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QNRM05241

Land and Agricultural Suitability AssessmentLand and Agricultural Suitability Assessmentof the Boonah Areaof the Boonah Area

South East QueenslandSouth East Queensland

JK Loi, SC Griffiths and W Steentsma

Land Resources Bulletin

Land and Agricultural Suitability Assessment of the Boonah Area

South East Queensland

JK Loi, SC Griffiths and W Steentsma Catchment and Regional Planning

Department of Natural Resources and Mines Brisbane 2005

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QNRM05241 ISSN 1327-5763 This publication is for limited distribution. It is intended as an aid for strategic planning by the Boonah shire council and other stakeholders in the shire. The information in this report is derived from 1:50 000 scale land resource mapping which is an adequate scale for planning purposes. In assessing individual applications for subdivision a detailed assessment of land resources is usually necessary. Explicit evaluation of economic factors such as the size of production units or crop viability have not been included in the suitability assessment as they are not considered relevant to the quality of the land resource (State Planning Policy 1/92). This study was partly funded by the Natural Heritage Trust. This report is intended to provide information only on the subject under review. There are limitations inherent in land resource studies, such as accuracy in relation to map scale and assumptions regarding socio-economic factors for land evaluation. Before acting on the information conveyed in this report, readers should ensure that they have received adequate professional information and advice specific to their enquiry. While all care has been taken in the preparation of this report neither the Department of Natural Resources and Mines nor its officers or staff accepts any responsibility for any loss or damage than may result in any inaccuracy or omission in the information contained herein. � The State of Queensland, Department of Natural Resources and Mines 2005 Department of Natural Resources and Mines Locked Bag 40 Coorparoo DC Qld 4151

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Contents Page

List of tables iv List of figures v List of photographs v List of maps v Summary vi

1. INTRODUCTION 1

2. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 4

Community profile 4 Geology and terrain 4 Climate 10 Hydrology 11 Land use and vegetation 14

3. METHODOLOGY 16

Soil mapping 16 Soil analysis 16 Land suitability evaluation 17 Resource inventory 17

4. SOILS 18

Very shallow Soils less than 0.25 m deep 18 Soils on level to undulating plains 19 Soils on undulating rises to steep hills and mountains 25 Chemical properties 31

5. LAND DEGRADATION 44

Salinity 44 Sodicity 46 Soil erosion and mass wasting 47 Weeds 48

6. LAND EVALUATION 50

Land suitability for agriculture 50 Limitations and land suitability assessment 50 Agricultural land classes 57 Assessment for on-site sewage effluent disposal 59 Suitability of soils for sewage effluent disposal 60

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 62

REFERENCES 63

APPENDICES 67

Appendix 1. Soil profile classes (SPC) 67 Appendix 2.Morphological and analytical data of representative soils in the boonah area 111 Appendix 3. Land suitability classification for selected crops 131 Appendix 4. Limitation subclasses of soils for cropping in the Boonah area 141 Appendix 5. Land suitability for selected crops and agricultural land classes of the Boonah area 144 Appendix 6. Laboratory methods used to analyse soil samples 173 Appendix 7. UMAs with soils suitable for sewage effluent disposal 174 Appendix 8. Common and botanical name of grasses, pasture species, weeds and trees 176

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List of tables

Table 1. Geological unit and lithologies in the Boonah area 8 Table 2. Area of terrain types in the Boonah area 9 Table 3. Climate − rainfall, evaporation and raindays data for four selected stations 10 Table 4. Climate − temperatures (0C) data for three selected stations 11 Table 5. Discharge data of Warrill Creek at Aratula Weir* 12 Table 6. Discharge data of Warrill Creek at Kalbar No.2* 12 Table 7. Discharge data of Teviot Brook at Croftby* 13 Table 8. Discharge data of Burnett Creek at Maroon tailwater 13 Table 9. Land use of the Boonah area 15 Table 10. Main characteristics of the soils developed on alluvia of level to gently undulating plains 21 Table 11. Main characteristics of soils developed on sedimentary rocks 27 Table 12. Main characteristics of soils developed on acid, intermediate and basic igneous rocks 29 Table 13. Chemical properties of the surface layer of soils on alluvial plains 31 Table 14. Chemical properties of the surface layer of soils developed on sedimentary rocks 32 Table 15. Chemical properties of surface layer of soils developed on acid to basic igneous rocks 32 Table 16. Selected properties of Bremer, Lockrose and Maroon soils developed on alluvial plains 35 Table 17. Relative abundance of cations and total major elements in the subsoils of soils on

the alluvial plains 37 Table 18. Selected properties of soils developed on sedimentary rocks 39 Table 19. Relative abundance of cations and total major elements in subsoil of soils on sedimentary rocks 41 Table 20. Selected characteristics of soils developed on acid, intermediate and basic igneous rocks 42 Table 21. Relative abundance of cations and total major elements in subsoil of soils on igneous rocks 43 Table 22. Area of land (ha) affected by different levels of salinity in soils on alluvial plains and on rises,

hills and mountains 44 Table 23. Soil salinity rating for four ranges of soil clay content (DNR 1997) 45 Table 24. Tolerance of selected crops to irrigation water of different salinity levels 45 Table 25. Salinity and sodicity rating at defined depths of selected soils in the Boonah area 47 Table 26. Area of land (ha) affected by different levels of sodicity on alluvial plains and on rises,

hills and mountains 47 Table 27. Common weeds in the Boonah area in alphabetical order 49 Table 28. Crops assessed in the Boonah area 50 Table 29. Crop requirements and limitations in the Boonah area 51 Table 30. Land suitability class for various crops and agricultural land class of soils in the Boonah area 53 Table 31. Area (ha) and percentage of each suitability class for each crop 58 Table 32. Area (ha) and percentage of each suitability class for each crop on the alluvial soils 58 Table 33. Area of agricultural land classes in the Boonah area 60 Table 34 Suitability rating for on-site effluent disposal 61 Table 35. Soil permeability for various soil textural classes 61

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List of Figures Figure 1. Location of the Boonah Area 3 Figure 2. Geology of the Boonah area 5 Figure 3. Salinity and sodicity of Bremer soils 33 Figure 4. Salinity and sodicity of Lockrose soils 34 Figure 5. Salinity and sodicity of Maroon soils 34 Figure 6. Salinity and sodicity of Rockville soils on sedimentary rocks 38 Figure 7. Salinity and sodicity of Toohill soils on sedimentary rocks 40 Figure 8. Salinity and sodicity of Churchbank soils on basic igneous rocks 42

List of photographs

Photo 1. Dairy cattle grazing in the foreground and cultivation on the alluvial plains in the background 2

Photo 2. Sedimentary rocks outcrop in an eroded valley 6 Photo 3. Range of landforms in the Boonah area showing alluvial plains, rises, hills and mountains 9 Photo 4. Goat farm in the Boonah area 14 Photo 5. An alluvial soil on a creek bank developed from stratified alluvial deposits 19 Photo 6. A lateral gully head forming in an eroding creek bank 48 Photo 7. Gully erosion initiated by cattle track 48 Photo 8. Rockiness, a moderate limitation for carrot on this alluvial soil 51 Photo 9. Contrast between good quality agricultural land (Class A and/or B) and

non-agricultural land (Class D) in the background 58

List of maps Included in this report:

1. Soils and landform (Scale: 1:50 000) NR&M Ref No: BNH_I_P 3372 2. Land use (Scale 1:100 000) NR&M Ref No: BNH_I_P 3374 3. Agricultural land classes (Scale 1:100 000) NR&M Ref No: BNH_I_P 3373

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Summary

The land resources of the Boonah area, located south of Ipswich and south-west of Brisbane, have been assessed at a medium intensity level of 1:50 000 scale, and the steep country at 1:100 000. The area covers 143 000 ha and is drained by, from north to south, Warrill Creek, Teviot Brook, Burnett Creek and their tributaries. About 16% of the area comprises alluvial plains with mainly fine-textured alluvial soils. The rises, hills and mountains comprise soils developed from mainly sedimentary rocks, with intermediate and basic igneous rocks along the western boundary and acid igneous rocks in the central and southern portions. The upland soils are also predominantly fine-textured with their morphological and chemical characteristics mainly influenced by the lithology. Beef cattle grazing, covering just more than 50% of the area, is the dominant land use. Cultivated crops represent only about 5% of the area. The distribution of land uses in the area is shown in a 1:100 000 scale Land Use map. The soil and land characteristics of some 1104 sites were fully described for the two broad groups of soils: soils on level to gently undulating plains and soils on undulating rises to steep hills and mountains. A total of 74 soils, with 39 of them on alluvial plains, were classified and mapped. These soils together with aerial photograph interpretation allowed the identification and mapping of 1331 unique map areas (UMA). The distribution of soils and landforms is shown in the Soils and Landform map at 1:50 000 scale. All site, soil and UMA data were stored in SALI databases. The morphology of all soils was detailed in soil profile classes (SPC) and is given in Appendix 1. The main soils were sampled, analysed and detailed chemical properties interpreted for their nutrient levels and any adverse effects on cropping. The detailed morphology and chemical properties of these soils are given in Appendix 2. Land degradation is mainly related to salinity and sodicity, which generally occur together and are associated with high soil pH. Each UMA was assessed for its suitability for a whole range of climatically suitable crops. A total of 13-17% of the area is class 2 and 3 lands suitable for a wide range of climatically adapted crops listed in Table 31; and only 2.5% of the area is suitable class 2 and 3 lands for avocado and mango. A total of 81–94% of the alluvial soils is suitable for barley, beetroot, brassica, carrot, cucurbits, lucerne, sorghum and soybean. Therefore the good quality agricultural land (DHLGP 1992) is mainly confined to the alluvial plains. Land suitability maps for all the 16 crops assessed are available on request to NR&M, Indooroopilly. With reference to the Planning Guidelines (DPI/DHLGP 1993) on agricultural land classes (ALC), there is only 13% Class A land (crop land). Class B land (limited crop land) occupies 27 898 ha or about 19% of the area. There is little Class C1 land (improved pasture land) (<1%), but Class D land (non agricultural land) occupies the bulk of the area at 67%. Class D land represents areas unsuitable for all crops considered in this study. Taking alluvial soils only, Class A land occupies 18 782 ha or 84% of the alluvial plains or about 98% of all the Class A land in the whole area. More Class B land, 24 854 ha occurs on undulating rises to low rolling hills as compared to 3044 ha on the alluvial plains. Both classes A and B are considered good quality agricultural land. ALC of the Boonah area in the order of UMA number are shown in Appendix 5. The distribution of ALC in the Boonah area is depicted on the Agricultural Land Classes map at 1:100 000 which accompanies this report. Soils and terrain in the area have also been assessed for sewage effluent disposal. A list of the UMAs and soils suitable for sewage effluent disposal is given in Appendix 7. The assignment of the ALC and suitability of UMA for sewage effluent disposal are based on a medium intensity survey at the scale of 1:50 000, which is sufficient for planning purposes. In assessing individual applications for subdivision and sites suitable for sewage effluent disposal, a more detailed on-site survey is usually necessary.

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1. INTRODUCTION

The Fassifern District, which included the present day Boonah Shire (the study area), was divided into six station runs, Dugandan, Fassifern, Tarome, Moogerah, Coochin Coochin and Maroon. The legacy of these original runs, richly endowed with attractive geographical features, still remains today with various localities and features throughout the Shire still bearing these names, some of which were of aboriginal origin. The District was first settled in the 1840s not long after explorers Logan, Cunningham and Fraser had recorded the area in 1827 and 1828. The highest rate of settlement occurred between the 1860s and 1880s with increased surveying due to a bold immigration and land policy. It is believed that these initiatives led to the development of the scrub areas in the district, outside of the large pastoral holdings. Settlers came from Germany, England, Scotland and Ireland with most finding life in the Fassifern area more difficult than anticipated (Pfeffer 1991). Recently, two dams, Moogerah and Maroon, have been constructed which have assisted local landholders by providing a more reliable water supply to irrigate their crops. Townships such as Boonah, Kalbar, Harrisville and others use the water supply from these dams. The major user of water from Moogerah Dam has been Swanbank Power Station. Maroon Dam provides landholders with irrigation water in the Maroon area as well as providing drinking water for townships such as Rathdowney, Beaudesert and Kooralbyn. The great variety of terrain and soil types is largely responsible for the diverse array of primary production as well as the uneven density of population in rural areas. Most agriculture occurs on the alluvial plains on the northern portion, which is also more populated. These plains, although prone to flooding, are fertile and topographically superior. The southern portion is less populated due to the rugged topography. For quite some time, increasing numbers of the younger generation have not been remaining on the family farm. They do not see agriculture as a reliable income earner, with expenses increasing and revenue decreasing. Ecotourism is becoming more popular for the Boonah Shire as many people from south-east Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria wish to visit and see its rural setting and fauna and flora, some of which is endangered. Only limited land resource assessment has been carried out in the Boonah area. Previous surveys include:

1. CSIRO work covering the northern portion of the area mapped at 1:63 360 (Paton 1971); 2. Irrigation suitability of Teviot Brook area at 1:100 000 (Christianos et al. 1986); 3. Soils of Kalbar District at 1:25 000 (Powell 1979), of which no additional work is done here; 4. Bremer catchment land degradation study at 1:100 000 (Johnston 1979); 5. Land management planning of Kalbar 1 catchment at 1:25 000 (Steentsma 1992); and 6. Understanding and Managing Soils in the Moreton Region (Noble ed. 1996)

The present medium intensity, land resource survey and assessment at the mapping scale of 1:50 000 aimed to:

1. Provide long-term, baseline land resource information on soils, landform, land use and land degradation of the area;

2. Provide land suitability for a wide range of land uses based on physical and chemical attributes of soils and landform;

3. Provide land resource information in GIS format to support regional, catchment and local planning to improve future resource management strategies and actions, and supplement decision support;

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4. Complement the land resource inventory of the Fassifern Interest Group which is primarily focussed on the vegetation resource; and

5. Identify good quality agricultural land in the shire. The Boonah area is basically a grazing country for beef and dairy cattle with crops only cultivated on the level to gently undulating alluvial plains (Photo 1).

Photo 1. Dairy cattle grazing in the foreground and cultivation on the alluvial plains in the background The Boonah land resource assessment area which covers an area of about 143 000 ha (excluding the Kalbar area, Powell 1979 and recently extended boundary of the Boonah shire) is located south of Ipswich, south-west of Brisbane, and the southern boundary abuts New South Wales border. It is bounded by latitudes 270 50’ S and 280 20’ S, and longitudes 1520 25’ E and 1520 55’ E. The location of the Boonah area is shown in Figure 1.

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Figure 1. Location of the Boonah Area

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2. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

Community profile

As at 30 June 2001, the estimated resident population of Boonah was 8260, representing 0.2% of the State’s population (OESR 2003). Population projections by the Department of Local Government and Planning in 2001 indicate that the population of Boonah will increase to 9388 in 2021. The total gross value of agricultural production in Boonah for the 1998�99 financial year was $31.8 million, representing 0.5% of Queensland total. Crops comprised 56.6% of the total, while livestock sales were 24.5% and livestock products 18.9%. The total value of crops in the same period represented 0.5% of the value of crops produced in Queensland, 0.3% of the value of Queensland’s livestock disposal and 1.1% of the value of livestock products. A majority of businesses in Boonah were in agriculture, forestry and fishing industry. Employment in the area has been mostly provided by the private sector (ABS 1996). The overall unemployment rate in Boonah at the time of the 1996 Census was 8.4%, compared with 9.7% for Queensland. Geology and terrain The geological mapping of the Boonah shire has been obtained from the digital copies of the geology of Ipswich and Mt Lindesay 1:100 000 sheets. Geological descriptions have been derived from commentary of Ipswich 1:100 000 sheet (Cranfield et al. 1989) and explanatory notes of Warwick 1:250 000 sheet (Olgers 1985) which includes the Mt Lindesay 1:100 000 sheet. The geological units listed on these sheets were grouped in terms of the lithology, which influence the formation of soils in the area. Rock classifications used below are those of Crook (1960) for sandstone and Streckeisen (1976) for igneous rocks. This grouping of the lithology, which is used for the classification of the soils in the Boonah area, is shown in Figure 2. The areas of different levels of alluvia (Qa, Qha/1, Qpa units) have not been shown in Figure 2 because the individual units are too small to be cartographically delineated. The geological units and lithology in the area are summarised in Table 1. The present landform is the result of geomorphological processes of repeated cycles of deep weathering, uplift, and erosion from the mid-Tertiary to the present (Watkins 1967, and Lister 1967 quoted in Cranfield el al. 1989). Subsequent pedogenesis resulted in the current suite of soils. The parent material, which has a strong influence on the soil characteristics and chemical properties, has been used primarily for the grouping of soils for classification purposes.

Alluvia

The Quaternary alluvium comprises clay, silt, sand and minor gravel (Figure 2). The alluvial plains adjacent to the streams in the area are much more extensive than could be deposited by the present stream action. The material was deposited in the previous cycles of erosion and deposition. During the low sea level periods of Pleistocene glacial intervals, valley erosion cycles produced base levels up to 30 m below present sea level (Beckmann 1973). In interglacial intervals, when sea levels might have been higher than the present one, wide tracts of alluvial deposits filled these valleys, and a series of river terraces was developed. Qa refers to the alluvial floodplains, which are recognisable as the present river flats. Qha/1 represents the lower river terrace of Holocene age. Qpa represents the high level alluvial terraces formed in the Pleistocene, which can be delineated on aerial photographs. These high level alluvial terraces probably represent the remnants of the Lower Erosion Surface which occurs 15−60 m above present sea level (Watkins 1967). The Erosion Surface is probably related to interglacial periods of high sea level and subsequent erosion during the glacial period when there was a lowering of sea level and land uplift. Pedogenesis of these rather variable alluvia, which cover the level to gently undulating plains and terraces formed by the drainage and erosion since the last glacial period, produced a range of soil types.

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Figure 2. Geology of the Boonah Area

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TQW represents sloping surfaces or pediments of soil and rock scree derived from previous mass wasting (landslides, erosion and deposition) of different lithology from the underlying rock type. The area is characterised by a distinct slope change and is localised. The scree surrounding Mt French is derived from rhyolite. The landform is identified on a local scale as undulating rises.

Sedimentary rocks

Sedimentary rocks (Photo 2) are the main lithology of the Boonah area, covering extensive areas. They comprise mainly shale of the Walloon Coal Measures and sandstone of the Marburg Formation. The sedimentary rocks occupy terrain with varied landform and topography, from undulating rises to steep hills and mountains.

Photo 2. Sedimentary rocks outcrop (fine-grained sandstone) in an eroded valley

Marburg Formation (Jbm) The Marburg Formation (Jbm) conformably overlies the Woogaroo Sub-Group and is conformably overlain by the Walloon Coal Measures. In the Boonah area, Jbm is mainly confined to the eastern portion of the Shire and occupies rolling to very steep hills and mountains. The Jbm occupies the high peaks of Mount Joyce at 479 m elevation and Mount Moy at 356 m in the north-eastern portion of the area. The Formation consists of a sequence of interbedded sandstone, siltstone, mudstone and conglomerate, with minor thin coal seams deposited in a moderately low energy environment (Cranfield et al. 1976). The sandstones are well bedded, mainly feldspathic and lithic, sublabile to labile, light to medium grey, and fine to medium-grained. The presence of feldspathic and lithic, sublabile to labile sandstone as a dominant lithology in the Formation suggests rapid erosion and deposition in a fluviatile environment. The age of the Jbm has been determined by palynological evidence to be Early Jurassic. Tertiary igneous rocks and sedimentary rocks unconformably overlie the Marburg Formation in the south-eastern portion as very steep mountains, Mount Moy (833 m) and Mount Maroon (966 m). The igneous rocks are rhyolite, trachyte, granophyre and minor gabbro and dolerite.

Woogaroo Subgroup (RJbw) The Woogaroo Subgroup consists of quartzose sandstone, siltstone, shale, conglomerate and minor coal laid down during the Triassic–Jurassic age in a mainly fluviatile environment with periodic high energy levels. The decline in energy of the environment continued during the deposition of the Walloon Coal Measures in the Middle Jurassic. This Subgroup of mainly arenaceous rocks is mapped with the Marburg Formation (Figure 2).

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Bryden Formation (Ry) The Bryden Formation has minor occurrence in the area and is mapped with the Marburg Formation (Figure 2). It consists of conglomerate, sandstone and shale, laid down in a fluviatile environment with contemporary basalt and tuff during the Triassic.

Walloon Coal Measures (Jw) The Walloon Coal Measures (Jw) of the Middle Jurassic rest conformably on the Marburg Formation. It is the most extensive unit in the area and covers most of the Boonah Shire. Minor acid and intermediate rocks were intruded in the Upper Jurassic. Tertiary hypabyssal rocks also intrude the unit, particularly in the Fassifern Valley area. The Jw were deposited by low energy streams with attendant coal swamps in the floodplain (Cranfield et al. 1989). Their lithology comprises grey mudstone, siltstone, fine-grained labile sandstone, and thin coal seams and minor limestone. The sandstone is fine-grained, thick-bedded and friable, and consists of feldspar and lithic grains of andesitic material in a montmorillonite matrix. The presence of fresh andesitic fragments and montmorillonite as matrix in the sandstone indicates contemporaneous vulcanism. In the Boonah area the Jw are intruded by andesite in a thin bed apparently conformable with the sediments. Mudstone occurs with sandstone and siltstone as thin interbeds or in thicker massive beds with kaolinite as the dominant clay mineral. An abundance of volcaniclastic material in both the Marburg Formation and Walloon Coal Measures indicates rapid erosion and relatively short transport from a nearby source.

Igneous intrusives and extrusives

The intermediate and basic igneous intrusions and extrusions occur along the western boundary and scattered throughout the Boonah Shire. Dolerite (Tid) occurs as sills and dykes extensively intruding the Walloon Coal Measures along the valley of Warrill Creek. It is often deeply weathered and forms rounded low hills. Dolerite also occurs south of Peak Crossing and near Milbong. Syenite (Tis) crops out extensively in the Fassifern Valley. This rock type forms rolling low hills, and occurs as large sills and dykes, some of which contain layers of fine-grained trachyandesite (Tia). The syenite is an altered, pink to cream, fine to medium-grained, intermediate igneous rock. Basaltic andesite (Til) also occurs in this area. Fine-grained, dark grey, basaltic andesite crops out in several small bodies north-west of Aratula. Amberley Basin volcanics (Tv/1) is of minor extent in the area. It is dark, khaki brown, weathered basalt. Evidence from bores suggests that laterite has developed locally over basalt flows. The laterite is probably a remnant of the ‘Lower Erosion Surface’ of Watkins (1967). Outliers of basaltic volcanics (Tv/2) occur at Mount Walker and along Woolaman Creek and Teviot Brook. A thick rhyolite (Tir) sill occurs at Mt French. The rhyolite is a hard, fine-grained, cream to yellow acid volcanic rock, which is resistant to weathering, and forms a plateau surface at Mount French. The trachyte of acid volcanic plugs (Tit), intruding into the Marburg Formation, is pink and cream, porphyritic and resistant to weathering to form high hills and peaks in the south-eastern portion of the Boonah area. The acid volcanic and igneous rocks of trachyte, rhyolite and granophyre occur unconformably throughout the Walloon Coal Measures, south of Mt French. They generally occupy the high points of the landscape.

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Table 1. Geological unit and lithologies in the Boonah area Origin of parent

material Geological unit code

Geological unit and lithology Age

Alluvia Qa Clay, silt, sand, gravel; flood plain alluvium Holocene Qha/1 Clay, silt, sand, gravel; lower river terrace Holocene Qpa Clay, silt, sand, gravel; high level alluvium Pleistocene TQw Pediment slope wash, clay, scree, soil Tertiary-

Quaternary Sedimentary rocks

Jbm Marburg Formation: lithofeldspathic labile and sublabile sandstone, siltstone, shale, minor coal

Early Jurassic

Jbmg Gatton Sandstone: lithic labile and feldspathic labile sandstone

Jurassic

Jbmk Koukandowie Formation: lithofeldspathic labile and sublabile to quartzose sandstone, siltstone, shale, minor coal

Jurassic

Js Woodenbong beds: sandstone, siltstone, conglomerate

Jurassic-Cretaceous

Jw Walloon Coal Measures: shale, siltstone, sandstone, coal seams

Jurassic

RJbw Woogaroo Subgroup: quartzose sandstone, siltstone, shale, conglomerate, coal

Triassic-Jurassic

Ry Conglomerate, sandstone, basalt, tuff, shale Triassic Cy Mount Barney Beds: sandstone, siltstone,

mudstone, conglomerate, acid volcanics, calc-silicate rocks

Carboniferous

Tfl Flinders Dolomite: magnesian limestone Tertiary Acid volcanic

Tbc Mount Barney Central Complex: rhyolite, minor trachyte, pyroclastics and volcaniclastics

Tertiary

and acid Tbgr Mount Barney Central Complex: granophyre Tertiary intrusive rocks Tbsr Mount Barney Central Complex: rhyolite, minor

trachyte, volcaniclastics Tertiary

Ti Rhyolite Tertiary Tip Rhyolite, trachyte, minor diorite and andesite Tertiary Tir* Rhyolite Eocene Intermediate

Tbga Mount Barney Central Complex: gabbro, dolerite Tertiary

to basic volcanic Tfa Albert Basalt: olivine basalt Tertiary and intrusive Tid* Dolerite, basalt Oligocene igneous rocks Til* Basaltic andesite Eocene Tm Main Range Volcanics: olivine basalt, minor

agglomerate, shale, mudstone, sandstone Tertiary

Tv/1 Amberley Basin Basalt Tertiary Tv/2 Basalt, minor volcanic breccia Tertiary Tia* Trachyandesite Oligocene Tis* Syenite Paleocene Tit Trachyte Paleocene Tm/t Main Range Volcanics: trachyte Tertiary

Source: Cranfield et al. 1976, 1989; Olgers 1985 * hypabyssal intrusions

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Terrain The terrain in the Boonah area is classified according to relief and modal slope of Speight (in McDonald et al. 1990). For the present study, the rolling terrain (slope 10−32%) is further divided into three categories of 10−15, 15−20 and 20−32% slopes to assist in the evaluation of the agricultural potential of the area. Table 2. Area of terrain types in the Boonah area Terrain types Terrain

code Area (ha)

% of alluvial plains

% of total area

Alluvial plains

Level (<1% slope) LP 14 815 66.5 10.4 Gently undulating (1–3%slope) GP 5075 22.8 3.5 Undulating (3–10% slope) UP 2396 10.7 1.7

Total 22 286 100.0 15.6 Gently undulating rises to very steep hills and mountains % of rises, hills

and mountains

Gently undulating rises (1–3 % slope) GR 307 0.3 0.2 Undulating rises and low hills (3–10% slope)` UR, UL 6061 5.1 4.2 Rolling rises and low hills (10–15% slope) R1R, RIL 6275 5.3 4.4 Rolling rises and low hills (15–20% slope) R2R, R2L 15 449 13.0 10.8 Rolling rises, low hills and hills (20–32% slope) R3R, R3L,

R3H 13 714 11.4 9.6

Steep hills and mountains (32–56% slope) SH, SM 74 340 62.6 52.0 Very steep hills and mountains (>56% slope) VH, VM 2675 2.3 1.9

Total 118 820 100.0 83.1 Miscellaneous (dam, lake, stream channel, urban area etc.) 1935 1.3

Grand total 143 041 100.0 Air-photos were used for delineation of modal slope classes, supplemented by slope readings on the ground. The extent of different relief and modal slope classes is shown in Table 2. The generally level alluvial plains occupy nearly 16% of the total area. The remainder comprises mainly of steep hills and mountains and rolling terrain. A typical range of landforms is shown in Photo 3. Photo 3. Range of landforms in the Boonah area showing alluvial plains, rises, hills and mountains

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Climate

Due to incomplete records in some stations, climatic data has been used from four stations, three outside the study area. Rainfall, evaporation and raindays data are shown in Table 3. Mean monthly rainfall at Gatton, Ipswich, Moogerah Dam and Boonah Stark Ave are similar, ranging within 820−960 mm, with the lowest in Gatton and highest in Moogerah Dam. Moogerah Dam is in the central portion of the area, while Gatton and Ipswich are outside the area to the north-west and north. All the stations recorded lowest rainfall in June to September with more rain in the other months of the year, and the highest rainfall in December and January (Table 3). The pattern of rainfall distribution is also reflected in the lowest monthly, zero rainfall from June to September. Where data is available, the mean number of raindays is the highest from October to March. The mean monthly evaporation ranges from a low of 80−96 mm in June and July to a high of about 188−236 mm in December and January. Comparing the lowest monthly rainfall with evaporation, any single month of the year could experience moisture deficits with April to September the worst. The survival of dryland crops in these critical months would depend on the actual amount of moisture in the soil before the drought period and the ability of the soil to retain the moisture in a form available to the plant. Table 3. Climate − rainfall, evaporation and raindays data for four selected stations

Statistic Station* Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Mean (mm) Gatton

Ipswich Moogerah

Boonah

116 125 146 122

103 120 129 114

70 101

93 94

60 63 57 48

70 51 59 49

32 51 45 44

42 44 47 40

28 33 32 31

32 42 7

36

70 66 79 72

90 78

100 89

105 106 123 122

816 877 959 865

Highest monthly

Gatton Ipswich

482 780

278 747

175 585

364 360

440 309

196 443

301 236

100 327

90 140

242 425

213 270

267 405

Lowest monthly

Gatton Ipswich

22.6 10.9

14.8 2.8

4.4 0.5

0.0 0.0

2.6 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

8.8 0.3

4.4 4.1

30.9 8.1

Highest daily Gatton Ipswich

199 340

153 210

71 190

86 135

124 153

78 110

181 190

38 70

41 88

78 120

83 75

113 165

Monthly evaporation

Gatton Moogerah

229 188

176 152

192 149

153 110

102 92

87 80

96 85

124 107

162 138

198 157

207 171

236 189

1963 1617

Mean No. raindays

Gatton Ipswich Boonah

10.7 9.9 8.6

10.6 10.0

8.1

9.4 10.3

7.6

7.4 7.8 4.5

8.5 6.7 4.6

5.6 5.2 4.3

6.2 5.3 4.1

6.0 5.0 3.7

5.4 5.6 4.7

8.5 7.4 6.9

10.0 8.1 7.3

9.6 9.0 8.4

97.8 90.3 76.2

Source: Bureau of Meteorology Australia, 2001 *Gatton QDPI Research Station: Latitude: -27.5456 S Longitude: 152.3286 E Elevation: 93.0 m 1968−2001 Ipswich: Latitude: -27.6167 S Longitude: 152.7583 E Elevation: 39.9 m 1870−2001 Moogerah Dam: Latitude: -28.0317 S Longitude: 152.5517 E Elevation: 183.0 m 1917−2001. Evaporation data from 1967−2001 Boonah Stark Ave: Latitude: -27.9925 S Longitude: 152.6920 E Elevation: 70.0 m 1898−2001

Temperature data is not available from stations in the Boonah area. Temperature data from the nearest stations at Gatton, Ipswich and Beaudesert is shown in Table 4. The mean daytime temperature ranges from a low (at 9 a.m.) of 11−19oC to a high (at 3 p.m.) of 19−25oC in the months of May to September. The rest of the year has a low of 21−26oC and a high of 25−31oC, with relatively higher temperatures in December and January. The humidity is consistently higher (59−79%) in the morning than in the afternoon (37−58%). The mean daily maximum and minimum temperatures are also shown in Table 4. The highest maximum temperatures of 42−45oC occur in October to January and the lowest minimum (0.2−-5.5oC) in June to August. Other months are within these two extremes. Heat waves with temperatures in excess of 35oC occur in September to April, with the highest number of heat wave days in November to February. Temperatures below 2oC occur in May to September with the highest number of days in July. These correspond well with the number of frost days, also shown in Table 4.

11

Table 4. Climate − temperatures (0C) data for three selected stations Station* Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year

Mean temp Gatton 25.6 24.9 23.8 20.8 17.0 13.4 12.5 14.2 18.1 21.4 23.6 25.1 20.0 (9 a.m.) Ipswich

B’desert 26.4 25.7

25.8 25.0

24.4 23.5

20.9 20.9

16.9 16.2

13.7 12.7

12.8 11.6

14.7 13.8

19.0 17.7

22.5 21.4

25.0 23.7

26.1 25.3

20.6 19.8

% Humidity Gatton 72 75 74 74 79 78 76 71 66 66 66 69 72 (9 a.m.) Ipswich

B’desert 66 69

69 71

69 73

70 72

73 77

73 79

72 77

66 72

61 68

59 64

59 63

61 64

67 71

Mean temp (3 p.m.) Ipswich

B’desert 30.9 28.7

29.5 28.2

28.5 26.9

25.8 26.3

23.1 22.4

20.8 20.4

20.6 19.5

21.9 21.5

24.6 23.1

26.4 25.3

28.2 27.7

29.7 29.4

25.3 25.0

% Humidity (3 p.m.)

Ipswich B’desert

53 54

54 58

53 54

52 48

53 50

48 46

47 44

40 37

41 41

45 47

49 45

52 49

49 48

Mean daily maximum

Gatton Ipswich

B’desert

31.4 32.1 30.7

30.5 31.0 30.0

29.7 29.9 29.2

27.0 27.3 27.6

23.7 24.0 23.8

21.0 21.4 21.5

20.5 21.2 21.1

22.2 22.9 22.4

25.3 25.9 24.6

27.8 28.5 27.0

29.9 30.8 29.4

31.3 31.9 30.7

26.6 27.1 26.5

Mean daily minimum

Gatton Ipswich

B’desert

19.3 19.9 19.2

19.2 19.7 18.6

17.3 18.3 17.2

14.0 14.5 13.5

11.1 10.9 9.8

7.5 8.1 6.6

6.3 6.9 5.3

6.8 7.6 6.3

9.6 10.7 9.1

13.0 14.2 12.8

15.8 16.9 15.9

18.1 18.8 17.6

13.1 13.7 12.6

Highest Max Temp

Gatton Ipswich

B’desert

44.2 43.4 40.0

39.5 40.6 38.9

39.5 38.3 36.6

36.5 37.3 36.2

32.0 32.5 31.8

28.0 28.6 28.4

30.0 27.8 29.1

34.4 33.4 30.8

37.2 36.4 34.6

40.6 40.3 37.4

42.2 43.9 43.1

44.5 44.6 42.3

44.5 44.6 43.1

Lowest Min Temp

Gatton Ipswich

B’desert

11.5 14.0 12.9

8.3 13.9 12.2

7.2 10.1 11.3

5.0 7.8 3.6

1.3 1.3

-1.7

-1.9 -0.8 -3.2

-2.2 -0.4 -5.5

-0.5 0.2

-3.5

0.0 4.4

-1.0

4.0 6.0 4.7

3.3 9.4 4.6

8.3 8.2

10.5

-2.2 -0.8 -5.5

Mean No. days max>35oC

Gatton Ipswich

B’desert

4.1 4.2 2.4

2.3 2.0 1.4

1.4 1.0 0.3

0.2 0.4 0.4

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.2 0.2 0.0

1.2 1.1 0.8

3.2 2.1 1.8

4.3 0.2 2.5

16.7 11.2

9.6 Mean No. days

min<2oC Gatton

Ipswich B’desert

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.1 0.1 1.3

1.6 0.6 4.2

4.0 1.7 8.3

2.0 0.3 5.3

0.3 0.0 0.7

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

8.0 2.6

19.7 Mean No. days

frost B’desert 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 3.7 9.7 5.4 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.3

Source: Bureau of Meteorology Australia, 2001 *Gatton QDPI Research Station: Latitude: -27.5456 S Longitude: 152.3286 E Elevation: 93.0 m 1968−2001 Ipswich: Latitude: -27.6167 S Longitude: 152.7583 E Elevation: 39.9 m 1870−2001 Beaudesert: Latitude: -28.0005 S Longitude: 152.9903 E Elevation: 46.0 m 1887−2001 (only recorded 11 to 12 years data)

Hydrology

The Boonah area is drained by three major drainage systems and their tributaries from north to south, Warrill Creek, Teviot Brook and Burnett Creek, all flowing in a general north-easterly direction. The discharge data of Warrill Creek at Aratula Weir and Kalbar are shown in Tables 5 and 6. At Aratula Weir, the mean annual discharge of Warrill Creek is 75 199 ML with an annual maximum of 263 600 ML and an annual minimum of 261 ML. The mean maximum total annual discharge capacity of Warrill Creek at Aratula Weir is 142.838 Cumecs. The annual maximum is 252.567 Cumecs and the annual minimum 0.150 Cumecs. Warrill Creek at Kalbar has the mean annual discharge of 73 983 ML, comparable to the volume at Aratula Weir. The annual maximum discharge of 295 038 ML and minimum discharge of 3610 ML is much higher than those at the Aratula Weir. The mean maximum total annual discharge capacity at Kalbar is 226.034 Cumecs with an annual maximum of 496.915 Cumecs and an annual minimum of 3.582 Cumecs. The discharge capacity at Kalbar is therefore much higher than that at Aratula Weir. Warrill Creek data suggest that although the mean maximum annual discharge at Aratula Weir and Kalbar are comparable, the maximum and minimum volumes of discharges are much higher at Kalbar and so are the discharge capacities. The discharge data of Teviot Brook at Croftby are shown in Table 7. The mean total annual discharge volume is 16 012 ML with a maximum of 87 799 ML and a minimum of 18.1 ML. The mean maximum annual stream discharge capacity is 144.203 Cumecs with an annual maximum of 547.474

12

Cumecs and an annual minimum of 0.024 Cumecs. The mean minimum annual discharge of the same watercourse is 0.006 Cumecs with a maximum of 0.049 Cumecs and a minimum of 0.0. Both the discharge volume and discharge capacity indicate generally higher values from November to May, as compared to other months. These higher values coincide with high rainfall months of this area (Table 3). The data suggest although the mean maximum annual discharge capacity of Teviot Brook is comparable to Warrill Creek at Aratula Weir, the variation between maximum and minimum discharge capacities is much higher. The mean annual volume of discharge of Teviot Brook is also much lower than Warrill Creek Discharge data of Burnett Creek are shown in Table 8. The annual mean volume of discharge at 17 014 ML is comparable to that of Teviot Brook but much lower than Warrill Creek. The annual maximum discharge volume of 61 340 ML is also lower than the other two drainage channels. The annual minimum discharge volume of 3261 ML is higher than that of Teviot Brook and Warrill Creek at Aratula Weir. The data suggest that although the total volume of discharge in Burnett Creek is low, the flow is somewhat continuous with no stagnant period. In addition, the maximum and minimum discharge capacities of Burnett Creek are much lower than those of Warrill Creek and Teviot Brook (Table 8). Table 5. Discharge data of Warrill Creek at Aratula Weir* Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Mean

monthly Annual

total Total discharge volume in megalitres Mean 6302 24698 11520 4501 7463 7522 4419 2492 1060 1719 4046 8204 6275 75199 Max 33041 73701 38143 17274 25196 46176 18849 12066 4531 8015 16279 28479 21967 263600 Min 0.0 1127 794 389 370 386 401 611 86 0.0 0.0 0.0 87 261 Maximum stream discharge in Cumecs (1953−1960) Annual

max

Mean 37.871 85.586 33.124 12.838 32.846 30.408 19.176 5.790 2.690 18.277 12.265 52.163 142.838 Max 247.548 238.770 105.200 53.805 141.185 207.109 120.944 34.813 16.135 129.920 56.121 252.657 252.567 Min 0.000 0.450 0.450 0.150 0.150 0.286 0.150 0.286 0.150 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.150 Minimum stream discharge in Cumecs (1953−1960) Annual

min

Mean 0.287 0.394 0.679 0.515 0.508 0.360 0.343 0.162 0.094 0.141 0.238 0.223 0.026 Max 0.586 0.895 1.699 1.699 1.699 0.895 0.895 0.413 0.150 0.413 0.895 0.520 0.150 Min 0.000 0.000 0.150 0.150 0.059 0.059 0.059 0.059 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 *Zone 56 Easting 455433 Northing 6905689)

Table 6. Discharge data of Warrill Creek at Kalbar No.2* Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Mean

monthly Annual

total Total discharge volume in megalitres (1912−1971) Mean 13204 12882 10390 4639 4306 4974 3475 1552 694 3480 5797 7182 6786 73983 Max 104019 223600 67948 39512 43798 39370 67843 16667 4195 76469 45323 69778 59008 295038 Min 2 18 55 0 53 25 27 0 8 0 0 0 301 3610 Maximum stream discharge in Cumecs (1912−1971) Annual

max


min

Mean 0.237 0.523 0.381 0.305 0.277 0.300 0.244 0.148 0.116 0.107 0.208 0.219 0.040 Max 1.339 12.034 5.069 2.330 2.029 1.514 1.948 1.039 0.396 0.538 2.761 1.240 0.311 Min 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.006 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 *Zone 56 Easting 460698 Northing 6911185 The two reservoirs in the Boonah area are the Maroon Dam in the southern portion and the Moogerah Lake in the north.

