": /ormal finance sources =public or priate>K 'irect purchase from priate indiiduals4deelo

residing at current dwelling for -,E "ears =pro%" indicator for aderse possession># The same formula al

upation of dwelling

ition of agricultural land

session4use of agricultural land

eing the" hae the right to preent others from enteringeing the" hae the right to deelop their dwelling

eing the" hae the right to sell

eing the" hae the right to inherit

rstanding of *e" proisions of national land laws and policies

e as collateral agricultural land

ouseholds who beliee the" hae a fair sa" in decisions about local land and natural resources

=ha> for which a> local communities possess rights to own) use) and consere) and b> decisions about l

p distribution b" si!e =<ini coefficient>

recroppers

rcentage of landless persons among rural population

ership of agricultural land ership of agricultural land =hectares>

ership of agricultural land

ership of agricultural land =hectares>

f agricultural land =ownership) rental) sharecropping) s7uatted) other>

tural land owned4rented4used

ltural land owned =also rental alue>

gricultural land

land where land occupied without consent

al estate sales

al estate rent

less labourers in communit"

griculture production =1upplementar" topic) see CN +,,H: +#3(3,>agricultural holder =0ore topic) An indiidualK two or more indiidualsK 8uridical person =the latter ma" be

lding =0ore topic) see /A +,,.: --#G,G.>#

pes on the holding =&egal ownership or legal owner(li*e possessionK non(legal ownership or non(legal o

upplementar" module topic) see /A +,,.: --#.>

er parcel> =1upplementar" module topic) see /A +,,.: --#.H.>

l =for rented parcels> =/or an agreed amount of mone" and4or produceK for a share of produceK in e%chan

s people per -,,),,, population

rship s# rental




rent this unit =dwelling>?

f dwelling=ownership) rental) s7uatted) other>

g

g =including rental alue>

welling

al estate sales

al estate rent nership(t"pe of =wner(occupiedK Non owner(occupied =Publicl" owned) Priatel" owned) 0ommunall"

ehold =oer housing unit> =2ember of household owns housing unitK 2ember of household rents all or a

women own or inherit land?

welling) b" se%

dult population owning land) b" se%

mbers who are owners of dwelling4hae name on document

mbers who are owners of agricultural land4hae name on document

ral holder =0ore topic) see /A +,,.: --#--->

women own or inherit land?

ropert" b" men4women

ar*ets ( function effectiel"

transfers =leases> per household d leases

d area

(scale land deals =data b" negotiation and implementation status) intended si!e) si!e under contract) ope

has had a change in land use assignment in the past "ears has changed to the destined use#

it" in the countr") urban deelopment is controlled effectiel" b" a hierarch" of regional and detailed land

or cities) urban deelopment is controlled effectiel" b" a hierarch" of regional and detailed land use pla

it" in the countr") the urban planning process or authorit" is able to cope with the increasing demand for

ments for residential plot si!es are met in most plots#

nd set aside for specific use that is used for a nonspecified purpose in contraention of e%isting regulati

the total housing stoc* in compliance with current land and building regulations

formal occupants using public land that is not planned for infrastructure or other serices within total cit"

ances of mid( to long(term inestment made per farmer per "ear

estments =t"pe and alue>

Priate propert" is guaranteed b" the goernment# The court s"stem enforces contracts efficientl" an

priate propert" rights protected and priate business is free from undue goernment influence

do goernment authorities ensure well(defined rights of priate propert" and regulate the ac7uisition) be

roits de propriYtY

) including oer financial assets =- J are poorl" defined and not protected b" law) H J are clearl" defined

ore topic) see CN +,,H: +#,-(.>

plo"ment> =0ore topic) see CN +,,H: +#,(3>

"ment =Fmplo"eesK Fmplo"ersK wn(account wor*ersK 0ontributing famil" wor*ersK 2embers of produc

of all agricultural 8obs during the last "ear =1upplementar" topic) see CN +,,H: +#3(3,>ural holder =0ore topic) see /A +,,.: --#-G->

emand and generate political understanding and will to positiel" implement a gender balanced approa

emand positie results for women from public and priate bodies responsible for land management?




