landforms · forces that shape landforms •there are 3 kinds of mountains: •dome mountains:...
TRANSCRIPT
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LANDFORMS
UNIT TWO| February 2019
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OUTCOME
9.2.1Demonstrate an understanding of the basic features of
Canada’s landscape and climate.
• identify and locate major landforms of Canada
• explain the creation and characteristics of mountains and plains
• describe and account for the variation in physical landscape across Canada
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NOTE-TAKING
• Work on your writing speed!
• Challenge yourself – how fast can you write your notes
(before they become incomprehensible henscratch)?
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WHAT IS A LANDFORM?
• The topography of the land’s surface.
• Topography: the natural features of the land.
• An area’s landforms together with its other features is its
landscape.
• Landscape: the shape of the land together with its cover of
vegetation, water, ice, and rock.
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FORCES THAT SHAPE LANDFORMS
• Canada’s topography is the result of four forces:
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FORCES THAT SHAPE LANDFORMS
1. Mountain Building
• When continental plates meet in a convergent boundary,
mountains can form.
• This is a building-up force.
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FORCES THAT SHAPE LANDFORMS
• Mountains can happen two ways when
plates collide:
1. The edges heave upward and
mountains are formed.
2. One plate slides under the other,
which allows magma to erupt from
volcanoes. When the magma cools,
mountains form.
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MT. ST. HELENS – 18 MAY 1980
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MT. ST. HELENS – 18 MAY 1980
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MT. ST. HELENS – 18 MAY 1980
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MT. ST. HELENS – 18 MAY 1980
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VIDEO
• Mt. St. Helens Eruption, May 18, 1980 (6:27)|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-H_HZVY1tT4
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FORCES THAT SHAPE LANDFORMS
• Do your best to draw a simple picture beside the
definition for each of the following 3 types of
mountains:
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FORCES THAT SHAPE LANDFORMS
• There are 3 kinds of mountains:
• Dome Mountains: formed by
magma pushing up through the
earth’s crust.
• Fold Mountains: formed at
convergent boundaries when plates
heave.
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FORCES THAT SHAPE LANDFORMS
• Fault Block mountains: formed when layers of
the earth react to forces that push on either side.
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FORCES THAT SHAPE LANDFORMS
2. Weathering: breakdown of rocks on the earth’s surface
from exposure to air, water, animals and plants.
• This is a wearing-down force.
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FORCES THAT SHAPE LANDFORMS
3. Erosion: the wearing down of the earth’s surface by running water,
waves, wind, and glaciers. Eroded particles are carried away.
• This is a wearing-down force.
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FORCES THAT SHAPE LANDFORMS
4. Deposition: deposits of eroded material to form new landforms.
• Final result of weathering and erosion.
• This is a building-up force.
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MAJOR CANADIAN LANDFORMS
• Handout| “Major Canadian Landforms”
• Read p. 26-29 in the textbook to find the information you need to
fill out the handout.
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MAJOR CANADIAN LANDFORMS
• Handout| “Major Canadian Landforms”
• Check your answers. Do you have at least the following
information on your handout?
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CANADIAN SHIELD
• How was it formed?
• Active volcanoes, plains, mountains.
• Erosion (water and ice) and deposition
(plate movement) created thick rock
• What natural resources exist here?
• Thin, acidic soils
• Some good farming land
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ARCTIC LOWLANDS
• How was it formed?
• Plateau and lowland plains – probably
through erosion/glaciation
• What natural resources exist here?
• Treeless
• Poorly drained soil
• Short growing season – lichen & moss
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INNUITIAN MOUNTAINS
• How was it formed?
• Colliding plates (mountains)
• Not yet worn by erosion
• What natural resources exist here?
• Too cold for trees
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WESTERN CORDILLERA
• How was it formed?
• Plates collide
• What natural resources exist here?
• Valleys – good soils
• Delta – rich soils
• Forest (on west facing slopes)
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APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS
• How was it formed?
• Mountains worn down by ice and
water
• What natural resources exist
here?
• Deep, fertile soils
• Deciduous trees
• Coniferous trees in north
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INTERIOR PLAINS
• How was it formed?
• Inland seas receded
• erosion
• What natural resources exist here?
• Sparse vegetation, cacti (southern
central)
• Deep soils (chernozem, 25cm deep,
black) – good for growing wheat
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GREAT LAKES – ST. LAWRENCE LOWLANDS
• How was it formed?
• faulting
• Flooded by Champlain sea
• When retreated left clay and sand leaving area level
• Erosion and deposition
• What natural resources exist here?
• Brown earth – fertile soil
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HUDSON BAY LOWLANDS
• How was it formed?
• Flat and poorly drained
• deposition
• What natural resources exist here?
• Tundra
• Podzols
• Swamp forests
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VIDEO
• Over Canada (DVD Trailer) (9:55)|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=refmdRuvZY8
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