Maroon Dam The Maroon Dam in the southern portion of the Boonah area has a capacity of 44 300 ML. It has a storage of 37 000 ML and storage on 12/12/01 was 27 364ML (62%). Water sampled on 12/12/01 showed low levels of blue green algae. The total water allocation of this dam is 23 378 ML with irrigation being the main use at 74%, urban (23%) and industrial (3%).

13

Moogerah Lake The Moogerah Lake in the northern portion of the Boonah area has a capacity of 83 700 ML with a storage of 10 848 ML (13%) on 12/12/01. Water sampled on 12/12/01 showed low blue green algae levels. The total water allocation of this dam is 33 670 ML with main use as irrigation (70%). Urban use (7%) is less than the Maroon Dam but industrial use is more at 23%. Table 7. Discharge data of Teviot Brook at Croftby* Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Mean

monthly Annual total

Total discharge volume in megalitres (1967−2000) Mean 2873 3904 1598 1454 1409 736 680 288 209 635 1137 1509 1335 16012 Max 19910 53311 10684 14185 15247 5594 9944 2126 1673 6018 6280 13387 7317 87799 Min 0 6.8 1.1 0.3 2.1 0 0 0 0.1 0 0 1.3 9.1 18.1 Maximum stream discharge in Cumecs (1967−2000) Annual

max


min

Mean 0.065 0.097 0.094 0.079 0.068 0.060 0.051 0.034 0.023 0.017 0.040 0.047 0.006 Max 0.288 1.086 0.500 0.468 0.373 0.290 0.200 0.179 0.103 0.074 0.260 0.259 0.049 Min 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 *Zone 56 Easting 457643 Northing 6886157

Table 8. Discharge data of Burnett Creek at Maroon tailwater Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Mean

monthly Annual total

Total discharge volume in megalitres (1974−2000) Mean 1777.9 1914.3 1857.1 2564.0 1013.9 1263.0 1115.2 884.7 858.1 1332.9 1347.8 1194.8 1434.6 17013.8 Max 17219.1 21518.4 13922.4 15499.0 6801.6 11792.4 10411.6 2463.9 1894.0 5038.9 6422.9 7713.7 5111.7 61340.0 Min 43.9 34.6 39.5 69.3 62.3 88.4 89.6 93.6 87.8 243.3 158.3 85.4 271.8 3261.41 Maximum stream discharge in Cumecs (1974−2000) Annual

max


min

Mean 0.040 0.049 0.070 0.066 0.041 0.061 0.052 0.076 0.104 0.111 0.052 0.025 0.007 Max 0.570 0.462 0.462 0.462 0.265 0.265 0.297 0.482 0.570 0.570 0.462 0.236 0.014 Min 0.003 0.005 0.006 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.007 0.005 0.000 0.003 0.000

14

Land use and vegetation

The categories of current land use in the area are shown in Table 9. Agricultural activities account for most of the land uses in the area. Beef cattle is the dominant land use covering an area about 83 000 ha or just over 58% of the total area. Native pastureland is more than twice as extensive as improved pasture. About 7000 ha or 5% of the total area comprises cultivated crops, although much more areas have been cultivated in the past, as indicated by contour banks on the low rises and lower slopes of the rolling hills. Total area suitable for cropping is about 32%, although only 13% is suitable for a wide range of crops (refer Section 6). Other minor land uses include private tree plantations and a goat farm (Photo 4). The distribution of the various categories of land use is shown in the 1:100 000 scale Land Use map accompanying this report. Photo 4. Goat farm in the Boonah area All natural vegetation, which totalled about 48 000 ha or 34% of the area, is mapped as remnant vegetation (RV) on the Land Use map. Olson (2000) and the Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane should be contacted for information on the vegetation. Dominant trees in the area include narrow-leaved iron bark (Eucalyptus crebra), blue gum (Eucalyptus tereticornis), gum-topped box (Eucalyptus moluccana) and brigalow (Acacia harpophylla) (Appendix 8). Main pastures on the undulating to rolling hills are native or improved. Improved pasture is typically Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana), sometimes with Siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum). Native species include Queensland blue grass (Dichantium sericeum), black speargrass (Heteropogon contortus), tussocky Sporobolus (Sporobolus diandrus), kangaroo grass (Themeda triandra) and barbed wiregrass (Cymbopogon refractus).

15

Table 9. Land use of the Boonah area Land use Symbol Area

(ha) Area (%)

Cultivated (field crops, grains, tuff) C 4261 3.0 Cultivated and improved pasture (beef) C−IPB 2797 1.9

Subtotal 7058 4.9 Dam Subtotal DAM 14 <0.1 Disturbed land (golf) DLG 23 <0.1 Disturbed land (prawn farm) DLP 38 <0.1 Disturbed land (urban area) DLU 708 0.5

Subtotal 769 0.5 Improved pasture for beef IPB 4334 3.0 Improved pasture for beef and cultivated IPB−C 6547 4.6 Improved pasture for beef and native pasture for beef IPB−NPB 8355 5.8 Improved pasture for beef, native pasture for beef and cultivated IPB−NPB−C 589 0.4 Improved pasture beef, native pasture beef and timbered IPB−NPB−T 2062 1.4 Improved pasture beef and timbered IPB−T 1096 0.8

Subtotal 22 983 16.1 Improved pasture diary and cultivated Subtotal IPD−C 242 0.2 Lake (Moogerah Lake, including Maroon Dam) Subtotal LAKE 1176 0.8 Native pasture for beef NPB 18 727 13.1 Native pasture for beef and cultivated NPB−C 283 0.2 Native pasture for beef and improved pasture for beef NPB−IPB 8295 5.8 Native pasture for beef, improved pasture for beef and cultivated NPB−IPB−C 54 <0.1 Native pasture for beef, improved pasture for beef and timbered NPB−IPB−T 1538 1.1 Native pasture beef and timbered NPB−T 21 204 14.8

Subtotal 50 100 35.0 Native pasture for dairy NPD 37 <0.1 Native pasture for dairy, improved pasture for beef and timbered NPD−IPB−T 238 0.2 Native pasture for dairy and timbered NPD−T 87 <0.1

Subtotal 362 0.3 Rural residential Subtotal RR 93 <0.1 Remnant vegetation* Subtotal RV 48 039 33.6 Timbered and improved pasture for beef T−IPB 38 <0.1 Timbered and native pasture for beef T−NPB 11 763 8.2 Timbered, native pasture for beef and improved pasture for beef T−NPB−IPB 158 0.1

Subtotal 11959 8.4 Tree/vine crops Subtotal TC 171 0.1 Miscellaneous (road, stream channels etc.) Subtotal 63 <0.1

TOTAL 143 030 100 * For details on remnant vegetation please refer to Olson (2000) and Herbarium, EPA

16

3. METHODOLOGY

Soil mapping

Relief and modal slope classes of Speight (In McDonald et al. 1990) were interpreted on 1:25 000 coloured aerial photographs to delineate slope and landform pattern. A free survey method (Reid 1988) of field investigation followed with observation sites based on predicted soil and landform variability interpreted from the aerial photographs. Accessibility to sites was also considered. A soil reference was prepared from the soils previously described in the region (Paton 1971, Christianos et al. 1986, Loi et al 1997a, 1977b, Loi and Malcolm 1998, Harms and Pointon 1999 and Noble ed. 1996), and a field soil key was prepared for the identification and classification of soils in the field. The soil profile class (SPC) concept was used in the mapping of soils in the Boonah Area. A soil profile class is defined as a group or class of soil profiles, not necessarily contiguous, grouped on their similarity of morphological characteristics (McDonald 1975). However in the preparation of the field soil key, the soil reaction trend (pH) was also considered in the differentiation of soil profile classes. In addition to soil descriptions, slope, site disturbance, erosion, surface condition, coarse fragment, rock outcrop and dominant vegetation were recorded. Undisturbed soil cores were obtained using 50 mm diameter push tubes, hydraulically driven from a vehicle for soil description and laboratory analysis. The soil cores were normally 1.5 m deep except where hard rocks or coarse fragments occurred at shallower depth. Land and soil characteristics of some 1104 sites were fully described using the terminology of McDonald et al. (1990). More site descriptions were carried out on the level plains and undulating rises to better define the features of these more agriculturally productive areas, while areas with steeper slopes were mapped less intensively. From these field observations and further aerial photograph interpretation, mapping units or unique mapping areas (UMA) (Basinski 1978) were identified and delineated on the aerial photographs. Depending on the complexity of the soil distribution, each UMA may have one or more soil profile classes (SPC). Where more than one SPC were present within a UMA, the subdominant SPC(s) must be more than 30% to be mapped. A ‘pure’ UMA can, therefore, include other SPC up to 30% of its area. Each UMA was given a number and stored in the UMA database. A total of 1331 UMAs were delineated on the 1:25 000 aerial photographs and these were digitised to produce the final 1:50 000 Soils and Landform map, which accompanies this report. However, land with more than 20% slope on steep to very steep hills and mountains was less intensively studied and only has 1:100 000 mapping accuracy.

Soil analysis

Thirty-four soil profiles were sampled for detailed laboratory analysis. The morphological and analytical data for the soil profiles are given in Appendix 2. In addition, four soil profiles were sampled for limited analysis, mainly electrical conductivity (EC), chloride (Cl), exchangeable bases, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and particle size distribution, to test if the soils were saline and/or sodic. The soil profiles were sampled at 0−0.1, 0.2−0.3, 0.5−0.6, 0.8−0.9, 1.1−1.2, 1.4−1.5 m depths unless a soil horizon boundary occurred within any particular sampling interval. Analytical methods used are described in Rayment and Higginson (1992), and interpretation of laboratory data was mainly based on Bruce and Rayment (1982) and Baker and Eldershaw (1993).

17

Land suitability evaluation

Soils were assessed for their suitability for selected crops which are suited to the Boonah climate. Methodology for assessment of land suitability followed the Guidelines for Land Evaluation in Queensland (Land Resource Branch Staff 1990). A five-class land evaluation system was used to assess each UMA of the Boonah area. The land was assessed for a specified land use, which allows optimum production with minimal degradation of the land resource in the long-term (Land Resource Branch Staff, 1990). The five land suitability classes are briefly defined below:

Class 1 Suitable land with negligible limitations; Class 2 Suitable land with minor limitations; Class 3 Suitable land with moderate limitations; Class 4 Marginal land, presently unsuitable due to severe limitations; and Class 5 Unsuitable land with extreme limitations that preclude its use

The details of this system are given in Appendix 3. This evaluation process also allows the determination of the agricultural land class for individual UMA, which assists the planning of the land resource in the Boonah area.

Resource inventory

All site, soil and UMA data were stored in the NR&M Soil and Land Information (SALI) databases. For each site the land resource information including the soil descriptions, soil profile classes and site characteristics such as location, lithology, landform, slope, vegetation and surface disturbance, was stored in a SALI-Site database. The location of the site was determined by Global Positioning System (GPS) to an accuracy of within 10 m. A range of information can be queried and extracted from SALI-Site as required. Information about each UMA, including SPC, area, slope, vegetation, flooding hazard, surface coarse fragments and erosion hazard, was entered onto SALI-UMA database. This information was used to assess the suitability of each UMA for any land use. Based on land suitability information, agricultural land classes (DPI/DHLGP 1993) were established and an Agricultural Land Classes map was compiled at 1:100 000 scale. Land suitability information for the selected crops was stored on computer and can be retrieved as required.

18

SOILS

The soils in the area have been broadly grouped according to the landforms in which they occur: soils on level to gently undulating plains derived from alluvial parent material, and soils on undulating to rolling rises, to very steep hills and mountains derived from a range of rock types listed in Table 1. Very shallow soils less than 0.25 m deep have been separated as a distinct group irrespective of the landform they occupy. Soils in the area have been correlated with those previously mapped in the region (Paton 1971, Loi et al. 1997a, b, Loi and Malcolm 1998, Harms and Pointon 1999). However, the large areal extent and more complex geology in the area necessitated the identification of more soil profile classes (SPC). A few new SPC names have been created to cover soils not described elsewhere in the region. Soils on residual parent material have been primarily separated on the different groups of rock types from which they developed: sedimentary rocks, acid intrusive and volcanic rocks, and intermediate and basic intrusive and volcanic rocks. The normal application of morphological and physico-chemical properties was then used as key criteria for their classification. The detailed characteristics of the soils described below are distinctive to this area. The criteria used in establishing new SPC include thickness and texture of A horizon, bleached or unbleached nature of A2 horizon, colour of upper B horizon, profile texture, texture contrast between A and B horizons, and pH trend. The soils described below are assumed to be deep (>1 m) unless otherwise stated. The soil depth phases (1, 2, and 3) indicated on the Soils and Landform map are the depths to a coarse fragment layer, pan, compact layer, weathered rock or hard rock, and generally reflect the effective rooting depths of natural vegetation. Depth phase 1 is shallow 0.25−0.5 m, 2 is moderately shallow 0.5−0.75 m and 3 is moderately deep 0.75−1 m. Seventy-four soil profile classes have been mapped in the area, with 39 of them occurring on level to gently undulating plains, and the remainder on undulating and rolling rises to very steep hills and mountains. The Bremer (Br) and Lockrose (Ls) soils are the most common soils on the alluvial plains. On the uplands, Rockville (Rv) and Kenilworth (Kl), both derived from sedimentary rocks, are the dominant soils. The terrain, vegetation and detailed soil characteristics are recorded in SALI database at the Department of Natural Resources and Mines in Indooroopilly. A detailed description of each SPC, based on landform and parent material, is given in Appendix 1, in alphabetical order. Where an SPC is only represented by one or few sites, it is already an established SPC in the general area or region. All SPC in the Boonah area are classified to the suborder level of the Australian Soil Classification (Isbell 1996). The distribution and areal extent of the soils in this area are shown on the Soils and Landform map at 1:50 000 scale which accompanies this report.

Very shallow soils less than 0.25 m deep

The shallow soils in the Boonah area are not differentiated by the landform and geology on which they occur. They are mainly soils with minor areal extent on level to rolling landscape and may be associated with other soil types. On steep hills and mountains, the very shallow soils are likely to be locally significant, but due to inaccessibility, accurate mapping was difficult. Rangeview (Ra) (Leptic Rudosols). This is a minor soil that occurs on level to undulating plains, sometimes in association with shallow Monsildale soils. On rolling rises, Rangeview may also occur in association with Kenilworth soils. The soil profile is characterised by a 0.1−0.15 m thick dark, clay loam to silty clay loam surface with few to many, subangular sandstone pebbles over a pebble layer on the plains, or over weathered sandstone on rolling rises. The soil pH is 5.8−6.0. Walker (Wk) (Leptic Rudosols). This is a very minor soil on undulating rises. The shallow profile consists of a 0.05 m thick dark, silty light clay surface over unweathered basalt.

19

Windsor (Ws) (Stratic Rudosols). This soil, very limited and localised, occurs on the lowest level terrace plain. The soil profile is mainly very shallow with a 0.05 m thick layer of dark, fine sandy clay loam over brown fine sandy loam, which is underlain by a gravel layer within 0.25 m depth. It is well drained with pH of 6.3−6.5 throughout the profile.

Soils on level to undulating plains

Soils developed from alluvial parent material on level to gently undulating plains of mainly 0−3% slope, occasionally up to 10% on undulating plains, are classified into 39 SPCs indicating the rather varied nature of the alluvial deposits. The variability in different materials laid down in the past is a result of the combined effect of the fluvial processes, Pleistocene sea level changes and subsequent erosional and depositional processes. An alluvial soil on a creek bank developed from stratified alluvial deposits is shown in Photo 5. On a few alluvial plains, coarse pebbles and stones are present in the substrata at varying depths and patchily on the surface. The fluvial processes in the past determine the size of these coarse fragments. Concentration of large coarse fragments possibly indicates the location of stream channels and point bars in the past. The present drainage channels such as creeks and streams are misfit drainage system superimposed on a much larger drainage system of the past. The presence of mostly fine textured soils suggests the deposition of the materials in a mainly low energy environment. Nonetheless, a whole spectrum of uniform fine, medium and coarse textured soils, gradational textured soils and texture contrast soils occurs on the level to undulating plains. In addition to morphological differences, the pH trend and the presence or absence of CaCO3 are criteria used to separate these alluvial soils. Soils on level to undulating plains occupy 22 286 ha or about 16 percent of the total area (Table 2). Photo 5. An alluvial soil on a creek bank developed from stratified alluvial deposits The main characteristics of the soils of alluvial origin are shown in Table 10 and briefly described below. Uniform coarse textured soils Cressbrook (Cr) (Stratic or Arenic Rudosols). Cressbrook soils occupy 179 ha on level to gently undulating plains of up to 3% slope. They are of minor extent and are restricted to creek or stream banks. The soil profile has a 0.2−0.35 m thick grey or dark, fine sandy loam to loamy fine sand surface over a yellow-brown or brown loamy fine sand subsoil, with occasionally fine sandy light clay at depth. The lower subsoil has few to many subangular to subrounded pebbles at depth. Surface runoff is very slow to slow but the coarse textured soils are highly permeable and well drained. Cressbrook soils are acidic to neutral with pH ranging from 5.8−7.0 in the surface and 5.6−7.5 in the subsoil.

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Uniform medium textured soils Honey (Hy) (Brown Dermosols). The Honey soils are very localised and occur on level plains. The soil profile consists of a 0.25 m thick dark, fine sandy clay loam over a brown, fine sandy clay loam with many subangular pebbles at depth. It is moderately permeable and well drained. The soil pH is 5.8 in the surface and 6.0−7.0 in the subsoil. Logan (Lg) (Stratic Rudosols, Black Dermosols). The localised Logan soils occur on level to gently undulating plains of 0.5−2.0% slope. The soil profile has a 0.08−0.3 m thick dark or brown sandy clay loam to silty clay loam over a dark, grey or brown sandy clay loam with lighter textures of loamy sand to fine sandy loam at depth. The Logan soils are imperfectly to well drained with pH of 5.6−7.0 throughout the profile, but may be alkaline (pH 8.0−8.5) at depth. Robinson (Rs) (Stratic Rudosols, Brown Dermosols). The Robinson soils occur on level to gently undulating plains of 0.5−2.0% slope and may be associated with Bremer soils. The soil profile has a 0.1−0.35 m thick dark or brown sandy loam to silty clay loam over a brown fine sandy loam to fine sandy clay loam, with loamy sand to coarse sandy clay loam and common to abundant subangular to subrounded pebbles at depth. The soils are well drained with a variable pH of 5.4−8.6 in the surface and 6.0−8.6 in the subsoil. Uniform non-cracking clays or gradational texture soils Cavendish (Cd) (Stratic Rudosols, Brown Dermosols). This is not a common soil and occurs on level to gently undulating plains of 0.5−2.0 % slope. The soil profile is characterised by a 0.1−0.15 m thick dark or grey, silty clay loam to light clay over a dark or yellow-grey light medium to medium clay. The subsoil is characterised by few to common calcareous nodules. Profiles are moderately well drained with pH of 5.5−6.5 in the surface and 6.2−8.7 in the subsoil. Lockyer (Ly). (Black or Brown Dermosols, Stratic Rudosols). The Lockyer soils are fairly common on level to gently undulating plains. They are also found patchily around Maroon Dam where the level of dam water fluctuates. The soil profile has a 0.1−0.3 m thick dark or grey, clay loam to light medium clay over a dark or brown light to medium clay which is underlain by distinct buried layers with lighter textures of fine sandy light clay to loamy sand. The subsoil may have a few subrounded pebbles. Soil profiles are moderately well to well drained with pH of 5.7−7.5 in the surface and 6.0−9.0 in the subsoil. Uniform non-cracking clays Bremer (B) (Black, Grey or Brown Dermosols). This is one of the most extensive soils on the level to gently undulating plains (0.5−2.0 % slope) and less commonly on undulating plains (3−10% slope). The soils are widespread on the broad alluvial plains of Warrill Creek, Teviot Brook and Burnett Creek and their tributaries, but may also be associated with Lockrose and occasionally with Cooeeimbardi, Cavendish and Hooper soils. The Bremer soils occupy 7580 ha or 34% of the alluvial plains. The soil profile has a 0.1−0.4 m thick dark or brown, light to medium clay over a non-calcareous dark or less commonly grey or brown light medium to medium clay. At some sites, few to abundant gravel and pebbles are present in the subsoil. The soils are imperfectly to well drained with pH of 5.6−7.0 in the surface and 7.0−8.8 in the subsoil. Hooper (Hr) (Grey or Brown Dermosols). This is not a common soil on the level to gently undulating plains. The soil profile consists of a 0.05−0.2 m thick dark, silty light clay to light medium clay over a brown or grey, medium to medium heavy clay. The soil has, typically, a lighter texture of sandy light clay at depth and the subsoil has few to common calcareous nodules. The Hooper soils are imperfectly to moderately well drained with a variable pH of 5.7−9.2 in the surface and 8.5−9.2 in the subsoil.

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Table 10. Main characteristics of the soils developed on alluvia of level to gently undulating plains Soil A Horizon B Horizon pH Other

profile class Depth(m) Texture** Colour* Texture** A Hor. B Hor. feature

Uniform coarse textured soils Cressbrook (Cr) 0.2−0.35 FSL−LFS YBr, Br LFS 5.8−7.0 5.6−7.5 Pebbles at depth

Uniform medium textured soils Honey (Hy) 0.25 FSCL Br FSCL 5.8 6.0−7.0 Pebbles at depth Logan (Lg) 0.08−0.3 SCL−ZCL Dk, Gy, Br SCL 5.6−7.0 5.6−7.0 Robinson (Rs) 0.1−0.35 SL−ZCL Br FSL−FSCL 5.4−8.6 6.0−8.6 Pebbles in subsoil

Uniform non-cracking clays or gradational textured soils Cavendish (Cd) 0.1−0.15 ZCL−LC Dk, YGy LMC−MC 5.5−6.5 6.2−8.7 Calcareous nodules in

subsoil Lockyer (Ly) 0.1−0.3 CL−LMC Dk−Br LC−MC 5.7−7.5 6.0−9.0

Uniform non-cracking clays Bremer (B) 0.1−0.4 LC−MC Dk, Gy, Br LMC−MC 5.6−7.0 7.0−8.8 Gravel and pebbles in

subsoil Hooper (Hr) 0.05−0.2 ZLC−LMC Br, Gy MC−MHC 5.7−9.2 8.5−9.2 Calcareous and lighter

texture subsoil Lockrose (Ls) 0.05−0.3 LC−LMC Gy, Dk, Br LMC−MC 5.8−6.5 8.5−9.0 Calcareous nodules Maroon (Mr) 0.1−0.25 LC−LMC Gy, YBr LMC−MC 5.0−6.0 4.0−5.8 Strongly acid Toogoolawah (Tw) 0.05−0.2 LMC Gy, YGy LMC−MHC 5.6−6.5 5.0−6.5 Poor drainage

Uniform cracking clays Basel (Bs) 0.15−0.25 LMC Gy LMC−MC 5.0−6.0 6.5−9.0 Lenticular structure Bell (Bl) 0.1−0.2 LMC Dk MC 5.7−6.0 5.7−9.0 Lighter texture subsoil Cooeeimbardi (Cb) 0.1−0.3 LMC−MC Dk LMC−MC 6.0−7.0 8.0−9.1 Alkaline subsoil Fassifern (Ff) 0.1−0.3 LMC−MC Gy MC−MHC 4.5−6.0 8.6−9.2 Mottled and calcareous

subsoil Flagstone (Ft) 0.1−0.2 LMC−MC Gy MC 5.8−6.0 8.6−9.0 Calcareous subsoil Leschke (Lk) 0.2 LMC Gy, YGy LMC 5.6 8.6 Lenticular structure Muller (Mu) 0.2−0.25 MC Dk LMC−MC 5.0−6.0 5.8−7.5 Neutral pH Warrill (Wr) 0.1 MC Gy MC 6.0 9.0 Ugarapul (Ug) 0.25 ZLC Br LMC 6.0 6.8 Neutral pH Gradational textures soils Bellbird (Bd) 0.1−0.3 FSCL−

ZCL Br FSLC−SLMC 5.0−7.0 4.5−8.0 Mottles in subsoil

Bromelton (Bn) 0.1−0.2 CL(-) Gy, YGy FSCL−LMC 5.6−5.8 5.8−8.8 Heavy clay with mottles at depth

Monsildale (Mn) 0.1−0.3 CL−ZCL Dk, YBr ZLC−ZLMC 5.5−6.5 6.0−8.5 Mockers (Mk) 0.2 FSCL RBr FSLC−FSLMC 5.2 5.4−6.5

Texture contrast soils Beausang (Bg) 0.05−0.3 LFS−ZCL Gy MC 4.5−6.0 4.5−8.0 Bleached surface Conondale (Cn) 0.05−0.15 CL−ZCL Gy MC 5.0−6.0 8.2−8.9 Bleached surface Cookes (Co) 0.1−0.2 CL−ZCL Br, YBr MC−MHC 5.5−6.0 4.8−5.5 Mottled subsoil Grigor (Gr) 0.3 ZL Dk MC 4.6−5.0 4.6−5.0 Gunyah (Gy) 0.1−0.3 FSCL−ZCL Gy, Dk LMC−MC 5.0−6.5 6.5−9.0 Helidon (Hd) 0.25−0.5 LFS−FSL YBr, Y SLC−FSLMC 5.5−7.0 6.5−6.8 Bleached surface Kilmoylar (Km) 0.1−0.35 FSCL−ZCL Y, Br FSLMC−MC 5.2−6.0 6.0−9.0 Bleached surface,

mottled subsoil Ottaba (Ot) 0.3 FSL Br FSLC 6.0−6.5 6.5 Sippel (Sl) 0.15−0.25 FSL−FSCL Br, YBr FSLC−MC 5.2−6.8 7.0−8.6 Smokes (Sk) 0.4 FSCL Y FSLMC 6.0 6.0 Mottled subsoil Spencer (Sp) 0.1−0.3 CL−ZCL Br, YBr,

Gy LMC−MC 5.5−6.8 7.5−9.0

Woodhill (Wh) 0.15−0.4 L−FSCL YBr, Dk FSLMC−MHC 5.5−6.0 4.5−7.5 Mottled subsoil *Colour classes as McDonald in Donnollan et al. (1990) **Texture classes according to McDonald et al. (1990). + Br = brown, Dk = dark, Gy = grey, R = red, RBr = red-brown, Y = yellow, YBr = yellow-brown ▲ has bleached A2 horizon

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Lockrose (Ls) (Grey, Black or Brown Dermosols). Like Bremer, this is one of the most extensive soils on the level to gently undulating plains and may also occur on undulating plains. The Lockrose soils occupy 7536 ha or 34% of the alluvial plains. They may be associated with Bremer, Hooper, Lockyer and Muller soils. The soil profile has a 0.05−0.3 m thick dark, light to light medium clay over a grey, dark or brown light medium to medium clay with few to common calcareous nodules and manganese concretions below 0.6 m. At some sites, the subsoil may have few to many subangular to subrounded pebbles. The presence of calcareous nodules in the subsoil is a distinctive feature of this soil. The Lockrose soils are moderately well drained with pH of 5.8−6.5 in the surface and 8.5−9.0 in the subsoil. Maroon (Mr) (Grey or Brown Dermosols). This soil does not command a large area but is common on undulating plains of about 6% slope. It is less commonly found on level to gently undulating plains of 0.5−2.0% slope. The soil profile has a 0.1−0.25 m thick dark or brown, light to light medium clay over a grey or yellow-brown light medium to medium clay. At a few sites, common subrounded pebbles occur in the subsoil. The Maroon soils are imperfectly to well drained with pH of 5.0−6.0 in the surface and 4.0−5.8 in the subsoil. The strongly acidic subsoil is a distinctive feature of this soil. Toogoolawah (Tw) (Oxyaquic Hydrosols). This is a very minor soil on the level to undulating plains. The profile has a 0.05−0.2 m thick dark, light medium clay over a massive grey to yellow-grey light medium to medium heavy clay. The pH is 5.6−6.5 in the surface and 5.0−6.5 in the subsoil. Poor drainage and common fine distinct orange mottles in the subsoil are distinctive characteristics of this soil. Uniform cracking clays Basel (Bs) (Grey Vertosols). This soil is not extensive and occurs on level plains, often in association with Fassifern, Sippel and Lockyer soils. The soil profile has a 0.15−0.25 m thick cracking, light medium clay over a grey or dark light medium to medium clay of lenticular structure. The lower subsoil is yellow-brown or grey, light medium to medium clay and may have few calcareous nodules. The Basel soils are moderately well drained with pH of 5.0−6.0 in the surface and 6.5−9.0 in the subsoil. Bell (Bl) (Black Vertosols). This is a very minor soil in the area. The soil profile has a 0.1−0.2 m thick cracking, dark, light medium clay over a dark, medium clay with lenticular structure. This is underlain by distinct loamy coarse sand to sandy light clay layer, which may have few large rounded pebbles at depth. The soil is moderately well drained with pH of 5.7−6.0 in the surface and 5.7−9.0 in the subsoil. Cooeeimbardi (Cb) (Black Vertosols). The Cooeeimbardi soils are of minor occurrence in the area. They occur on level to gently undulating plains and less commonly on undulating plains. They may be associated with Bell soils and less commonly with Flagstone and Muller soils. The soil profile is typically dark, light medium to medium clay, with less commonly grey or brown at depth. The soils are moderately well drained with pH of 6.0−7.0 in the surface and 8.0−9.1 in the subsoil. The dark, alkaline subsoil is a distinctive feature of this soil. Fassifern (Ff) (Grey Vertosols). This soil has limited distribution in the area. It occurs on level to undulating plains of 0.5−6.0% slope. The soil profile has a 0.1−0.3 m cracking, dark or grey, light medium to medium clay over a grey to occasionally olive-brown medium to medium heavy clay. Common distinct pale and dark mottles and few calcareous nodules occur in the subsoil. The soil is imperfectly to well drained with pH of 4.5−6.0 in the surface and 8.6−9.2 in the subsoil. Flagstone (Ft) (Grey Vertosols). This is another minor soil on the level to undulating plains. The soil profile has a 0.1−0.2 m thick cracking dark or grey, light medium to medium clay over a grey, medium clay with lenticular structure. The lower subsoil can have yellow-brown, olive-brown or dark colours

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and common calcareous nodules. The Flagstone soils are moderately well drained with pH of 5.8−6.0 in the surface and 8.6−9.0 in the subsoil. Leschke (Lk) (Brown Vertosols). This minor soil occurs on undulating plains of about 6% slope. The soil profile consists of a cracking, grey, light medium clay over a yellow-grey to grey, light medium clay with lenticular structure. The Leschke soils are moderately well drained with pH of 5.6 in the surface and 8.6 in the subsoil. Muller (Mu) (Black Vertosols). This is another minor soil and often occurs in association with Basel and Lockrose soils on level plains. The soil profile has a cracking surface with dark, light medium to medium clay throughout. The soils are moderately well to well drained with pH of 5.0−6.0 in the surface and 5.8−7.5 in the subsoil. The neutral subsoil pH is a distinctive feature of this soil. Warrill (Wr) (Grey Vertosols). This is a minor soil on the undulating plains of about 6% slope. The soil profile has a 0.1 m thick cracking, dark, medium clay surface grading to a grey, medium clay to yellow-grey sandy light clay at depth. The Warrill soils in this area are 0.5−0.75 m deep. They are moderately well drained with pH of 6.0 in the surface and 9.0 in the subsoil. Unlike Fassifern and Flagstone soils, the Warrill soils are non calcareous. Ugarapul (Ug) (Brown Vertosols). This is a localised soil on the level plains. The soil profile has a 0.25 m thick cracking, dark, silty light clay surface grading to a brown light medium clay, with fine sandy light clay at depth. The Ugarapul soils are well drained with pH of 6.0 in the surface and 6.8 in the subsoil. Gradational textured soils Bellbird (Bd) (Brown Dermosols). The Bellbird soils are minor and occur on level to undulating plains of up to 6% slope. The soil profile consists of a 0.1−0.3 m thick dark or brown, fine sandy clay loam to silty clay loam grading to a brown fine sandy light clay to sandy light medium clay. Pale, orange and red mottles are common in the subsoil. The soils are moderately well to well drained with pH of 5.0−6.0 in the surface and 4.5−8.0 in the subsoil. Bromelton (Bn) (Grey Dermosols, Redoxic Hydrosols). The Bromelton soils are localised and occur on level to undulating plains of up to 6% slope. The soil profile has a 0.1−0.2 m thick dark or grey, light clay loam over a dark, yellow-grey, grey or olive-grey, fine sandy clay loam to light medium clay. The subsoil has common fine distinct orange mottles. At depth, the profile is underlain by dark heavy clay with distinct orange mottles. The Bromelton soils are imperfectly to moderately well drained with pH of 5.6−5.8 in the surface and 5.8−8.8 in the subsoil. Monsildale (Mn) (Black or Brown Dermosols). The Monsildale soils are not common and occur on level to undulating plains of up to 6% slope. They may be associated with Cookes, Lockyer, and Spencer soils. The soil profile is characterised by a 0.1−0.3 m thick dark, clay loam to silty light clay over a dark, occasionally yellow-brown, silty light clay to silty light medium clay. In lower subsoil, dark, grey and brown colours are common. The Monsildale soils are moderately well to well drained with pH of 5.5−6.5 in the surface and 6.0−8.5 in the subsoil. Mockers (Mk) (Red Dermosols). This is a minor soil on gently undulating plains of about 2% slope. The soil profile has a 0.2 m thick brown, fine sandy clay loam over a distinct red-brown, fine sandy light clay to fine sandy light medium clay with common fine to medium, distinct orange mottles. The lower subsoil is brown with distinct yellow mottles. The soil is moderately well drained with pH of 5.2 in the surface and 5.4−6.5 in the subsoil. The red and mottles subsoil is a distinct feature of this soil.

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Texture contrast soils Beausang (Bg) (Grey Kurosols, Grey Chromosols). This soil occurs mainly on undulating plains of about 6% slope. It may be associated with Bremer and Kilmoylar soils. The soil profile consists of a 0.05−0.3 m thick sporadically bleached, grey or dark loamy fine sand to silty clay loam over a grey, medium clay with common distinct orange and red mottles. The Beausang soils are moderately well drained with pH of 4.5−6.0 in the surface and 4.5−8.0 in the subsoil. The presence of a surface bleached layer, and grey colour of the subsoil are distinctive features of the Beausang soils. Conondale (Cn) (Grey Chromosols). This is a minor soil on the level to undulating plains of up to 6% slope. It may be associated with Maroon and Bremer soils. The soil profile has a 0.05−0.15 m thick dark, clay loam to silty clay loam over a grey, light medium to medium clay with common distinct orange mottles. The soils are imperfectly to moderately well drained with pH of 5.0−6.0 in the surface and 8.2−8.9 in the subsoil. This soil is differentiated from Beausang by the alkaline nature of the subsoil. Cookes (Co) (Brown Kurosols). The Cookes soils are not extensive on the level to gently undulating plains. They may be associated with the Maroon or Bellbird soils. The soil profile has a 0.1−0.2 m thick dark or grey, clay loam to silty clay loam, over a brown or yellow-brown medium clay to medium heavy clay with common distinct orange and red mottles. They are imperfectly to moderately well drained with pH of 5.5−6.0 in the surface and 4.8−5.5 in the subsoil. The colour, mottles and acidic subsoil are distinctive features of this soil. Grigor (Gr) (Black Kurosols). This is a minor soil on undulating plains of about 6% slope. The soil profile has a 0.3 m thick dark over bleached, silty loam over a dark medium clay. The soil is moderately well drained with pH of 4.6−5.0 throughout the profile. Gunyah (Gy) (Grey or Black Chromosols). The Gunyah soils occur on gently undulating to undulating plains of 2−6% slope. They may be associated with the Hooper and Spencer soils. The soil profile has a 0.1−0.3 m thick dark, fine sandy clay loam to silty clay loam over a grey or dark, light medium to medium clay. They are moderately well drained with pH of 5.0−6.5 in the surface and 6.5−9.0 in the subsoil. Helidon (Hd) (Yellow or Brown Chromosols). This is another minor soil, which occurs on level to undulating plains of up to 6% slope. It may be associated with Cressbrook soils on stream banks. The soil profile has a 0.25−0.5 m thick dark or brown over a distinctly bleached, loamy fine sand to fine sandy loam, over a yellow-brown or yellow sandy light clay to fine sandy light medium clay. The subsoil has common distinct grey mottles. This soil is moderately well drained with pH of 5.5−7.0 in the surface and 6.5−6.8 in the subsoil. Kilmoylar (Km) (Brown Chromosols). The Kilmoylar soils occur on level to gently undulating slope of 0.5−2%. They may be associated with Helidon and Sippel soils. The soil profile has a 0.1−0.35 m thick dark or brown over a bleached, fine sandy clay loam to silty clay loam, over a yellow-brown to brown fine sandy light medium clay to medium clay. The subsoil has common distinct pale mottles at some sites. They are moderately well drained with pH of 5.2−6.0 in the surface and 6.0−9.0 in the subsoil. Ottaba (Ot) (Brown Chromosols). This is a very minor soil, mapped in association with Bellbird soils on the level plains. The soil profile has a 0.3 m thick brown, fine sandy loam over a brown fine sandy light clay. It is moderately well drained with pH of 6.0−6.5 in the surface and 6.5 in the subsoil.

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Sippel (Sl) (Brown Chromosols). The Sippel soils are minor and occur mainly on level to gently undulating plains of 0.5−2% slope. The soil profile has a 0.15−0.25 m thick dark or brown, fine sandy loam to fine sandy clay loam over a brown to yellow-brown fine sandy light clay to medium clay. The soils are moderately well to well drained with pH of 5.2−6.8 in the surface and 7.0−8.6 in the subsoil. Smokes (Sk) (Brown Chromosols). These soils are minor and occur on gently undulating plains of about 2% slope. The soil profile has a 0.4 m thick dark over grey, fine sandy clay loam, over a yellow fine sandy light medium clay. This is underlain by grey medium clay. The subsoil has many distinct pale mottles. The Smokes soils are imperfectly drained with pH of 6.0 throughout the profile. Spencer (Sp) (Brown Chromosols). The Spencer soils are not extensive and mainly occur on level to gently undulating plains of 0.5−2% slope. They may be locally associated with the Gunyah soils. The soil profile has a 0.1−0.3 m thick dark, clay loam to silty clay loam over a brown, yellow-brown or grey light medium to medium clay with occasionally grey or orange mottles. They are imperfectly to moderately well drained with pH of 5.5−6.8 in the surface and 7.5−9.0 in the subsoil. Woodhill (Wh) (Brown Chromosols, Brown and Black Kurosols). These soils are minor and occur on level to gently undulating plains of 0.5−2% slope. They may be associated with the Cookes and Logan soils. The soil profile has a 0.15−0.4 m thick dark or brown, loam to fine sandy clay loam over a yellow-brown or dark fine sandy light medium to medium heavy clay with common distinct orange mottles. The soils are imperfectly to well drained with pH of 5.5−6.0 in the surface and 4.5−7.5 in the subsoil. The mottled and acidic features of the subsoil are distinctive of this soil.

Soils on undulating rises to steep hills and mountains

The soils on undulating to rolling rises and steep hills and mountains are developed on a range of rock types from sedimentary, acid, intermediate and basic igneous rocks (Table 1). There are 32 soil profile classes (SPC) found on this terrain, which represents 118 820 ha or 83% of the Boonah area. Seventeen SPC occur on sedimentary rocks, 7 on acid igneous rocks and 8 on intermediate and basic igneous rocks. The Rockville developed on sedimentary rocks are the major soils on this landform. The main characteristics of the soils developed on sedimentary rocks are shown in Table 11. They are briefly described below.