the communit" are based on consultation with those affected) and their feedbac* on the resulting polic"

n and men?

omen and men#

ender issues#

s#

ures#

ues is compared to that of other polic" instruments

ing publicl" accessible#

rs?

nure regimes#

enure regimes#

gani!ation and legal representation#

ion and legal representation of groups#

) although different rules ma" appl"# tion the wa" in which benefits and ris*s will be shared

> If "es) is this right mentioned as one to which eer"bod" is entitled? c> If "es) is this right mentioned for

gal framewor* related to eiction

ade7uate housing

al landK 1tate has the right to ta*e priate land for public purpose) etc#>




enforceable land rights to poor men and women

owning ancestral land#

nless the" contract out of their rights?>

oes the law sa" about abandonment? What does the law sa" about out migration of husbands?

g land and housing?

er protections for her =e#g# use of famil" home until she dies or remarries>?

oned? 0an children =either males or females> be completel" disinherited b" will or b" law =intestate>? If "

tenure#

iiduali!e land ownership and use# Procedures for doing so are affordable) clearl" specified) safeguarde

nts for the management and maintenance of this common propert"

ommunal4customar" land? 'o women hae the right to own land) use land) control land) use land for sp

nces =diorce) death of spouse) abandonment) etc#>? Are the rules different for communal or customar"

rticularl" when it comes to land rights for women? Which law is dispositie?

rt" rights) land laws) or personal laws or elsewhere#>

ion determined? Who is compensation paid to? Who has the right to compensation for the loss of rights

other heirs?

e the inheritance rights for women in those relationships?

nt =e#g# until she remarries or until her children are of the age of ma8orit">? Is it an ownership right? r is

or 8oint tenure>? If "es) does it onl" appl" to married couples or to all people who hae 8oint rights to land

is not? Is the famil" home included? What percentage of a husbands propert" do wies inherit if she ha

be registered and death certificate receied?

al =statutor"> marriage? What documents are re7uired for proof of marriage? What documents are re7ui

children of more than one wife? If "es) how is land =or other propert"> diided between the children?

hae an e7ual right to inherit propert"? 'oes this appl" to moable and immoable propert"? 'o the in

are? Are the" sub8ect to legal reiew? Who =which bod"?> has authorit" to goern land held under com

les?

ispute resolution) traditional courts) etc#>? If so) are the findings of those hearings used in the formal cou

ld) illage) clan) tribe) group? @ow are those rights different for men and women? What is the nature an

t if a woman is married) single) diorced) widowed) remarried) has children out of wedloc* or children fro

hat if a woman is married) single) diorced) widowed?> What is the nature and scope of this right? Is it d

t if a woman is married) single) diorced) widowed?> What is the nature and scope of this right? Is it diffe

the land? Cnder what circumstances? =What if a woman is married) single) diorced) widowed?> What




rights for the indiidual household? 0an those rights be transferred b" inheritance =or otherwise>?

r of the land?

nl" remain on the land4house until the time she remarries or until her children are of the age of ma8orit" o

sufficient budget) resources) and institutional capacit" for implementation

accessible b" the poor#

ministration) and the arbitration of an" disputes that ma" arise as a result of implementation of polic"#d nonoerlapping with those of other land sector agencies#

tentl" in a transparent manner#

=da"s) b" rural4urban>

it" =number>

propert" alue>

"s>

ual or compan" to conduct a propert" transaction within the formal s"stem ==A> /irst time registration4Tra

st for an indiidual or compan" to conduct a propert" transaction within the formal s"stem ==A> /irst tim

eidence are not aailable#

tentl" in a transparent manner#

consistentl") and transparentl"#

tlements?ressing or other official documents are gien to informal settlers#

to be registered?