Soils developed on sedimentary rocks

Soils developed on sedimentary rocks are the most extensive and occupy an area of 109 570 ha or 77% of the Boonah area. Rockville soils are the most extensive followed by Kenilworth. Beppo (Bp) (Grey or Brown Chromosols). The Beppo soils occur on undulating rises to rolling low hills of 6−30% slope. The texture contrast soil profile has a 0.1−0.3 m thick dark over bleached, fine sandy clay loam to clay loam over a grey, dark or brown fine sandy light clay to light medium clay. They are moderately well to well drained with pH of 5.5−7.0 in the surface and 6.0−9.0 in the subsoil. The texture contrast profile and bleached surface are distinctive features of this soil. Horse (Hs) (Grey Kurosols, Grey Sodosols). These are minor soils which occur on undulating rises and rolling low hills of 6−15% slope. The texture contrast soil profile has a 0.1−0.15 m thick dark or yellow-brown, loamy sand to fine sandy loam over a grey, fine sandy light clay to fine sandy light medium clay with common to many distinct orange or yellow mottles. They are moderately well drained with pH of 5.5−5.8 in the surface and 4.5−9.2 in the subsoil. Jonlyn (Jl) (Grey Chromosols, Grey Kurosols). This minor soil occurs on undulating rises to rolling low hills of 6−20% slope. The texture contrast soil profile has a 0.2−0.3 m thick dark, fine sandy clay

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loam to clay loam over a grey, medium to medium heavy clay. It is moderately well to well drained with pH of 5.8−6.0 in the surface and 4.8−8.8 in the subsoil. This soil is non calcareous. Kalamba (Kb) (Grey or Brown Dermosols). The Kalamba soils occur on undulating rises of about 6% slope and on rolling low hills of up to 30% slope. The gradational to uniform fine textured soil profile has a 0.15−0.5 m thick dark or grey, fine sandy clay loam to light medium clay over a yellow-brown or yellow-grey, light medium to medium clay with common subrounded rock fragments throughout. Less common colours of the subsoil are yellow, brown, red-brown and red. The soils on the rolling hills are shallow (0.25−0.5 m) and moderately shallow (0.5−0.75 m). The Kalamba soils are moderately well drained with pH of 5.5−6.0 in the surface and 4.5−6.0 in the subsoil. The presence of rock fragments, shallow profile and acidic nature of the subsoil are distinctive features of this soil. Kamerigo (Ka) (Red Chromosols; Red Kurosols). The Kamerigo soils are common on undulating rises of about 6% slope, although they can also occur on rolling low hills of up to 30% slope. On steeper slopes, they are shallow or moderately shallow and can be associated with shallow phases of Kenilworth, Toohill, Wyaralong and Bepppo soils. The texture contrast soil profile has a 0.1−0.35 m thick dark or brown, sand loam to clay loam over a red, medium to medium heavy clay which may have distinct grey and pale mottles. The red subsoil grades into brown or yellow-brown, sandy light clay to light medium clay at depth. They are moderately well to well drained with pH of 4.5−6.5 in the surface and 4.5−8.7 in the subsoil. The red subsoil is a distinctive feature of this soil. Kenilwoth (Kl) (Brown or Grey Dermosols). The Kenilworth soils are extensive and occupy 17 810 ha or 12% of the total area. They occur on undulating rises to steep hills on slopes of 6 to more than 30%. The soils are shallower on slopes more than 20% and here they are associated with shallow phases of Kamerigo, Kalamba, Kilcoy, Rockville, Swan Creek and Toohill soils. The mainly uniform fine textured soil profile has a 0.1−0.25 m thick dark or grey, light to light medium clay over a brown or grey, light medium to medium clay. Yellow-brown subsoil is also common at some sites. They are moderately well to well drained with pH of 5.5−6.0 in the surface and 5.5−7.8 in the subsoil. Kilcoy (Ky) (Brown Chromosols). The Kilcoy soils commonly occur on undulating rises of about 6% slope, although they can also be found on a whole range of landforms to very steep hills. They may be associated with Kenilworth, Rockville and Swan Creek soils on the steeper country. The texture contrast soil profile has a 0.1−0.3 m thick brown or dark, fine sandy loam to clay loam over a brown or yellow-brown light medium to medium clay. This is generally underlain by grey or yellow light medium clay. They are moderately well to well drained with pH of 5.6−6.5 in the surface and 6.0−9.0 in the subsoil. On slopes more than 20%, the soils are mainly moderately shallow at 0.5−0.75 m deep. Milford (Mf) (Red Dermosols). This is not a common soil and occurs mainly on 15−30% slopes and associated with shallow phases of Rockville, Kenilworth and Toohill soils. The uniform fine textured soil profile has a 0.1−0.3 m thick grey or dark, occasionally sporadically bleached, silty light clay to medium clay over a red-brown, light medium to medium clay. It is underlain by grey or yellow-grey, light medium clay. The subsoil has common distinct pale or orange mottles. This soil and its associates are mainly moderately shallow at 0.5−0.75 m deep. The Milford soils are imperfectly to well drained with pH of 5.0−6.0 in the surface and 4.6−7.0 in the subsoil. The red subsoil colour and acidic soil reaction are the distinctive characteristics of this soil. Normanby (Nb) (Brown or Grey Dermosols). This minor soil occurs on undulating rises and low hills of 6−20% slope. The uniform fine textured soil profile has a 0.1−0.3 m thick dark, brown or grey, light to light medium clay over a grey or yellow-grey, light medium to medium clay with common distinct pale mottles and few to common calcareous nodules in the subsoil. They are moderately well to well drained with pH of 6.0−9.0 in the surface and 8.5−9.2 in the subsoil. The calcareous subsoil is a distinctive feature of this soil.

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Reynold (Rd) (Grey or Red Dermosols). This is a localised soil and occurs on undulating rises to rolling low hills of 6−20% slope. The gradational texture soil profile has a 0.1−0.25 m thick dark or brown, fine sandy clay loam to clay loam over a grey, yellow-brown or red-brown sandy light clay to medium clay, with common distinct orange mottles. The soil is imperfectly to well drained with pH of 4.5−6.0 in the surface and 5.0−6.5 in the subsoil. Table 11. Main characteristics of soils developed on sedimentary rocks

Soil A Horizon B Horizon pH Other profile class Depth(m) Texture** Colour* Texture** A Hor. B Hor. feature


Soils developed on sedimentary rocks Beppo (Bp) 0.1−0.3 FSCL−CL Gy, Dk, Br+ FSLC−LMC 5.5−7.0 6.0−9.0 Bleached surface Horse (Hs) 0.1−0.15 LS−FSL Gy FSLC−FSLMC 5.5−5.8 4.5−9.2 Mottled subsoil Jonlyn (Jl) 0.2−0.3 FSCL−CL Gy MC−MHC 5.8−6.0 4.8−8.8 Kalamba (Kb) 0.15−0.5 FSCL−LMC YBr, YGy LMC−MC 5.5−6.0 4.5−6.0 Coarse fragments Kamerigo (Ka) 0.1−0.35 SL−CL R MC−MHC 4.5−6.5 4.5−8.7 Kenilworth (Kl) 0.1−0.25 LC−LMC Br, Gy LMC−MC 5.5−6.0 5.5−7.8 Kilcoy (Ky) 0.1−0.3 FSL−CL Br, YBr LMC−MC 5.6−6.5 6.0−9.0 Milford (Mf) 0.1−0.3 ZLC−MC RBr LMC−MC 5.0−6.0 4.6−7.0 Normanby (Nb) 0.1−0.3 LC−LMC Gy, YGy LMC−MC 6.0−9.0 8.5−9.2 Calcareous subsoil Reynold (Rd) 0.1−0.25 FSCL−CL Gy, YBr, RBr SLC−MC 4.5−6.0 5.0−6.5 Rockville (Rv) 0.1−0.35 LC−LMC Br, Gy, YBr,

YGy LMC−MC 5.5−6.5 8.5−9.0 Calcareous subsoil

Swan Creek (Sw) 0.15−0.6 LS−SL YBr, YGy LFS 5.0−7.5 5.0−7.5 Toohill (Tl) 0.05−0.2 FSLC−LMC Gy, Br, YBr LMC−MC 4.5−6.5 4.5−5.5 Watt (W) 0.1 SCL Dk, YBr LMC−MC 7.5 8.6−8.9 Waters ▲ (Wt) 0.1−0.4 LFS−FSL Br, YBr, Y FSLMC−MC 5.5−6.0 4.5−8.8 Welton (Wl) 0.1 ZCL Dk SLC 6.5−7.0 6.5−7.0 Shallow Wyaralong▲ (Wg) 0.3−0.5 LFS−FSL Gy, YBr, Y SLC−LMC 5.6−6.0 4.5−6.7 Bleached surface,

Mottled subsoil *Colour classes as McDonald in Donnollan et al. (1990) **Texture classes according to McDonald et al. (1990). + Br = brown, Dk = dark, Gy = grey, R = red, RBr = red-brown, Y = yellow, YBr = yellow-brown ▲ has bleached A2 horizon

Rockville (Rv) (Brown, Black or Grey Dermosols). This is the most extensive soil developed on the sedimentary rocks, occupying an area of 53 857 ha or 38% of the total Boonah area. It occurs on undulating rises to steep hills and mountains on slope of 6% and steeper. On steep hills and mountains, the shallow and moderately shallow Rockville soils can occur in association with moderately shallow phases of mainly Kenilworth soils, and less commonly Kilcoy, Waters, Kamerigo and Milford soils. The uniform fine textured Rockville soil profile has a 0.1−0.35 m thick dark, light to light medium clay over a brown, grey, yellow-brown or yellow-grey, light medium to medium clay, with common distinct orange mottles at some sites. The subsoil has few calcareous nodules. The Rockville soils are moderately well to well drained with pH of 5.5−6.5 in the surface and 8.5−9.0 in the subsoil. The calcareous and strongly alkaline subsoil are distinctive features of this soil. Swan Creek (Sw) (Arenic or Lutic Rudosols). This is not a common soil and occurs on undulating rises to rolling low hills of 6−24% slope. The soils are shallow (0.25−0.5 m) on slope greater than 15% and some are associated with shallow Kilcoy soils on the same terrain. The coarse textured soil profile has a 0.15−0.6 m thick dark or grey, occasionally bleached, loamy sand to sandy loam over a yellow-brown to yellow-grey loamy fine sand, which may be underlain by massive fine sandy light clay. The soil is moderately well to well drained with pH of 5.0−7.5 throughout the profile. Toohill (Tl) (Brown, Grey or Red Dermosols). The Toohill soils occur on undulating rises to rolling low hills of 6−24% slope. On the steeper end of the slope they can be associated with Kenilworth and Jonlyn soils. On slopes more than 15% the soils are moderately shallow at 0.5−0.75 m deep. The uniform fine textured soil profile has a 0.05−0.2 m thick dark, fine sandy light clay to light medium clay over a grey, brown or yellow-brown light medium to medium clay. The subsoil has distinct pale

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or orange mottles at some sites. The soils are moderately well to well drained with pH of 4.5−6.5 in the surface and 4.5−5.5 in the subsoil. The strongly acidic subsoil is a distinctive characteristic of the Toohill soils. Waters (Wt) (Brown Kurosols, Brown Sodosols). The Waters soils occur on undulating rises to rolling low hills of 6−18% slope. They may be occasionally associated with Rockville, Kilcoy and Toohill soils. Shallow Waters soils on steep hills are associated with shallow Kilcoy soils. The texture contrast soil profile has a 0.1−0.4 m thick dark, over bleached loamy fine sand to fine sandy loam, which overlies a brown, yellow-brown or yellow, fine sandy light medium to medium clay, with occasionally common distinct pale or orange mottles. They are moderately well to well drained with pH of 5.5−6.0 in the surface and 4.5−8.8 in the subsoil. The bleached and coarse texture surface is a distinctive characteristic of this soil. Watt (W) (Black Sodosols). This is a very minor soil and occurs on undulating rises of about 6% slope. The texture contrast soil profile has a 0.1 m thick dark, sandy clay loam over a dark and yellow-brown, light medium to medium clay, with common distinct pale mottles. The soil is moderately well drained with pH of 7.5 in the surface and 8.6−8.9 in the subsoil. This soil is characterised by a dark colour in the main part of the profile and strongly alkaline reaction from the upper subsoil to depth. It is underlain by weathered sandstone. Welton (Wl) (Black Dermosols). This soil occurs as a minor association with shallow Rockville soils on steep hills. It is shallow, with a 0.1 m thick dark silty clay loam over a dark sandy light clay, which has very few subangular sandstone pebbles. The soil is well drained with pH of 6.5−7.0 throughout the profile. Wyaralong (Wg) (Grey or Brown Kurosols). This is a common soil in the north-eastern portion of the Boonah Shire. It occurs on undulating rises to rolling hills of 6−24% slope and may be associated with Swan Creek and Waters soils. The texture contrast soil profile has a 0.3−0.5 m thick dark, over a bleached loamy fine sand to fine sandy loam. This is underlain by grey and, occasionally yellow-brown or yellow, sandy light clay to light medium clay with common distinct orange and red mottles. The Wyaralong soils are imperfectly to moderately well drained with pH of 5.6−6.0 in the surface and 4.5−6.7 in the subsoil. The bleached, coarse textured surface and strongly acidic and mottled subsoil are distinctive characteristics of these soils.

Soils developed on acid volcanic and acid intrusive rocks

Seven soil profile classes (SPC) on acid igneous rocks have been mapped on the undulating to steep hills and mountains of the Boonah area. They patchily occupy central and southern portions of the area including Mt French, Mt Alford, Mt Minto and Mt Toowoonan (Figure 2). The soils of acid intrusive and volcanic rocks occupy 9410 ha or 8% of the upland area. The main characteristics of the soils are summarised in Table 12 and are briefly described below. Boolumba (Bo) (Brown or Grey Dermosols). The Boolumba soils occur on gently undulating rises to steep hills and mountains, mainly at Mt French and in the southern portion of the area. On steep hills and mountains the soils are moderately shallow, 0.5−0.75 m deep. The Boolumba soil profile has a 0.05−0.2 m thick dark, silty clay loam to light clay over a brown, yellow-brown, grey or olive-brown, light medium clay. They are well drained with pH of 5.0−6.0 in the surface and 5.0−7.5 in the subsoil. Charlwood (Cw) (Red Dermosols). The Charlwood soils are not extensive on gently undulating rises and rolling hills of acid intrusive rocks. On rolling hills of 15−20% slope they are moderately shallow at 0.5−0.75 m deep. Shallow Charlwood soils are common on the steep to very steep hills and mountains associated with shallow Edwards soils. The gradational texture soil profile has a 0.05−0.3 m thick reddish-brown or dark, clay loam to silty clay loam over a red, light to light medium clay. The

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Charlwood soils are well drained with pH of 5.0−6.7 in the surface and 5.0−7.2 in the subsoil. The red and acidic subsoil are distinctive features of this soil. Durundur (Dd) (Yellow Chromosols). This is a minor soil which occurs on rolling hills of 20−30% slope. The texture contrast soil profile has a 0.3 m thick dark, over grey clay loam, which overlies a yellow, medium clay. The soil is well drained with pH of 6.0−6.5 in the surface and 8.0−8.8 in the subsoil. Table 12. Main characteristics of soils developed on acid, intermediate and basic igneous rocks

Soil A Horizon B Horizon pH Other profile class Depth(m) Texture** Colour* Texture** A Hor. B Hor. feature


Soils developed on acid volcanic and intrusive rocks Boolumba (Bo) 0.05−0.2 ZCL−LC Br+, YBr,

Gy, OlBr LMC 5.0−6.0 5.0−7.5

Charlwood (Cw) 0.05−0.3 CL−ZCL R LC−LMC 5.0−6.7 5.0−7.2 Durundur (Dd) 0.3 CL Y MC 6.0−6.5 8.0−8.8 Edwards (Ed) 0.15 FSCL Br FSCL−FSL 5.8 5.8 Shallow Esk (Ek) 0.3 FSL - 5.6 Shallow, bleached Royston (Rt) 0.1−0.2 ZCL Gy, YBr LMC 5.5−5.8 5.0−6.7 Scrubby (Sc) 0.15 ZLC R ZLC 5.9 5.9 Rock fragments at depth Soils developed on intermediate and basic volcanic and intrusive rocks Churchbank (Ch) 0.1-0.3 CL−LMC R, RBr LMC−MC 4.8−6.5 4.8−9.2 Deer (Dr) 0.1−0.25 CL−LMC Br MC 5.0−6.5 5.5−9.2 Dunwich (Dw) 0.15−0.2 CL Br, Gy, OlBr MC 5.8−6.0 8.2−8.7 Jimna (Jn) 0.1−0.2 LMC−MC Gy, YBr, Br LMC 5.8−7.5 8.5−9.0 Cracking clays Neara (Na) 0.1−0.25 LC Dk LMC−MC 5.5−6.5 8.6−8.9 Non cracking clays Oaky (Ok) 0.1−0.2 CL R, RBr MC 5.5−7.0 5.5−9.0 Paddy (Pd) 0.1 ZL Br LMC 5.7−6.4 5.7−6.4 Stibbes (St) 0.1 CL RBr CL 6.0 6.0 Shallow

*Colour classes as McDonald in Donnollan et al. (1990) **Texture classes according to McDonald et al. (1990). + Br = brown, Dk = dark, Gy = grey, R = red, RBr = red-brown, Y = yellow, YBr = yellow-brown

Edwards (Ed) (Brown Dermosols). The Edwards soils occur on rolling low hills to steep mountains with slope in excess of 25%. They are the most extensive soils developed on acid volcanic and acid intrusive rocks, occupying an area of 4380 ha or 4% of the upland area. They are shallow (0.25−0.5 m) and are associated with shallow Esk and Boolumba and Charlwood soils. The uniform, medium textured soil profile has a 0.15 m thick dark, fine sandy clay loam over a brown, fine sandy clay loam to fine sandy loam at depth. They are well drained with pH of 5.8 throughout the profile. Esk (Ek) (Clastic Rudosols). The shallow Esk soils occur on steep mountains of more than 32% slope, mainly at Mt French. They are generally associated with shallow Edwards soils. The shallow soil profile consists of a surface layer overlying weathered tuff. The surface layer has a dark, fine sandy loam over a grey, sporadically bleached fine sandy loam. Tuffaceous rock fragments are common. The soils are well drained with a pH of 5.6. Royston (Rt) (Grey Chromosols, Grey Kurosols). The minor Royston soils occur on gently undulating to undulating rises of 2−10% slope. The texture contrast soil profile has a 0.1−0.2 m thick dark or grey, silty clay loam over a grey or yellow-brown, light medium clay, which may grade to fine sandy light clay at depth. The subsoil may have common distinct orange mottles. The Royston soils are well drained with pH of 5.5−5.8 in the surface and 5.0−6.7 in the subsoil. Scrubby (Sc) (Red Dermosols). This is a very localised soil in the area and occurs on gently undulating slopes of about 2%. The uniform fine textured soil profile has a 0.15 m thick reddish-brown over a red, silty light clay with abundant rhyolitic fragments at depth. The soil, underlain by rhyolite, is well drained with pH of 5.9 throughout the moderately shallow profile.

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Soils developed on intermediate and basic volcanic rocks and intrusive rocks

Eight SPCs have been mapped on the undulating rises to steep hills and mountains derived from intermediate and basic igneous rocks in the area. Soils developed on these rocks are common on the Great Dividing Range to the west, north-west portion and a number of hills and mountains in the remaining area. They occupy 21 670 ha or 15% of the total area or 18% of the upland area. The main characteristics of the soils are summarised in Table 12 and are briefly described below. Churchbank (Ch) (Red Dermosols). This is a common soil developed on intermediate to basic igneous rocks, mainly trachyte to basalt and their coarse-grained equivalents. It occurs on undulating rises to very steep hills on slopes greater than 6%. It occupies 4013 ha and is the most extensive soil after Stibbes. On steep to very steep hills the shallow phases of this soil can be associated with shallow Deer or Stibbes soils. The uniform fine to gradational textured soil profile has a 0.1−0.3 m thick dark or brown, clay loam to light medium clay over a red or red-brown, light medium to medium clay. This is underlain by yellow-brown or yellow, fine sandy clay loam to fine sandy light clay at depth. The distinctive red soil is well drained with pH of 4.8−6.5 in the surface and 4.8−9.2 in the subsoil. Deer (Dr) (Brown Chromosols). This is also a common soil, developed on intermediate and basic igneous rocks of the undulating rises to rolling low hills of 6−24% slope, occupying 3245 ha. It can be associated with Oaky, and less commonly with Dunwich and Jimna soils. The moderately shallow Deer soils on slopes in excess of 15% are associated with moderately shallow Churchbank soils. On steep to very steep hills and mountains they are shallow and associated with shallow Churchbank and Stibbes soils. The gradational to uniform fine textured soil profile has a 0.1−0.25 m thick dark, clay loam to light medium clay over a brown, medium clay which may have common distinct orange and pale mottles. The subsoil is underlain by grey or yellow-brown light clay at depth. The Deer soils are well drained with pH of 5.0−6.5 in the surface and 5.5−9.2 in the subsoil. Dunwich (Dw) (Brown or Grey Chromosols). This is a minor soil and occurs mainly on undulating to rolling rises of 6−12% slope. The texture contrast soil profile has a 0.15−0.2 m thick dark, clay loam over a brown, grey or olive-brown medium clay. It is well drained with pH of 5.8−6.0 in the surface and 8.2−8.7 in the subsoil. Jimna (Jn) (Brown or Grey Vertosols). The Jimna soils are not extensive and occur on undulating rises to rolling low hills of 6−18% slope. The uniform fine textured soil profile has a 0.1−0.2 m thick dark, cracking light medium to medium clay over a grey, yellow-brown or brown light medium clay. They are well drained with pH of 5.8−7.5 in the surface and 8.5−9.0 in the subsoil. Neara (Na) (Black Dermosols). The Neara soils are localised and occur on rolling to steep hills on slopes more than 12%. On steep hills they are shallow, 0.25−0.5 m deep. The uniform fine textured soil profile has a 0.1−0.25 m thick dark, non cracking light clay over a dark, light medium to medium clay to brown or yellow-grey, light to light medium clay at depth. They are well drained with pH of 5.5−6.5 in the surface and 8.6−8.9 in the subsoil. The dark colour of the main portion of the profile is a distinctive feature of this soil. Oaky (Ok) (Red Chromosols). This is a minor soil on rolling to steep hills above 24% slope, and less commonly on undulating rises of about 6% slope. On steep hills the soil is moderately shallow. The texture contrast soil profile has a 0.1−0.2 m thick dark, clay loam over a red or red-brown, medium clay with common distinct dark or grey mottles. This is underlain by yellow, sandy light clay to light medium clay. This soil is well drained with pH of 5.5−7.0 in the surface and 5.5−9.0 in the subsoil. Paddy (Pd) (Brown Chromosols). This is an insignificant soil on rolling rises of 18−24% slope. The texture contrast soil profile has a 0.1 m thick dark, silty loam over a brown light medium clay. The soil is shallow, 0.25−0.5 m deep, well drained, with pH of 5.7−6.4 throughout the profile.

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Stibbes (St). (Orthic Tenosols). The Stibbes soils occur on steep hills and mountains on greater than 30% slope. Here they are the most extensive soils on intermediate and basic igneous rocks, occupying 12 620 ha or 11% of the upland area. The uniform medium textured soils are mainly shallow, 0.25−0.5 m deep, and commonly associated with shallow Churchbank and Deer soils. The soil profile has a 0.1 m thick dark, over shallow red-brown clay loam. They are well drained with pH of 6.0 throughout.

Chemical properties Thirty-four soil profiles representing 15 soil profile classes (SPC) were sampled for laboratory analysis. These soil profiles were selected because they represent the most common soils developed on the different landform and geology in the area. The detailed morphological descriptions and analytical data for the soil profiles are given in Appendix 2.

Surface fertility

Soils developed on alluvia of level to gently undulating alluvial plains The levels and ratings for major soil nutrients and trace elements of the surfaces of soils developed on level to gently undulating plains of alluvial parent material are shown in Table 13. The surface layer of these soils is generally sufficient in major soil nutrients and trace elements except site 638 (Lockyer) where organic C, N and sulfate-sulfur are at low levels. All soils have above moderate levels of trace elements, Mn, Cu and Zn. The C/N ratio of 10−14 in all soils is acceptable. Sulfate-sulfur is low in the alluvial soils except for some Bremer soils. Based on surface nutrient levels, Bremer soils are the most fertile of the alluvial soils in this area. Table 13. Chemical properties of the surface layer of soils on alluvial plains

DTPA-extrac. elements mg/kg Depth m Org. C %

Tot. N %

C/N ratio

NO3-N mg/kg

Bicarb-ext P (mg/kg).

Extract. SO4-S mg/kg

HCl-extrac K meq/100g

Fe Mn Cu Zn

Bremer (site 259) 0-.10 2.48(M) 0.23(M) 11 16 160(VH) 6.7(L) 1.2(VH) 51 25(M) 2.5(M) 2.6(M)

Bremer (site 263) 0-.10 3.62(H) 0.33(H) 11 1 23(M) 13(M) 1.3(VH) 66 70(H) 1.7(M) 9.6(H)

Bremer (site 609) 0-.10 9.14(VH) 0.66(VH) 14 1 300(VH) 110(VH) 1.0(H) 154 39(M) 3.1(M) 33(VH)

Lockrose (Site 36) 0-.10 2.28(M) 0.2(M) 11 24 66(H) 6.4(L) 0.3(M) 70 30(M) 1.8(M) 2.0(M)

Lockrose (site 359) 0-.10 1.79(M) 0.16(M) 11 1 41(H) 7(L) 0.4(M) 103 38(M) 2.0(M) 1.8(M)

Lockrose (site 793) 0-.10 2.62(H) 0.26(H) 10 2 120(VH) 7.7(L) 2.2(VH) - 31(M) 1.0(M) 6.3(H)

Lockyer (site 353) 0-.10 3.34(H) 0.29(H) 12 2 79(H) - 0.8(H) 191 46(M) 2.9(M) 3.4(M)

Lockyer (site 638) 0-.10 1.41(L) 0.14(L) 10 2 110(VH) 5.5(L) 1.2(VH) 65 31(M) 1.1(M) 1.8(M)

Maroon (site 647) 0-.10 2.51(H) 0.18(M) 14 1 3*(VL) 8.3(L) 0.6(H) 93 66(H) 0.64(M) 2.0(M)

* Acid-extractable P. VH = very high levels, H = high, M = medium, L = low, VL = very low

Soils developed on sedimentary rocks on undulating rises to steep hills and mountains The chemical properties of the surface layer of soils developed on sedimentary rocks are shown in Table 14. Organic C ranges from medium to high in all the soils except Wyaralong. The Wyaralong soil profile has low organic C in the surface layer mainly because of its bleached coarse textured characteristics. A similar trend applies to total N, although a Toohill soil profile also has low total N. Extractable P ranges from low to medium level, suggesting that these soils may benefit from P fertilisers. However, the Kamerigo soils have a high extractable P despite having high free Fe levels. Sulfate-sulfur ranges from medium to low and, in Wyaralong, very low. Acid extractable K is generally high in the surface soils developed on sedimentary rocks, except for Wyaralong and a

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Kenilworth profile which have low K levels. Trace elements, Mn, Cu and Zn are at moderate levels in all surface soils, except Kamerigo, Kenilworth and Rockville have high levels of Zn. Table 14. Chemical properties of the surface layer of soils developed on sedimentary rocks

DTPA-extrac. elements mg/kg Depth m Org. C %

Tot. N %

C/N ratio

NO3-N mg/kg

Acid-ext. P mg/kg

Extrac. SO4-S

HCl-extrac K meq/100g Fe Mn Cu Zn

mg/kg Kamerigo (site 355)

0-.10 3.2(H) 0.31(H) 10 3 49(H) - 1.1(VH) 247 32(M) 1.1(M) 7.3(H) Kenilworth (site 417)

0-.10 3.03(H) 0.22(M) 13 < 0.65 26(M) 10(M) 0.7(H) 67 23(M) 1.1(M) 1.9(M) Kenilworth (site 819)

0-.10 2.11(M) 0.16(M) 13 - 10(L) 11(M) <0.2(L) 73 34(M) 0.77(M) 0.82(H) Milford (site 982)

0-.10 1.9(M) 0.13(L) 15 1 7(VL) 12(M) 0.3(M) 52 88(H) 1.1(M) 0.88(M) Normanby (site 1010)

0-.10 2.03(M) 0.21(M) 10 1 37*(M) 7.4(L) 1.1(VH) 29 14(M) 2.8(M) 3.6(M) Rockville (site 319)

0-.10 6.45(VH) 0.6(VH) 11 < 0.65 33*(M) 16(M) 1.1(VH) 85 44(M) 2.4(M) 16(VH) Rockville (site 412)

0-.10 3.09(H) 0.34(H) 9 < 0.65 34(M) 9.8(L) 1.0(H) 135 48(M) 2.2(M) 11(H) Rockville (site 435)

0-.10 2.73(H) 0.22(M) 12 - 12(L) 9.6(L) 0.9(H) 29 17(M) 1.2(M) 2.6(M) Toohill (site 380)

0-.10 2.67(H) 0.2(M) 13 1 14(L) 12(M) 0.8(H) 70 34(M) 0.6(M) 1.1(M) Wyaralong (site 578)

0-.10 1.17(L) 0.07(L) 4 15(L) 4.7(VL) 0.2(L) 61 20(M) 0.2(L) 1.6(M) Waters (site 854)

0-.10 2.42(M) 0.18(M) 13 <1 10(L) 7.8(L) 0.5(M) 188 19(M) 0.36(M) 1.6(M) * Bicarbonate extractable P. VH = very high levels, H = high, M = medium, L = low, VL = very low

Soils developed on acid, intermediate and basic igneous rocks on undulating rises to steep hills and mountains The chemical properties of surface soils developed on igneous rocks are shown in Table 15. Charlwood soils, developed on acid igneous rocks, have high nutrient levels. The Churchbank and Deer soils developed on intermediate to basic igneous rocks have mainly medium nutrient levels, suggesting that these soils could be more developed and their nutrients further leached in the soil-forming process. Table 15. Chemical properties of surface layer of soils developed on acid to basic igneous rocks

Org. C

Tot N

C/N

NO3-N

Acid-ext.

Extrac. SO4-S

HCl-extrac K

DTPA-extrac. elements mg/kg

Depth(m) % % ratio mg/kg P mg/kg mg/kg meq/100g Fe Mn Cu Zn Soils developed on acid igneous rocks

Charlword (site 822) 0-.10 3.75(H) 0.25(M) 15 2 66(H) 38(H) 1.2(VH) 26 290(H) 2.5(M) 18(VH)

Soils developed on intermediate to basic rocks Churchbank (site 16)

0-0.1 1.04(L) 0.11(L) 9 29*(M) 15(M) 0.4(M) 58 48(M) 0.72(M) 1.2(M) Churchbank (site 772)

0-.10 1.5(M) 0.17(M) 34 4(VL) 32(H) IS Deer (site 428)

0-.10 1.99(M) 0.18(M) 11 1 20*(M) 9(L) 0.7(H) 145 9(M) 0.56(M) 1.8(M) *Bicarbonate-extractable P. VH = very high levels, H = high, M = medium, L = low, VL = very low

Soil profile chemical properties Detailed chemical data of the main soils in the Boonah area are given in Appendix 2 together with the morphological descriptions of the soils. The chemical data include levels of individual exchangeable bases, CEC, pH, EC and total major elements. The following discussion is based mainly on the comparative analysis of the relative levels and interaction of the exchangeable bases and chemical elements with regards to the responses to cropping.

33

Soils developed on alluvia of level to gently undulating alluvial plains A summary of selected properties of Bremer, Lockrose and Maroon soils developed on alluvial plains is shown in Table 16. The Bremer soils, which are non-cracking clays, are the most extensive alluvium derived soils in the Boonah area. They generally have a moderately alkaline soil reaction trend and a general trend of increasing alkalinity with soil depth. Exceptions are site 215, which is moderately alkaline right from the surface and site 538 which is neutral throughout. There is also a general tendency for a high electrical conductivity (EC) when the corresponding pH is high. As a general rule soils with a high pH and EC are generally sodic to strongly sodic. Sodic soils have a high amount of Na in the clay lattice, which causes the clay layers to expand and disperse when wetted, thus clogging pores and reducing permeability and water holding capacity of the soil. A comparison between salinity (EC) and sodicity (exchangeable sodium percentage, ESP) with depth of some Bremer soils is shown in Figure 3. A combination of a high pH, high EC and high ESP appears to be a good indicator of sodic soils developed from alluvial parent material. When the soils are strongly sodic, the dispersion ratio ranges from medium to high. The dispersion ratio may be medium in non-sodic soils (sites 259, 538) and hence is not a good sole criterion for the recognition of sodic soils. Most Bremer soils have a clay activity ratio of 0.8 or more indicating the clay mineral is mainly an expanding 2:1 type, probably montmorillonite where Na is an important interlayer cation. Site 263 is an exception where the ratio is 0.4−0.8. At this site, illite is likely to be the main clay mineral with subordinate amounts of 1:1 clay (kaolinite) and 2:1 (montmorillonite) clay minerals. The Ca/Mg ratio of all Bremer soils is 0.2−2.8 indicating the variable amount of Mg at different sites. Where the ratio is below unity, Mg may have a destabilising effect on the structure of the soil and its physical properties.

Salinity of Bremer Soils on Alluvium

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

0 0.5 1 1.5 2

EC (dS/m)

Dep

th (

cm)

Site 215

Site 259

Site 263

Site 316

Site 538

Site 541

Site 609

L VHM H

Sodicity of Bremer Soils on Alluvium

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

0 10 20 30

ESP%

Dep

th (

cm)

Site 215

Site 259

Site 263

Site 316

Site 538

Site 541

Site 609NS S SS

L = low salinity M = medium H = high VH = very high NS = non sodic S = sodic SS = strongly sodic

Figure 3. Salinity and sodicity of Bremer soils The Lockrose soils are one of the most extensive on the alluvial plains of the Boonah area. They are similar to Bremer soils but have distinctive calcareous nodules in the subsoil. All Lockrose soils have an alkaline soil reaction trend with a neutral to slightly acid surface, increasing pH with depth. The relationships of pH, EC, sodicity and dispersion are similar to those of the Bremer soils. Sites 36 and 353 are not sodic although they have a medium dispersion ratio. The high pH is correlated well with high EC, high sodicity and high dispersion ratio (Figure 4, Table 16). The clay activity ratio is mainly above 0.8 which indicates that the Lockrose soils, like Bremer, have a high component of expanding 2:1 type clays, like montmorillonite. Site 359 has a lower clay activity ratio than the others, so the soil may have a significant component of illite and kaolinite.

34

Salinity of Lockrose Soils on Alluvium

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

0 0.5 1 1.5

EC (dS/m)

Dep

th (

cm)

Site 36

Site 256

Site 359

Site 532

Site 793

L M

H VH

Sodicity of Lockrose Soils on Alluvium

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

0 10 20 30 40 50

ESP%

Dep

th (

cm)

Site 36

Site 256

Site 359

Site 532

Site 793

NS S SS

L = low salinity M = medium H = high VH = very high NS = non sodic S = sodic SS = strongly sodic

Figure 4. Salinity and sodicity of Lockrose soils The Maroon soils are characterised by very strongly acid conditions throughout the profile. In comparison to other alluvial soils where high pH is associated with sodicity, the Maroon soils are both strongly sodic and highly saline, but have a very low pH (Figure 5, Table 16). The Ca/Mg ratio is very low indicating the predominance of Mg2+ over Ca2+. The clay activity is low which suggests kaolinite is the major clay mineral in the clay fraction and magnesium is the dominant exchangeable cation in the Maroon soils. Aluminium saturation is 19−36% in the subsoil which is lower than expected from the very low pH.

Salinity of Maroon Soils on Alluvium

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

EC (dS/m)

Dep

th (

cm)

Site 647

L M H

Sodicity of Maroon Soils on Alluvium

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 10 20 30 40

ESP%

Dep

th (

cm)

Site 647

NS S SS L= low salinity M = medium H = high NS = non sodic S = sodic SS = strongly sodic

Figure 5. Salinity and sodicity of Maroon soils

35

Table 16. Selected properties of Bremer, Lockrose and Maroon soils developed on alluvial plains Depth

m pH EC

dS/m Clay CEC ESP Disp ratio Clay act.

ratio Ca/Mg Al

sat. Bremer (site 215)

0-.10 8.1 1.04 (VH) 46 49 8 (S) - 1.1 2.1 .20-.30 8.3 0.80 (H) 43 41 11 (S) - 1.0 2.1 .50-.60 8.3 0.80 (H) 46 40 11 (S) - 0.9 2.3 .80-.90 8.2 0.81 (H) 47 41 10 (S) - 0.9 1.9

1.10-1.20 8.2 0.53 (M) 43 41 9 (S) - 1.0 2.4 1.40-1.50 8.2 0.50 (M) 43 39 8 (S) - 0.9 2.3 Bremer (site 259)

0-.10 7.3 0.09 (L) 36 41 1 - 1.2 2.2 .20-.30 7.6 0.06 (VL) 40 34 2 0.61 (M) 1.1 2.3 .50-.60 7.6 0.06 (VL) 39 39 2 0.51 (L) 1.2 2.2 .80-.90 7.8 0.06 (VL) 39 44 2 0.60 (M) 1.0 2.0

1.10-1.20 8.1 0.05 (VL) 40 36 2 0.63 (M) 1.2 1.8 1.40-1.50 8.2 0.04 (VL) Bremer (site 263)

0-.10 6.6 0.06(VL) 32 25 1 0.50 (L) 0.8 2.6 .20-.30 5.9 0.03(VL) 46 24 3 0.50 (L) 0.5 1.7 .50-.60 8.4 0.11(VL) 50 31 8 (S) 0.67 (M) 0.4 1.4 13 .80-.90 8.6 0.44(M) 48 30 14 (SS) 0.75 (M) 0.6 1.2 9

1.10-1.20 8.6 0.67(H) 42 28 18 (SS) 0.77 (M) 0.7 1.1 6 1.40-1.50 Bremer (site 316)

0-.10 8.1 1.87 (EH) 51 48 10 (S) - 0.9 0.9 .20-.30 8.3 1.65 (EH) 54 44 16 (SS) - 0.8 0.9 .50-.60 8.3 1.67 (VH) 61 45 18 (SS) - 0.7 0.7 .80-.90 8.2 1.58 (EH) 57 42 15 (SS) - 0.7 0.6

1.10-1.20 8.7 0.86 (VH) 33 26 14 (S) - 0.8 0.6 1.40-1.50 8.5 0.60 (H) 32 23 15 (SS) - 0.7 0.4 Bremer (site 538)

0-.10 IS IS IS IS - IS - - .20-.30 7.6 0.17 (L) 57 IS - 0.62 (M) - - .50-.60 6.1 0.33 (M) 58 IS - 0.56 (L) - - .80-.90 5.8 0.43 (M) 57 47 3 0.54 (L) 0.8 1.6

1.10-1.20 6.1 0.35 (M) 47 42 2 0.58 (L) 0.9 1.7 1.40-1.50 7.2 0.21 (L) 47 IS - 0.68 (M) - - Bremer (site 541)

0-.10 7.3 0.31 (M) 58 45 7 (S) 0.73 (M) 0.8 0.9 .20-.30 7.9 0.39 (M) IS IS - 0.79 (M) - - .50-.60 8.8 0.59 (H) IS IS - IS - - .80-.90 8.9 0.61 (H) 56 42 22 (SS) IS 0.8 0.4

1.10-1.20 8.9 0.68 (H) 60 46 26 (SS) IS 0.8 0.2 1.40-1.50 8.9 0.62 (H) IS 45 26 (SS) IS - 0.2 Bremer (site 609)

0-.10 7.3 0.55 (H) - 38 9 (S) - - 2.6 .20-.30 7.8 1.01 (VH) 39 34 15 (SS) - 0.87 2.8 .50-.60 7.9 1.41 (EH) 35 29 22 (SS) 0.82 (H) 0.83 2.5 .80-.90 8.0 0.94 (VH) 36 28 19 (SS) 0.84 (H) 0.78 2.3

1.10-1.20 8.4 0.24 (M) 35 23 12 (S) 0.89 (H) 0.66 2.3 1.40-1.50 8.3 0.23 (M) Lockrose (site 36)

0-.10 6.3 0.08 (VL) 43 37 2 0.65 (M) 0.9 1.8 .20-.30 6.6 0.05 (VL) 46 39 3 0.64 (M) 0.8 1.9 .50-.60 7.2 0.05 (VL) 48 42 3 0.68 (M) 0.9 1.9 .80-.90 7.3 0.16 (L) 43 42 3 0.56 (L) 1.0 1.9

1.10-1.20 7.9 0.14 (L) 24 30 2 0.64 (M) 1.3 2.0 1.40-1.50 7.8 0.11 (L) 21 25 2 0.73 (M) 1.2 2.0

36

Table 16. (Contd) Lockrose (site 256)

0-.10 7.7 0.17 (L) 40 47 7 (S) 1.2 0.9 .20-.30 8.4 0.27 (M) 47 49 12 (S) 1.0 0.9 .50-.60 8.9 0.68 (H) 58 56 19 (SS) 1.0 0.4 .80-.90 9.2 0.67 (H) 50 52 21 (SS) 1.0 0.4

1.10-1.20 9.0 0.58 (H) 47 47 17 (SS) 1.0 0.5 1.40-1.50 8.9 0.42 (M) 47 47 11 (S) 1.0 0.6

Lockrose (site 359) 0-.10 6.5 0.05 (VL) 36 21 4 0.70 (M) 0.6 1.0

.20-.30 6.4 0.12 (L) 46 26 7 (S) 0.80 (M) 0.6 0.8

.50-.60 7.4 0.77 (H) 54 38 15 (SS) 0.76 (M) 0.7 0.7

.80-.90 8.0 1.07 (VH) 56 45 17 (SS) 0.78 (M) 0.8 0.6 1.10-1.20 8.6 0.94 (H) 47 47 17 (SS) 0.84 (H) 1.0 0.8 1.40-1.50 8.6 0.73 (H)

Lockrose (site 532) 0-.10 6.6 0.10 (L) 36 26 9 (S) 0.65 (M) 0.7 1.6

.20-.30 7.3 0.35 (M) 40 35 21 (SS) 0.86 (H) 0.9 1.5

.50-.60 8.7 0.92 (H) 50 40 37 (SS) 0.96 (H) 0.8 1.1

.80-.90 8.9 1.28 (VH) 64 51 42 (SS) 0.98 (H) 0.8 0.9 1.10-1.20 9.2 0.83 (H) 57 64 36 (SS) 0.92 (H) 1.1 1.4 1.40-1.50 9.2 0.78 (H) 61 IS - 0.92 (H) - -

Lockrose (site 793) 0-.10 6.1 0.07 (VL) 24 28 2 0.60 (M) 1.2 1.8

.20-.30 6.6 0.06 (VL) 36 38 4 0.59 (L) 1.1 2.0

.50-.60 8.2 0.12 (L) 54 40 5 0.71 (M) 0.7 1.5

.80-.90 8.7 0.47 (M) 52 39 11 (S) 0.73 (M) 0.8 1.1 1.10-1.20 8.7 0.49 (M) 43 34 12 (S) 0.75 (M) 0.8 0.9 1.40-1.50 8.6 0.45 (M) 38 30 13 (S) 0.82 (H) 0.8 0.8 Lockyer (site 353)

0-.10 6.7 0.07 (VL) IS 35 2 IS - 1.8 .20-.30 7.3 0.04 (VL) 39 39 2 0.67 (M) 1.0 1.7 .50-.60 7.6 0.04 (VL) 29 39 2 0.52 (L) 1.3 1.7 .80-.90 8.1 0.06 (VL) 25 38 2 0.62 (M) 1.5 1.8

1.10-1.20 7.3 < 0.01 (VL) 26 38 2 0.66 (M) 1.5 1.8 1.40-1.50 8.1 0.06 (VL) Lockyer (site 403)

0-.10 5.7 0.78 (VH) 19 34 6 (S) 0.37 (L) 1.8 1.1 .20-.30 9.1 0.11 (L) 40 33 18 (SS) 0.94 (H) 0.8 0.9 .50-.60 9.0 1.12 (VH) 26 24 25 (SS) 0.93 (H) 0.9 0.6 .80-.90 8.6 1.42 (EH) 40 33 18 (SS) 0.91 (H) 0.8 0.8

1.10-1.20 8.3 1.80 (EH) IS 45 13 (S) IS - 1.1 1.40-1.50 8.3 0.89 (H) 43 33 11 (S) 0.73 (M) 0.8 1.3 Lockyer (site 638)

0-.10 6.5 0.04 (VL) 26 15 <1 0.77 (M) 0.6 2.3 .20-.30 7.2 0.04 (VL) 38 27 1 0.61 (M) 0.7 2.5 .50-.60 7.6 0.05 (VL) 29 27 2 0.80 (M) 0.9 2.6 .80-.90 7.5 0.04 (VL) 22 23 2 0.90 (H) 1.0 2.6

1.10-1.20 7.2 0.03 (VL) 21 21 1 0.86 (H) 1.0 2.7 1.40-1.50 7.2 0.02 (VL) Maroon (site 647)

0-.10 5.6 0.030(VL) 30 10 6(S) 0.65(M) 0.3 0.70 11 .20-.30 5.5 0.050(VL) 51 17 18(SS) 0.70(M) 0.3 0.06 36 .50-.60 4.9 0.257(L) 69 28 29(SS) 0.78(M) 0.4 0.01 27 .80-.90 4.7 0.595(M) 71 31 37(SS) 0.78(M) 0.4 0.01 22

1.10-1.20 4.7 0.626(M) 69 34 37(SS) 0.99(H) 0.5 0.01 19 1.40-1.50 4.8 0.538(M)

EH = extremely high levels salinity, VH = very high, H = high, M = medium, L = low, VL = very low IS = insufficient sample S = sodic, SS = strongly sodic

37

The relative abundance of exchangeable cations and total major elements in the subsoil are shown in Table 17. Where the Ca/Mg ratio is low in the Bremer soils sites, there is a corresponding low Ca/CEC. These sites tend to have cation imbalance, which may affect their physical properties. Sites with Ca/CEC ratio of less than 65% are likely to have poor structure and dispersive clays. These also include all Lockrose sites, most Lockyer sites and Maroon soils. The Mg/CEC ratio in all Bremer, Lockrose, Lockyer and Maroon sites is consistently higher than the desired 10−15%. The high magnesium levels are at the expense of Ca and, when Na is present, are likely to exacerbate dispersion of these soils. The K/CEC ratio is generally within the acceptable 1−5%, except a few sites in the Bremer and Lockrose which have lower values. All alluvial soils have a good reserve of total K, except Maroon, and are therefore not likely to have critical K deficiency problems. Total P and K are mainly medium to high in all the alluvial soils except Maroon, which has low levels. Most alluvial soils have low to medium total sulfur levels.