? If "es) who receies the marital gift? =Possible recipients include: daughter) son) parents of daughter)

herits landXdaughters or sons? 'oes birth order matter? /or pol"gamous families) does order of marri

uch as a land title) deed or certificate re7uired? Is a death certificate re7uired?

where? Is this different for intestate and testate inheritance?




c#?

readil" accessible) largel" because land information is maintained in a uniform wa"#

" interested part"#

ost b" an" interested part"#

dards#

ormation s"stems

readil" accessible) largel" because land information is maintained in a uniform wa"#

" interested part"#

ost b" an" interested part"#

l fee) if an"#

dards#

h#

sure">>

lated facilities that the pro8ect ph"sicall" establishes or upgrades =Crban4$ural>

ewl" incorporated into an official land information s"stem =whether a s"stem for the propert" registr") ca#




o documents

ion program#

ts through certificates) titles) leases) or other recorded documentation b" goernment institutions or tradi

en recorded alues and mar*et prices across different uses and t"pes of users) and aluation rolls are r

ed for ta%ation#

d applied transparentl" based on clear regulation#

d on e7uit" or efficienc" grounds and applied in a transparent and consistent manner#

re e%plicitl" referenced in the report prepared b" the public bod" responsible for preparing the new publi

e e%plicitl" referenced in the report prepared b" the public bod" responsible for preparing the new public

ed on the basis of oerall public interest and that are enforced#

d on the basis of oerall public interest and that are enforced#

ed on the basis of oerall public interest and that are enforced#

d on the basis of oerall public interest and that are enforced#

this s"stem hae some recognition in the formal 8udicial or administratie dispute resolution s"stem#

d widel" *nown) and e%plicit rules for shifting from one to the other are in place to minimi!e the scope for




ties#

anner#

s?

d to be written>) identification documents) etc#

ial 8urisdiction) traditional dispute resolution actors recogni!ed for certain cases) etc#> 'o those forums h

s#

al authorities) contractors) mediators or courts with compact support

ms

is managed in a transparent and effectie wa"#

) enironmentall") and sociall" beneficial inestments and implement these effectiel"

#

tus =for e%ample) domestic or foreign>#

nseration> are regularl" used and transparentl" applied

is publicl" aailable

) enironmentall") and sociall" beneficial inestments and implement these effectiel"

uired? 'o both women and men hae access to the documents re7uired for eligibilit"? Are both women

to be registered?

udicatie bod" applies?

solution) location and hours of dispute resolution or enforcement bodies) comfort dealing with these s"s




lease) or inheritance? 0an the land be partitioned?

#>?

paid such that these people hae comparable assets and can continue to maintain prior social and eco

parable assets and can continue to maintain prior social and economic status#

eetings>K b> Notification =the future eictees are formall" notified in writing about the date and process o

>

ears#

ate ac7uisition

e terms of use for communal4customar" land?

house) or is there another arrangement? 'oes each wife hae her own piece of land allocated for her us

" brought to the marriage? If new land is purchased during marriage) who does it belong to?

ert"4assets?

ws) what does that child usuall" inherit?

de land? Who determines the amount?

matter whether or not she has children? 'oes it matter whether the children are girls or bo"s? If she has

ho decides this =e#g# husband) 8udge) tribal leader) etc#>? Is this decision appealable?

matter whether or not she has children? 'oes it matter whether the children are girls or bo"s? If she has




and issues#

this s"stem hae some recognition in the formal 8udicial or administratie dispute resolution s"stem#

this tool?

rs?

e#

) etc#>#

e "ears

ars

or for deelopment of new commercial) infrastructure or higher(end residential




confiscated or wrongfull" ac7uired

persK 1elf(arranged building =direct labouring or ia a deeloper>

o holds for wor*places

nd and natural resource use are ta*en through a process of local democratic goernance

urther sub(diided: public) corporation) religious institution) etc#> =0ore topic) see /A +,,.: --#H-,>

ner(li*e possessionK rented from someone elseK other t"pes of land tenure> =0ore topic) see /A +,,.:

ge for sericesK under other rental arrangements> =1upplementar" module topic) see /A +,,.: --#.3>#




owned) 0ooperatiel" owned) ther>> =0ore topic) see CN +,,H: +#GH(H->

part of housing unitK 2ember of household rents all or a part of housing unit as a main tenantK 2ember o

rated si!e) location) inestor countr") land use) crop) etc#>

use plans that are *ept up to date#

s that are *ept up to date#

sericed units and land as eidenced b" the fact that almost all new dwellings are formal#

ns is low#

population

d 7uic*l"# The 8ustice s"stem punishes those who unlawfull" confiscate priate propert"# There is no corr

nefits) use and sale of propert"?

and well protected b" law>

ersU cooperatiesK Persons not classifiable b" status> =0ore topic) see CN +,,H: +#-(3,>

h?




is sought and incorporated in the resulting polic"

particular groups?




es) are there specific grounds? Is there a mandator" set aside for children =meaning that the" cannot be

d) and followed in practice#

ecific purpose) use land at a specific time?

land than the" are for indiidual or household land?

?

it 5ownership li*e6 =e#g# long(term) secure use rights>? 0an she transfer the rights gained b" inheritance)

? If it onl" applies to married couples) what proof of marriage is re7uired? If there is not a right of surio

s children? What percentage of a husbands propert" do wies inherit if she has no children?

ed to register a marriage =birth certificates) residenc" certificates) etc#>? If no: What other t"pes of marria

estate proisions specificall" mention a daughters right to inherit land? Are a daughters rights to inherit

unal4customar" tenure?

t?

scope of rights for men and women who are members of or affiliated with the 5group6?

m another marriage?> What is the nature and scope of this right? Is it different from the rights of similarl

ifferent from the rights of similarl" situated men?

rent from the rights of similarl" situated men?

is the nature and scope of this right? Is it different from the rights of similarl" situated men?




r are married>?

nsfersK =B> 0ommercial4Non(commercial>

registration4TransfersK =B> 0ommercial4Non(commercial>

or parents of son#> If "es) who has control oer the marital gift once it is receied?

ge of the mothers affect inheritance?




dastre or an integrated s"stem>




itional authorities at national or local leels ==A> Crban4$uralK =B> 0ommunit"42ale=onl">4/emale =onl"> 4R

gularl" updated#

c plans# This report is publicl" accessible#

plans# This report is publicl" accessible#

forum shopping#




ae female representation?

and mens names on the documents re7uired for eligibilit"?

ems) social barriers) comple%it" of paperwor* re7uirements) etc#




nomic status#

f eiction>K c> $ecording =the eiction case is formall" recorded b" the police) local authorit" or an" goer

e? Are there an" restrictions on pol"gam" =e#g# number of wies) etc#>?

to return home) is land allocated to her? B" whom?

to return home) is land allocated to her? B" whom?




--#G.+>




f household rents a part of housing unit as a subtenantK ccupied free of rentK ther arrangement> =0or

ption or e%propriation




full" disinherited b" will>? If "es) what portion of the inheritance must be set aside?

sale) be7uest) gift) or otherwise? 'o wies hae a right to a lifetime use right to an" or all of the land =ho

rship) how is inheritance of 8ointl" held propert" handled? Are there limits to ph"sical partition of propert"

ges trigger the intestate law =e#g# customar" or religious>? What is re7uired for proof of these marriages

affected b" her marital status or a b" a change in her marital status? What are the rights to inherit of a d

situated men?




int male and female4Roint male4Roint female =Note that the disaggregations in B should be mutuall" e%cl




nment institution>K d> 0ompensation =compensation is proided to the eictee in the form of propert" or f




topic) see CN +,,H: +#.(3>




se) household garden) etc#>? Is land specificall" mentioned? @ow4who decides which land? What are t

in this or an" other law?

aughter from a subse7uent wife in a pol"gamous relationship?




usie and not include multiple selections#>>




nds>K e> $elocation =the eictee is relocated in a new safe accommodation>




e re7uirements? Are different use rights =e#g# the right to collect herbs or gra!e animals> accounted for?