Soils developed on sedimentary rocks on undulating rises to steep hills and mountains Selected properties of the soils developed on sedimentary rocks are shown in Table 18. The red Kamerigo soils have a neutral pH and very low EC down to 0.5 m, below which the EC reaches medium levels. The soils are sodic below 0.2 m and become strongly sodic below 0.5 m. The dispersive characteristic of the strongly sodic deep subsoil is confirmed by a high dispersion ratio. The adverse dispersive nature is exacerbated by the low Ca/Mg ratio showing the predominance of Mg over Ca as the major exchangeable cation. The presence of high Mg levels possibly worsens the dispersive nature of the sodic soils. Table 17. Relative abundance of cations and total major elements in the subsoils of soils on the alluvial plains

Soils Exchangeable cation ratios Total elements % Ca/CEC Mg/CEC K/CEC P K S

Bremer Site 215 77 35 0.5 259 79 38 1.1 0.13 (VH)* 1.18 (H) 0.02 (M) 263 62 34 1.3 0.05 (H) 0.94 (M) 0.02 (M) 316 37 61 0.9 489 11 34 2.1 538 61 36 1.0 0.09 (H) 1.16 (H) 0.03 (M) 541 14 60 1.0 0.04 (M) 0.99 (M) 0.02 (M) 609 59 24 1.0 0.08 (H) 1.12 (H) 0.03 (M)

Mean (Range)

52 (11−79)

39 (24−60)

1.1 (0.5−2.1)

0.08 (H) (0.04−0.13)

1.08 (H) (0.94−1.16)

0.02 (M)

Lockrose Site 36 63 33 0.9 0.14 (VH) 1.38 (H) 0.01 256 33 62 0.6 359 36 50 1.2 0.03 (M) 1.00 (H) 0.01 532 36 29 1.0 0.03 (M) 1.35 (H) 0.02 (M) 793 47 41 2.4 0.11 (VH) 1.52 (H) 0.02 (M)

Mean (Range)

43 (33−63)

43 (29−62)

1.2 (0.6−2.4)

0.07 (H) (0.03−0.14)

1.25 (H) (1.00-1.52)

0.02 (M)

Lockyer Site 353 62 35 0.9 0.10 (H) 1.23 (H) 0.01 403 40 43 1.6 0.09 (H) 1.58 (H) 0.02 (M) 638 70 27 2.0 0.10 (H) 1.40 (H) 0.01

Mean (Range)

57 (40−70)

35 (27−43)

1.5 (0.9−2.0)

0.10 (H) 1.40 (H) (1.23−1.58)

0.01

Maroon Site 647 1.0 46 1.1 0.01 (L) 0.19 (L) 0.01

* VH = very high levels salinity, H = high, M = medium, L = low

The Kenilworth soils are more variable in their chemical properties, depending on the locality and landform. The Kenilworth soils at site 417 have neutral surface and strongly alkaline subsoil. The

38

soils have very low EC, ESP and dispersion ratio. They have a favourable Ca/Mg ratio and the clay mineralogy is likely to consist mainly of illite with subordinate amounts of montmorillonite and kaolinite, but predominantly montmorillonite in the subsoil. Contrary to site 417, Kenilworth soils at site 819 are strongly acid, and have high EC, strongly sodic and have a high dispersion ratio in the subsoils. The Ca/Mg ratio is very low indicating the predominance of Mg, which would worsen the dispersion of the soils. The clay minerals present are likely illite with minor amount of montmorillonite. The red Milford soils, although having strongly acid subsoils, are both sodic in the subsoil and strongly sodic at depth. The EC is however very low and only becomes moderate at depth. The comparatively low levels of CEC and low clay activity ratio suggest the presence of mainly kaolinite in the clay fraction. The low Ca/Mg ratio indicates the predominance of Mg as the exchangeable cation. The Normanby soils, developed on calcareous shale, have a strongly alkaline pH in the subsoil. As expected, this correlates with strong sodicity and a high dispersion ratio. EC is only moderate in the subsoil. A moderate clay activity ratio indicates that illite is the dominant clay mineral in the clay fraction. Magnesium, which may affect the dispersion of the soil, is significantly higher than Ca in the deep subsoil, which is unusual for a soil developed on calcareous shale. Rockville, mainly alkaline, is one of the most extensive soils on sedimentary rocks. Unlike the other soils, no pH and EC/ESP relationship was found (Table 18) although the EC and ESP have a similar trend down the soil profile (Figure 6). The sodicity is more related to the EC and dispersion ratio of the soil. Where the Ca/Mg ratio is less than unity, Mg probably plays an important role in soil dispersion. The clay activity ratio is variable probably due to the landscape difference and variation of the parent material. At sites 319 and 435, montmorillonite is probably the dominant clay mineral. At site 412 and the surface of site 416, illite is possibly the major clay mineral. The apparent high clay activity ratio in the subsoil of site 416 is probably misleading. Here, it is likely the CEC not only come from clay but the silt and fine sand fractions of the weathering parent material in the B3 or B/C horizon which have not been taken into account (Table 18).

Salinity of Rockville Soils on sedimentary rocks

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8EC (dS/m)

Dep

th (

cm)

Site 319

Site 412

Site 416

Site 435

L M H

Sodicity of Rockville Soils on Sedimentary rocks

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

0 10 20 30ESP%

Dep

th (

cm)

S ite 319

S ite 412

S ite 416

S ite 435

NS S SS L = low salinity M = medium H = high NS = non sodic S = sodic SS = strongly sodic

Figure 6. Salinity and sodicity of Rockville soils on sedimentary rocks

39

Table 18. Selected properties of soils developed on sedimentary rocks

Depth m

pH EC dS/m

Clay CEC ESP Disp ratio Clay act. Ratio

Ca/Mg Al sat.

Kamerigo (site 355) 0-.10 6.2 0.06 (VL)* 28 11 2 0.49 (L)* 0.4 1.6

.20-.30 5.9 0.07 (VL) 49 15 7 (S)# 0.76 (M) 0.3 0.5

.50-.60 7.6 0.33 (M) 52 24 20 (SS) 0.87 (H) 0.5 0.4 Kenilworth (site 417)

0-.10 6.2 0.04 (VL) 36 23 1 0.43 (L) 0.6 3.8 .20-.30 6.6 0.04 (VL) 57 38 1 0.48 (L) 0.7 4.5 .50-.60 8.6 0.10 (L) 33 50 1 0.37 (L) 1.5 6.9

Kenilworth (site 819) 0-.10 6.1 0.06 (VL) 31 14 7 (S) 0.61 (M) 0.5 0.8

.20-.30 5.5 0.08 (VL) 52 22 11 (S) 0.72 (M) 0.4 0.3 9

.50-.60 5.1 0.33 (M) IS 28 21 (SS) IS - 0.2 7

.80-.90 5.0 0.62 (H) 52 30 28 (SS) 0.96 (H) 0.6 0.2 3 1.10-1.20 5.3 0.66 (H) 51 33 30 (SS) 0.96 (H) 0.6 0.2 1.40-1.50 5.8 0.72 (H) 50 37 29 (SS) 0.94 (H) 0.7 0.2

Milford (site 982) 0-.10 5.7 0.03 (VL) 27 6 5 0.69 (M) 0.2 1.0

.20-.30 5.9 0.02 (VL) 42 10 9 (S) 0.54 (L) 0.2 0.3

.50-.60 5.2 0.09 (VL) 63 17 11 (S) 0.39 (L) 0.3 <0.1

.80-.90 4.7 0.23 (L) 62 21 19 (SS) 0.63 (M) 0.3 <0.1 1.10-1.20 4.6 0.35 (M) 67 26 25 (SS) 0.76 (M) 0.4 0.1 1.40-1.50 4.6 0.38 (M)

Normanby (site 1010) 0-.10 7.6 0.15 (L) IS 36 1 IS - 2.4

.20-.30 8.7 0.18 (L) 60 37 6 (S) 0.72 (M) 0.6 1.9

.50-.60 9.0 0.44 (M) 67 34 17 (SS) 0.92 (H) 0.5 1.0

.80-.90 8.6 0.41 (M) 71 32 22 (SS) IS 0.5 0.8 1.10-1.20 8.3 0.38 (M) 49 33 24 (SS) 0.87 (H) 0.7 0.7

Rockville (site 319) 0-.10 6.4 0.09 (VL) IS 56 2 IS - 1.8

.20-.30 7.8 0.08 (VL) 67 61 4 0.61 (M) 0.9 1.6

.50-.60 9.0 0.33 (M) 64 55 12 (S) IS 0.9 0.7

.80-.90 8.8 0.40 (M) 62 50 19 (SS) IS 0.8 0.6 Rockville (site 412)

0-.10 6.4 0.06 (VL) 40 20 3 IS 0.5 1.2 .20-.30 6.8 0.09 (VL) 60 33 5 0.75 (M) 0.6 0.8 .50-.60 6.4 0.28 (L) 64 36 11 (S) IS 0.6 0.4

Rockville (site 416) 0-.10 6.0 0.08 (L) 16 9 5 0.56 (L) 0.6 1.5

.20-.30 6.4 0.21 (M) 40 19 10 (S) 0.74 (M) 0.5 0.4

.50-.60 7.2 0.59 (H) 44 28 18 (SS) 0.94 (H) 0.6 0.3

.80-.90 7.5 0.73 (H) 40 37 21 (SS) 0.93 (H) 0.9 0.3 1.10-1.20 7.5 0.59 (H) 20 47 21 (SS) 0.89 (H) 2.4 0.4 1.40-1.50 7.0 0.38 (H) 13 41 19 (SS) 0.83 (H) 3.2 0.4

Rockville (site 435) 0-.10 6.8 0.08 (VL) - - 2 - - -

.20-.30 7.9 0.07 (VL) 67 62 2 0.53 (L) 0.9 3.5

.50-.60 8.5 0.12 (VL) 72 66 5 0.66 (M) 0.9 2.4

.80-.90 8.8 0.27 (L) 66 62 8 (S) 0.66 (M) 0.9 1.7 1.10-1.20 9.2 0.25 (L) 67 59 10 (S) 0.60 (M) 0.9 1.6 1.40-1.50

Toohill (site 380) 0-.10 5.9 0.06 (VL) - 22 5 - - 0.6 2

.20-.30 5.7 0.06 (VL) 60 26 10 (S) 0.81 (H) 0.4 0.4 18

.50-.60 4.9 0.32 (M) 75 38 16 (SS) 0.65 (M) 0.5 0.2 17

.80-.90 4.7 0.54 (M) 79 49 20 (SS) - 0.6 0.1 16 1.10-1.20 4.6 0.57 (M) 79 52 20 (SS) - 0.7 0.1 16 1.40-1.50 4.6 0.56 (M)

40

Table 18. (cont). Depth

m pH EC

dS/m Clay CEC ESP Disp ratio Clay act.

Ratio Ca/Mg Al

sat. Wyaralong (site 578)

0-.10 6.0 0.04 (VL) 6 3 <1 - 0.5 2.1 13 .20-.30 5.9 0.02 (VL) 5 1 <1 - 0.2 1.6 92 .50-.60 5.8 0.05 (VL) 4 10 10 (S) - 2.5 0.2 9

Waters (site 423) 0-.10 5.4 0.040 (VL) 29 12 1 0.43 (L) 0.4 0.5

.20-.30 6.9 0.160 (L) 46 19 14 (S) 0.84 (H) 0.4 0.1

.50-.60 8.1 0.560 (M) 57 30 21 (SS) 0.91 (H) 0.5 <0.1

.80-.90 8.8 0.930 (H) 64 44 19 (SS) 0.94 (H) 0.7 0.1 1.10-1.20 9.0 0.800 (H) 61 46 17 (SS) 0.92 (H) 0.8 0.2 1.40-1.50 9.2 0.630 (M) 54 44 15 (SS) 0.97 (H) 0.8 0.2

Waters (site 854) 0-.10 5.6 0.050 (VL) 11 5 3 0.46 (L) 0.5 1.4 10

.20-.30 5.6 0.060 (VL) 63 20 11 (S) 0.65 (M) 0.4 0.2 35

.50-.60 5.2 0.277 (M) 51 25 21 (SS) 0.89 (H) 0.5 0.1 34

.80-.90 5.1 0.354 (M) 32 24 27 (SS) 0.77 (M) 0.8 0.1 28 1.10-1.20 5.1 0.348 (M) 29 22 28 (SS) 0.70 (M) 0.8 0.1 25 1.40-1.50 5.2 0.311 (M)

* H = high salinity levels, M = medium, L = low, VL = very low; # S = sodic, SS = strongly sodic IS = insufficient sample

A comparison of EC and ESP of Toohill soils is shown on Figure 7. The soil at site 380 is strongly sodic. The available information is insufficient to reveal any relationship between sodicity and dispersion. The clay activity ratio at site 380 is 0.4−0.7, suggesting the presence of illite, with an increasing amount of montmorillonite with depth. The Ca/Mg ratio is extremely low in both profiles of Toohill, which suggests the presence of dominant Mg cation in the exchange sites and its likely role in exacerbating the dispersion of the soils.

Salinity of Toohill Soils on Sedimentary rocks

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

EC (dS/m)

Dep

th (

cm)

Site 380

Site 982

L M H

Sodicity of Toohill Soils on Sedimentary rocks

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

ESP%

Dep

th (

cm)

Site 380

Site 982

NS S SS

L = low salinity M = medium H = high NS = non sodic S = sodic SS = strongly sodic

Figure 7. Salinity and sodicity of Toohill soils on sedimentary rocks The Wyaralong soils are medium acid and have very low level of EC. The bleached and coarse textured soils have low clay content and very low nutrient levels (CEC) in the surface. The Waters soils are bleached, strongly acid to strongly alkaline in the subsoil. The EC is very low in the topsoil, but moderate in the subsoil of an acidic profile and high in an alkaline profile. The subsoil is strongly sodic with a moderate to high dispersion ratio. The clay activity ratio of 0.4−0.5 in the topsoil indicates the dominance of illite. The subsoil with a ratio of 0.8 suggests the presence of mainly expanding clay, montmorillonite. The low Ca/Mg ratio in the subsoil indicates a high amount of Mg in the exchange complex, which would compound the effect of Na in the dispersion of this soil.

41

Table 19. Relative abundance of cations and total major elements in subsoil of soils on sedimentary rocks

Exchangeable % Total elements % Soils Ca/CEC Mg/CEC K/CEC P K S

Kamerigo site 355 25 56 4.0 0.02 (M)* 0.86 (M) 0.01 Kenilworth site 417 83 15 1.1 0.05 (M) 0.58 (M) 0.01

819 13 59 0.6 0.02 (M) 0.16 (L) 0.01 Milford site 982 5 35 1.5 0.01 (L) 0.08 (VL) <0.01 Normanby site 1010 42 42 0.8 0.03 (M) 1.62 (H) 0.01 Reynold site 419 0.4 56 1.7 0.01 (L) 1.02 (H) 0.02 (M) Rockville site 319 39 45 0.3 0.03 (M) 0.58 (M) 0.02 (M)

412 32 58 1.8 0.04 (M) 0.87 (M) 0.02 (M) 435 62 29 0.2 0.01 (L) 0.40 (L) 0.01

Toohill site 380 11 53 0.8 0.03 (M) 0.13 (L) 0.01 Wyaralong site 578 43 57 6.3 0.01 (L) 0.82 (M) <0.01 Waters site 423 9 72 0.8 0.02 (M) 0.48 (L) 0.02 (M)

854 4 39 0.9 0.01 (L) 0.40 (L) <0.01 * VL = very low L = low M = medium H = high

The relative abundance of exchangeable cations and total major elements in the subsoils of soils developed on sedimentary rocks is shown in Table 19. The Ca/CEC is generally less than 65% in all soils, and in Reynold, Toohill and Waters it is exceptionally low. The Mg/CEC in all soils on sedimentary rocks are higher than 15% and hence Mg is a dominant cation in the exchange complex. Many of the K/CEC ratios are lower than the desired minimum of 1%. Deficiency of K is very apparent especially when the total K is also low. The total P is low to medium in all soils on sedimentary rocks in the Boonah area. The total S in all soils is generally low. The chemical data suggest soils developed on sedimentary rocks should benefit from the application of fertiliser incorporating the major elements, P, K and S.

Soils developed on acid, intermediate and basic igneous rocks on undulating rises to steep hills and mountains Charlwood soils developed on acid volcanic rocks are strongly acid in the subsoil (Table 20). The soils have very low to low EC and dispersion ratio. The subsoil is sodic with an exchangeable sodium percentage of 6−8. The Ca/Mg ratio is within the desirable range. The Charlwood soils have very low activity clay, and the clay minerals are most likely gibbsite and kaolinite. Aluminium saturation at depth approaches 60%, which is detrimental to healthy growth of deep rooted crops. Churchbank soils, developed on intermediate or basic igneous rocks, have strongly acid to strongly alkaline pH depending on the locality. The neutral to strongly acid soil profiles have very low EC, are mainly non-sodic and have a low to moderate dispersion ratio. The clay activity ratio in the strongly acid Churchbank (site 772) is very low which is typical of highly leached soils where gibbsite and kaolinite are the main clay minerals. The Ca/Mg ratio of the neutral to strongly acid profiles is 1.6−5.5, which is within the desirable range. The strongly alkaline Churchbank (site 16) on undulating rises has moderate to high EC and a strongly sodic subsoil with a high dispersion ratio. The positive correlation of salinity and sodicity of the Churchbank soils is shown in Figure 8. The clay activity ratio suggests the presence of illite and subordinate amount of expanding clay, montmorillonite. The Ca/Mg ratio is, contrary to the neutral and strongly acid counterparts, low, suggesting the dominance of Mg in the exchange complex. The predominance of Mg possibly plays a significant role in the dispersion of the alkaline member of this soil.

42

Salinity of Churchbank Soils on Basic Igneous rocks

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

Salinity (dS/m)D

epth

(cm

)

Site 16

Site 501

Site 772

L M H

Sodicity of Churchbank Soils on Basic Igneous rocks

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

0 10 20 30 40 50Sodicity (ESP)

Dep

th (

cm)

Site 16

Site 501

Site 772

NS S SS

L = low salinity M = medium H = high NS = non sodic S = sodic SS = strongly sodic

Figure 8. Salinity and sodicity of Churchbank soils on basic igneous rocks Table 20. Selected characteristics of soils developed on acid, intermediate and basic igneous rocks

Depth m

pH EC dS/m

Clay CEC ESP Disp ratio Clay act. ratio

Ca/Mg Al sat.

Charlwood (site 822) 0-.10 6.5 0.10 (L) 30 11 3 0.56 (L) 0.4 2.4

.20-.30 5.9 0.07 (VL) 33 6 6 (S) 0.47 (L) 0.2 2.5

.50-.60 5.0 0.08 (VL) 47 6 7 (S) < 0.1 (L) 0.1 4.1 20

.80-.90 4.6 0.06 (VL) 50 5 6 (S) < 0.1 (L) 0.1 3.3 58 1.10-1.20 4.2 0.13 (L) 49 6 8 (S) < 0.1 (L) 0.1 2.0 55 1.40-1.50 4.0 0.12 (L)

Churchbank (site 16) 0-.10 6.1 0.04 (VL) 37 14 3 0.7 (M) 0.4 1.1

.20-.30 6.9 0.09 (L) 38 14 16 (SS) 0.8 (M) 0.4 0.9

.50-.60 8.9 0.28 (M) 30 19 30 (SS) 0.9 (H) 0.6 0.6

.80-.90 9.4 0.61 (H) 34 31 40 (SS) 0.99 (H) 0.9 0.5 1.10-1.20 9.2 0.58 (H) 46 28 39 (SS) 0.98 (H) 0.6 0.6 1.40-1.50 8.8 0.47 (M) 50 30 38 (SS) 0.98 (H) 0.6 0.6

Churchbank (site 501) 0-.10 6.4 0.06 (VL) 28 17 3 0.54 (L) 0.6 1.9

.20-.30 6.1 0.06 (VL) 63 29 5 0.63 (M) 0.5 1.7

.50-.60 7.6 0.21 (L) 60 41 9 (S) 0.63 (M) 0.7 1.6 Churchbank (site 772)

0-.10 6.0 0.15 (L) IS 8 2 IS - 2.8 .20-.30 5.9 0.06 (VL) 43 7 2 IS 0.2 3.1 .50-.60 6.5 0.02 (VL) 49 7 1 0.50 (L) 0.1 5.5 .80-.90 6.3 0.03 (VL) 50 6 1 0.45 (L) 0.1 4.5

1.10-1.20 4.4 0.05 (VL) 50 5 1 0.27 (L) 0.1 2.8 42 1.40-1.50 4.2 0.07 (VL)

Deer (site 428) 0-.10 6.3 0.06 (VL) 22 15 5 1.15?? 0.7 0.7

.20-.30 7.9 0.19 (L) 37 18 17 (SS) 0.97 (H) 0.5 0.4

.50-.60 9.2 0.61 (H) 31 16 24 (SS) 0.97 (H) 0.5 0.3 Jimna (site 432)

0-.10 6.3 0.05 (VL) 36 26 1 0.51 (L) 0.7 2.0 .20-.30 6.4 0.06 (VL) 46 28 3 0.58 (L) 0.6 1.7 .50-.60 7.4 0.31 (M) 61 46 6 (S) 0.53 (L) 0.8 1.4 .80-.90 8.1 0.99 (H) 61 IS - 0.53 (L) - -

1.10-1.20 7.9 1.30 (VH) 61 51 12 (S) 0.53 (L) 0.8 1.1 1.40-1.50 8.2 1.04 (H) 48 59 10 (S) 0.54 (L) 1.2 1.4

* VH = very high salinity levels, H = high, M = medium, L = low and VL = very low. General rating according to Bruce and Rayment (1982)

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The Deer soils on basic volcanic rocks are similar to the strongly alkaline Churchbank. The lower subsoil has high EC, is strongly sodic and has a high dispersion ratio. The Ca/Mg ratio is very low, suggesting that Mg may play a significant role in the dispersion of the Deer soils. The clay minerals are likely to be mainly illite. The Jimna soils on basic volcanic rocks are strongly alkaline below 0.8 m. These soils are only sodic in the lower subsoil. The low dispersion is possibly the result of a high Ca/Mg ratio where Ca is still a major cation of the exchange complex. The clay minerals are dominated by expanding clay, montmorillonite with a clay activity ratio of >0.8. The Ca/CEC ratio of soils on igneous rocks is generally lower than the desired level of 65−80% (Table 21). The Mg/CEC, on the other hand, is higher than the desired level of 10−15%. Mg is therefore the dominant cation in the exchange complex. Where Mg is higher than Ca, demonstrated by Ca/Mg ratio, the soils could become more dispersive. The K/CEC is within the desired range except in Jimna, which has low K levels. As would be expected from igneous rocks, the total P levels range from medium to high. The total K is, however, more variable and total S is low to moderate. Table 21. Relative abundance of cations and total major elements in subsoil of soils on igneous rocks

Exchangeable % Total elements % Soils Ca/CEC Mg/CEC K/CEC P K S

Charlwood Site 822 35 12 3.7 0.03 (M) 0.31 (L)* 0.04 (M) Churchbank Site 16 25 41 1.0 0.06 (H) 2.34 (H) 0.01

501 58 34 1.1 0.03 (M) 0.79 (M) 0.02 (M) 772 66 17 3.7 0.03 (M) 0.30 (L) 0.01

Deer Site 428 20 61 1.6 0.03 (M) 1.42 (H) 0.02 (M) Jimna Site 432 54 38 0.7 0.05 (H) 0.50 (M) 0.02 (M)

* L = low M = medium H = high

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5. LAND DEGRADATION

Land degradation involves the accelerated decline in land condition as a result of human activity. It is usually a problem when the land is cleared and intensively used with no conservation measures taken. Johnston (1979) concluded that one or more forms of degradation affect over 40% of the lands within the Bremer catchment. The decline in land condition includes features that are easy discernible such as soil erosion and landslips, to those less visible causes such as salinity and sodicity.

Salinity

Salinity refers to the presence of soluble salts in soil, and in both surface and subsurface waters. Many salinity problems are associated with human activities, which can accelerate salinity processes, contributing to long-term land and water degradation (DNR 1997). Salts originate from either the weathering of rock minerals or the deposition of oceanic salt onto the landscape through rain or wind. Where rainfall is the dominant source of salt, sodium chloride is the most common salt, and where weathering dominates, bicarbonate salts are more common (DNR 1997). The rate of salt formation through weathering is very slow and varies between different rock types and under different climatic conditions (Martin and Metcalfe 1998). In Queensland, the average annual rainfall is a useful indicator of salinity risk. In dryland salinity, secondary watertable salting is commonly associated with areas that receive an average of 500−1200 mm of rainfall each year. In general, areas receiving on average more than 700 mm/yr and less than 1100 mm/yr are at the highest risk of watertable salting. The Boonah area’s rainfall is within this range (Table 2). In the Boonah area, catena form of salting (DNR 1997) is common. This form of salting comprises shallow soils in upslope positions overlying weathered parent material with soils gradually becoming deeper and heavier textured down slope extending to heavy clay on level alluvial areas. Salting results from lateral water movement down the slope and discharges in the break-of-slope positions where the heavier clays or geologic features restrict the water movement. Salts in the slightly to moderately saline seepage waters may then concentrate at the surface. Groundwater movement depends on the hydraulic conductivity of the soil or rock. Because land uses such as tree clearing for agriculture disturb the natural hydrologic equilibrium in a landscape, salinity processes are generally accelerated and worsened. It is understood that salinity hazard is greater under most crops than under pasture, because crops generally use less water than pastures do. The areas of land affected by different levels of salinity in the soils on alluvial plains and on rises, hills and mountains in the study area are shown in Table 22. The soil salinity rating used is shown in Table 23. Medium salinity level (Sa3) is most common for both groups of soils. At this level of salinity the soils are unsuitable for navy bean, bean, avocado and mango. Salinity levels below Sa3 only have none to moderate limitations for all crops. Only a small proportion of soils have salinity above Sa3. Table 22. Area of land (ha) affected by different levels of salinity in soils on alluvial plains and on rises, hills and

mountains Salinity level/rating EC+ (dS/m)

Sa1* <0.07−<0.15

Sa2 0.07−0.3

Sa3 0.15−0.7

Sa4 0.34−1.18

Sa5 0.63−1.87

Area of soils (ha) on alluvial plains

3379 (15%)#

3630 (16%)

14 076 (63%)

1004 (5%)

198 (1%)

Area of soils (ha) on rises, hills and mountains

15 463 (13%)

8046 (7%)

94 618 (80%)

615 (<1%)

77 (<1%)

* For details refer Appendix 3. # % of the group of soils + Mean profile electrical conductivity

45

In general, crops tolerate salinity up to a threshold level but, above this, yields decrease approximately linearly with increasing salt concentrations (Maas and Hoffman 1977). The tolerance of common crops to saline irrigation water is shown in Table 24. Table 23. Soil salinity rating for four ranges of soil clay content (DNR 1997) Soil salinity rating EC1:5 range (dS/m) based on clay content of soil (%) Plant salt tolerance 10–20% 20–40% 40–60% 60–80% Very low (Sa1) <0.07 <0.09 <0.12 <0.15 Sensitive crops Low (Sa2) 0.07–0.15 0.09–0.19 0.12–0.24 0.15–0.30 Moderately sensitive crops Medium (Sa3) 0.15–0.34 0.19–0.45 0.24–0.56 0.30–0.70 Moderately tolerant crops High (Sa4) 0.34–0.63 0.45–0.76 0.56–0.96 0.70–1.18 Tolerant crops Very high (Sa5) 0.63–0.93 0.76–1.21 0.96–1.53 1.18–1.87 Very tolerant crops Extremely high (Sa6) >0.93 >1.21 >1.53 >1.87 Too saline for crops The salinity levels of common soils in the Boonah area are shown in Table 25 based on the criteria to determine the levels in Table 23. There is a general relationship between salinity and sodicity. Where the salinity is high or very high, the soil is either sodic or strongly sodic, and where the salinity is low or very low the soil is non-sodic. However there are exceptions, eg. in the Charlwood soils developed on acid igneous rocks. Table 24. Tolerance of selected crops to irrigation water of different salinity levels

High (3−5 dS/m)

Medium (1.3−3 dS/m)

Low (0.65−1.3 dS/m)

Very low (0−0.65 dS/m)

Broadacre crops Barley Grain sorghum Cotton Wheat Oats Millets

Maize Sunflower Cowpea

Navy bean

Soybean Lupin Peanut

Pastures Callide Rhodes grass Paspalum Couch grass Ryegrass

Setaria Lablab

Kikuyu White clover Phasey bean Lucerne Siratro Forage oats Guinea grass

Small crops Beetroot Rockmelon Potato Lettuce Asparagus Tomato Radish Peas Spinach Broccoli Celery Beans Cauliflower Carrot Broad bean Onion Pumpkin Cucumber Sweet corn Zucchini Squash

Tree and vine crops Olive Citrus Avocado Apricot Apple Papaw Grape Mango Macadamia

The broad management options for controlling secondary salinity (Moore 1998) are:

• Improving annual crop and pasture agronomy; • Using perennial plants; • Managing shallow water;

46

• Managing the groundwater; • Protecting and managing the remnant vegetation; • Managing soils with major chemical and/or physical limitations; and • Managing groundwater discharge sites.

Lucerne is an excellent option for recharge control, which can be as effective as native vegetation.

Sodicity

Sodic soils have an exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of 6–15 and highly sodic soils more than 15 (Northcote and Skene 1972). The ESP is determined as: ESP = (Exchangeable Na x 100)/Cation Exchange Capacity A soil with high levels of sodium in the lattice clays is liable to swelling and dispersion causing deterioration of the soil physical condition. The effects of physical deterioration of soils are: waterlogging, crusting and hardsetting, poor infiltration, reductions of plant available water capacity, poor seedling emergence, poor aeration and poor root development. The physical deterioration can also lead to gully and tunnel erosion. The presence of high level of sodium in the exchange sites of clays can also cause a direct toxic effect on plants through the release of Na to form sodium hydroxide. Soils with pH1:5 W >8.5 are generally sodic, but not all sodic soils are alkaline (Gupta and Abrol 1990). In addition to the physical deterioration of sodic soils, the high pH generally associated with sodic soils can cause nutrient deficiencies including P, N, Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe. Some of the sodic soils in the Boonah area have a high level of magnesium (low Ca/Mg) in addition to sodium in the exchange sites. The ESP of these soils may only be moderate, yet they can have poor physical conditions. The sodicity of common soils where detailed chemical data is available is shown in Table 25. There is a strong relationship between salinity and sodicity, and most soils with high to very high salinity are sodic to strongly sodic in the subsoil. The extent of sodic soils in the Boonah area is shown in Table 26. Most of the soils on the alluvial plains are either sodic or strongly sodic. On rises, hills and mountains the soils are sodic or non-sodic irrespective of the parent rocks. Sodic soils with ESP (6−15) have a moderate effect for most crops production, whereas strongly sodic (ESP 15−25) soils have serious effects on crop production for carrot, beans, brassica, cucurbits, beetroot, grape vines and tree crops. Based on expert opinion1 sodicity has not been used as a limitation in evaluation of land for crops. Sodicity within a soil profile is recognised as an important soil characteristic for the management of some soils within Queensland. It affects agricultural production and is implicated in land degradation and should be recorded as an attribute of the soil profile. As a major soil profile attribute in some soils it may have an effect on limitations such as water availability (m), salinity (sa), soil depth (pd), wetness (w), surface condition (ps), and potentially a number of other limitations which will be identified as our understanding of its effects increases. Most sodic soils in the Boonah area have comparatively high pH values which cause soil organic matter to disperse, further weakening soil structure. Kaolinite soils are not affected by sodicity, and association of sesquioxides in clays are also resistant to damage. Soils with shrink and swell clay (montmorillonite) can also assist plants to tolerate higher ESP than those with limited capacity to shrink and swell (Shaw 1994). Gypsum and lime are used for management of sodic soils. In particular, lime is used for sodicity in soils which are also acid, where it would also raise soil pH; but lime is unsuitable for alkaline soils,

1 Principal Scientists B Powell & M J Grundy; Senior Soil Scientist P Wilson (Bundaberg)

47

which would benefit from gypsum application. Also, high levels of organic matter promote aggregation, resulting in decreased dispersion. Table 25. Salinity and sodicity rating at defined depths of selected soils in the Boonah area Salinity (EC dS/m)+ Sodicity (ESP)# Soil (site) 0.3 m 0.6 m 1.2 m 0.3 m 0.6 m 1.2 m Bremer (215) H* H M S* S S (259) VL VL VL NS NS NS (263) VL VL H NS S SS (316) EH VH VH SS SS S (538) L M M NS NS NS (541) M H H S S SS (609) VH EH M SS SS S Lockrose (36) VL VL L NS NS NS (256) M H H S SS SS (359) L H H S SS SS (532) M H H SS SS SS (793) VL L M NS NS S Lockyer (353) VL VL VL NS NS NS (403) L VH EH SS SS S (638) VL VL VL NS NS NS Maroon (647) VL L M SS SS SS Kamerigo (355) VL M - S SS - Kenilworth (417) VL L - NS NS - (819) VL M H S SS SS Milford (982) VL VL M S S SS Normanby (1010) L M M S SS SS Rockville (319) VL M - NS S - (412) VL L - NS S - (416) M H H S SS SS (435) VL VL L NS NS S Toohill (380) VL M M S SS SS Wyaralong (578) VL VL - NS S - Waters (854) VL M M S SS SS Charlwood (822) VL VL L S S S Churchbank (16) L M H SS SS SS (501) VL L - NS S - (772) VL VL VL NS NS NS Deer (428) L H - SS SS - Jimna (432) VL M VH NS S S * VL = very low salinity, L = low, M = medium, H = high, VH = very high and EH = extremely high. +DNR 1997 * NS = non sodic, S = sodic, SS = strongly sodic. # Northcote and Skene 1972 Table 26. Area of land (ha) affected by different levels of sodicity on alluvial plains and on rises, hills and

mountains Sodicity level rating

ESP S1 <6

S2 6−15

S3 15−25

Area of soils (ha) on alluvial plains

3638 (16%)*

8595 (39%)

10 052 (45%)

Area of soils (ha) on rises, hills and mountains

13 437 (11%)

99 952 (84%)

5430 (5%)

• % of the group of soils

Soil erosion and mass wasting

Air-photo interpretation and limited observation points during the course of the ground survey has not discerned any significant large scale mass wasting in the Boonah area. It is believed that this form of

48

gully erosion is common on steep slopes where vegetation is sparse or absent. This form of erosion is also common close to creek or stream banks where cattle tracks are found. Localised erosion which, over time, may initiate gully erosion (Photo 7). Once started, wearing down of tracks by cattle hooves may result in gullies which quickly increase in size, especially in areas where the subsoil structure is poor because of soil sodicity, low organic matter content and low free iron. The gully moves up the slope and can become very destructive if the slope is not vegetated. Creek and stream bank erosion occurs where there is a marked increase in the velocity of flow after heavy rain periods. The bank is particularly vulnerable if the subsoil is structurally poor due to sodicity and very low free iron. Photo 6. a lateral gully head forming in an Photo 7. Gully erosion initiated by cattle track eroding creek bank

Weeds

Environmental weeds are plants which interfere with the conservation, management, use or enjoyment of the land or bush. They cause problems in the bush by smothering native plants and preventing their natural regeneration, by interfering with management, access and enjoyment, by increasing or decreasing the fire frequency or severity, and by reducing the availability of food and other resources needed by native animals, birds and other wildlife. Weeds are exotic plants, which under natural conditions tend to grow vigorously and out-compete the native plants. This is partly because the natives are attacked and suppressed by a wide range of local insects, fungi, bacteria and viruses, whereas the exotics are mainly free from such pests (Swarbrick 1997). Invasive exotic weeds have been identified as the most noticeable symptom of bushland degradation, and their control is often the most obvious, urgent and feasible activity that can be undertaken to restore the native bush. There are four methods of environmental weed control detailed in Swarbrick (1997):

• biological control through the release of exotic insects and diseases; • managerial control by changing the environment, eg. by controlled burns or by planting

competitive natives; • physical control, eg. by pulling up or cutting down the weeds; and • chemical control, by the use of suitable herbicides.

Swarbrick (1997) outlined the identification and control of the common weeds in the Boonah area and these weeds are listed in Table 27. Batianoff and Butler (2002) compiled the top fifty invasive plants in south-east Queensland; lantana, groundsel bush and mother of millions topped the list. No systematic survey or identification of the weeds has been attempted in the present study. However, at sites where soils, landform and vegetation were described, noogoora burr, fireweed, and mother of millions were common weeds.