7 %&'& sur(e#s


L/0/ surve,s published since %""+

/urve, topic -/urve, Albania &121

0ost recent co(pletion of i(ple(entation +,,.

ears elapsed

Dwellins Tenure status =ownership) rental) s7uatted) other> -

1i!e of dwelling -

;alue of dwelling =including rental alue> -

$ent paid -

'uration of occupation

Presence and t"pe of tenure documentation -

@ousehold members who are owners4hae name on document

$easons for not haing tenure documentation -

F%istence of dispute oer ownership

Aricultural land Tenure status =ownership) rental) sharecropping) s7uatted) othe -

Area of land owned4rented4used -

;alue of land owned =also rental alue>

$ent paid

2ode of ac7uisition -

$ight to sell4use as collateral

'uration of possession4use -

Presence and t"pe of tenure documentation -

$egistration of tenure

@ousehold members who are owners4hae name on document

&egal owner where land occupied without consent

Perception of tenure securit"

$eason for perception of tenure securit"F%perience of disputes) conflicts) inoluntar" tenure changes

$eceipt of compensation for read8ustment4e%propriation

T"pe4success of conflict resolution

0ontrol oer land use4use of outputs within household

Aricultural invest(ents Bt,pe and valueC -

Inco(e fro( real estate sales -

Inco(e fro( real estate rent -

Pa,(ent of land or real estate ta7

/hocks e7perienc &oss of land

Real propert, loss b, displaced persons

'o((unit,-level 6 'ocumentation or legal status of communal land

Prealence of tenure t"pes and documentation in communit"$easons for =lac* of> progress in documentation

&and ad8ustment and reallocations

0ompensation receied for read8ustment and reallocations

Inheritance of propert" b" men4women

Number of landless labourers in communit"



7 %&'& sur(e#s

+ G . H Armenia @ous A!erbai8an 1u &iing in Bosn Bra!il 1ure" Bulgaria 2ulti( 0hina(@eibei aFcuador(Fncu

-33 -33. +,,. -33. +,,H -33H -33

-H - - - -.

- - - - - - -

- - - -

- - -

- - - - -

- -

-

- - - - - - -

- - - - - - -

-

- -

-

-

- -

- - -

- - -

-

-

-



7 %&'& sur(e#s

3 -, -- -+ - -G -.Fthiopia($ural <hana liing s <uatemala FNIndia ( Cttar P Ira7 @ousehol Ramaica 1urea!a*hstan &i

+,-- -33 +,,, -33 +,,H -33H -33

+ -. - -. - -H

- - - - - - -

- -

- - -

- - - -

- -

- - -

-

- - - - - - -

- - - - - -

- - - -

- -

- - -

-

- -

- - -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -



7 %&'& sur(e#s

- -H - -3 +, +- ++"rg"!stan 2alawi Third I Nepal &iing 1Nicaragua(Fn Niger(lUFn7uZt Nigeria <@1(pPanama &iing

-33 +,-- +,-- +,,. +,-- +,-- +,,

-. + + + + .