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Table 27. Common weeds in the Boonah area in alphabetical order Common name Scientific name Origin

African boxthorn Lycium ferocissimum South Africa Annual ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia North America Balloon vine Cardiospermum grandiflorum Tropical Asia, Africa, America Bathurst burr Xanthium spinosum South America Broadleaf pepper tree Schinus terebinthifolia Brazil Castor oil Ricinus communis Tropical Asia, Africa Cat’s claw Macfadyena unguis-cati Tropical America Celtis or Chinese elm Celtis sinensis Eastern Asia Climbing asparagus ferns Asparagus africanus, A. plumosus South Africa Cockspur thorn Cudrania cochinchcinensis Rainforest margins SE

Queensland Common thornapple Datura stramonium North America Creeping lantana Lantana montevidensis Uraguay, Brazil Crofton weed Eupatorium adenophorum Central America Fierce thornapple Dutara ferox China Fireweed Senecio madagascariensis South Africa, Madagascar Groundsel bush Baccharis halimifolia Gulf of Mexico Lantana Lantana camara Tropical America Lippia Phyla canescens Warmer parts of the world Madeira vine or lamb’s tails Anredera cordifolia South America Mist flower Eupatorium riparium Central America Mother of millions and resurrection plant

Bryophyllum species South Africa

Noogoora burr Xanthium pungens North America Star burr Acanthospermum hispidum Americas Wild tobacco tree Solanum mauritianum South America

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6. LAND EVALUATION

Land suitability for agriculture

A five-class land suitability classification, with suitability decreasing progressively from class 1 to class 5, was used in evaluating the lands of the Boonah area. The land is assessed on the basis of a specified land use, which allows optimum production with minimal degradation to the land resource in the long-term (Land Resource Branch Staff, 1990). The five classes of land suitability classification are briefly defined below:

Class 1 Suitable land with negligible limitations; Class 2 Suitable land with minor limitations; Class 3 Suitable land with moderate limitations; Class 4 Marginal land, presently unsuitable due to severe limitations; and Class 5 Unsuitable land with extreme limitations that preclude its use.

Lands of the Boonah area were assessed for 16 climatically adapted crops listed in Table 28. To determine the suitability of any parcel of land (mapped as UMA) for a particular crop, it is necessary to consider the requirements for that crop. The main crop requirements and limitations for the 16 crops are shown in Table 29. Each UMA with its characteristic soil and land attributes was assessed against each of the 10 limitations. Soil and land attributes, which cause less than optimum conditions for a particular crop, are known as subclasses or limitations in the land suitability evaluation. The degree of each limitation affecting a crop is also assigned 1 to 5, which determines the suitability classes, with 1 being optimum conditions and 5 the most adverse effects to the crop. The critical limits of soil and land attributes used to determine the degree of limitation for each crop are based on land resource assessment studies in south-east Queensland (Wilson et al. 1999, Loi et al. 1997a,b, Harms and Pointon 1999) and discussion with the Principal Agronomist, Peter Deuter of DPI at Gatton and Senior Soil Scientist, Peter Wilson at Bundaberg. A description of the effect of each limitation on sustainable land use and the means of assessing the limitation is given in Appendix 3. Table 28. Crops assessed in the Boonah area Dryland crops and pastures Irrigated crops and pastures Tree and vine crops Barley Beans Avocado Grain crops Beetroot Citrus Navy beans Brassica Grape Paspalum Carrot Mango Rhodes grass Cucurbits Soybean Lucerne

Limitations and land suitability assessment Each UMA in the Boonah area was assessed for its suitability for the 16 climatically suitable crops, which include dryland and irrigated crops, pastures, and tree and vine crops. The environment, soil and terrain characteristics of each UMA were entered into the database, SALI-UMA. The critical limits of the 10 suitability subclasses (limitations) rated 1 to 5 for each of the 16 crops (Appendix 3), were also entered onto the database. Subclass 1 represents the optimum or no limitation and subclass 5 the most unfavourable. The most severe limitation(s) determined the suitability class of the UMA for a particular land use. SALI-UMA matched and calculated the soil and terrain limitations with the requirement of each crop to produce a suitability class for each UMA and each crop. If a UMA has more than one soil, the software calculated each soil in the UMA. Where the subdominant soil in a

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UMA covered 30−50% of the area, its suitability for the crop was taken into account if it has more severe limitation(s) than the dominant soil. The suitability of the UMA was then adjusted to reflect the effect of the subdominant soil. The final suitability of a UMA depended on the most severe limitations of the dominant and subdominant soils. The suitability class was thus determined by the most severe limitation(s) of that UMA. A moderate limitation of rockiness for carrot cultivation is shown in Photo 8. The land suitability of the UMAs for the 16 selected crops of the Boonah area is shown in Appendix 5. A similar list of land suitability based on soils has also been generated (Table 30). A list showing the suitability subclasses (limitations) to answer why any UMA or soil is suitable or unsuitable for any crop can also be generated. This would assist the user to know what the serious limitations are and whether they could be economically ameliorated. A summary of this data is shown in Appendix 4. Maps showing the suitability classes of Boonah UMAs for any of the 16 crops assessed can be obtained by request to NR&M, Indooroopilly. Table 29. Crop requirements and limitations in the Boonah area Crop requirements Limitations Frost-free and/or favourable temperature conditions frost and/or heat waves (c)

Adequate soil water supply soil water availability (m)

Adequate nutrient supply nutrient availability (nr)

Favourable levels of soluble salts salinity (sa)

Adequate soil aeration wetness (w)

Adequate soil depth for physical support effective soil depth (pd)

Absence of damaging floods flooding (f)

Optimum soil physical conditions adverse soil physical conditions (p)

Rock-free surface and/or plough layer rockiness ( r) Minimum soil loss from erosion water erosion (e)

Areas of land suitable for each crop are shown in Table 31. There are very limited class 1 lands suitable with negligible limitations. Less than 1% of the area is class 2 land for most crops, except for paspalum and Rhodes grass which each has 2.3% of land suitable. About 17% of the area is suitable class 3 land for barley, citrus, lucerne, sorghum and soybean; and only 2.5% of the area is suitable class 3 land for avocado and mango. When alluvial soils only are considered, a significantly higher proportionof land is generally suitable for

most crops. A total of 81–94% of the alluvial soils is suitable for barley, beetroot, brassica, carrot cucurbits, lucerne, sorghum and soybean (Table 32). Like most areas, Boonah agricultural land is mainly found on the alluvial plains. Land suitability maps for all 16 crops assessed are available on request from NR&M, Indooroopilly. The suitability of each UMA for the various crops considered is shown in Appendix 5. Any climatically suitable crops can be assessed by SALI-UMA if the crop requirements are known.

Photo 8. Rockiness, a moderate limitation for carrot on this alluvial soil

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Table 30. Land suitability class for various crops and agricultural land class of soils in the Boonah area

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Shallow soils less than 0.25 m

Ra 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 D

Ra-Kl 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Ra-Mn1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 D

Wk 5 5 4 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 D

Ws 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 D

Soils on level to gently undulating alluvial plains

B-Sp 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 A

B 4,5,3 3 5,4,3 3,4 3,4 3,4 4,3 3,4 4,3 3 4,5 4,3,5 3 3 3 3 A

B2 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A

Bb 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 A

B-Cb 4,5 3 5 3,4 3,4 3,4 4 3,4 4 3 4,5 3,5 3 3 3 3 A,B

B-Cd 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 A

B-Cd-Hr 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A

Bd 4,3 2,3 4,5 2,4 2,4 2,4 4,2 4,2 4,2 2,3 4,3 3 2 2 2,3 2,3 A,B

Bd-Ot 4 2 5 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 3 2 2 2 2 A

Bg 4,2 4,2,3 4,5,3 3,4 3,4,2 3,4 4,2 4,3,2 4,2 4,3,2 4,2 4,3,2 2 2 4,3,2 4,3,2 A,B

Bg-B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 2 2 3 3 A

Bg-Km 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 A

Bl 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A

Bl-Lg 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A

B-Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A

Bn 4 3 3 3 3 3 4,3 3 4 2 4,3 3 2 2 3 3 A

Bs 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A

Bs-Ff 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A

B-Sl-Ly 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A

B-Sp 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 A

B-STC 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Cb 3,4 3 4,5,3 3,4 3,4 3,4 3,4 3,4 3,4 3 3,4 3 3 3 3 3 B

Cb-Bl 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A

Cb-Ft 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A

Cb-Mu 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A

Cb-STC 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Cd 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A

Cd-Sp 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A

Cn 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 B

Cn-B 4 3 5 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 B

Cn-Mr 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B

Co 4 3 5 4 3,4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 B

Co-Bd 4 3 5 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 B

Co-Mr 4 3 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B

Cr 4 4 5 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 4 4 A

Ff 3,4 3 4,5 3,4 3,4 3,4 3,4 3,4 3,4 3 3,4 3 3 3 3 3 A,B

Ft 4,3 3 5,4 3,4 3,4 3,4 4,3 3,4 4,3 3 4,3 3 3 3 3 3 B,A

Gr 3,4 4 4,5 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3,4 4 3 3 4 4 B

Gy 4,3 3,4 5,3,4 3,4,5 3,4 3,4,5 4,3 3,4 4,3 3,4 4,3 3,4 3 3 3,4 3,4 A,B

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Gy-Hr 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A

Gy-Sp 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A

Hd 4 4,3 5,4 4,2 4,2 4,2 4 4,2 4 4,2 4 4 2 2 4,3 4,3 B,A

Hd-Cr 4 4 5 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 4 4 A

Hr 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A

Hy 4 3 5 2 2 2 4 2 4 1 4 2 2 2 3 3 A

Hy1 4 3 5 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B

Hy3 4 2 5 2 2 2 4 2 4 1 4 2 1 1 2 2 A

Hy-B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 2 2 3 3 A

Km 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A

Km-Hd-STC 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A

Km-Sl 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A

Lg 4 3 5 3 2,3 2,3 4 2,3 4 2,3 4 2,3 2 2 3 3 A

Lk 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A

Ls 4 3 5,4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A Ls−Gy 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A

Ls-B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A

Ls-B3 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A

Ls-Hr 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A

Ls-Ly 4,5 3 5 3,4 3,4 3,5 4,5 3,4 4,5 3,4 4,5 4,5 3,4 3 3,4 3,4 A,B

Ls-Mu 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A

Ls-STC 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Ly 4,3 3 5 3 3 3 4,3 3 4,3 3 4,3 3 3 3 3 3 A

Ly1-B 4 3 5 4 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B

Ly-Mn 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A

Ly-Rs 5 3 5 3 4 5 5 4 5 4 5 5 4 3 4 4 B

Ly-STC 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Ly-Wh 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A

Mk 4 2 5 3 2 3 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 A

Mn 3,4 3 3,5,4 3,4 3,4 3,4 3,4 3,4 3,4 3 3,4 3 3 3 3 3 A,B

Mn-Co 4 3 5 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A

Mn-Ly 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A

Mn-Sp 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A

Mr 4 3 5,4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A

Mr-STC 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Mu-Bs 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A

Mu-Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 2 2 3 2 A

Rs 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A

Rs-B 4 3,4 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3,4 3,4 A

Sk 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 2 4 3 2 2 3 3 A

Sl 4,3 2,4 5,4 3,4 3,4 3,4 4,3 3,4 4,3 2,4 4,3 3,4 2 2 2,4 2,4 A,B

Sp 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A

Sp-Gy 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A

Tw 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 3 4 5 3 3 4 4 C1

Ug 4 2 5 4 2 4 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 B

Wh 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A

Wh-Co 4 3 5 4 3 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A

Wh-Lg 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A

Table 30 (cont).

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Wm-Th 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A

Wr2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 4 4 5 5 D

Soils developed on sedimentary rocks

Bp 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 4 3 4 2 2 4 4 B

Bp2 3 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B

Bp-Ka 4 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B

Hs 3,4 4,5 5 5 4,5 5 3,4 5 3,4 4,5 3,4 4,5 3,4 3,4 4,5 4,5 B,D

Jl 3,4 4,5 4,5 4,5 4,5 4,5 3,4 4,5 3,4 4,5 3,4 4,5 3,4 3,4 4,5 4,5 B,D

Jl3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Ka 4 4,5 4,5 4,5 4,5 4,5 3,4 4,5 3,4 4,5 4 4,5 3,4 3,4 4,5 4,5 B,D

Ka1 4 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 C1

Ka1-Kl1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Ka2 5,4 5,4 5,4 5,4 5,4 5,4 5,3 5,4 5,3 5,4 5,4 5,4 5,3 5,3 5,4 5,4 D,B

Ka2-Tl2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D

Ka2-Wg2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Ka3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Ka-Bp 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D

Ka-KI 4 4 4,5 4,5 4,5 4,5 3 4,5 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B

Kb 3 3,4,5 4,5 4,5 4,5 4,5 3 4,5 3 3,5 3 3,4 3 3 3 3 B

Kb1 4 5,3,4 4,5 4,5 4,5 4,5 4 4,5 4 4,5 4 5,4,3 3,4 3,4 5,4,3 5,4,3 B,C1,D

Kb2 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 B

Kb3 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B

Kb3-Kl-Tl 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D

Kl 4 3,4,5 4,5 4,5 4,5 4,5 3 4,5 3 3,4,5 4 4,5 2,3 2,3 3,4,5 3,4,5 B,A

Kl1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B

Kl1-Rv1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Kl2 4 5 5 5 5 5 3,4 5,4 3,4 5 4 5 3,4,2 3,4,2 5 5 B,D

Kl2-Bp2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 D

Kl2-Ka2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Kl2-Kb2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Kl2-Kb3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Kl2-Ky2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Kl2-Rv2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Kl2-Sw1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Kl2-Sw2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Kl2-Tl2 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B

Kl3 4 5,4,3 4,5 4,5 4,5 4,5 3 4,5 3 4,5,3 4 4,5 2,3 2,3 4,5,3 4,5,3 B

Kl3-Rv2 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B

Kl-Kb3 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D

Kl-Mf 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B

Kl-Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 4,3 5 4,3 5 4 5 4,3 4,3 5 5 D,B

Kl-Tl 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 2 2 3 3 B

Ky 4 4 4,5 4,5 4,5 4,5 3,4 4,5 3,4 4,5 4 4,5 3,4 3,4 4,5 4,5 B,D

Ky1-Kl1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Ky2 4,5 5,4 5,4 5,4 5,4 5,4 3,5,4 5 3,5,4 5,4 4,5 4,5 3,5,4 3,5,4 5,4 5,4 D,B

Ky2-Kl2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Ky2-Sw2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Ky-Kl 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Table 30. (cont).

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Ky-Kl2 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B

Ky-Rv-Kl 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Mf 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 B

Mf2-Kl2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D

Mf2-Tl2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D

Mf-Rv2 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4,3 5 3 3 5 5 B

Nb 4 3,4,4 4,5 4,5 4,5 4,5 3,4 4,5 3,4 3,4,4 4 4 3 3 3,4,5 3,4,5 B

Nb3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B

Rd 2,3 3,4,5 4,5 4,5 4,5 4,5 2,3 4,5 2,3 3,4,5 2,3 3,4,5 2,3 2,3 3,4,5 3,4,5 B

Rv 4 3,4,5 4,5 4,5 4,5 4,5,3 3,4 4,5 3,4 3,4,5 4 4,5 3,4 3,4 3,4,5 3,4,5 B,D

Rv1-Ka 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 C1

Rv1-Kl1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Rv2 4 5 5 5,4 5,4 5 3,4 5 3,4 5 4 5 3,4 3,4 5 5 D,B

Rv2-Kl 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D

Rv2-Kl2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Rv2-Kl2-Ka2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Rv2-Kl2-Wl1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Rv2-Kl3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B

Rv3 4 5,4,3 4,5 4,5 4,5 4,5 3 4,5 3 4,5,3 4 4,5 3 3 5,4,3 5,4,3 B

Rv-Ka 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B

Rv-Kl 4 5,4,3 5,4 5,4 5,4 5,4 3,4 5,4 3,4 5,4,3 4 5,4 3,4 3,4 5,4,3 5,4,3 B,D

Rv-Kl-Mf3 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D

Rv-Ky 4,5 5,4 5,4 5,4 5,4 5,4 5,3 5,4 5,3 5,3 5,4 5,4 4,3 4,3 5,4 5,4 D,B

Rv-Mf 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B

Rv-Tl 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D

Rv-W2 4 4 5 5 4 5 3 5 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 B

Rv-Wt 4 5,4 5,4 5,4 5,4 5,4 3 5,4 3 5,4 4 5,4 3,2 3,2 5,4 5,4 B

Sw 4 4,5 5 5 5 5 3,4 5 4 4,5 3,4 4,5 3,4 3,4 4,5 5 B,D

Sw1 4,5 5 5 5 5 5 4,5 5 4,5 5 4,5 5 4,5 4,5 5 5 D

Sw1-Ky1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Tl 4 3,4,5 4,5 4,5 4,5 4,5 3,4 4,5 3,4 3,4,5 4 4,5 3,4 3,4 3,4,5 3,4,5 B,D

Tl2 4 5,4 5,4 5,4 5,4 5,4 4,3 5,4 4,3 5,4 4 5,4 4,3 4,3 5,4 5,4 D,B

Tl-Jl 4 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B

W2 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B

Wg 3,4 4,5 5,4 5,4 5,4 5,4 3,4,5 5,4 3,4,5 4,5 3,4,5 4,5 3,4,5 3,4,5 4,5 4,5 B,D

Wg-Wt 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D

Wg-Sw 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B

Wt 3,4 4,5 5,4 5,4 5,4 5,4 3,4 5,4 3,4 4,5 3,4 4,5 3,4 3,4 4,5 4,5 B,D

Wt1 4 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 C1

Wt1-Ky1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Wt2 3 4 4,5 4,5 4,5 4,5 3 4,5 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B

Wt-Rv 4 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B

Wt-Tl3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B

Soils developed on acid igneous rocks

Bo 2 3 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 3 B

Bo1-Ed2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Bo2-Cw2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Bo2-Ed3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Table 30. (cont).

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Bo3 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 4 4 B

Cw 3 3 3,4 3,4 3,4 3,4 3 3,4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 A,B

Cw2 3 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 3 5 5 B

Dd 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Dd2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Ed1-Bo1 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D

Ed1-Cw1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Ed1-Ek1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Ek1-Ed2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Rt 2,3 3,4 3,4 3,4 3,4 3,4 2,3 3,4 2,3 3,4 2,3 3,4 2,3 2,3 3,4 3,4 A,B

Sc2 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 A

Soils developed on intermediate and basic igneous rocks

Ch 4 4,3,5 4,5 4,5 4,5 4,5 4,3 4,5 4,3 4,3,5 4 4,5 3 3 3,4,5 3,4,5 B,D

Ch1-Dr1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Ch1-St1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Ch2 4,5 5 5 5 5 5 4,5 5 4,5 5 4,5 5 4,5 4,5 5 5 D

Ch2-Dr2 4,5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4,5 5 4,5 5 4 4 5 5 D

Ch3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 B

Ch-Dr 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B

Dr 3,4 4,3,5 4,5 4,5 4,5 4,5 3,4 4,5 3,4 4,5,3 3,4 4,3,5 3,4 3,4 4,3,5 4,3,5 B,D

Dr1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Dr2 4,5 5,4 5,4 5,4 5,4 5,4 4,3,5 5,4 4,3,5 5,4 4,5 5,4 4,5,3 4,3,5 5,4 5,4 D,B

Dr2-Ch2 5,4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5,4 5 5,4 5 5,4 5,4 5 5 D

Dr2-Ok2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D

Dr3 4 4,5 4,5 4,5 4,5 4,5 3,4 4,5 3,4 4,5 4 4,5 3,4 3,4 4,5 4,5 B,D

Dr-Dw 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B

Dr-Jn 4 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B

Dr-Ok 3,4 4,5 5 5 5 5 3,4 5 3,4 4 3,4 4,5 3,4 3,3 4,5 4,5 B,D

Dw 3 4 4,5 4,5 4,5 4,5 3 4,5 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B

Jn 4 3,4,5 4,5 4,5 4,5 4,5 3 4,5 3 3,4,5 4 4,5 3 3 3,4,5 3,4,5 B

Jn1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B

Na 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B

Na1 4,5 5 5 5 5 5 4,5 5 4,5 5 4,5 5 3,5 3,5 5 5 C1,D

Na2 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B

Na3 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B

Ok 2,5 4,5 4,5 4,5 4,5 4,5 2,5 4,5 2,5 4,5 2,5 4,5 2,5 2,5 4,5 4,5 B,D

Ok2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

Pd1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

St1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

St1-Ch1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

St1-Ch1-Dr1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

St1-ROC 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

In general, soils on the level to gently undulating plains are suitable for many crops and are considered to be good quality agricultural land (GQAL). However, Bremer and Lockrose soils, the most extensive in the area, are generally not suitable for tree crops due to salinity and flooding hazard. Other soil limitations on the plains are impeded drainage in Toogoolawah and Smokes, and low moisture availability in Cressbrook. These soils are unsuitable for most crops.

Table 30. (cont).

57

Table 31. Area (ha) and percentage of each suitability class for each crop

Crop Class 2 % Class 3 % Class 4 % Class 5 %

Avocado 680 0.5 3391 2.4 53 433 37.3 85 536 59.8 Barley 746 0.5 24 656 17.2 8918 6.2 108 720 76.0 Bean 31 <0.1 829 0.6 11 769 8.2 130 412 91.0 Beetroot 560 0.4 18 313 12.8 13 215 9.2 110 953 77.6 Brassica 825 0.6 18 310 12.8 13 209 9.2 110 696 77.4 Carrot 539 0.4 17 871 12.5 13 357 9.3 111 273 77.8 Citrus 955 0.7 24 538 17.1 33 158 23.2 84 389 59.0 Cucurbits 784 0.5 18 523 12.9 12 846 9.0 110 887 77.5 Grape 975 0.7 24 449 17.1 33 374 23.3 84 242 58.9 Lucerne 1162* 0.8 24 336 17.0 9078 6.3 108 464 75.8 Mango 680 0.5 3704 2.6 53 107 37.1 85 449 59.7 Navy bean 658 0.5 7407 5.2 24 933 17.4 110 041 76.9 Paspalum 3295+ 2.3 43 632 30.5 13 800 9.6 82 313 57.5 Rhodes grass 3295+ 2.3 43 959 30.7 13 474 9.4 82 313 57.5 Sorghum 680 0.5 24 562 17.2 9172 6.4 108 626 75.9 Soybean 825 0.6 24 416 17.1 9117 6.4 108 681 76.0

* 41 ha of this is class 1 + 28 ha of this is class 1

Soils on undulating to rolling rises are not suitable for most crops because of erosion hazard on the steep slopes, and shallow soil depth. On gentler slopes, Rockville, Kenilworth, Kamariego, Churchbank and Deer soils are suitable for tree crops and vines. Soils on the steep to very steep hills and mountains are unsuitable for any crops. Appendix 5 and Soils and Landform map should be consulted for detail information on the suitability of each UMA for various crops. Table 32. Area (ha) and percentage of each suitability class for each crop on the alluvial soils

Crop Class 2 % Class 3 % Class 4 % Class 5 %

Avocado 160 0.7 622 2.8 19 517 87.6 1986 8.9 Barley 657 2.9 20 549 92.2 652 2.9 428 1.9 Bean - - 688 3.1 1645 7.4 19 953 89.5 Beetroot 529 2.4 18 062 81.0 3222 14.4 473 2.1 Brassica 778 3.5 18 050 81.0 2998 13.4 460 2.1 Carrot 529 2.4 17 600 79.0 3358 15.1 799 3.6 Citrus 228 1.0 911 4.1 20 358 91.3 789 3.5 Cucurbits 737 3.3 18 227 81.8 2873 12.9 449 2.0 Grape 228 1.0 897 4.0 20 340 91.3 821 3.7 Lucerne 1063* 4.8 20 178 90.5 704 3.2 340 1.5 Mango 160 0.7 706 3.2 19 468 87.4 1952 8.8 Navy bean 611 2.7 6728 30.2 13 063 58.6 1883 8.4 Paspalum 1629+ 7.3 19 902 89.3 414 1.9 340 1.5 Rhodes grass 1629+ 7.3 20 229 90.8 88 0.4 340 1.5 Sorghum 644 2.9 20 236 90.8 1066 4.8 340 1.5 Soybean 644 2.9 20 236 90.8 1066 4.8 340 1.5

* 41 ha of this is class 1 + 28 ha of this is class 1

Agricultural land classes Four classes of agricultural land have been defined for Queensland as part of the process for the protection of good quality agricultural land (DPI/DHLGP 1993). The land classes are adapted and modified for the Boonah area as summarised below:

Class A Crop land – Land suitable for the long-term cultivation of a range2 of climactically adapted crops with limitations to production which range from none to moderate levels. Exclude land suitable only for tree/vine crops. All crop land is considered to be good quality agricultural land.

2 Defined as four or more climatically adapted crops that can be grown in the area.

58

Class B Limited crop land – Land suitable for a restricted range3 of crops that include tree/vine crops. Land marginal for a wide range4 of crops and suitable for pastures may also be considered Class B land. Engineering and/or agronomic improvements may be required before the land is considered suitable for cropping. This land is considered to be good quality agricultural land.

Class C Pasture land – Land suitable only for improved pastures (C1) or native

pastures (C2) due to limitations which preclude continuous cultivation for crop production; but some areas may tolerate a short period of ground disturbance for pasture establishment (C1). In areas where pastoral industries are the major primary industry, land suitable for improved or high quality native pastures may be considered to be good quality agricultural land.

Class D Non-agricultural land – Land not suitable for agricultural uses due to

extreme limitations. This may be undisturbed land with significant habitat, conservation and/or catchment values or land that may be unsuitable because of very steep slopes, shallow soils, rock outcrop or poor drainage.

Once the land suitability for individual crops and each UMA was assessed, an agricultural land class (ALC), defined above, was allocated to each UMA. The ALC of each UMA, together with crop suitability information, is shown in Appendix 5. A total of 19 064 ha or 13% of the study area was assessed as Class A land (crop land) (Table 33). Class B land (limited crop land) occupies 27 898 ha or 19% of the area. There is little Class C1 land (improved pasture land) (<1%), but Class D land (non-agricultural land) occupies the bulk of the area at 67%. The extent of Class D land represents areas unsuitable for all crops considered in this study. Both classes A and B are considered good quality agricultural land. The contrast between good quality agricultural land (Class A and/or B) and non-agricultural land (Class D) is illustrated in Photo 9. Of the 19 064 ha of Class A land, 18 782 ha or 98% occurs on alluvial plains (Table 33). More Class B land, 24 854 ha occurs on undulating rises to low rolling hills as compared to 3044 ha on the alluvial plains. The distribution of ALC of the Boonah area is depicted on the Agricultural Land Classes map at 1:100 000 which accompanies this report. Photo 9. Contrast between good quality agricultural land (Class A and/or B) and non-agricultural land (Class D) in

the background

3 Defined as up to three climatically adapted crops that can be grown in the area 4 Defined as four or more climatically adapted crops evaluated suitable for for Class A land

59

Table 33. Area of agricultural land classes in the Boonah area Agricultural land class Total study area Agricultural land class Alluvial plains Area (ha) % Area (ha) % Class A 19 064 13 Class A 18 782 84 Class B 27 898 19 Class B 3044 14 Class C1 292 <1 Class C1 32 <1 Class D 95 787 67.0 Class D 428 2 This assessment and assignment of the agricultural land classes is from a medium intensity survey, at the scale of 1:50 000, which is sufficient for planning purposes. A more detailed survey is usually necessary to assess individual applications for rezoning and subdivision.

Assessment for on-site sewage effluent disposal

In communities with no sewerage, adequate treatment of household sewage effluent is necessary to avoid eutrophication and the health risks associated with contamination of the water by bacteria, viruses and nutrients. There are five main methods used for on-site treatment and disposal of wastewater (Eades 1994). These methods include:

1. septic tank with an absorption trench; 2. septic tank with an evapotranspiration field; 3. septic tank followed by aerobic sewage treatment and surface irrigation with the product; 4. septic tank followed by sand filtration and surface irrigation; and 5. composting toilet.

The first method is the most widely used and is therefore the main method evaluated in this report. Solids and liquids are separated within the tank so that the effluent discharged from the system will have a lower level of pollutants. The breakdown of organic matter in the system relies on the action of anaerobic bacteria. Sludge and solids remaining in the tank contain high concentrations of metals, nutrients (nitrate and phosphate), grease, bacteria and viruses. This material must be periodically pumped out and disposed of off-site (Eades 1994). Australian Standards Association (1994) requires the land capability of a proposed site for a septic tank be properly investigated. Effective on-site treatment and disposal requires suitable soil and landform characteristics.

Factors affecting land suitability for effluent disposal

A number of site characteristics influence the suitability for effluent disposal. They are:

1. soil − permeability, texture, coherence, coarse fragments content and depth to impermeable layer;

2. landform − slope, rock outcrops; 3. flood hazard − dependent upon landform, position and observation of flood events; 4. groundwater conditions − depth to watertable; and 5. surface water conditions − proximity to streams or water storages.

These factors have varying importance. Soil characteristics determine the absorption ability of a site and, together with landform, determine the purification ability. Soil and landform characteristics also determine the ease of excavation for tank and drainage installation. Risk of water pollution is governed by all five characteristics, with the soil being the most limiting. Soil characteristics

60

determine what kind of treatment system can be used and what additional measures must be taken to avoid long-term pollution (Eades 1994).

Suitability criteria

The suitability ratings used to assess the appropriateness of a septic tank and absorption trench for effluent disposal at a given site are listed in Table 34. In addition to the criteria listed in Table 34 soil permeability must be within the acceptable range of 5–60 mm/day listed in Australian Standards Association (1994). Eades (1995) recommends a more conservative range of 5–30 mm/day if there is a potential for groundwater contamination. However, permeability was not measured in this study due to restraints in time and resources. Instead, approximate permeability was derived from texture classes (Table 35). Table 34 Suitability rating for on-site effluent disposal Attribute Suitability rating Good Fair Poor Slope (%) 0–8 8–15 >15 Drainage Well drained Imperfectly drained Poorly drained Flooding None <1 in 100 years >1 in 100 years Depth to seasonal water table (cm) >120 90–120 <90 Depth to impermeable layer (cm) >150 100–150 <100 Gravel (%) <20 20–40 >40 Stones (%) <10 10–30 >30 Boulders (%) <0.2 0.2–2 >2 Rock outcrop (% of surface) <0.1 0.1–1 >1 Dispersible clays (%) <10 10–16 >16 Shrink-swell potential (%) <12 12–20 >20

Note: all waste septic tank absorption field for single-family dwelling (after Rowe et al. 1981)

Suitability of soils for sewage effluent disposal The 1:50 000 scale soil mapping in the Boonah area is not adequate to assess the suitability of an individual site for sewage effluent disposal. On-site soil percolation tests and soil data of Tables 34 and 35 must be obtained at each proposed site in accordance with Australian Standards Association (1994). The mapping scale presented in this report does give some indication of the suitability of each UMA for on-site effluent disposal, for planning purposes. Shallow soil depth and steep slope are the two most important limitations on suitability of any site for sewage effluent disposal. Table 35. Soil permeability for various soil textural classes Texture class Clay content Soil permeability (mm/day) Range Representative value Sand <5 600–6000 1200 Sandy loam 10–20 300–1800 600 Loam 25 200–300 300 Clay loam 30–35 60–360 180 Silty clay 35–40 7–120 60 Clay >40 2.4–24 12 (Hansen et al. 1979, as quoted in Australian Standards Association 1994) *Representative values - AS1547 - 1994

61

Shallow soils less than 0.25 m thick

Regardless of other limitations, soils shallower than 0.25 m are unsuitable for sewage effluent disposal. Shallow soils are generally also limited by steep slope and presence of coarse fragments at shallow depth.

Soils on level to gently undulating plains

Soils developed on level to gently undulating plains are not suitable for sewage effluent disposal because they are low-lying, subject to flooding more than once in 100 years. Other limitations affecting these alluvial soils include excessive permeability due to coarse texture, shrink-swell clays and dispersible clays. Alluvial soils less than 1.0 m deep are also too shallow for sewage effluent disposal.

Soils on undulating rises to steep hills and mountains Soils on rolling to steep hills and mountains with slope greater than 15%, irrespective of parent material, are not suitable for sewage effluent disposal. These soils also have the additional limitations of shallow soil depth and presence of coarse fragment within 1.0 m. Soils on undulating rises and gently rolling hills with slope less than 15% are generally suitable for sewage effluent disposal. These include most of Rockville, Kenilworth, Kamerigo and Kilcoy soils on the sedimentary rocks, Boolumba soils on acid volcanic rocks and Churchbank and Deer soils on intermediate to basic volcanic rocks. However, where the soils are less than 1.0 m deep they are considered unsuitable even though the slope is favourable. A list of the UMA and soils suitable for sewage effluent disposal in the Boonah area is given in Appendix 7. At 1:50 000 scale of mapping, the information given above can only be used for planning purposes. On site percolation test and detailed soil descriptions must be obtained for the assessment of the suitability of individual sites or parcel of land for sewage effluent disposal.

62

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank: ��Landholders in the Boonah area for providing access for field collection of data ��Dave Kent for securing the project, leadership, guidance, technical and administrative support �� Sheryl Crofts and Garry Finney for digitising, planning and productions of the maps ��Bruce Forster and Val Eldershaw for review and editing �� Peter Wilson of Bundaberg and Peter Deuter of DPI Gatton for assistance and comments with

the land suitability assessment in Appendix 3 �� Staff of the Natural Resource Sciences Laboratories at Indooroopilly for all soil analyses ��Diane Bray for the production of this report

63

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DHLGP (1992). State Planning Policy 1/92: Development and the Conservation of Agricultural Land. DPI/DHLGP (1993). Planning Guidelines: The Identification of Good Quality Agricultural Land.

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Eades GW (1994). Atkinson Dam - Declared catchment area. Report on land suitability for effluent

disposal. QDPI Water Resources, Geotechnical Services Group, Engineering Services. Eades GW (1995). Cedar Pocket Dam - Declared catchment area. Report on land suitability for

effluent disposal. QDPI Water Resources, Geotechnical Services Group, Engineering Services. Gupta RK and Abrol IP (1990). Salt-affected soils: Their reclamation and management for

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Speight JG (1990). Landform. In ‘Australian Soil and Land Survey Field Handbook’ McDonald, RC, Isbell, RF, Speight, JG, Walker, J and Hopkins, MS. 2nd ed., Inkata Press, Melbourne.

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APPENDICES

Appendix 1.

Soil profile classes (SPC)

Very shallow soils less than 0.25 m deep

Soil Map code Page Rangeview Ra 68 Walker Wk 68 Windsor Ws 69

68

Rangeview (Ra)

Concept: Black, shallow (< 0.25m), medium-textured soils Australian Classification: Leptic Rudosols Principal Profile Form: Um Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Residual rocks or alluvium (Cza) Landform: Undulating plains to rolling rises Drainage Well drained Vegetation Native pastures

A/A1 Dark (10YR 3/1, 3/2); silty clay loam to clay loam; weak; many angular rock fragments. Clear change to

C Weathered rocks or coarse fragments

No. of sites

2

Walker (Wk) Concept: Shallow (<0.25 m), gradational textured soils or non-cracking clays on basic igneous rocks Australian Classification: Leptic Rudosols Principal Profile Form: Uf Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Dolerite and basalt (Tid) Landform: Undulating rises Drainage Well drained Vegetation Native pastures

A Dark (10YR 3/2); silty light clay; weak. Clear change to

C Unweathered basalt

No. of sites 1

69

Windsor (Ws)

Concept: Shallow (<0.25 m), uniform coarse-textured soils on alluvium. Australian Classification: Stratic Rudosols Principal Profile Form: Uc5.21 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Quaternary Alluvium (Qa) Landform: Level to Gently Undulating Plains Drainage Well drained Vegetation Native pastures

A Dark (10YR3/2); fine sandy clay loam; massive. Gradual change to

2B Brown (10YR 3/3); fine sandy loam; weak.

No. of sites 1

70

Soils on level to gently undulating alluvial plains

Soil Map code Page Basel Bs 71 Beausang Bg 71 Bell Bl 72 Bellbird Bd 72 Blumberg Bb 73 Bremer B 73 Bromelton Bn 74 Cavendish Cd 74 Conondale Cn 75 Cooeeimbardi Cb 75 Cookes Co 76 Cressbrook Cr 76 Fassifern Ff 77 Flagstone Ft 77 Grigor Gr 78 Gunyah Gy 78 Helidon Hd 79 Honey Hy 79 Hooper Hr 80 Kilmoylar Km 80 Leschke Lk 81 Lockrose Ls 81 Lockyer Ly 82 Logan Lg 82 Maroon Mr 83 Mockers Mk 83 Monsildale Mn 84 Muller Mu 84 Ottaba Ot 85 Robinson Rs 85 Sippel Sl 86 Smokes Sk 86 Spencer Sp 87 Tenthill Th 87 Toogoolawah Tw 88 Ugarapul Ug 88 Warrill Wr 89 Woodhill Wh 89 Woolaman Wm 90

71

Basel (Bs)

Concept: Alkaline, uniform cracking clays developed on alluvium Australian Classification: Grey Vertosols Principal Profile Form: Ug5.21, Ug5.25 Surface Characteristics: Periodic cracking Geology: Quaternary alluvium (Qa) Landform: Level to gently undulating alluvial plains Drainage Moderately well drained Vegetation Cleared for agriculture

A/Ap Dark (10YR 3/2) or grey (10YR 4/2); light medium clay; massive or occasionally moderate angular blocky. Gradual change to

B21 Grey (10YR 4/1, 4/2, 5/1) or dark (7.5YR 3/2); light medium to medium clay; moderate angular blocky or lenticular to strong angular blocky;

B22/B22k

Brown (10YR 4/3), yellow-brown (10YR 5/4) or grey (2.5Y 4/1); light medium to medium clay; moderate angular blocky to strong lenticular or prismatic;

B23/B23k Grey (10YR 4/1, 2.5Y 5/1); light medium to medium clay; strong lenticular, occasionally few, fine, calcareous nodules.

No. of sites 5

Beausang (Bg) Concept: Bleached, acid to neutral, texture contrast soils on alluvium Australian Classification: Grey Kurosols or Grey Chromosols Principal Profile Form: Dy3.31, Dy3.41 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Quaternary alluvium (Qa), older alluvium (Cza) Landform: Level to undulating plains Drainage Moderately well drained Vegetation Native or improved pastures with blue gum

A1 Dark (10YR 3/1, 3/2) or grey (10YR 4/1, 4/2, 5/2); silty loam to clay loam; massive to weak. Clear change to

A2e/A2j Grey (10YR 4/2, 5/2); sporadically bleached; silty clay loam; weak; or yellow-brown (10YR 6/3); conspicuously bleached; loamy fine sand; single grained. Clear change to

B21

Grey (10YR, 2.5Y, 4/2, 5/2, 10YR 4/1) or brown (5YR 5/4); common to many, fine to medium, distinct orange, red or pale mottles; medium clay; moderate angular blocky to strong angular blocky or lenticular

B22 Grey (10YR 4/1, 5/1, 10YR, 2.5Y 5/2), yellow-grey (2.5Y 5/3) or yellow-brown (10YR 5/4); medium clay; moderate angular blocky or lenticular to strong lenticular

B23 Grey (10YR 4/1, 4/2, 2.5Y 5/1); many, fine, distinct brown or dark mottles; silty light medium clay to medium clay; strong angular blocky or lenticular

2D Brown (10YR 4/3); many, fine, distinct pale mottles; sandy clay loam; massive

No. of sites

11

72

Bell (Bl)

Concept: Black, neutral to alkaline, uniform cracking clays on alluvium Australian Classification: Black Vertosols Principal Profile Form: Ug5.15, Ug5.16 Surface Characteristics: Periodic cracking Geology: Quaternary alluvium (Qa) Landform: Level to gently undulating alluvial plains Drainage Moderately well drained Vegetation Native pastures and improved pastures, mainly under agriculture

A/A1/Ap Dark (10YR 3/1, 3/2); light medium clay; moderate angular blocky. Clear change to

B21 Dark (10YR 3/1, 3/2); medium clay; strong angular blocky or lenticular

B22 Brown (10YR 4/3) or grey (2.5Y 4/2); light medium clay to medium clay; strong lenticular or angular blocky

2D/3D Brown (10YR 3/3, 4/3) to yellow-brown (10YR 5/3); loamy coarse sand to sandy light clay; massive or weak; occasionally, few, fine calcareous nodules

No. of sites

3

Bellbird (Bd) Concept: Brown, gradational textured soils on alluvium Australian Classification: Brown Dermosols Principal Profile Form: Gn3.21, Gn3.91 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Quaternary alluvium (Qa), older alluvium (Cza) Landform: Level to gently undulating alluvial plains Drainage Moderately well to well drained Vegetation Native or improved pastures with blue gum

A1/A Dark (10YR 3/1, 3/2) or brown (10YR 3/3); fine sandy clay loam to silty clay loam; weak. Clear change to

A2/A2j (Occasionally present).Yellow-brown (10YR 5/3); occasionally sporadically bleached; loamy fine sand to sandy clay loam; single grained or weak. Clear change to

B21

Brown (10YR 3/3, 3/4, 7.5YR 4/3) or yellow-brown (10YR 5/4, 7.5YR 5/6); common, medium distinct pale mottles; sandy light clay to light medium clay; massive or moderate angular blocky to strong angular blocky or lenticular; occasionally, common, coarse, ferromanganiferous nodules

B22/2B22

Brown (10YR 4/3, 4/4), yellow-brown (10YR 5/3) or grey (10YR 6/1, 2.5Y 5/1); common, medium, distinct orange mottles; fine sandy clay loam to fine sandy light medium clay; moderate angular blocky to strong angular blocky or lenticular; occasionally, few, medium, soft manganiferous segregations

B23/2B23

Brown (10YR 4/3) or grey (10YR 5/1); common, medium, distinct orange or red mottles; sandy light clay to medium heavy clay; massive or strong angular blocky or lenticular; occasionally, common, soft manganiferous segregations

No. of sites 9

73

Blumberg (Bb)

Concept: Black, neutral to alkaline, cracking clays on alluvium Australian Classification: Black Vertosols Principal Profile Form: Ug5.15 Surface Characteristics: Periodic cracking Geology: Quaternary alluvium (Qa), older alluvium (Cza) Landform: Level to gently undulating alluvial plains Drainage Moderately well to well drained Vegetation Native pastures and improved pastures, mainly under agriculture

A1 Dark (10YR 3/1); medium clay; strong angular blocky. Clear change to

B21 Dark (10YR 3/1); medium clay; strong lenticular

2B22k Yellow-brown (10YR 5/3); fine sandy light medium clay; strong angular blocky; common, fine calcareous nodules

No. of Sites

1

Bremer (B) Concept: Non calcareous, neutral to alkaline uniform non-cracking clays developed from alluvium Australian Classification: Black, Grey or Brown Dermosols Principal Profile Form: Uf6.32, Uf6.33, Uf6.31 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Quaternary Alluvium (Qa) Landform: Level to gently undulating plains Drainage Imperfectly to well drained Vegetation Mostly cleared, mainly under agriculture

A1/Ap Dark (10YR3/1, 3/2) or brown (10YR 3/3); light to medium clay; moderate angular blocky. Clear change to

B21 Dark (10YR 2/1, 3/1), grey (10YR 4/1, 4/2) or brown (10YR 3/3, 4/3); light medium to medium clay; strong angular blocky or lenticular

B22/ 2B22

Dark (10YR 2/1, 3/1, 3/2), grey (10YR, 2.5Y 4/1, 4/2) or brown (10YR 3/3, 4/3); light medium to medium clay; moderate to strong angular blocky or lenticular

B23/2B23/ 2D1

Dark (10YR, 2.5Y 2/1, 3/1, 3/2), grey (10YR 4/1) or brown (10YR 3/3, 4/3); light medium to medium clay; moderate to strong lenticular or angular blocky

2D2 Brown (10 YR 3/3, 4/3), or grey (2.5Y 4/1, 4/2); fine sandy clay loam to fine sandy light clay; massive

No. of sites 174

Analysed sites: 215, 259, 263, 316, 489, 538, 541, 609

74

Bromelton (Bn)

Concept: Grey, gradational textured soils on alluvium Australian Classification: Grey Dermosols, Redoxic Hydrosols Principal Profile Form: Gn2.81, Dy3.13 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Quaternary alluvium (Qa), older alluvium (Cza) Landform: Level to undulating plains Drainage Imperfectly to moderately well drained Vegetation Native or improved pastures with Blue gum

A1 Dark (10YR 3/1, 3/2) or grey (10YR 4/2); silty clay loam to clay loam; weak. Clear change to

B21 Dark (10YR 3/2), yellow-grey (2.5Y 6/3) or grey (10YR 5/2); common, fine, distinct orange mottles; fine sandy clay loam to light medium clay; moderate angular blocky

B22 Grey (10YR 5/1, 2.5Y 5/2), or olive-brown (2.5Y 4/3); fine sandy light clay to light medium clay; moderate angular blocky or strong lenticular

B23/2B23 Grey (2.5Y 4/1, 5/1, 10YR 5/1); common, fine, distinct orange mottles; fine sandy light medium clay; moderate angular blocky; few, medium, calcareous nodules and soft manganiferous segregations

2B24 Dark (10YR 2/1); few, fine, distinct orange mottles; heavy clay; massive

No. of sites

3

Cavendish (Cd) Concept: Black or brown, calcareous, non cracking clays or gradational textured soils on alluvium Australian Classification: Brown Dermosols, Stratic Rudosols Principal Profile Form: Uf6.33, Gn3.04 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Quaternary alluvium (Qa) Landform: Level to gently undulating plains Drainage Moderately well drained Vegetation Native or improved pastures and blue gum

A1/A Dark (10YR 3/1, 3/2) or grey (10YR 4/2); silty clay loam to silty light clay; weak or moderate angular blocky. Clear change to

B21 Dark (10YR 2/1, 3/2) or yellow-grey (2.5Y 5/3); occasionally, common, medium, distinct yellow or orange mottles; silty clay loam to light medium clay; moderate angular blocky to strong lenticular

2B22/B22k

Olive-brown (2.5Y 4/3) or yellow (10YR 5/6); occasionally, common, fine, distinct pale mottles; fine sandy light medium clay to light medium clay; moderate angular blocky to strong lenticular; common, coarse, calcareous nodules

B23/B23k/ 2B23

Dark (10YR 2/1, 2.5Y 3/2) or brown (10YR 4/3, 4/4); occasionally, common, fine, distinct orange or dark mottles; fine sandy light medium clay to medium clay; moderate angular blocky; few, medium, calcareous nodules

B24/B24k/ 2B24

Brown (10YR 4/3) or grey (2.5Y 4/1); silty light medium clay to medium clay; moderate angular blocky or lenticular to strong angular blocky; few, medium, calcareous nodules

No. of sites

6

75

Conondale (Cn) Concept: Grey, neutral to alkaline, texture contrast soils on alluvium Australian Classification: Grey Chromosols Principal Profile Form: Dy3.33 Surface Characteristics: Firm or hardsetting Geology: Quaternary Alluvium (Qa), older alluvium (Cza) Landform: Level to gently undulating alluvial plains Drainage Imperfectly to moderately well drained Vegetation Native or improved pastures with blue gum, gum-topped box and Moreton Bay ash

A1 Dark (10YR 3/1, 3/2) or grey (10YR 4/2); silty clay loam to clay loam; weak or moderate angular blocky. Clear change to

B21 Grey (10YR, 5/2, 4/2, 2.5Y 4/2); common, fine to medium, distinct orange mottles; light medium to medium clay; moderate angular blocky

B22/2B22

Grey (10YR 5/1, 2.5Y 5/2) or yellow-grey (2.5Y 5/3); common, fine, distinct orange mottles; fine sandy light medium clay to medium clay; moderate angular blocky or lenticular; occasionally, few, medium, manganiferous concretions

B23 Grey (2.5Y 5/1); common, fine, distinct orange mottles; medium clay; moderate lenticular; very few, coarse, calcareous nodules

2D/2D(k)

Grey (10YR 4/2, 5/2); common, fine distinct orange mottles; light medium clay; massive; few, medium calcareous nodules

No. of sites 4

Cooeeimbardi (Cb) Concept: Alkaline, uniform cracking clays on alluvium. Australian Classification: Black Vertosols Principal Profile Form: Ug5.16, Ug5.15 Surface Characteristics: Periodic cracking Geology: Quaternary alluvium (Qa) Landform: Level to gently undulating plains Drainage Moderately well drained Vegetation Mostly cleared, mainly under agriculture

A1/Ap Dark (10YR 3/1, 3/2); light to medium clay; massive to strong angular blocky. Clear change to

B21 Dark (10YR 2/1, 3/1), grey (10YR 4/1, 4/2) or brown (10YR 3/3, 4/3); light medium to medium clay; moderate to strong angular blocky or lenticular

B22/ 2B22k

Dark (10YR 2/1, 3/1, 3/2), grey (10YR, 2.5Y 4/1, 4/2) or brown (10YR 3/3, 4/3); light medium to medium clay; moderate to strong lenticular or angular blocky; common, medium, calcareous nodules

B23

Dark (10YR, 2.5Y 2/1, 3/1, 3/2), grey (10YR4/1) or brown (10YR 3/3, 4/3); occasionally common, medium, distinct orange mottles; light medium to medium clay; moderate to strong lenticular or angular blocky; occasionally few, medium calcareous nodules

No. of sites 18

76

Cookes (Co)

Concept: Brown, acid, texture contrast soils on alluvium Australian Classification: Brown Kurosols Principal Profile Form: Dy2.11, Db2.31, Dy3.31 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Quaternary alluvium (Qa) Landform: Level to gently undulating plains Drainage Imperfectly to moderately well drained Vegetation Native or improved pastures with blue gum

A1 Dark (10YR 3/2) or grey (10YR 4/2); silty clay loam to clay loam; massive or moderate angular blocky. Clear change to

B21 Brown (10YR 4/4, 4/3) or yellow-brown (10YR 5/3, 5/4); common to many, fine to medium, distinct, orange, red, or pale mottles; medium to medium heavy clay; moderate to strong angular blocky to lenticular

B22

Brown (10YR, 7.5YR 5/4, 10YR 4/3), yellow-brown (10YR 5/6), or grey (2.5Y 6/1, 6/2, 10YR 5/2); common, fine or medium, distinct orange or pale mottles; light medium clay to medium heavy clay; moderate to strong angular blocky or lenticular on brown to yellow-brown clay and massive on grey clay

B23/2B23 Yellow-brown (10YR 5/4, 5/6) or grey (10YR 4/1, 6/2); many, fine to medium, distinct orange or pale mottles; fine sandy light clay to medium heavy clay; moderate to strong angular blocky

No. of sites 10

Cressbrook (Cr) Concept: Uniform coarse textured soil developed on alluvium Australian Classification: Stratic or Arenic Rudosols Principal Profile Form: Uc5.11 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Quaternary alluvium (Qa) Landform: Level to gently undulating plains Drainage Well drained Vegetation Improved pasture

A1 Grey (10YR 4/2) or dark (10YR3/1); fine sandy loam to loamy fine sand; weak to single grained. Clear change to

B21/2D Yellow brown (10YR 6/3) or brown (10YR 4/3); loamy fine sand; weak to massive

B22/3D

Yellow brown (10YR 5/3) or brown (10YR 4/4); loamy fine sand or light medium clay; massive

4D Brown (10YR, 4/3) or yellow (10YR 5/6); fine sandy light clay; massive; few to many subangular to subrounded pebbles

No. of sites 6

77

Fassifern (Ff) Concept: Grey, calcareous, uniform cracking clays with mottled subsoil on alluvium Australian Classification: Grey Vertosols Principal Profile Form: Ug5.28 Surface Characteristics: Periodic cracking Geology: Quaternary alluvium (Qa) Landform: Level to gently undulating alluvial plains Drainage Imperfectly to well drained Vegetation Cleared for agriculture

A1/Ap Dark (10YR, 3/1, 3/2) or grey (10YR 4/1); light medium to medium clay; massive or moderate to strong angular blocky. Clear change to

B21 Grey (10YR 4/1, 4/2, 2.5Y 4/2, 5/2); common, medium, distinct pale or dark mottles; medium clay; moderate lenticular to strong angular blocky or lenticular

B22/B22k

Grey (10YR, 2.5Y 4/1, 2.5Y 5/1) or olive-brown (2.5Y 4/3, 4/4); light medium to medium heavy clay; moderate to strong lenticular; few, medium calcareous nodules

B23/B23k/2B23

Grey (10YR 4/2), yellow-grey (2.5Y 6/3) or brown (10YR 4/3); light medium to medium heavy clay; massive or strong lenticular; few, medium calcareous nodules.

3B24/3B25 Yellow-grey (2.5Y 5/3); common to many, fine, distinct pale mottles; medium clay; massive or strong lenticular; few, fine, calcareous nodules

No. of sites 6

Flagstone (Ft) Concept: Grey, calcareous, uniform cracking clays on alluvium Australian Classification: Grey Vertosols Principal Profile Form: Ug5.28 Surface Characteristics: Seasonal cracking Geology: Quaternary alluvium (Qa) Landform: Level to gently undulating alluvial plains Drainage Moderately well drained Vegetation Native and improved pastures, mainly under agriculture

A/A1/Ap Dark (10YR 3/2) or grey (10YR 4/2); light medium to medium clay; massive or moderate to strong angular blocky. Clear change to

B21 Grey (2.5Y 5/2, 10YR 4/1); occasionally, few, fine, distinct orange mottles; medium clay; moderate to strong lenticular

B22/B22k Yellow-brown (10YR 5/4) or olive-brown (2.5Y 4/3); medium clay; moderate to strong lenticular; very few, medium, calcareous nodules

B23 Grey (10YR 4/2) or dark (10YR 3/2); light medium to medium clay; strong lenticular; common, medium calcareous nodules

No. of sites

3

78

Grigor (Gr) Concept: Black, acid to neutral, texture contrast soils on alluvium Australian Classification: Black Kurosols Principal Profile Form: Dd1.41 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Rhyolitic slope wash (TQw) Landform: Undulating plains Drainage Moderately well drained Vegetation Native and improved pastures

A1 Dark (10YR 3/1); silty loam; weak Clear change to

A2e Grey (10YR 5/2); conspicuously bleached; silty loam; weak. Clear change to

B21 Dark (7.5YR 3/2); medium clay; strong lenticular

B22 Grey (10YR 4/2); few, fine distinct orange mottles; light medium clay; massive; few, fine angular pebbles

No. of sites

1

Gunyah (Gy) Concept: Black or grey, neutral to alkaline, texture contrast soils on alluvium Australian Classification: Black or Grey Chromosols Principal Profile Form: Dy2.13, Dd1.13 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Quaternary Alluvium (Qa), older alluvium (Cza) Landform: Gently undulating to undulating plains Drainage Moderately well drained Vegetation Native or improved pastures

A1/A Dark (10YR 3/1, 3/2, 2/1); fine sandy clay loam to silty clay loam; weak. Clear change to

B21 Dark (10YR 3/1 2.5Y 3/2) or grey (4/2, 5/1, 5/2); many, medium, distinct, brown or orange mottles; medium clay; moderate to strong angular blocky or lenticular

B22/2B22

Grey (2.5Y 4/1, 4/2, 5/2) or dark (10YR 3/2, 2.5Y 3/1); few, fine, distinct, orange mottles; light medium clay to medium clay; occasionally, very few, medium, calcareous nodules

B23/2B23(k) Grey (10YR 4/2) or yellow (2.5Y 5/6); light medium clay to medium clay; massive or strong lenticular; very few to few, medium calcareous and manganiferous nodules

No. of sites

7

79

Helidon (Hd) Concept: Neutral, bleached yellow or brown texture contrast soils on alluvium Australian Classification: Yellow or Brown Chromosols Principal Profile Form: Dy3.42, Dy2.41 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Quaternary alluvium (Qa) Landform: Level to gently undulating alluvial plains Drainage Moderately well drained Vegetation Native pastures with narrow-leaved ironbark

A1 Dark (10YR 3/2) or brown (10YR 4/3); fine sandy loam; weak. Clear change to

A2e/A2j Conspicuously or sporadically bleached; grey (10YR 5/2, 6/2) or yellow-brown (10YR 5/3); loamy fine sand to fine sandy loam; weak. Clear change to

B21

Yellow (2.5Y 6/6), yellow-brown (10YR 5/4) or brown (10YR 4/4); common, fine to medium, distinct grey mottles; fine sandy light clay to fine sandy light medium clay; massive or moderate angular blocky to strong lenticular; occasionally, common soft manganiferous segregations

B22/2B22

Dark (10YR 2/1), yellow-grey (2.5Y 5/4) or grey (10YR 5/1); few, fine distinct grey mottles; fine sandy light clay to medium heavy clay; massive or strong angular blocky

2B23 Yellow-brown (10YR 5/3) to yellow-grey (2.5Y 5/3); common, fine, distinct grey mottles; fine sandy light clay to light medium clay; massive or strong angular blocky

No. of sites 4

Honey (Hy) Concept: Acid to neutral, uniform medium-textured soils on alluvium. Australian Classification: Brown Dermosols Principal Profile Form: Um5.22 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Quaternary alluvium (Qa) Landform: Level to gently undulating plains Drainage Well drained Vegetation Native pastures

A1 Dark (10YR3/2); fine sandy clay loam; moderate angular blocky. Clear change to

2B1 Brown (10YR 4/3); fine sandy loam; weak

3B21 Dark (10YR 3/1); fine sandy clay loam; moderate angular blocky; many subangular pebbles

3B22 Brown (10YR 4/4); fine sandy clay loam; weak

3B23 Brown (10YR 4/4); fine sandy clay loam; weak; many, subangular pebbles

3B24 Brown (10YR 4/4); fine sandy clay loam; weak

No. of sites 1

80

Hooper (Hr) Concept: Non-cracking clays, with D horizon below 0.7 m, on alluvium. Australian Classification: Grey or Brown Dermosols Principal Profile Form: Uf6.33, Uf6.31 Surface Characteristics: Firm or hardsetting Geology: Quaternary alluvium (Qa), older alluvium (Cza) Landform: Level to gently undulating alluvial plains Drainage Imperfectly to moderately well drained Vegetation Native or improved pastures

A1/A Dark (10YR 3/1, 3/2) or grey (10YR 4/1); silty light clay to light medium clay; weak or moderate angular blocky. Clear change to

B21 Grey (10YR 4/2, 5Y 4/1) or brown (10YR 4/3); occasionally, few, fine, distinct orange mottles; light medium clay to medium heavy clay; weak or moderate angular blocky to strong lenticular

B22

Grey (10YR 4/2, 5/2) or olive-brown (2.5Y 4/3); few, fine, distinct orange mottles; light medium to medium heavy clay; moderate angular blocky to strong lenticular; occasionally, very few to common, fine, calcareous nodules

2D

Brown (10YR 4/3, 4/4), yellow-brown (10YR 5/4) or grey (2.5Y 5/2); occasionally, common, fine, distinct orange or grey mottles; sandy clay loam to light medium clay; weak; occasionally, very few to few, medium, calcareous nodules

3D/3D(k)

Grey (5Y 5/1); many, medium, distinct orange mottles; light medium clay; massive; occasionally, few, medium, calcareous nodules

No. of sites 5

Kilmoylar (Km) Concept: Brown or yellow, bleached, neutral to alkaline, texture contrast soils on alluvium Australian Classification: Brown Chromosols Principal Profile Form: Dy2.43, Dy3.42 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting. Geology: Quaternary alluvium (Qa) Landform: Level to gently undulating alluvial plains Drainage Moderately well drained. Vegetation Native pastures with blue gum and narrow-leaved ironbark

A1 Dark (10YR 3/2), brown (10YR 3/3, 4/3) or grey (10YR 4/2); fine sandy clay loam to silty clay loam; massive or weak. Clear change to

A2e (Occasionally present). Grey (10YR 5/2, 6/2), conspicuously bleached; fine sandy clay to silty clay loam; massive or weak. Clear change to

B21

Yellow-brown (10YR 5/3, 5/4), brown (10YR 4/3) or yellow-grey (2.5Y 6/4); common, fine, distinct, pale mottles; fine sandy light medium clay to medium clay; strong angular blocky or lenticular

B22/B22k 2B22

Grey (2.5Y 4/1), yellow (10YR 5/6), yellow-grey (2.5Y 6/4) or brown (7.5YR 5/4); fine sandy light medium clay to medium clay; strong angular blocky, lenticular or prismatic; (occasionally) common, medium, calcareous nodules and few, soft manganiferous segregations

B23/2B23

Yellow (10YR 6/6), yellow-brown (10YR 5/4) or grey (2.5Y 4/2); occasionally, common, medium, distinct pale mottles; fine sandy light medium clay to light medium clay; moderate to strong angular blocky; occasionally, few, soft manganiferous segregations

No. of sites 7

81

Leschke (Lk) Concept: Grey, alkaline, uniform cracking clays on alluvium Australian Classification: Brown Vertosols Principal Profile Form: Ug5.28 Surface Characteristics: Periodic cracking Geology: Older alluvium (Cza) Landform: Undulating alluvial plains Drainage Moderately well drained Vegetation Native and improved pastures

A1 Grey (10YR 5/2); light medium clay; massive. Clear change to

B21 Yellow-grey (10YR 5/3); light medium clay; strong lenticular

B22 Grey (2.5Y 5/2); light medium clay; strong lenticular

B23k Grey (2.5Y 4/1); light medium clay; strong lenticular; common, medium calcareous nodules

No. of sites

1

Lockrose (Ls) Concept: Calcareous, uniform, non-cracking clays on alluvium. Australian Classification: Grey, Black or Brown Dermosols Principal Profile Form: Uf6.32, Uf6.33, Uf6.31 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Quaternary alluvium (Qa) Landform: Level to gently undulating plains Drainage Moderately well drained Vegetation Mostly cleared, mainly under agriculture

A/A1 Dark (10YR3/1, 3/2) or grey (10YR 4/1, 4/2); light to light medium clay; moderate angular blocky. Clear change to

B21 Dark (10YR 2/1, 3/1, 3/2), grey (10YR 4/1) or brown (10YR4/3); light medium to medium clay; moderate to strong angular blocky or lenticular

B22/ B22k

Dark (10YR 2/1,3/1,3/2) or grey (10YR, 2.5Y 4/1, 4/2, 5/2); medium clay; moderate to strong lenticular or angular blocky; few to common calcareous nodules and manganese concretions

B23/B23k

Brown (10YR 3/3, 4/3, 4/4), grey (10YR 4/1, 4/2) or dark (2.5Y 3/1, 3/2); light medium to medium heavy clay; moderate to strong lenticular or angular blocky; few to common calcareous nodules and manganese concretions.

B24k Grey (2.5Y 5/1, 4/1) or dark (10YR, 2.5Y 3/1); medium clay; moderate to strong lenticular; few to common calcareous nodules and manganese concretions.

No. of sites 190

Analysed sites: 36, 256, 359, 532, 793

82

Lockyer (Ly) Concept: Black or brown non cracking clays or gradational textured soils with D horizon on alluvium Australian Classification: Black and Brown Dermosols, Stratic Rudosols Principal Profile Form: Uf6.32, Uf6.31 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Quaternary alluvium Landform: Gentle to undulating plains Drainage Moderately well to well drained Vegetation Native or improved pastures

A1/Ap Dark (10YR 3/1, 3/2, 2/1) or grey (10YR 4/2); clay loam to light medium clay; massive to moderate angular blocky. Clear change to

B21 Dark (10YR 2/1, 3/1) to brown (10YR 3/3, 4/3); light to medium clay; moderate angular blocky or strong lenticular

B22/2B22

Dark (10YR, 7.5YR 3/1, 3/2) or brown (10YR, 7.5YR 3/3, 4/3); fine sandy light clay to fine sandy light medium clay; moderate to strong angular blocky

3D

Brown (10YR 3/3, 4/3) or dark (10YR 3/2); fine sandy light clay to loamy sand; massive to weak

No. of sites 22

Analysed sites: 353, 403, 638

Logan (Lg) Concept: Uniform, medium-textured soils on alluvium Australian Classification: Stratic Rudosols, Black Dermosols Principal Profile Form: Um5.21, Um5.41 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Quaternary alluvium (Qa) Landform: Level to gently undulating plains Drainage Imperfectly to well drained Vegetation Native pastures

A/A1 Dark (10YR, 7.5YR 3/1) or brown (10YR 4/3); sandy clay loam to silty clay loam; massive or moderate angular blocky. Clear change to

B/B21 Dark (10YR 3/1, 3/2, 7.5YR 3/2) or grey (2.5Y 5/1); occasionally, common, fine, distinct orange mottles; fine sandy clay loam; weak or moderately angular blocky

B/B22

Dark (10YR 3/1, 3/2), brown (10YR 4/3) or grey (10YR 5/1); fine sandy clay loam to clay loam; weak to moderate angular blocky

2D/2B Dark (10YR 3/2), brown (10YR 4/3) or grey (2.5Y 6/1); loamy sand to fine sandy loam; single grained or massive

3D

Yellow-brown (10YR 5/3); loamy fine sand; massive

No. of sites

4

83

Maroon (Mr) Concept: Acid, uniform non cracking clays on alluvium Australian Classification: Grey or Brown Dermosols Principal Profile Form: Uf6.33, Uf6.31 Surface Characteristics: Firm Geology: Quaternary alluvium (Qa), older alluvium (Cza) Landform: Level to gently undulating alluvial plains Drainage Imperfectly to well drained Vegetation Native or improved pastures

A1/A Dark (10YR 2/1, 3/1, 3/2) or brown (10YR 3/3, 4/3); silty light clay to light medium clay; weak or moderate or strong angular blocky. Clear change to

B21

Grey (10YR 4/1, 4/2, 5/1, 5/2), brown (10YR 4/3) or yellow-brown (10YR 5/3); occasionally, few to many, fine, distinct orange mottles; light medium clay to medium clay; moderate angular blocky or strong angular blocky, lenticular or prismatic

B22/2B22

Grey (10YR 4/1, 4/2, 5/1, 5/2, 2.5Y 5/2) or yellow-brown (10YR 5/3, 5/4); few, to many, fine to medium, distinct orange mottles; light medium to medium clay; massive or moderate angular blocky to strong lenticular

B23/2B23 Grey (2.5Y 4/2, 10YR 5/2, 6/1), yellow-brown (10YR 5/3) or brown (10YR 3/3); few to common, fine distinct orange mottles; silty light clay to medium clay; massive or moderate angular blocky to strong lenticular

3B24

Yellow-brown (10YR 6/3); fine sandy light clay; massive

No. of sites 24

Analysed sites: 647

Mockers (Mk) Concept: Red, gradational texture soils on alluvium Australian Classification: Red Dermosols Principal Profile Form: Gn3.11 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Older alluvium (Cza) Landform: Gently undulating plains Drainage Moderately well drained Vegetation Native or improved pastures

A1 Brown (7.5YR 4/3); fine sandy clay loam; weak. Clear change to

B21 Red-brown (5YR 4/4); fine sandy light clay; moderate angular blocky

B22 Brown (5YR 5/4); few, fine, distinct orange mottles; fine sandy light medium clay; moderate angular blocky

2B23 Brown (5YR 5/4); common, medium, distinct yellow mottles; fine sandy light clay; massive

No. of sites

1

84

Monsildale (Mn) Concept: Black gradational textured soils on alluvium Australian Classification: Black or Brown Dermosols Principal Profile Form: Uf6.32, Dy2.31 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Quaternary alluvium (Qa) Landform: Level to gently undulating plains Drainage Moderately well to well drained Vegetation Native pastures

A1 Dark (10YR 3/1, 3/2); clay loam to silty light clay; massive or weak to moderate angular blocky. Clear change to

B21 Dark (10YR 2/1, 2/2, 3/1), occasionally yellow-brown (10YR 5/3); silty light medium clay to light medium clay; moderate to strong angular blocky

B22/2B22

Grey (2.5Y 4/2) or brown (10YR 3/4) or yellow-grey (2.5Y 5/3, 5/4); light medium to medium clay; moderate lenticular to strong angular blocky

B23/2B23/B3 Dark (10YR 3/2) or grey (2.5Y 4/1); silty light medium clay to light medium clay; strong angular blocky or massive

D Dark (10YR 3/2) or brown (10YR 3/3); silty clay loam to silty light medium clay; weak

No. of sites 13

Muller (Mu) Concept: Black, neutral, uniform cracking clays on alluvium Australian Classification: Black Vertosols Principal Profile Form: Ug5.15, Ug5.16 Surface Characteristics: Periodic cracking Geology: Quaternary alluvium (Qa) Landform: Level plains Drainage Moderately well to well drained Vegetation Native, improved pastures or agriculture

Ap Dark (10YR 3/2); medium clay; massive. Clear change to

B21 Dark (10YR 3/1); light medium to medium clay; moderate lenticular

B22/2B22 Brown (10YR 4/3) or grey (10YR 4/1); silty light medium clay to medium clay; moderate angular blocky or lenticular

B23/2B23 Grey (2.5Y 4/1); few, fine, distinct brown mottles; light medium clay; weak

No. of sites 2

85

Ottaba (Ot) Concept: Brown, acid, texture contrast soils on alluvium Australian Classification: Brown Chromosols Principal Profile Form: Db1.12 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Quaternary alluvium (Qa), older alluvium (Cza) Landform: Level to gently undulating alluvial plains Drainage Moderately well drained Vegetation Native pastures

A Brown (10YR 3/3); fine sandy loam; weak. Clear change to

B2 Brown (10YR 4/3); fine sandy light clay; moderate angular blocky

2D

Brown (10YR 4/4); fine sandy clay loam; weak

No. of sites 1

Robinson (Rs) Concept: Uniform, medium-textured soils with D horizon on alluvium Australian Classification: Stratic Rudosols or Brown Dermosols Principal Profile Form: Um5.52, Um6.12 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Quaternary alluvium (Qa) Landform: Level to gently undulating plains Drainage Well drained Vegetation Native or improved pastures

A1/A Dark (10YR 2/1, 3/2) or brown (10YR 3/3, 4/3); sandy loam to silty clay loam; weak to moderate angular blocky. Clear change to

B/2B Brown (10YR 3/3, 4/3, 4/4); fine sandy loam to fine sandy clay loam; weak or moderate angular blocky

B/2B/2D

Brown (10YR 3/3, 4/3, 4/4) or grey (2.5Y 4/1); loamy sand to coarse sandy clay loam; weak or moderate angular blocky

3D Brown (10YR 4/3), dark (10YR 3/2) or grey (2.5Y 5/1); loamy sand to clay loam; massive or single grained; common to abundant subangular to subrounded pebbles

4D Brown (10YR 3/3, 4/3) or grey (10YR 4/2); sandy loam to coarse sandy clay loam; single grained or weak; common to abundant subangular to subrounded pebbles

No. of sites 10

86

Sippel (Sl)

Concept: Brown, neutral to alkaline, texture contrast soils on alluvium Australian Classification: Brown Chromosols Principal Profile Form: Db1.13, Dy2.22 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting. Geology: Quaternary alluvium (Qa), older alluvium (Cza) Landform: Level to gently undulating alluvial plains Drainage Moderately well to well drained Vegetation Native or improved pastures with blue gum

A1/A11/ A/Ap

Dark (10YR 2/2, 3/2), brown (10YR 3/3, 4/3) or grey (10YR 4/2); fine sandy loam to fine sandy clay loam; weak. Clear change to

B21

Brown (10YR 4/3) to yellow-brown (10YR 5/3, 5/4); few, fine or medium, distinct grey or dark mottles; fine sandy light clay to medium clay; moderate angular blocky or lenticular to strong angular blocky or prismatic; common, medium, manganiferous concretions or nodules

B22

Brown (10YR, 7.5YR 4/3, 4/4) to olive-brown (2.5Y 4/3); rarely, common, medium, distinct, grey mottles; fine sandy light clay to medium clay; weak or strong angular blocky or prismatic; occasionally few manganiferous or calcareous segregations or concretions

B23/2B23 Grey (2.5Y 4/1, 5/1); common, medium, distinct pale mottles; fine sandy light medium clay to light medium clay; moderate to strong angular blocky; few, medium manganiferous concretions

No. of sites 7

Smokes (Sk) Concept: Brown or yellow, acid to neutral, mottled, texture contrast soils on alluvium Australian Classification: Brown Chromosols Principal Profile Form: Dy3.21 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Quaternary alluvium (Qa) Landform: Gently undulating alluvial plains Drainage Imperfectly drained Vegetation Native and improved pastures

A1 Dark (10YR 3/2); fine sandy clay loam; weak. Clear change to

A2 Grey (10YR 5/2); fine sandy clay loam; weak. Clear change to

B21 Yellow (10YR 5/6); many, medium, distinct pale mottles; fine sandy light medium clay; moderate angular blocky

2B22 Grey (2.5Y 4/1); few, fine distinct orange mottles; medium clay; massive

No. of sites

1

87

Spencer (Sp)

Concept: Brown or yellow, neutral to alkaline, texture contrast soils Australian Classification: Brown Chromosols Principal Profile Form: Dy2.13, Db1.13 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Quaternary alluvium (Qa), older alluvium (Cza) Landform: Level to gently undulating alluvial plains Drainage Imperfectly to moderately well drained Vegetation Native or improved pastures

A1/A Dark (10YR 3/1, 3/2); silty clay loam to clay loam; weak to moderate angular blocky. Clear change to

B21 Brown (10YR 4/3, 4/4, 7.5YR 4/4), olive-brown (2.5Y 4/3) or grey (10YR 4/2); occasionally, few, fine, distinct grey or orange mottles; medium clay; moderate to strong angular blocky or lenticular

B22/2B22

Brown (10YR 4/3), yellow-grey (2.5Y 5/3, 5/4) or grey (10YR 5/2, 2.5Y 4/1); occasionally few, fine, distinct grey or orange mottles; fine sandy light medium clay to medium clay; moderate lenticular to strong angular blocky or lenticular; occasionally few, medium manganiferous concretions

B23/B23k/ 2B23

Brown (7.5YR 4/3, 5/4), yellow (10YR 5/6) or grey (2.5Y 4/2, 5/2); common, fine to medium distinct grey or orange mottles; fine sandy light medium clay to light medium clay; moderate to strong angular blocky, lenticular or prismatic; very few to common, medium calcareous nodules.

B24/2B24/ 2D/3D1/3D2

Grey (10YR 4/1, 5/2, 2.5Y 5/2) or dark (10YR 3/2, 2.5Y 3/1); common, fine, distinct orange mottles; silty light clay to medium clay; massive or strong angular blocky to lenticular; occasionally common medium calcareous nodules present.

No. of sites 7

Tenthill (Th) Concept: Uniform non-cracking clays with D horizon within 0.7 m on alluvium. Australian Classification: Grey Dermosols Principal Profile Form: Uf6.33 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Quaternary alluvium (Qa) Landform: Level to gently undulating alluvial plains Drainage Moderately well drained Vegetation Native pastures

A1 Dark (10YR 3/2); light clay; massive. Clear change to

A2 Grey (10YR 4/2); light clay; massive. Clear change to

2B21 Grey (10YR 4/1); medium clay; strong angular blocky

3B22 Grey (10YR 4/1); few, fine, distinct orange mottles; fine sandy light clay; massive

4B23

Yellow (10YR 6/6); common, fine, distinct pale mottles; fine sandy light clay; massive

5B24 Grey (2.5Y 5/1); common, fine, distinct orange mottles; medium heavy clay; massive; common, medium, calcareous nodules

No. of sites 1

88

Toogoolawah (Tw) Concept: Non calcareous, gleyed, non cracking clays on alluvium Australian Classification: Oxyaquic Hydrosols Principal Profile Form: Uf6.33 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Quaternary alluvium (Qa) Landform: Level plains Drainage Poorly drained Vegetation Blue gum

A/A1 Dark (10YR 3/2); light medium clay; weak or moderate angular blocky. Clear change to

B21 Grey (10YR 4/1, 2.5Y 5/2); common, fine, distinct orange mottles; light medium to medium heavy clay; weak or moderate lenticular

B22 Grey (2.5Y 5/2, 10YR 5/1); occasionally, few, fine, distinct orange mottles; light medium to medium heavy clay; massive or moderate lenticular

B23 Yellow-grey (2.5Y 6/3) or grey (2.5Y 5/1); common, fine, distinct pale mottles; light medium to medium heavy clay; massive or moderate lenticular

No. of sites

2

Ugarapul (Ug) Concept: Brown, neutral, uniform cracking clays on alluvium Australian Classification: Brown Vertosols Principal Profile Form: Ug5.34 Surface Characteristics: Periodic cracking Geology: Quaternary alluvium (Qa) Landform: Level plains Drainage Well drained Vegetation Native and improved pastures

Ap Dark (10YR 3/2); silty light clay; massive. Clear change to

B21 Brown (10YR 3/3); light medium clay; strong angular blocky

B22 Brown (10YR 3/3); silty light clay; strong angular blocky

2D Brown (10YR 3/4); fine sandy light clay; massive

No. of sites

1

89

Warrill (Wr) Concept: Alkaline, grey, uniform cracking clays on alluvium Australian Classification: Grey Vertosols Principal Profile Form: Ug5.25 Surface Characteristics: Periodic cracking Geology: Older alluvium (Cza) Landform: Undulating plains Drainage Moderately well drained Vegetation Native and improved pastures

A1 Dark (10YR 3/2); medium clay; strong angular blocky. Clear change to

B21 Grey (10YR 4/1); medium clay; strong angular blocky; very few, medium sub-rounded pebbles

B22 Dark (10YR 3/1); medium clay; strong lenticular

2B23 Yellow-grey (2.5Y 5/4); fine sandy light clay; massive

No. of sites

1

Woodhill (Wh) Concept: Mottled, acid to neutral, texture contrast soils on alluvium Australian Classification: Brown Chromosols, Brown and Black Kurosols Principal Profile Form: Dy3.11, Db2.31, Dd2.31 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Quaternary alluvium (Qa), older alluvium (Cza) Landform: Level to gently undulating alluvial plains Drainage Imperfectly to moderately well drained Vegetation Native or improved pastures

A1/A Dark (10YR 3/2), brown (10YR 4/3, 3/3) or grey (10YR 4/2); loam to fine sandy clay loam; massive or weak. Clear change to

A2e (Occasionally present). Grey (10YR 5/2) conspicuously bleached; loam; weak. Clear change to

B21

Dark (10YR 3/2), yellow-brown (10YR 5/3) or grey (2.5Y 6/2); occasionally, few, soft manganiferous segregations; occasionally, common, fine or medium, distinct, red mottles; fine sandy light medium clay to medium heavy clay; moderate angular blocky or strong lenticular or prismatic; occasionally few, soft manganiferous segregations

B22 Dark (10YR 3/1, 3/2) or grey (10YR 4/2, 6/2); common, fine or medium, distinct, orange mottles; sandy light clay to medium heavy clay; moderate angular blocky to strong lenticular

B23 (Occasionally present). Brown (10YR 4/3); common, fine, distinct red mottles; silty light medium clay; moderate angular blocky

B24 (Occasionally present). As above, except no mottles present.

No. of sites

6

90

Woolaman (Wm)

Concept: Neutral, uniform, medium-textured soils on alluvium Australian Classification: Stratic Rudosols Principal Profile Form: Um2.12 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Quaternary alluvium (Qa) Landform: Level to gently undulating alluvial plains Drainage Well drained Vegetation Native pastures

A1 Dark (10YR 3/1); clay loam; massive. Clear change to

A2e Grey (10YR 4/2), conspicuously bleached; clay loam; massive. Clear change to

C Quartz hardpan

No. of sites 1

91

Soils on undulating rises to steep hills and mountains Soils developed on sedimentary rocks Soil

Map code

Page

Beppo

Bp

92

Horse Hs 92 Jonlyn Jl 93 Kalamba Kb 93 Kamerigo Ka 94 Kenilworth Kl 94 Kilcoy Ky 95 Milford Mf 95 Normanby Nb 96 Reynold Rd 96 Rockville Rv 97 Swan Creek Sw 97 Toohill Tl 98 Waters Wt 98 Watt W 99 Welton Wl 99 Wyaralong Wg 100

92

Beppo (Bp)

Concept: Alkaline, texture contrast soils on sedimentary rocks Australian Classification: Grey or Brown Chromosols Principal Profile Form: Dy2.33, Dy3.33 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Walloon Coal Measures (Jw). Landform: Undulating to rolling rises. Drainage Moderately well to well drained Vegetation Native or improved pastures.