- - - - - - -

- - -

- - - - - -

- - - - - - -

-

- - -

- -

-

- - - - - - -

- - - - - - -

- - - - - - -

- - - - - - -

- - - -

-

- - -

- - - - -

- -

- - - -

-

-

--

-

-

- - - -

- - - - - -

- -

- -

-



7 %&'& sur(e#s

+ +G +. + +H + +3Papua New < 1erbia &iing Ta8i*istan &i Tan!ania NatioTimor &este 1 Cganda Natio ;iet Nam @ou

-33 +,,H +,,3 +,-- +,,H +,-- +,,G

-H G + + 3

- - - - -

- - -

- -

- - - -

-

-

-

-

- - - - -

- - - - -

- - - - -

- - -

- -

-

- - -

- - -

-

- - -

- -

-

-

- - -

-

- - -

- - - - -

- -

-

-

-

--

-

-

-



7 %&'& sur(e#s

Total 0ean 'o((ents

3#H3-,G. There has been a recent wae of sure"s =H completed in +,-->

+H 5wnership6 and 5rental6 are often the onl" tenure categories considered#

- /loor area# Csuall" an estimate#

-. $espondent estimate of its mar*et price or what the" would hae to pa" to

+-

G

-, ften this is a simple 7uestion of whether the household has 5title6 =or e7ui

G ften it is as*ed which member of the household is the owner# 2ore rarel"

/or e%ample) cost of registration) ignorance of procedures) etc##

-

+H 5wnership6 and 5rental6 are often the onl" tenure categories considered)

+ This information is t"picall" disaggregated b" plot) and therefore b" tenure

- $espondent estimate of its mar*et price or what the" would hae to pa" to

-+ In cash or in *ind =including share(cropping>#

-- @ow the household came to own or use the land#

3

-G ften this is a simple 7uestion of whether the household has 5title6 =or e7ui

Whether tenure rights are also recorded b" a central authorit"# 1ometimes

3 ften it is as*ed which member of the household is the owner# 2ore rarel"

-

;er" different wa"s of formulating this 7uestion are used#

- i#e# the nature of the perceied ris*# This includes a wide range of situations) from disputes with neighbours an

+

- The Niger sure" as*s 7uite detailed 7uestions on the household histor" o

G It is not alwa"s clear whether the decision(ma*ing power referred to is 8ust

G

-+ This ma" be included in sections on agriculture) or sections on income sou

-H This ma" be included in sections on agriculture) or sections on income sou

H This is probabl" an underestimate of the fre7uenc" of this 7uestion#

2an" sure"s include a section on shoc*s or aderse situations and how

+ i#e# whether the" hae lost real estate assets in their place of origin#

- 1ure"s often include a 7uestionnaire to be answered b" communit" repre

G-

+

-

-

-



7 %&'& sur(e#s

rent it#

ialent term> or not# 1ometimes different local tenure categories are referred to#

a 7uestion on 8oint ownership is as*ed#

ut some sure"s hae referred to multiple local tenure categories# Information on agricultural land is t"pi

categor"

rent it#

ialent term> or not# 1ometimes different local tenure categories are referred to#

the tenure categories gien include registered and unregistered ersions#

a 7uestion on 8oint ownership is as*ed#

d relaties to land read8ustment in 0hina and e%propriation4reallocation for inestors or game reseres in

disputes#

oer agricultural use decisions =what crop to plant) etc#> or also oer resultant output and the disposal of

rces#

rces#

ouseholds cope with them# &oss of land is sometimes specified as one of a list of coded answers#

sentaties# This sometimes includes detailed 7uestions on land tenure in the communit"#



7 %&'& sur(e#s

icall" disaggregated b" plot or parcel) and therefore b" tenure categor") etc##

Tan!ania#

land assets#



8 )C* 2010


2orld 'ensus of Ariculture !$%$ round 3 surve, topics in

Fthiopia 2o!ambi7ue Niger $wanda Tan!ania

Gender of holder - - -

Ae of holder - - -

=thnicit, of holder

Area of holdins - - - - -

*wnership?rental - - -

Individual?collective -

Possession of title - -

Reistered tenure -

*ther tenure cateories - -

ow ac6uired> - - -



8 )C* 2010

a sa(ple

TotalFl 1alador <uatemala Nicaragua India &ao P'$ %$

- - - - - 1

- )

- - - &

- - - - - %$

- - - - .

- - &

- &

%

- - )

&

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