A/A1 Dark (10YR, 7.5YR 3/2) or grey (10YR 4/2); fine sandy loam to clay loam; weak to moderate angular blocky. Clear change to

A2j/A2e Yellow-brown (10YR 5/3) or grey (10YR 6/2), occasionally sporadically or conspicuously bleached; fine sandy clay loam; massive to weak. Clear change to

B21

Grey (10YR 4/1, 4/2, 5/2, 7.5YR 4/2, 5/2) or red-brown (5YR 4/4); fine sandy light medium to medium clay; moderate angular block to strong angular blocky or lenticular

B22 Brown (10YR 4/4), yellow-grey (2.5Y 5/3) or grey (2.5Y 5/1, 5/2); common, distinct orange mottles at some sites; fine sandy light clay to light medium clay; moderate to strong angular blocky or lenticular

B23/B3 Dark (2.5Y 3/1, 3/2), grey (10YR 6/2) or yellow-brown (10YR 5/4); fine sandy light clay to medium clay; massive, moderate angular blocky or strong lenticular

C Weathered sandstone and shale

No. of sites 9

Horse (Hs) Concept: Grey, texture contrast soils on sedimentary rocks Australian Classification: Grey Kurosols, Grey Sodosols Principal Profile Form: Dy3.21, Dy3.23 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Walloon Coal Measures (Jw) Landform: Undulating to rolling rises Drainage Moderately well drained Vegetation Native pastures and narrow-leaved ironbark

A1 Dark (10YR 3/2); loamy sand to fine sandy loam; single grained or massive. Clear change to

B2/B21 Grey (10YR 6/1); many, coarse, prominent orange mottles; fine sandy light clay to fine sandy light medium clay; massive or strong angular blocky

B2/B22

Grey (10YR 6/1, 2.5Y 6/2); many, coarse, prominent orange mottles; fine sandy light clay to fine sandy light medium clay; massive or moderate angular blocky

2D1 Grey (10YR 6/1) or yellow-brown (10YR 5/4); many, medium, prominent orange mottles

2D2 Yellow-brown (10YR 5/4); fine sandy clay loam; weak

No. of sites

2

93

Jonlyn (Jl)

Concept: Grey, non calcareous texture contrast soils on sedimentary rocks Australian Classification: Grey Chromosols and Kurosols Principal Profile Form: Dy2.13, Dy2.11 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Walloon Coal Measures (Jw) Landform: Undulating to rolling rises Drainage Moderately well to well drained Vegetation Native pastures

A1 Dark (10YR 3/1, 3/2); fine sandy clay loam to clay loam; weak. Clear change to

B2 Grey (10YR 4/2) or olive-brown (2.5Y 4/3); occasionally, common, fine distinct orange mottles; medium to medium heavy clay; massive

C Weathered shale and sandstone

No. of sites 2

Kalamba (Kb) Concept: Acid, gravelly, non cracking clays or gradational textured soils on sedimentary rocks Australian Classification: Grey or Brown Dermosols Principal Profile Form: Uf6.33, Dy2.21 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Walloon Coal Measures (Jw) Landform: Undulating rises to steep hills Drainage Moderately well drained Vegetation Native grasses and narrow-leaved ironbark

A1 Dark (10YR 3/2) or grey (10YR 4/2); fine sandy clay loam to light medium clay; weak to moderate angular blocky. Clear change to

B21 Yellow (10YR 5/6), brown (5YR 5/4) or red (5YR 4/4); light medium clay to medium clay; strong angular blocky; common subrounded rock fragments

B22

Yellow-brown (10YR 5/4) or yellow-grey (2.5Y 5/3, 5/4); light medium to medium clay; moderate lenticular or strong angular blocky; common subrounded rock fragments

B23

Red-brown (5YR 4/4); many, fine, distinct pale mottles; medium clay; massive

No. of sites 13

94

Kamerigo (Ka) Concept: Red, texture contrast soils on sedimentary rocks Australian Classification: Red Sodosols, Red Chromosols or Red Kurosols Principal Profile Form: Dr3.31, Dr2.33 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Walloon Coal Measures (Jw) Landform: Undulating rises to steep hills and mountains Drainage Moderately well to well drained Vegetation Native pastures with narrow-leaved ironbark

A1 Dark (10YR 3/1, 3/2) or brown (10YR, 7.5YR 3/3); sandy loam to clay loam; weak to moderate angular blocky. Clear change to

B21 Red (7.5YR 4/4, 2.5YR 5/6); occasionally common, distinct, grey and pale mottles; medium to medium heavy clay; strong angular blocky

B22

Yellow-brown (7.5YR 5/6) or brown (10YR 4/4); medium to medium heavy clay; moderate to strong angular blocky to lenticular

B3

Brown (10YR 4/4) or yellow-brown (10YR 5/6); sandy light clay to light medium clay; massive

No. of sites 20

Analysed sites: 355

Kenilworth (Kl) Concept: Acid to neutral, uniform, non cracking clays or gradational textured soils on sedimentary rocks Australian Classification: Brown or Grey Dermosols Principal Profile Form: Uf6.31, Uf6.33 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Walloon Coal Measures (Jw) Landform: Undulating rises to steep hills and mountains Drainage Moderately well to well drained Vegetation Native or improved pasture

A1 Dark (10YR 3/1, 3/2) or grey (10YR 4/1, 4/2); light to light medium clay; moderate to weak angular blocky. Clear change to

B21 Brown (7.5YR 4/4), grey (10YR, 2.5Y 5/1) or yellow-brown (10YR, 2.5Y 5/3); light medium to medium clay; moderate to strong angular blocky or lenticular

B22

Grey (10YR 5/1, 5/2, 6/2) or yellow-brown (10YR 5/3, 6/4); medium clay; moderate angular blocky to strong lenticular

B23

Grey (10YR 4/2, 5/2, 2.5Y 6/2), yellow-brown (10YR 5/4) or brown (7.5YR 5/4); medium clay; moderate angular blocky or lenticular

No. of sites 45

Analysed sites: 417, 819

95

Kilcoy (Ky)

Concept: Brown or yellow, texture contrast soils on sedimentary rocks Australian Classification: Brown Chromosols Principal Profile Form: Db1.11, Dy2.13 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Walloon Coal Measures (Jw) Landform: Undulating to rolling rises Drainage Moderately well to well drained Vegetation Native pastures and narrow-leaved ironbark

A/A1 Dark (10YR 2/1, 3/2, 7.5YR 3/2), brown (10YR 3/3) or grey (10YR 4/2); fine sandy loam to clay loam; weak to moderate angular blocky. Clear change to

B21 Yellow-brown (10YR 5/3, 5/4) or brown (10YR 4/4, 7.5YR 4/4, 5/4); fine sandy light medium to medium clay; moderate to strong angular blocky

B22

Brown (10YR 4/3, 4/4), yellow-brown (10YR 5/3), olive-brown (2.5Y 4/3), or yellow-grey (2.5Y 5/4, 6/4); light medium to medium clay; moderate to strong angular blocky

B3/B23 2B23

Grey (10YR 5/2, 7.5YR 6/2) or yellow (10YR 5/6); light medium clay; weak or strong lenticular.

No. of sites. 13

Milford (Mf) Concept: Red, acid, non cracking clays on sedimentary rocks Australian Classification: Red Dermosols. Principal Profile Form: Uf6.31 Surface Characteristics: Firm or hardsetting Geology: Walloon Coal Measures (Jw) Landform: Undulating to rolling rises Drainage Imperfectly to well drained Vegetation Native or improved pastures with blue gum and narrow leaved ironbark

A1/A Dark (10YR 3/1, 3/2) or grey (10YR 4/2); silty light clay to medium clay; massive, weak or moderate to strong angular blocky. Clear change to

A2j (Occasionally present). Yellow-brown (10YR 5/3); sporadically bleached; silty light clay; weak. Clear change to

B21

Red-brown (5YR 4/4, 4/6); common to many, fine to medium, distinct pale or orange mottles; medium clay; moderate angular blocky to strong angular blocky or lenticular; occasionally few, medium manganiferous concretions

B22 Red-brown (5YR 4/4), brown (7.5YR 5/4) or yellow (10YR 6/6); few, medium, distinct pale or orange mottles; silty light medium clay to medium clay; moderate angular blocky to strong lenticular

B23 Grey (10YR 5/1, 5/2); few, fine, prominent, pale or orange mottles; light medium clay; moderate to strong lenticular

B3 Yellow-grey (2.5Y 5/4, 6/3) or brown (10YR 4/4); occasionally, common, medium, distinct pale or orange mottles; fine sandy clay loam to silty light medium clay; massive or weak

No. of sites 7

Analysed sites: 982

96

Normanby (Nb)

Concept: Calcareous, non cracking clays on sedimentary rocks Australian Classification: Brown or Grey Dermosols Principal Profile Form: Uf6.31, Uf6.33 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Walloon Coal Measures (Jw). Landform: Undulating to rolling rises Drainage Moderately well to well drained Vegetation Native or improved pastures

A/Ap Dark (10YR 3/2), brown (10YR 3/3) or grey (10YR 4/2); light clay to light medium clay; strong granular or angular blocky. Clear change to

B21 Dark (10YR 3/1), grey (2.5Y 4/2, 6/2) or brown (2.5Y 4/3); medium clay; strong lenticular

B22

Grey (2.5Y 5/2, 6/2), dark (2.5Y 3/1) or yellow-grey (2.5Y 5/4, 6/4); common, distinct, pale mottles; light medium clay to medium clay; moderate angular blocky to strong lenticular

B23/2B23k Yellow-grey (2.5Y 6/4) or yellow (2.5Y 6/6); light medium clay; massive or moderate angular blocky; few to common calcareous nodules.

B3 Yellow (2.5Y 6/6); common, medium, distinct pale mottles; silty light clay; massive; common, medium calcareous nodules

No. of sites

6

Analysed sites: 1010

Reynold (Rd) Concept: Acid, gradational texture soils on sedimentary rocks Australian Classification: Grey or Red Dermosols Principal Profile Form: Gn3.34, Gn3.11 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Walloon Coal Measures (Jw) Landform: Undulating to rolling rises Drainage Imperfectly to well drained Vegetation Native pastures with narrow-leaved ironbark

A/A1 Dark (10YR 3/2), or brown (7.5YR 4/3); fine sandy clay loam to clay loam; weak. Clear change to

B21/B Grey (10YR 4/2, 5/2) or red-brown (5YR 5/6), common medium distinct orange mottles; sandy light clay to medium clay; moderate angular blocky to strong lenticular or prismatic

B22/B2

Grey (10YR 4/2), yellow-brown (10YR 5/4) or yellow-grey (2.5Y 5/4); massive or moderate lenticular to strong angular blocky

B3 Yellow-brown (10YR 5/4); common, fine, distinct red mottles; light medium clay; massive

No. of sites 4

Analysed sites: 419

97

Rockville (Rv)

Concept: Alkaline, uniform, non cracking clays on sedimentary rocks Australian Classification: Brown, Black or Grey Dermosols Principal Profile Form: Uf6.32 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Walloon Coal Measures (Jw) Landform: Undulating rises to steep hills and mountains Drainage Moderately well to well drained Vegetation Native or improved pasture

A1/A Dark (10YR3/1, 3/2); light clay to light medium clay; moderate angular blocky. Clear change to

B21

Brown (10YR, 2.5Y 4/3, 4/4, 7.5YR 4/4), grey (10YR 4/2), yellow-brown (10YR 5/3, 5/4, 2.5Y 5/3) or red-brown (5YR 4/4), common medium distinct orange mottles at some sites; light medium to medium clay; moderate to strong angular blocky or lenticular

B22 (k)

Brown (10YR 4/3, 4/4, 2.5Y 4/3), yellow-brown to yellow-grey (10YR, 2.5Y 5/3, 5/4, 6/4) or grey (2.5Y, 4/1, 4/2, 5/2); light medium to medium clay; moderate to strong lenticular or angular blocky; few calcareous nodules

B23 (k)

Brown (10YR, 2.4Y 4/3), yellow (2.5Y, 10YR 6/6) or yellow-brown (10YR, 2.5Y 5/4); light medium clay; moderate to strong lenticular or angular blocky; few calcareous nodules

B3/B24 Yellow-brown (10YR, 2.5Y 5/4, 6/4), yellow (10YR, 2.5Y 6/6) or grey (2.5Y 4/2); fine sandy loam to silty light clay; massive to moderate angular blocky

No. of sites 110

Analysed sites: 319, 412, 416, 435

Swan Creek (Sw) Concept: Brown, uniform coarse-textured soils on sedimentary rocks Australian Classification: Arenic or Lutic Rudosols Principal Profile Form: Uc4.21, Uc5.11 Surface Characteristics: Soft or firm Geology: Walloon Coal Measures (Jw) Landform: Undulating to rolling rises Drainage Moderately well to well drained Vegetation Native or improved pastures with narrow-leaved ironbark

A1/A Dark (10YR 3/2) or grey (10YR 4/2); loamy sand to sandy loam; weak. Clear change to

A2/A2e Grey (10YR 5/2) or yellow-brown (10YR 5/3, 6/3); occasionally conspicuously bleached; loamy sand to sandy loam; weak. Clear change to

B21

Yellow-brown (10YR 5/3, 5/4); loamy fine sand; single grained

B22 Yellow-brown (10YR 6/3, 6/4); occasionally common, medium, prominent, orange mottles; loamy fine sand to fine sandy loam; single grained or weak

B3/2D1/ 2D2

B3: Yellow-grey (2.5Y 5/3, 5/4); common, fine to medium, distinct orange mottles; loamy sand; single grained; or 2D1/2D2: Yellow-brown (7.5YR 5/6); common, medium, distinct pale mottles; fine sandy light clay; massive

No. of sites 5

98

Toohill (Tl) Concept: Strongly acid, non cracking clays on sedimentary rocks Australian Classification: Brown, Grey or Red Dermosols Principal Profile Form: Uf6.31, Uf6.33 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Walloon Coal Measures (Jw) Landform: Undulating rises to steep hills Drainage Moderately well to well drained Vegetation Native or improved pastures with blue gum

A1 Dark (10YR 3/1, 3/2); fine sandy light clay to light medium clay; weak to moderate angular blocky. Clear change to

B21

Grey (10YR 5/1, 5/2), brown (7.5YR 4/4, 5/4) or red-brown (5YR 4/4); occasionally, common, distinct, orange or pale mottles; silty light medium clay to medium clay; moderate angular blocky or moderate to strong lenticular

B22

Grey (10YR 5/1, 5/2, 6/2, 2.5Y 6/2) or yellow-brown (10YR 6/4); occasionally, common, distinct, orange or pale mottles; light medium to medium heavy clay; moderate to strong lenticular or massive

B23

Yellow-brown (10YR 6/3,) or grey (10YR 7/2, 2.5Y 6/2); light medium clay; massive

B3 Grey (10YR 4/2, 5/2, 2.5Y 6/2) or yellow-brown (10YR 6/3, 7.5YR 5/6); common, medium, distinct pale or orange mottles; fine sandy light clay to light medium clay; massive

No. of sites 17

Waters (Wt) Concept: Brown or yellow, bleached, texture contrast soils on sedimentary rocks Australian Classification: Brown Kurosols or Brown Sodosols Principal Profile Form: Dy2.41, Dy2.43 Surface Characteristics: Firm or hardsetting Geology: Walloon Coal Measures (Jw) Landform: Undulating rises to rolling low hills Drainage Moderately well to well drained Vegetation Native or improved pastures

A1/A Dark (10YR 3/2); fine sandy loam to clay loam; massive or weak. Clear change to

A2e/A2j Grey (10YR 5/2) or yellow-brown (10YR 5/3), conspicuously or sporadically bleached; loamy fine sand to fine sandy loam; weak; occasionally, common, coarse, manganiferous concretions

B21

Brown (7.5YR 4/4), or yellow-brown (10YR 5/3) or yellow (10YR 5/6); occasionally, common, fine, distinct orange or pale mottles; fine sandy light clay to medium clay; strong angular blocky or lenticular; occasionally, common, medium, manganiferous concretions or ferromanganiferous nodules

B22 Brown (10YR, 7.5YR 4/4) or grey (10YR 5/2); common, fine to medium, distinct pale or grey mottles; fine sandy light medium clay to medium clay; moderate to strong lenticular or angular blocky

B3/B23 Yellow (10YR 6/6), olive-brown (2.5Y 4/4) or yellow-grey (2.5Y 5/4); common, medium, distinct pale or orange mottles; fine sandy light clay to medium clay; massive to moderate angular blocky or lenticular

No. of sites 12

Analysed sites: 423, 854

99

Watt (W)

Concept: Black, neutral to alkaline, texture contrast soils on sedimentary rocks Australian Classification: Black Sodosols Principal Profile Form: Dd2.13 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Marburg Formation (Jbmh) Landform: Undulating rises Drainage Moderately well drained Vegetation Native and improved pastures

A Dark (10YR 3/1); sandy clay loam; strong angular blocky. Clear change to

B21 Dark (10YR 3/2); medium clay; strong angular blocky

B22 Yellow-brown (10YR 5/4); common, medium, distinct pale mottles; light medium clay; moderate angular blocky

C Weathered sandstone

No. of sites

1

Welton (Wl) Concept: Shallow, uniform, medium-textured soils on sedimentary rocks Australian Classification: Black Dermosols Principal Profile Form: Gn3.42 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Walloon Coal Measures (Jw) Landform: Steep hills Drainage Well drained Vegetation Native and improved pastures

A1

Dark (10YR 3/1); silty clay loam; weak; very few, rounded, coarse gravel. Clear change to

B Dark (10YR 3/2); sandy light clay; strong granular; very few, medium subangular sandstone pebbles

C Weathered sandstone

No. of sites 1

100

Wyaralong (Wg)

Concept: Grey, acid, bleached, texture contrast soils on sedimentary rocks Australian Classification: Grey or Brown Kurosols Principal Profile Form: Dy3.41 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Walloon Coal Measures (Jw), sandstones, siltstones, shale (Jbmh) Landform: Undulating to rolling rises Drainage Imperfectly to moderately well drained Vegetation Native pastures

A1/A Dark (10YR, 7.5YR 3/2) or grey (10YR 4/2); fine sandy loam to fine sandy clay loam; massive or weak. Clear change to

A2e Grey (10YR 5/2, 6/2) or yellow-brown (10YR 6/4); conspicuously bleached; loamy fine sand to fine sandy loam; massive or weak. Clear change to

B21/B/B2

Grey (2.5Y 5/2, 6/2, 10YR 5/1), occasionally yellow (10YR 5/6) or yellow-brown (10YR 5/4); common, medium, distinct orange and red mottles; sandy light clay to light medium clay; massive or moderate to strong angular blocky

B22/B2 Grey (10YR 5/1, 5/2; 2.5Y 5/1, 6/2); common, medium, distinct orange and red mottles; fine sandy light clay to medium clay; strong angular blocky or lenticular

No. of sites 7

Analysed sites: 578

101

Soils developed on acid igneous rocks

Soil

Map code

Page

Boolumba Bo 102 Charlwood Cw 102 Durundur Dd 103 Edwards Ed 103 Esk Ek 104 Royston Rt 104 Scrubby Sc 106

102

Boolumba (Bo)

Concept: Acid to neutral, non cracking clays or gradational textured soil on acid igneous rocks Australian Classification: Brown or Grey Dermosols Principal Profile Form: Uf6.31, Uf6.33 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Rhyolite (Tir), Trachyte (Tit) Landform: Gently undulating rises to rolling low hills Drainage Well drained Vegetation Native or improved pastures with blue gum and/or ironbark

A1/A/Ap Dark (10YR, 7.5YR 3/1, 3/2) or grey (10YR 4/1, 4/2); silty clay loam to light clay; moderate angular blocky to strong granular. Clear change to

B2/B21 Brown (7.5YR 4/3), yellow-brown (10YR 5/3, 5/4) or grey (2.5Y, 10YR 4/1, 2.5Y 4/2); silty light clay to light medium clay; moderate to strong angular blocky

B22/B

Brown (7.5YR 4/4), olive-brown (2.5Y 4/4) or yellow-grey (2.5Y 5/3); light medium clay; moderate angular blocky; few, fine, manganiferous concretions

B23 Olive-brown (2.5Y 4/3) or grey (10YR 5/1, 5Y 6/1); few, fine, distinct orange mottles; light medium clay; moderate angular blocky

No. of sites

6

Charlwood (Cw) Concept: Red, acid, gradational textured soils on acid igneous rocks Australian Classification: Red Dermosols Principal Profile Form: Gn3.12, Gn3.11 Surface Characteristics: Firm Geology: Rhyolite (Tir) Landform: Undulating rises to rolling low hills Drainage Well drained Vegetation Native or improved pastures

A1/A/Ap Red-brown (5YR 3/3), dark (5YR 3/2) or brown (7.5YR 3/3); silty clay loam to clay loam; moderate angular blocky. Clear change to

B21 Red (2.5YR 3/4) or red-brown (5YR 4/4); clay loam to silty light clay; moderate angular blocky

B22/B2 Red (2.5YR 3/4, 4/3, 4/4); light clay to light medium clay; moderate angular blocky; occasionally, common, fine, manganiferous concretions

B3 Red (2.5YR 4/6); clay loam; massive; common weathered rock fragments

No. of sites

3

Analysed sites: 822

103

Durundur (Dd)

Concept: Yellow or brown, texture contrast soils on acid igneous rocks Australian Classification: Yellow Chromosols Principal Profile Form: Dy2.23 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Rhyolite, trachyte (Tip) Landform: Rolling low hills Drainage Well drained Vegetation Native or improved pastures

A1 Dark (10YR 3/2); clay loam; weak. Clear change to

A2 Grey (10YR 5/2); clay loam; massive. Clear change to

B22 Yellow (10YR 6/6); medium clay; massive

C Weathered rock

No. of sites

1

Edwards (Ed) Concept: Acid, uniform, medium-textured soils on acid igneous rocks Australian Classification: Brown Dermosols Principal Profile Form: Um5.42 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Syenite (Tis) Landform: Rolling low hills to steep mountains Drainage Well drained Vegetation Native pastures

A1 Dark (10YR 3/2); fine sandy clay loam; weak. Clear change to

B21 Brown (7.5YR 3/3, 4/3); fine sandy clay loam; massive. Clear change to

B22 Brown (10YR 3/3, 4/3); fine sandy clay loam to fine sandy loam; massive

C Weathered rock

No. of sites

4

104

Esk (Ek)

Concept: Shallow, gravelly uniform, coarse-textured soils on acid igneous rocks Australian Classification: Clastic Rudosols Principal Profile Form: Uc5.11 Surface Characteristics: Firm Geology: Tuff (Tip) Landform: Steep mountains Drainage Well drained Vegetation Native and improved pastures

A1 Dark (10YR 3/2); fine sandy loam; weak. Clear change to

A2j Grey (10YR 6/1); fine sandy loam; weak; many medium tuffaceous coarse fragments

C Weathered tuff

No. of sites 1

Royston (Rt) Concept: Grey texture contrast soils on acid igneous rocks Australian Classification: Grey Chromosols, Grey Kurosols Principal Profile Form: Dy2.12, Dy3.11 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Rhyolitic slope wash Landform: Gently undulating to undulating rises Drainage Well drained Vegetation Native or improved pastures

A Dark (10YR 3/2) or grey (10YR 4/2); silty clay loam; massive or strong angular blocky. Clear change to

B21/B2 Grey (10YR 4/1, 4/2); common, fine, distinct orange mottles; light medium clay; moderate angular blocky

B22 Yellow-brown (10YR 6/3); silty light clay; strong lenticular

B3 Yellow-brown (10YR 6/4); fine sandy light clay; massive

C

Rhyolitic pebbles and boulders

No. of sites

3

105

Scrubby (Sc)

Concept: Red, acid to neutral, non cracking clays on acid igneous rocks Australian Classification: Red Dermosols Principal Profile Form: Uf6.31 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Rhyolite (Tir) Landform: Undulating rises Drainage Well drained Vegetation Cleared with native and improved pastures

Ap Red-brown (5YR 3/3); silty light clay; weak. Clear change to

B2 Red (2.5YR 4/4); silty light clay; moderate angular blocky; abundant rhyolitic coarse fragments

C Weathered rhyolite

No. of sites 1

106

Soils developed on intermediate and basic igneous rocks Soil Map code Page

Churchbank Ch 107 Deer Dr 107 Dunwich Dw 108 Jimna Jn 108 Neara Na 109 Oaky Ok 109 Paddy Pd 110 Stibbes St 110

107

Churchbank (Ch)

Concept: Red, non cracking clays or gradational textured soils on intermediate and basic igneous rocks Australian Classification: Red Dermosols Principal Profile Form: Uf6.31 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting

Geology: Fine-grained intermediate rocks, trachyte (Tit), trachyandesite (Tia) and coarse-grained syenite; and fine-grained basic rocks, dolerite and basalt (Tid)

Landform: Undulating to rolling rises Drainage Well drained. Vegetation Native or improved pastures with eucalypt woodlands

A1/Ap Dark (10YR 3/2), brown (10YR 3/3) or red-brown (5YR 3/3); clay loam to light medium clay; weak or moderate to strong angular blocky. Clear change to

B21 Red (2.5YR 3/4), red-brown (5YR 4/3, 4/4); light to medium clay; moderate to strong angular blocky

B22

Red (2.5YR 4/4), brown (10YR, 7.5YR 4/4) or yellow-brown (10YR 5/4); light to medium clay; moderate angular blocky to strong lenticular

B3/B31/ B32

Yellow (10YR 5/6, 10YR, 2.5Y 6/6), yellow-grey (2.5Y 5/4) or brown (7.5YR 5/3); fine sandy clay loam to fine sandy light clay; massive to weak or moderate angular blocky to strong lenticular

No. of sites 8

Analysed sites: 16, 501, 772

Deer (Dr) Concept: Brown non-cracking clays or gradational textured soils on intermediate and basic igneous rocks Australian Classification: Brown Dermosols Principal Profile Form: Uf6.31 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Syenite (Tis), dolerite and basalt (Tid) Landform: Undulating rises to rolling rises and low hills Drainage Well drained Vegetation Native or improved pastures

A1/A Dark (10YR 3/1, 3/2, 7.5YR 2/2) or brown (10YR 3/3); clay loam to light medium clay; moderate angular blocky. Clear change to

B21 Brown (10YR 4/3, 7.5YR 4/3, 3/3); occasionally, common, fine to medium, distinct orange and pale mottles; medium clay; moderate to strong angular blocky or lenticular

B22

Grey (2.5Y 4/2, 5/2), yellow-grey (2.5Y 6/4) or yellow-brown (10YR 5/4, 6/4); light clay to medium clay; moderate to strong lenticular or angular blocky; very few, medium, calcareous nodules; occasionally, few, medium, manganiferous concretions

B23 Yellow-brown (10YR 6/4), brown (10YR 4/3) or grey (2.5Y 4/1, 4/2); light to medium clay; moderate angular blocky to strong angular blocky or lenticular

B3

Brown (10YR 4/3, 4/4, 7.5YR 4/6, 5/4) or yellow (10YR 5/6); common, fine to coarse, distinct, pale mottles; fine sandy light clay; massive or moderate angular blocky; occasionally, common, medium, manganiferous soft segregations

No. of sites 26

Analysed sites: 428

108

Dunwich (Dw)

Concept: Brown or dark, neutral to alkaline, texture contrast soils on intermediate and basic igneous rocks Australian Classification: Brown or Grey Chromosols Principal Profile Form: Db3.13, Dy2.13 Surface Characteristics: Firm Geology: Coarse-grained syenite (Tis) and fine-grained trachyandesite (Tia) intermediate igneous rocks Landform: Undulating to rolling rises Drainage Well drained Vegetation Native and improved pastures

A1/A Dark (10YR 3/2); silty clay loam to clay loam; weak or moderate angular blocky. Gradual change to

B21/B2 Brown (7.5YR 4/3) or grey (2.5Y 4/2); medium clay; strong angular blocky or lenticular.

B22/B2

Dark (2.5Y 3/2) or olive-brown (2.5Y 4/3); medium clay; strong angular blocky or lenticular

B23/B3 Yellow (10YR 5/6) to brown (7.5YR 4/4); fine sandy light clay to medium clay; strong angular or sub-angular blocky

No. of sites 3

Jimna (Jn) Concept: Alkaline, uniform cracking clays on intermediate and basic igneous rocks Australian Classification: Brown or Grey Vertosols Principal Profile Form: Ug5.35, Ug5.24 Surface Characteristics: Periodic cracking Geology: Syenite (Tis) and trachyandesite (Tia) Landform: Undulating to rolling rises Drainage Well drained Vegetation Agriculture

A1/A Dark (10YR 3/1, 3/2); light medium to medium clay; massive or occasionally moderate angular blocky. Gradual change to

B21 Grey (10YR 4/1, 4/2, 5/1) or dark (7.5YR 3/2); light medium to medium clay; moderate angular blocky or lenticular to strong angular blocky

B22/B22k

Brown (10YR 4/3), yellow-brown (10YR 5/4) or grey (2.5Y 4/1); light medium to medium clay; moderate angular blocky to strong lenticular or prismatic; occasionally few, fine calcareous nodules

B23/B23k Grey (10YR 4/1, 2.5Y 5/1); light medium to medium clay; strong lenticular, occasionally few, fine, calcareous nodules

B24/2B24 Brown (10YR 4/4) or yellow-brown (10YR 6/4); light medium clay; strong lenticular or massive

No. of sites 5

Analysed sites: 432

109

Neara (Na)

Concept: Black, non cracking clays on intermediate and basic igneous rocks Australian Classification: Black Dermosols Principal Profile Form: Uf6.32 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Coarse-grained intermediate (syenite (Tis)) and fine-grained basic igneous rocks (dolerite and basalt (Tid)) Landform: Rolling rises to steep hills Drainage Well drained Vegetation Improved pastures, open woodland of narrow- and silver-leaved ironbark

A/A1 Dark (10YR 3/1, 3/2, 7.5YR 3/1); light clay; moderate angular blocky. Clear change to

B2/B21 Dark (10YR 2/1, 3/2, 7.5YR 3/2); light medium to medium clay; strong angular blocky

B2/B22 Dark (10YR 3/2) or yellow-grey (2.5Y 5/3, 5/4); light clay; strong angular blocky or lenticular; many subangular pebbles

B3/B23 Brown (10YR, 7.5YR 4/4) or dark (10YR 2/1); light medium to medium clay; moderate angular blocky

No. of sites 4

Oaky (Ok) Concept: Red, mottled, texture contrast soils on intermediate and basic igneous rocks Australian Classification: Red Chromosols Principal Profile Form: Dr3.12 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Trachyandesite (Tia), dolerite and basalt (Tid) Landform: Undulating rises to steep hills Drainage Well drained Vegetation Native or improved pastures

A Dark (10YR 3/2) or Brown (10YR 3/3); silty clay loam to clay loam; weak or moderate angular blocky. Clear change to

B21/B2 Red (2.5YR 5/6), red-brown (5YR 4/3) or brown (5YR 5/4); common, fine, distinct dark or grey mottles; medium clay; moderate to strong subangular blocky

B22 Yellow (10YR 6/6, 6/8); light medium clay; moderate subangular blocky

B3 Yellow (10YR 5/6, 6/6); sandy light clay to silty light medium clay; weak or moderate angular blocky

No. of sites

2

110

Paddy (Pd)

Concept: Acid, texture contrast soils on intermediate and basic igneous rocks Australian Classification: Brown Chromosols Principal Profile Form: Db1.11 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Dolerite, basalt (Tid) Landform: Rolling rises Drainage Well drained Vegetation Native and improved pastures with blue gum and narrow-leaved ironbark

A Dark (7.5YR 3/2); silty loam; moderate angular blocky. Clear change to

B2 Brown (7.5YR 4/3); light medium clay; strong angular blocky

C Weathered rock

No. of sites 1

Stibbes (St) Concept: Red, shallow, uniform, medium-textured soils on intermediate and basic igneous rocks Australian Classification: Orthic Tenosols Principal Profile Form: Um5.51 Surface Characteristics: Hardsetting Geology: Trachyandesite (Tia) Landform: Steep mountains Drainage Well drained Vegetation Native and improved pastures with narrow-leaved ironbark

A1 Dark (7.5YR 3/1); clay loam; weak. Clear change to

BC Red-brown (5YR 4/4); clay loam; massive; abundant, coarse, angular trachyandesite fragments

C Weathered trachyandesite

No. of sites 1

111

Appendix 2.

Morphological and analytical data of representative soils in the Boonah area

Soil Map code Site No. Page

Soils on alluvia of level to gently undulating alluvial plains

Bremer B 215 112 Bremer B 259 112 Bremer B 263 113 Bremer B 316 113 Bremer, moderately shallow B2 489 114 Bremer B 538 114 Bremer B 541 115 Bremer B 609 115 Lockrose Ls 36 116 Lockrose Ls 256 116 Lockrose Ls 359 117 Lockrose Ls 532 117 Lockrose Ls 793 118 Lockyer Ly 353 118 Lockyer Ly 403 119 Lockyer Ly 638 119 Maroon Mr 647 120 Toogoolawah Tw 447 120

Soils on sedimentary rocks of undulating rises to steep hills and mountains

Kamerigo, moderately shallow Ka2 355 121 Kenilworth, moderately shallow Kl2 417 121 Kenilworth Kl 819 122 Milford Mf 982 122 Normanby Nb 1010 123 Reynold Rd 419 123 Rockville, moderately deep Rv3 319 124 Rockville, moderately shallow Rv2 412 124 Rockville, moderately deep Rv3 416 125 Rockville Rv 435 125 Toohill Tl 380 126 Wyaralong, moderately deep Wg3 578 126 Waters Wt 423 127 Waters Wt 854 127

Soils on acid igneous rocks of undulating rises to steep hills and mountains

Charlwood Cw 822 128

Soils on intermediate and basic igneous rocks of undulating rises to steep hills and mountains Churchbank Ch 16 128 Churchbank, moderately deep Ch3 501 129 Churchbank Ch 772 129 Deer, moderately deep Dr3 428 130 Jimna Jn 432 130

112

Soil Name: B - Bremer Location: 469972 mE 6912458 mN ZONE 56 Site: 215

Geology: Cza - Stream alluvium, mainly clay, silt, sand, gravel

Relief/Modal slope: level plain Slope: 0.5 %

Runoff: very slow Permeability: very slowly permeable

Drainage: imperfectly drained Surface Condition: hard setting

Disturbance: complete clearing - pasture - but never cultivated

ASC: Grey, DERMOSOL PPF: Uf6.33

Lower Stratum: Tussock grass Species: Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass)

Horizon Depth (m) Description A 0.00 to 0.10 Very dark grey (10YR3/1) moist; no mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; moderate angular blocky structure; no segregations; moist weak; gradual to;

B21 0.10 to 0.50 Dark greyish brown (10YR4/2) moist; few 2-10% medium 5-15mm distinct dark mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; moderate angular blocky structure; no segregations; B22 0.50 to 1.30 Dark grey (2.5Y4/1) moist; many 20-50% medium 5-15mm distinct brown mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; massive structure; no segregations;

B23 1.30 to 1.60 Dark greyish brown (10YR4/2) moist; few 2-10% fine <5mm distinct brown mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; massive structure; no segregations;

Site 215 Org. C Tot N

C/N

NO3-N Bicarb-ext. Acid-ext. Extrac. HCl-extrac DTPA-extrac. elements

(mg/kg) Depth(m) % % ratio mg/kg P (mg/kg) P (mg/kg) SO4-S mg/kg K (meq/100g) Fe Mn Cu Zn

0-.10 5

Site 215 1:5 soil/water Particle size % Exchangeable cations+ Total elements % Moisture % Disp. dS/m % @105oC Meq/100g % @ 65oC @ 105oC ratio

Depth(m) pH EC Cl CS FS Z C CEC Ca Mg Na K ESP P K S ADM 1500 R1 0-.10 8.1 1.04 0.260 4 20 25 46 49 33 16 3.8 0.54 8 3.8

.20-.30 8.3 0.8 0.094 4 32 21 43 41 30 14 4.3 0.37 11 3.2

.50-.60 8.3 0.8 0.096 4 28 17 46 40 34 15 4.4 0.21 11 2.7

.80-.90 8.2 0.81 0.097 5 29 18 47 41 27 14 4.1 0.18 10 3.3 1.10-1.20 8.2 0.53 0.063 6 30 17 43 41 33 14 3.6 0.18 9 3.0 1.40-1.50 8.2 0.5 0.058 9 30 17 43 39 32 14 3.1 0.2 8 2.7




Runoff: very slow Permeability: moderately permeable

Drainage: well drained Surface Condition: firm

Disturbance: complete clearing - pasture - cultivation at some stage (pumpkin, navy bean)

ASC: Black, DERMOSOL PPF: Uf6.32

Horizon Depth (m) Description Ap 0.00 to 0.20 Very dark grey (10YR3/1) moist; no mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; massive structure; no segregations; moderately moist very weak; gradual to;

B21 0.20 to 0.80 Very dark grey (10YR3/1) moist; no mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong angular blocky structure; no segregations;

B22 0.80 to 1.40 Dark brown (10YR3/3) moist; no mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong angular blocky structure; no segregations;

B23 1.40 to 1.60 Very dark grey (10YR3/1) moist; no mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong angular blocky structure; no segregations;


C/N

NO3-N Bicarb-ext. Acid-ext. Extrac. HCl-extrac DTPA-extrac. elements (mg/kg) Depth(m) % % ratio mg/kg P (mg/kg) P (mg/kg) SO4-S (mg/kg) K (meq/100g) Fe Mn Cu Zn

0-.10 2.48 0.23 11 16 160 280 6.7 1.2 51 25 2.5 2.6

Site 259 1:5 soil/water Particle size % Exchangeable cations# Total elements % Moisture % Disp.

Exch

Exch

dS/m % @105oC Meq/100g % @ 65oC @ 105oC ratio meq/100g @105oC Depth(m) pH EC Cl CS FS Z C CEC Ca Mg Na K ESP P K S ADM 1500 R1 Al acid ECEC

0-.10 7.3 0.09 .002 5.85 1 20 36 41 28 13 0.54 1.20 1 0.148 1.290 0.028 5.58 23 IS 0.05 0.0 43 .20-.30 7.6 0.06 .003 6.5 1 22 40 34 30 13 0.81 0.50 2 0.148 1.176 0.022 6.50 25 0.61 0.04 0.0 44 .50-.60 7.6 0.06 .004 6.93 1 23 39 39 31 14 0.83 0.44 2 0.128 1.188 0.018 6.93 25 0.51 0.05 0.02 46 .80-.90 7.8 0.06 .003 5.64 1 15 39 44 30 15 0.79 0.54 2 0.130 1.211 0.014 5.64 25 0.60 0.05 0.02 46

1.10-1.20 8.1 0.05 .002 5.74 1 21 40 36 29 16 0.78 0.45 2 0.106 1.153 0.012 5.74 24 0.63 0.05 0.03 46 1.40-1.50 8.2 0.04 .001

113



Relief/Modal slope: undulating plain Slope: 4 %

Runoff: slow Permeability: moderately permeable

Drainage: well drained Surface Condition: hard setting


ASC: Brown, DERMOSOL PPF: Uf6.31

Tallest Stratum: Tree, 6.01-12m, isolated clumps Species: Acacia harpophylla (brigalow)


Horizon Depth (m) Description A 0.00 to 0.15 Dark brown (10YR3/3) moist; no mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; moderate angular blocky structure; no segregations; dry very firm; clear to;

B21 0.15 to 0.55 Brown (7.5YR4/3) moist; no mottles; medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong angular blocky structure; no segregations;

B22 0.55 to 0.70 Reddish brown (5YR4/4) moist; no mottles; medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong lenticular structure; no segregations;

B23 0.70 to 1.15 Dark yellowish brown (10YR4/4) moist; no mottles; medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong lenticular structure; no segregations;

2B24 1.15 to 1.30 Dark greyish brown (2.5Y4/3) moist; common 10-20% medium 5-15mm distinct dark mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong lenticular structure; no segregations;


C/N


0-.10 3.62 0.33 11 1 23 340 13 1.3 66 70 1.7 9.6

Site 263 1:5 soil/water Particle size % Exchangeable cations+ Total elements % Moisture % Disp.

Exch

Exch

CaCl2 dS/m % @105oC Meq/100g % @ 65oC @ 105oC ratio meq/100g @105oC

Depth(m) pH EC Cl CS FS Z C Ca Mg Na K ESP P K S ADM 1500 R1 Al acid ECEC pH 0-.10 6.6 0.060 0.001 14 32 15 32 17 6.6 0.14 1.60 1 0.117 1.104 0.045 4.09 18 0.50 - - 25 6.0

.20-.30 5.9 0.030 BQ 7 31 13 46 14 8.2 0.72 0.50 3 0.060 0.864 0.024 5.39 19 0.50 - - 24 4.6

.50-.60 8.4 0.105 0.009 6 29 12 50 14 10.0 2.30 0.31 8 0.025 0.863 0.019 5.84 22 0.67 3.9 4.6 31 4.0

.80-.90 8.6 0.435 0.056 5 33 14 48 12 10.0 4.20 0.29 14 0.035 0.979 0.025 4.42 20 0.75 2.7 3.3 30 4.0 1.10-1.20 8.6 0.671 0.084 7 33 16 42 11 10.0 5.20 0.28 18 0.063 1.041 0.017 4.28 18 0.77 1.8 2.2 28 4.1



Relief/modal slope: level plain Slope: 0.5 % Runoff: very slow Permeability: slowly permeable

Drainage: moderately well drained Surface Coarse Fragments: no coarse fragments

Disturbance: complete clearing - pasture - but never cultivated Surface Condition: hard setting, weakly cracking


Horizon Depth (m) Description A 0.00 to 0.10 Very dark grey (10YR3/1) moist; no mottles; medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong lenticular structure; no segregations; gradual to;

B21 0.10 to 0.30 Very dark greyish brown (10YR3/2) moist; no mottles; medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong lenticular structure; no segregations;

B22 0.30 to 1.10 Greyish brown (2.5Y5/2) moist; no mottles; medium heavy clay; no coarse fragments; moderate lenticular structure; no segregations;

2D 1.10 to 1.68 Dark greyish brown (2.5Y4/3) moist; no mottles; silty light medium clay; no coarse fragments; massive structure; no segregations;

Site 316 1:5 soil/water Particle size % Exchangeable cations+ Total elements % Moisture % Disp. Exch Exch dS/m % @105oC Meq/100g % @ 65oC @ 105oC ratio meq/100g @105oC

Depth(m) pH EC Cl CS FS Z C CEC Ca Mg Na K ESP P K S ADM 1500 R1 Al acid ECEC 0-.10 8.1 1.87 0.261 4 17 27 51 48 22 24 5.0 1.0 10 4.23

.20-.30 8.3 1.65 0.232 2 20 24 54 44 20 22 7.1 0.5 16 3.47

.50-.60 8.3 1.67 0.226 2 18 21 61 45 17 25 8.0 0.36 18 3.99

.80-.90 8.2 1.58 0.216 3 22 18 57 42 15 27 6.1 0.32 15 3.50 1.10-1.20 8.7 0.86 0.098 13 37 17 33 26 9 16 3.6 0.23 14 2.16 1.40-1.50 8.5 0.60 0.076 9 40 21 32 23 7 17 3.4 0.25 15 2.32

114

Soil Name: B2 - Bremer phase 2 Location: 446410 mE 6895979 mN ZONE 56 Site: 489

Geology: Qa - Undifferentiated floodplain and terrace

Relief/Modal slope: level plain Slope: 1 %

Runoff: very slow Permeability: slowly permeable

Drainage: moderately well drained Surface Coarse Fragments: few 2-10%, large pebbles 20-60mm

Disturbance: complete clearing - pasture - but never cultivated Surface Condition: hard setting


Lower Stratum: Tussock grass Species: Sporobolus diandrus; Cynodon dactylon (couch, green couch Bermuda

grass),

Horizon Depth (m) Description A1 0.00 to 0.15 Very dark greyish brown (10YR3/2) moist; no mottles; light clay; no coarse fragments; massive structure; no segregations;

B2 0.15 to 0.70 Greyish brown (2.5Y5/3) moist; no mottles; medium clay; no coarse fragments; moderate angular blocky structure; few 2-10% medium 2-6mm manganiferous concretion;


C/N

NO3-N Bicarb-ext. Acid-ext. Extrac. HCl-extrac DTPA-extrac. elements (mg/kg) Depth(m) % % ratio mg/kg P (mg/kg) P (mg/kg) SO4-S mg/kg K (meq/100g) Fe Mn Cu Zn

0-.10 1


Depth(m) pH EC Cl CS FS Z C CEC Ca Mg Na K ESP P K S ADM 1500 R1 Al acid ECEC 0-.10 6.0 0.26 0.026 16 8 31 36 5.3 6.1 4.2 1.10 25 3.0 17

.20-.30 8.5 0.46 0.029 6 9 28 57 4.5 11.0 17.0 0.83 51 3.1 33

.50-.60 9.3 0.57 0.038 6 9 22 64 3.6 15.0 25.0 0.74 56 3.8 44





Drainage: moderately well drained Surface Condition: hard setting


Horizon Depth (m) Description Ap 0.00 to 0.15 Very dark grey (10YR3/1) moist; no mottles; medium clay; no coarse fragments; massive structure; no segregations; moist weak;

B21 0.15 to 1.10 Black (10YR2/1) moist; no mottles; medium clay; no coarse fragments; moderate lenticular structure; no segregations;

B22 1.10 to 1.55 Very dark grey (10YR3/1) moist; common 10-20% medium 5-15mm distinct brown mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; weak structure; no segregations;

2D 1.55 to 1.65 Dark brown (10YR3/3) moist; no mottles; fine sandy light clay; no coarse fragments; single grain structure; no segregations;


C/N


0-.10


Depth(m) pH EC Cl CS FS Z C CEC Ca Mg Na K ESP P K S ADM 1500 R1 Al acid ECEC 0-.10 IS IS IS IS IS IS IS IS IS IS IS IS IS IS NR IS IS IS

.20-.30 7.6 0.17 0.012 3 13 23 57 IS IS IS IS 0.081 1.12 0.024 5.38 24 0.62 IS

.50-.60 6.1 0.33 0.032 4 11 25 58 IS IS IS IS 0.086 1.11 0.033 5.06 29 0.56 IS

.80-.90 5.8 0.43 0.044 2 15 22 57 28 17 1.20 0.45 3 0.098 1.15 0.033 4.95 27 0.54 47 1.10-1.20 6.1 0.35 0.036 12 18 22 47 26 15 0.85 0.44 2 0.097 1.23 0.026 4.43 23 0.58 42 1.40-1.50 7.2 0.21 0.016 16 14 19 47 IS IS IS IS 0.088 1.18 0.024 4.37 IS 0.68 IS

115



Relief/Modal slope: very gently undulating plain Slope: 1.5 %



Disturbance: complete clearing - pasture - cultivation at some stage Surface Condition: loose


Horizon Depth (m) Description Ap 0.00 to 0.20 Very dark grey (10YR3/1) moist; no mottles; medium clay; no coarse fragments; massive structure; no segregations; dry very firm; gradual to;

B21 0.20 to 0.70 Dark grey (2.5Y4/1) moist; no mottles; medium heavy clay; no coarse fragments; moderate angular blocky structure; no segregations;

B22 0.70 to 1.65 Greyish brown (2.5Y5/3) moist; few 2-10% fine <5mm distinct orange mottles; medium clay; no coarse fragments; massive structure; no segregations;


C/N


0-.10 11


Depth(m) pH EC Cl CS FS Z C CEC Ca Mg Na K ESP P K S ADM 1500 R1 Al acid ECEC 0-.10 7.3 0.31 0.028 1 11 29 58 19.0 22 3.3 0.66 7 0.097 1.120 0.033 4.58 23 0.73 45

.20-.30 7.9 0.39 0.030 IS IS IS IS IS IS IS IS - 0.080 1.120 0.030 4.79 IS 0.79 IS

.50-.60 8.8 0.59 0.034 IS IS IS IS IS IS IS IS - 0.063 1.230 0.020 4.32 26 IS IS

.80-.90 8.9 0.61 0.043 11 13 18 56 8.5 24 9.2 0.39 22 0.031 0.825 0.015 3.52 24 IS 42 1.10-1.20 8.9 0.68 0.055 7 14 18 60 5.7 28 12.0 0.44 26 0.023 0.856 0.014 4.09 25 IS 46 1.40-1.50 8.9 0.62 0.054 IS IS IS IS 5.0 28 12.0 0.46 26 0.021 0.896 0.013 4.22 25 IS 45





Drainage: imperfectly drained Surface Coarse Fragments: no coarse fragments



Tallest Stratum: Tree, 20.01-35m, isolated clumps Species: Eucalyptus tereticornis (blue gum, forest red gum)

Lower Stratum: Tussock grass Species: Pennisetum species

Horizon Depth (m) Description A1 0.00 to 0.10 Very dark grey (10YR3/1) moist; no mottles; light clay; no coarse fragments; moderate angular blocky structure; no segregations; moist weak; gradual to;

B21 0.10 to 0.35 Black (10YR2/1) moist; no mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; moderate angular blocky structure; no segregations;

2B22 0.35 to 1.10 Grey (10YR5/1) moist; common 10-20% fine <5mm distinct brown mottles; fine sandy light medium clay; no coarse fragments; weak structure; no segregations;

3B23 1.10 to 1.50 Dark grey (10YR4/1) moist; few 2-10% fine <5mm distinct brown mottles; medium clay; no coarse fragments; weak structure; no segregations;

Site 609 Org. C Tot N C/N NO3-N Bicarb-ext. Acid-ext. Extrac. HCl-extrac DTPA-extrac. elements (mg/kg)

Depth(m) % % ratio mg/kg P (mg/kg) P (mg/kg) SO4-S (mg/kg) K (meq/100g) Fe Mn Cu Zn 0-.10 9.14 0.66 14 1 300 220 110 1.0 154 39 3.1 33

Site 609 1:5 soil/water Particle size % Exchangeable cations# Total elements % Moisture % Disp. Exch Exch


0-.10 7.3 0.553 .059 IS IS IS IS 24 9.2 3.3 1.00 9 0.177 1.231 0.148 5.43 27 IS 0.01 0.11 38 .20-.30 7.8 1.010 .104 8 28 22 39 21 7.5 4.9 0.39 15 0.091 1.173 0.047 3.22 18 IS 0.02 0.09 34 .50-.60 7.9 1.410 .153 10 36 19 35 16 6.5 6.3 0.26 22 0.065 1.094 0.045 2.65 15 0.82 0.02 0.00 29 .80-.90 8.0 0.940 .080 6 38 18 36 16 6.9 5.3 0.27 19 0.069 1.078 0.029 2.78 15 0.84 0.02 0.05 28

1.10-1.20 8.4 0.240 .018 7 39 20 35 14 6.0 2.8 0.24 12 0.080 1.151 0.014 2.76 15 0.89 0.02 0.04 23 1.40-1.50 8.3 0.225 .013

116

Soil Name: Ls - Lockrose Location: 463517 mE 6915853 mN ZONE 56 Site: 36




Drainage: well drained


Lower Stratum: Tussock grass Species: Paspalum dilatatum (paspalum)

Land use: previously Lucerne

Horizon Depth (m) Description A 0.00 to 0.25 Very dark grey (10YR3/1) moist; no mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; moderate angular blocky structure; no segregations; moderately moist weak; gradual to;

B21 0.25 to 0.70 Black (10YR2/1) moist; no mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong angular blocky structure; no segregations;

B22 0.70 to 1.00 Very dark greyish brown (10YR3/2) moist; no mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong angular blocky structure; no segregations;

2D 1.00 to 1.30 Dark brown (10YR3/3) moist; no mottles; fine sandy light clay; no coarse fragments; strong prismatic structure; very few <2% medium 2-6mm calcareous nodule;


C/N


0-.10 2.28 0.2 11 24 66 560 6.4 0.3 70 30 1.8 2.0


Depth(m) pH EC Cl CS FS Z C CEC Ca Mg Na K ESP P K S ADM 1500 R1 Al acid ECEC 0-.10 6.3 0.080 0.024 < 1 15 37 43 23 13.0 0.66 0.37 2 0.151 1.407 0.023 5.38 20 0.65 37

.20-.30 6.6 0.050 0.007 1 15 36 46 25 13.0 1.00 0.30 3 0.149 1.396 0.020 5.85 23 0.64 39

.50-.60 7.2 0.050 0.034 2 20 33 48 26 14.0 1.20 0.50 3 0.139 1.376 0.011 5.89 26 0.68 42

.80-.90 7.3 0.158 0.160 1 26 29 43 26 14.0 1.10 0.39 3 0.153 1.300 0.013 6.81 24 0.56 42 1.10-1.20 7.9 0.144 0.106 9 50 19 24 19 9.5 0.71 0.25 2 0.124 1.426 0.008 4.15 15 0.64 30 1.40-1.50 7.8 0.110 0.074 19 47 12 21 16 8.1 0.60 0.25 2 0.133 1.407 0.006 3.51 12 0.73 25






Disturbance: complete clearing - pasture - cultivation at some stage


Lower Stratum: Tussock grass Species: Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass); Trifolium repens var. repens

Horizon Depth (m) Description Ap 0.00 to 0.10 Very dark grey (10YR3/1) moist; no mottles; medium clay; no coarse fragments; massive structure; no segregations; dry firm;

B21 0.10 to 0.60 Black (10YR2/1) moist; no mottles; medium clay; no coarse fragments; moderate lenticular structure; no segregations;

B22 0.60 to 0.90 Very dark greyish brown (10YR3/2) moist; no mottles; medium clay; no coarse fragments; moderate lenticular structure; no segregations;

2B23 0.90 to 1.40 Dark brown (10YR3/3) moist; common 10-20% fine <5mm distinct dark mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; moderate lenticular structure; very few <2% medium 2-6mm calcareous nodule;

2B24k 1.40 to 1.60 Very dark greyish brown (10YR3/2) moist; no mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; moderate lenticular structure; very few <2% medium 2-6mm calcareous nodule;


C/N


0-.10 1

Site 256 1:5 soil/water Particle size % Exchangeable cations+ Total elements % Moisture % Disp. dS/m % @105oC Meq/100g % @ 65oC @ 105oC ratio

Depth(m) pH EC Cl CS FS Z C CEC Ca Mg Na K ESP P K S ADM 1500 R1 0-.10 7.7 0.17 0.011 3 22 35 40 47 19 21 3.1 0.74 7 3.42

.20-.30 8.4 0.27 0.025 1 22 31 47 49 20 29 5.9 0.33 12 3.77

.50-.60 8.9 0.68 0.073 2 18 24 58 56 15 34 11 0.41 19 4.24

.80-.90 9.2 0.67 0.060 3 20 25 50 52 14 33 11 0.32 21 4.34 1.10-1.20 9.0 0.58 0.049 3 19 32 47 47 15 30 7.8 0.23 17 4.25 1.40-1.50 8.9 0.42 0.030 2 20 32 47 47 19 30 5.1 0.21 11 4.42

117

Soil Name: Ls – Lockrose Location: 464137 mE 6889386 mN ZONE 56 Site: 359







Tallest Stratum: Tree, 20.01-35m, isolated clumps Species: Eucalyptus tereticornis (blue gum, forest red gum); Eucalyptus crebra (narrow-leaved ironbark)

Horizon Depth (m) Description A1 0.00 to 0.10 Very dark greyish brown (10YR3/2) moist; no mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; moderate angular blocky structure; no segregations; moderately moist weak; gradual to;

B21 0.10 to 0.50 Very dark grey (10YR3/1) moist; no mottles; medium clay; no coarse fragments; moderate angular blocky structure; no segregations;

B22 0.50 to 1.00 Greyish brown (2.5Y5/2) moist; no mottles; medium clay; no coarse fragments; moderate angular blocky structure; no segregations;

B23k 1.00 to 1.65 Greyish brown (2.5Y5/2) moist; no mottles; medium clay; no coarse fragments; moderate angular blocky structure; few 2-10% medium 2-6mm calcareous nodules;


C/N


0-.10 1.79 0.16 11 1 41 43 7 0.4 103 38 2 1.8


Depth(m) pH EC Cl CS FS Z C CEC Ca Mg Na K ESP P K S ADM 1500 R1 Al acid ECEC 0-.10 6.5 0.05 0.001 5 27 29 36 10 10 0.8 0.62 4 0.057 1.099 0.018 3.74 18 0.70 0.00 0.30 21

.20-.30 6.4 0.12 0.014 2 21 28 46 11 13 1.9 0.41 7 0.036 0.999 0.009 4.52 20 0.80 0.02 0.12 26

.50-.60 7.4 0.77 0.090 1 20 23 54 13 19 5.5 0.40 15 0.023 0.961 0.011 6.11 24 0.76 0.04 0.02 38

.80-.90 8.0 1.07 0.156 1 22 23 56 14 23 7.8 0.51 17 0.027 0.929 0.006 5.09 24 0.78 0.04 0.03 45 1.10-1.20 8.6 0.94 0.121 < 1 23 28 47 17 22 7.9 0.51 17 0.041 1.116 0.004 4.66 22 0.84 0.06 0.28 47 1.40-1.50 8.6 0.73 0.091









Horizon Depth (m) Description A 0.00 to 0.10 Very dark greyish brown (10YR3/2) moist; no mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; moderate angular blocky structure; no segregations; dry very firm; gradual to;

B21 0.10 to 0.60 Very dark grey (10YR3/1) moist; no mottles; medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong angular blocky structure; no segregations;

B22 0.60 to 0.90 Very dark greyish brown (2.5Y3/2) moist; no mottles; medium clay; no coarse fragments; moderate angular blocky structure; no segregations;

B23 0.90 to 1.65 Grey (2.5Y5/1) moist; no mottles; medium clay; no coarse fragments; moderate lenticular structure; few 2-10% medium 2-6mm calcareous nodules;


C/N


0-.10 < 0.65


Depth(m) pH EC Cl CS FS Z C CEC Ca Mg Na K ESP P K S ADM 1500 R1 Al acid ECEC 0-.10 6.6 0.10 0.004 11 29 21 36 14 8.8 2.4 1.00 9 0.075 1.58 0.033 3.01 17 0.65 26

.20-.30 7.3 0.35 0.039 7 28 22 40 16 11.0 7.5 0.38 21 0.049 1.47 0.026 3.46 19 0.86 35

.50-.60 8.7 0.92 0.104 5 23 23 50 13 12.0 15.0 0.36 37 0.033 1.38 0.023 3.86 24 0.96 40

.80-.90 8.9 1.28 0.164 2 9 25 64 14 15.0 21.0 0.54 42 0.028 1.40 0.021 3.94 26 0.98 51 1.10-1.20 9.2 0.83 0.054 9 12 22 57 23 17.0 23.0 0.60 36 0.028 1.24 0.024 4.04 25 0.92 64 1.40-1.50 9.2 0.78 0.054 2 13 24 61 IS IS IS IS - 0.026 1.26 0.015 4.39 IS 0.92 IS

118

Soil Name: Ls – Lockrose Location: 460420 mE 6906148 mN ZONE 56 Site: 793

Geology: Qa - Undifferentiated floodplain and terrace Slope: 0.5 %

Relief/Modal slope: level plain Permeability: moderately permeable

Runoff: very slow Surface Coarse Fragments: no coarse fragments




Horizon Depth (m) Description A1 0.00 to 0.10 Very dark greyish brown (10YR3/2) moist; no mottles; light clay; no coarse fragments; moderate angular blocky structure; no segregations; moderately moist weak; gradual to; B1 0.10 to 0.30 Very dark grey (10YR3/1) moist; no mottles; light clay; no coarse fragments; moderate angular blocky structure; no segregations; B21 0.30 to 0.65 Dark brown (10YR3/3) moist; no mottles; medium clay; no coarse fragments; moderate angular blocky structure; no segregations; B22 0.65 to 0.90 Brown (7.5YR4/3) moist; no mottles; medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong angular blocky structure; no segregations; B23 0.90 to 1.55 Brown (10YR4/3) moist; no mottles; medium clay; no coarse fragments; moderate lenticular structure; few 2-10% fine <2mm calcareous nodule;


C/N


0-.10 2.62 0.26 10 2 120 420 7.7 2.3 180 31 1 6.3

Site 793 1:5 soil/water Particle size % Exchangeable cations+ Total elements % Moisture % Disp. CaCl2 dS/m % @105oC Meq/100g % @ 65oC @ 105oC ratio

Depth(m) pH EC Cl CS FS Z C CEC Ca Mg Na K ESP P K S ADM 1500 R1 pH 0-.10 6.1 0.07 0.003 9 41 23 24 28 8.4 4.8 0.3 2.20 2 0.172 1.699 0.029 3.3 16 0.60 5.2

.20-.30 6.6 0.06 0.002 2 21 41 36 38 17 8.4 0.4 2.20 4 0.162 1.782 0.025 4.9 19 0.59 5.7

.50-.60 8.2 0.12 0.009 2 17 30 54 40 23 15.0 2.0 0.74 5 0.060 1.458 0.011 6.9 24 0.71 6.9

.80-.90 8.7 0.47 0.032 3 21 27 52 39 18 17.0 4.3 0.37 11 0.091 1.308 0.019 6.8 25 0.73 7.9 1.10-1.20 8.7 0.49 0.041 2 28 28 43 34 15 17.0 4.5 0.52 12 0.110 1.490 0.015 5.7 22 0.75 7.8 1.40-1.50 8.6 0.45 0.046 5 35 24 38 30 12 16.0 4.2 0.57 13 0.123 1.555 0.012 5.2 19 0.82 7.7

Soil Name: Ly - Lockyer Location: 462486 mE 6889280 mN ZONE 56 Site: 353

Geology: Qa - Undifferentiated floodplain and terrace Slope: 0.5 % Relief/Modal slope: level plain Permeability: slowly permeable Runoff: very slow Surface Coarse Fragments: no coarse fragments Drainage: moderately well drained Surface Condition: hard setting Disturbance: complete clearing - pasture - but never cultivated ASC: Black, DERMOSOL PPF: Uf6.32

Lower Stratum: Tussock grass Species: Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass); Trifolium repens var. repens Horizon Depth (m) Description A 0.00 to 0.10 Brown (10YR4/3) moist; no mottles; silty light clay; no coarse fragments; weak structure; no segregations; moderately moist very weak; clear to; 2B2 0.10 to 0.65 Very dark grey (10YR3/1) moist; no mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong angular blocky structure; no segregations; 3D1 0.65 to 1.10 Very dark greyish brown (10YR3/2) moist; no mottles; fine sandy light clay; no coarse fragments; weak structure; no segregations; 3D2 1.10 to 1.50 Dark greyish brown (2.5Y4/3) moist; no mottles; fine sandy light clay; no coarse fragments; massive structure; no segregations; Notes: Area subject to frequent flooding whenever there is intense rain in upper catchment


C/N


0-.10 3.34 0.29 12 2 79 120 0.8 191 46 2.9 3.4


Depth(m) pH EC Cl CS FS Z C CEC Ca Mg Na K ESP P K S ADM 1500 R1 Al acid ECEC 0-.10 6.7 0.07 0.003 IS IS IS IS 21 12 0.58 0.94 2 0.095 1.235 0.039 4.94 24 IS 0.03 0.02 35

.20-.30 7.3 0.04 0.001 2 30 29 39 24 14 0.63 0.52 2 0.098 1.200 0.020 5.28 23 0.67 0.05 0.07 39

.50-.60 7.6 0.04 0.001 5 44 25 29 24 14 0.65 0.33 2 0.103 1.219 0.013 5.14 19 0.52 0.05 0.01 39

.80-.90 8.1 0.06 0.003 2 50 23 25 24 13 0.68 0.28 2 0.095 1.234 0.013 5.13 19 0.62 0.05 0.03 38 1.10-1.20 7.3 < 0.01 0.005 3 46 25 26 23 13 0.67 0.28 2 0.092 1.273 0.012 4.96 19 0.66 0.05 0.01 38 1.40-1.50 8.1 0.06 0.005

119








Lower Stratum: Tussock grass Species: Paspalum species

Horizon Depth (m) Description A1 0.00 to 0.08 Very dark grey (10YR3/1) moist; no mottles; light clay; no coarse fragments; moderate angular blocky structure; no segregations; moderately moist firm; gradual to;

B21 0.08 to 0.36 Black (10YR2/1) moist; no mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; moderate angular blocky structure; no segregations;

2B22 0.36 to 0.67 Greyish brown (2.5Y5/2) moist; common 10-20% fine <5mm distinct orange mottles; sandy light clay; no coarse fragments; strong angular blocky structure; no segregations;

3B23 0.67 to 0.95 Dark grey (2.5Y4/1) moist; few 2-10% fine <5mm distinct orange mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong angular blocky structure; no segregations;

3B24 0.95 to 1.35 Black (10YR2/1) moist; no mottles; medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong lenticular structure; no segregations;

3B25 1.35 to 1.60 Grey (2.5Y5/1) moist; few 2-10% fine <5mm distinct orange mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong angular blocky structure; no segregations;


C/N


0-.10 0.83 363


Depth(m) pH EC Cl CS FS Z C CEC Ca Mg Na K ESP P K S ADM 1500 R1 Al acid ECEC 0-.10 5.7 0.78 0.024 34 26 13 19 34 10 8.8 1.3 2.00 6 0.208 1.74 0.128 4.00 24 0.37

.20-.30 9.1 0.11 0.164 17 29 16 40 33 12 14 5.9 1.30 18 0.122 1.73 0.031 4.25 22 0.94

.50-.60 9.0 1.12 0.163 39 26 9 26 24 6.6 11 5.9 0.33 25 0.097 1.72 0.019 2.95 15 0.93

.80-.90 8.6 1.42 0.208 5 35 20 40 33 12 15 5.9 0.16 18 0.072 1.58 0.016 4.00 21 0.91 1.10-1.20 8.3 1.80 0.262 IS IS IS IS 45 20 19 5.8 0.55 13 0.073 1.34 0.017 6.66 27 IS 1.40-1.50 8.3 0.89 0.138 8 32 17 43 33 18 14 4.0 0.41 11 0.071 1.51 0.013 4.62 21 0.73





Drainage: well drained Disturbance: complete clearing - pasture - cultivation at some stage

ASC: Brown, CHROMOSOL PPF: Db1.12

Horizon Depth (m) Description Ap 0.00 to 0.30 Dark brown (7.5YR3/2) moist; no mottles; fine sandy clay loam; no coarse fragments; weak structure; no segregations; moist very weak; clear to;

B2 0.30 to 0.85 Brown (7.5YR4/3) moist; no mottles; silty light medium clay; no coarse fragments; moderate angular blocky structure; no segregations;

2D 0.85 to 0.95 Dark brown (7.5YR3/2) moist; no mottles; sandy clay loam; no coarse fragments; moderate angular blocky structure; no segregations;

3D 0.95 to 1.50 Dark brown (7.5YR3/2) moist; no mottles; sandy light clay; no coarse fragments; moderate angular blocky structure; no segregations;


C/N


0-.10 1.41 0.14 2 110 280 5.5 1.2 65 31 1.1 1.8


Depth(m) pH EC Cl CS FS Z C CEC Ca Mg Na K ESP P K S ADM 1500 R1 Al acid ECEC 0-.10 6.5 0.04 0.001 14 38 23 26 9.6 4.1 0.1 1.20 <1 0.12 1.696 0.015 2.60 11 0.77 0.00 0.12 15

.20-.30 7.2 0.04 0.002 4 42 17 38 19.0 7.5 0.4 0.50 1 0.10 1.414 0.010 4.33 18 0.61 0.02 0.11 27

.50-.60 7.6 0.05 0.003 14 43 13 29 19.0 7.2 0.5 0.45 2 0.10 1.383 0.005 4.08 15 0.80 0.01 0.21 27

.80-.90 7.5 0.04 0.003 36 31 9 22 16.0 6.1 0.5 0.49 2 0.10 1.451 0.005 3.54 13 0.90 0.01 0.13 23 1.10-1.20 7.2 0.03 0.002 34 36 11 21 15.0 5.5 0.3 0.45 1 0.09 1.367 0.005 3.25 11 0.86 0.01 0.16 21 1.40-1.50 7.2 0.02 0.001

120

Soil Name: Mr - Maroon Location: 452580 mE 6900818 mN ZONE 56 Site: 647


Relief/Modal slope: undulating plain Slope: 4 %


Drainage: imperfectly drained Surface Condition: hard setting



Tallest Stratum: Tree, 20.01-35m, isolated plants Species: Corymbia citriodora (lemon-scented gum, lemon-scented iron gum, spotted gum)

Mid Stratum: Tree, 3.01-6m, mid-dense Species: Acacia species

Lower Stratum: Tussock grass Species: Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass); Melinis repens (red natal grass)

Horizon Depth (m) Description A1 0.00 to 0.05 Very dark greyish brown (10YR3/2) moist; no mottles; light clay; no coarse fragments; weak structure; no segregations; moderately moist weak; clear to;

A2j 0.05 to 0.30 Greyish brown (10YR5/2) moist; light grey (10YR72) dry; no mottles; light clay; no coarse fragments; weak structure; no segregations; clear to;

B21 0.30 to 0.90 Dark greyish brown (10YR4/2) moist; very few <2% medium 5-15mm distinct orange mottles; medium heavy clay; no coarse fragments; moderate lenticular structure; no segregations;

B22 0.90 to 1.50 Dark greyish brown (10YR4/2) moist; no mottles; medium heavy clay; no coarse fragments; massive structure; no segregations;


C/N


0-.10 2.51 0.18 1 4 3 8.3 0.6 93 66 0.64 2


Depth(m) pH EC Cl CS FS Z C CEC Ca Mg Na K ESP P K S ADM 1500 R1 Al acid ECEC 0-.10 5.6 0.030 <0.001 6 41 23 30 3.10 4.5 0.5 0.85 6 0.018 0.24 0.014 2.28 11 0.65 1.1 1.4 10

.20-.30 5.5 0.050 0.004 2 26 20 51 0.42 7.5 1.8 0.26 18 0.011 0.191 0.005 3.39 17 0.70 6.2 7.1 17

.50-.60 4.9 0.257 0.038 < 1 14 14 69 0.15 13.0 5.6 0.29 29 0.009 0.184 0.004 5.09 25 0.78 7.6 9.0 28

.80-.90 4.7 0.595 0.082 < 1 13 12 71 0.18 14.0 8.4 0.31 37 0.009 0.188 0.007 5.75 26 0.78 6.9 8.0 31 1.10-1.20 4.7 0.626 0.080 1 13 14 69 0.13 16.0 9.7 0.32 37 0.010 0.211 0.016 6.20 26 0.99 6.5 7.9 34 1.40-1.50 4.8 0.538 0.070

Soil Name: Tw – Toogoolawah Location: 448550 mE 6891800 mN ZONE 56 Site: 447




Drainage: poorly drained Watertable: -0.1 m


ASC: Redoxic, HYDROSOL PPF: Uf6.33

Tallest Stratum: Tree, 20.01-35m, isolated clumps Species: Eucalyptus tereticornis (blue gum, forest red gum)

Lower Stratum: Tussock grass Species: Pennisetum alopecuroides (swamp foxtail); Ficus species

Horizon Depth (m) Description A1 0.00 to 0.10 Very dark greyish brown (10YR3/2) moist; common 10-20% fine <5mm distinct brown mottles; light clay; no coarse fragments; massive structure; no segregations; moderately moist weak;

B21 0.10 to 0.70 Dark grey (5Y4/1) moist; few 2-10% fine <5mm distinct orange mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; weak structure; no segregations;

B22 0.70 to 1.40 Very dark grey (5Y3/1) moist; common 10-20% medium 5-15mm distinct orange mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; massive structure; no segregations;


C/N


0-.10 < 0.65


Depth(m) pH EC Cl CS FS Z C CEC Ca Mg Na K ESP P K S ADM 1500 R1 Al acid ECEC .20-.30 8.1 0.29 0.019 6 22 28 42 26 11 2.6 0.36 7 4.0 40 .50-.60 8.0 0.20 0.012 2 19 27 50 23 11 2.6 0.48 7 3.8 37

121

Soil Name: Ka2- Kamerigo phase 2 Location: 463141 mE 6889045 mN ZONE 56 Site: 355

Geology: Jw - Shale, coal, siltstone, sandstone of Walloon Coal Measures

Relief/Modal slope: undulating low hills Slope: 10 %

Runoff: slow Permeability: slowly permeable



ASC: Red, CHROMOSOL PPF: Dr3.23

Tallest Stratum: Tree, 12.01-20m, isolated clumps Species: Eucalyptus crebra (narrow-leaved ironbark)


Horizon Depth (m) Description A1 0.00 to 0.05 Very dark greyish brown (10YR3/2) moist; no mottles; silty clay loam; no coarse fragments; weak structure; no segregations; dry weak; gradual to;

A2 0.05 to 0.15 Dark greyish brown (10YR4/2) moist; few 2-10% fine <5mm distinct red mottles; silty clay loam; no coarse fragments; massive structure; no segregations;

B21 0.15 to 0.45 Reddish brown (5YR4/4) moist; common 10-20% medium 5-15mm distinct brown mottles; medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong angular blocky structure; no segregations; clear to;

B22 0.45 to 0.60 Yellowish brown (10YR5/4) moist; no mottles; medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong angular blocky structure; no segregations;

C 0.60 to 0.90 Weathered shale; no mottles; no coarse fragments; no segregations;


C/N


0-.10 3.2 0.31 10 3 72 49 1.1 247 32 1.1 7.3


Depth(m) pH EC Cl CS FS Z C CEC Ca Mg Na K ESP P K S ADM 1500 R1 Al acid ECEC 0-.10 6.2 0.06 <0.001 11 34 24 28 6.1 3.9 0.22 1.2 2 0.072 0.706 0.035 2.01 15 0.49 0.03 0.03 11

.20-.30 5.9 0.07 0.004 5 27 17 49 4.1 8.5 0.95 1 7 0.023 0.829 0.014 2.43 17 0.76 0.41 0.56 15

.50-.60 7.6 0.328 0.005 4 23 21 52 5.4 13 4.8 0.31 20 0.018 0.892 0.015 2.93 18 0.87 0.02 0.01 24

Soil Name: Kl2 - Kenilworth phase 2 Location: 465421 mE 6885167 mN ZONE 56 Site: 417


Relief/Modal slope: rolling rises Slope: 16 %

Runoff: moderately rapid Permeability: highly permeable




Tallest Stratum: Tree, 6.01-12m, isolated clumps Species: Corymbia polycarpa (long-fruited bloodwood)

Lower Stratum: Tussock grass Species: Heteropogon contortus (black speargrass)

Horizon Depth (m) Description A1 0.00 to 0.04 Very dark greyish brown (10YR3/2) moist; no mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; moderate angular blocky structure; no segregations; moderately moist weak;

B21 0.04 to 0.45 Brown (7.5YR5/4) moist; no mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong angular blocky structure; no segregations; clear to;

B22 0.45 to 0.60 Brown (10YR5/3) moist; no mottles; silty light medium clay; no coarse fragments; moderate angular blocky structure; common 10-20% soft manganiferous segregations; Note: weathered shale at 0.6m


C/N


0-.10 3.03 0.22 13 < 0.65 20 26 10 0.7 67 23 1.1 1.9


Depth(m) pH EC Cl CS FS Z C CEC Ca Mg Na K ESP P K S ADM 1500 R1 Al acid ECEC 0-.10 6.2 0.04 0.001 11 30 20 36 17 4.5 0.18 0.89 1 0.044 0.658 0.022 3.07 18 0.43 0.01 0.32 23

.20-.30 6.6 0.04 0.004 5 21 14 57 30 6.6 0.48 0.49 1 0.026 0.489 0.011 5.02 24 0.48 0.00 0.08 38

.50-.60 8.6 0.10 < 0.001 26 25 15 33 43 6.2 0.35 0.38 1 0.071 0.679 0.008 4.55 18 0.37 0.07 0.19 50

122

Soil Name: Kl - Kenilworth Location: 456106 mE 6910856 mN ZONE 56 Site: 819


Relief/Modal slope: undulating rises Slope: 4 %


Drainage: well drained Surface Coarse Fragments: no coarse fragments



Horizon Depth (m) Description A 0.00 to 0.10 Very dark greyish brown (10YR3/2) moist; no mottles; light clay; no coarse fragments; weak structure; no segregations; dry weak; clear to;

B21 0.10 to 1.20 Brown (10YR5/3) moist; no mottles; medium clay; no coarse fragments; moderate angular blocky structure; no segregations;

B22 1.20 to 1.60 Light yellowish brown (10YR6/4) moist; no mottles; medium clay; no coarse fragments; moderate angular blocky structure; no segregations;


C/N


0-.10 2.11 0.16 13 - 12 10 11 <0.2 73 34 0.77 0.82

Site 819 1:5 soil/water Particle size % Exchangeable

cations+ Total elements % Moisture % Disp.

Exch

Exch

CaCl2 dS/m % @105oC Meq/100g % @ 65oC @ 105oC ratio meq/100g @105oC

Depth(m) pH EC Cl CS FS Z C Ca Mg Na K ESP P K S ADM 1500 R1 Al acid ECEC pH 0-.10 6.1 0.060 0.003 14 30 23 31 5.6 7.4 0.95 0.18 7 0.032 0.178 0.020 2.77 12 0.61 14 4.9

.20-.30 5.5 0.080 0.007 9 22 17 52 4.3 13 2.3 0.16 11 0.021 0.197 0.010 3.52 18 0.73 2 2.4 22 4.3

.50-.60 5.1 0.333 0.046 IS IS IS IS 2.9 17 5.8 0.18 21 0.014 0.139 0.009 4.21 20 IS 2 2.4 28 IS

.80-.90 5.0 0.618 0.098 9 20 17 52 2.9 18 8.6 0.17 28 0.011 0.145 0.006 4.34 20 0.96 0.8 1.2 30 4.4 1.10-1.20 5.3 0.656 0.103 11 18 17 51 3.6 19 9.7 0.18 30 0.010 0.140 0.005 4.76 21 0.96 < 0.5 0.5 33 IS 1.40-1.50 5.8 0.719 0.109 12 16 20 50 4.7 22 11 0.20 29 0.018 0.187 < 0.005 5.13 22 0.94 37 5.2

Soil Name: Mf - Milford Location: 449412 mE 6903316 mN ZONE 56 Site: 982




Drainage: moderately well drained Surface Condition: firm


ASC: Red, DERMOSOL PPF: Uf3

Tallest Stratum: Tree, 12.01-20m, sparse Species: Eucalyptus tereticornis (blue gum, forest red gum); Eucalyptus crebra (narrow-leaved ironbark)

Horizon Depth (m) Description A1 0.00 to 0.20 Dark greyish brown (10YR4/2) moist; no mottles; silty light clay; no coarse fragments; weak structure; no segregations; moderately moist very weak; clear to;

A2j 0.20 to 0.30 Brown (10YR5/3) moist; light grey (10YR7/1) dry; no mottles; silty light clay; few 2-10% subangular gravel medium 6-20mm pebbles; weak structure; no segregations; clear to;

B21 0.30 to 0.60 Reddish brown (5YR4/4) moist; common 10-20% fine <5mm distinct pale mottles; medium clay; no coarse fragments; moderate angular blocky structure; no segregations;

B22 0.60 to 1.20 Dark greyish brown (10YR4/2) moist; few 2-10% medium 5-15mm distinct orange mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong lenticular structure; no segregations;

B23 1.20 to 1.70 Grey (10YR5/1) moist; few 2-10% coarse 15-30mm prominent orange mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong lenticular structure; no segregations;


C/N


0-.10 1.9 0.13 15 1 8 7 12 0.3 52 88 1.1 0.88


Depth(m) pH EC Cl CS FS Z C CEC Ca Mg Na K ESP P K S ADM 1500 R1 Al acid ECEC 0-.10 5.7 0.03 .002 19 32 25 27 2.40 2.5 0.30 0.50 5 0.025 0.101 0.012 1.47 10 0.69 0.47 0.71 6

.20-.30 5.9 0.02 .001 15 20 18 42 1.00 3.9 0.79 0.24 9 0.018 0.079 0.005 2.13 13 0.54 3.32 4.03 10

.50-.60 5.2 0.09 .012 9 13 12 63 0.45 5.3 1.80 0.26 11 0.012 0.091 0.006 3.70 22 0.39 8.22 9.45 17

.80-.90 4.7 0.23 .036 8 13 15 62 0.52 6.8 3.70 0.25 19 0.008 0.084 0.003 3.86 22 0.63 8.32 9.72 21 1.10-1.20 4.6 0.35 .046 5 13 15 67 0.84 9.5 6.30 0.27 25 0.006 0.085 0.004 4.73 25 0.76 7.84 9.38 26 1.40-1.50 4.6 0.38 .058

123

Soil Name: Nb - Normanby Location: 465273 mE 6904713 mN ZONE 56 Site: 1010


Relief/Modal slope: rolling low hills Slope: 12 %

Runoff: slow Permeability: slowly permeable Drainage: moderately well drained Surface Condition: loose

Surface Coarse Fragments: very few <2%, medium pebbles 6-20mm, Gravel



Horizon Depth (m) Description Ap 0.00 to 0.15 Dark greyish brown (10YR4/2) moist; no mottles; silty light medium clay; no coarse fragments; weak structure; no segregations; moist weak; clear to;

B21 0.15 to 0.45 Light brownish grey (2.5Y6/2) moist; common 10-20% fine <5mm distinct dark mottles; silty light medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong lenticular structure; no segregations;

B22 0.45 to 0.90 Light brownish grey (2.5Y6/2) moist; no mottles; silty light medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong lenticular structure; no segregations;

B23 0.90 to 1.40 Light yellowish brown (2.5Y6/4) moist; common 10-20% fine <5mm distinct pale mottles; silty light medium clay; no coarse fragments; massive structure; very few <2% medium 2-6mm calcareous nodule;

Site 1010 Tot N

C/N

NO3-N Bicarb-ext. Acid-ext. Extrac. HCl-extrac DTPA-extrac. elements (mg/kg) Depth(m) Org. C % ratio mg/kg P (mg/kg) P (mg/kg) SO4-S mg/kg K (meq/100g) Fe Mn Cu Zn

0-.10 2.03 0.21 1 37 140 7.4 1.1 29 14 2.8 3.6

Site 1010 1:5 soil/water Particle size % Exchangeable cations+ Total elements % Moisture % Disp.

dS/m % @105oC Meq/100g % @ 65oC @ 105oC ratio Depth(m) pH EC Cl CS FS Z C CEC Ca Mg Na K ESP P K S ADM 1500 R1

0-.10 7.6 0.154 0.002 IS IS IS IS 36 24 9.8 0.43 1.10 1 0.057 1.15 0.026 5.4 20 IS .20-.30 8.7 0.182 0.002 3 12 21 60 37 21 11 2.20 0.32 6 0.035 1.09 0.012 5.6 21 0.72 .50-.60 9.0 0.440 0.033 1 9 19 67 34 15 15 6.00 0.25 17 0.024 1.26 0.012 5.9 22 0.92 .80-.90 8.6 0.411 0.042 < 1 8 22 71 32 12 15 7.60 0.26 22 0.029 1.55 0.012 5.5 22 IS

1.10-1.20 8.3 0.382 0.039 < 1 18 30 49 33 10 15 8.10 0.22 24 0.046 2.56 0.010 5.1 20 0.87

Soil Name: Rd – Reynold Location: 456637 mE 6884107 mN ZONE 56 Site: 419

Geology: Jw - Shale, coal, siltstone, sandstone of Slope: 6 %

Walloon Coal Measures Permeability: slowly permeable

Relief/Modal slope: undulating rises Surface Coarse Fragments: no coarse fragments

Runoff: very slow Disturbance: complete clearing - pasture - but never cultivated


ASC: Grey, DERMOSOL PPF: Gn3.34

Tallest Stratum: Tree, 6.01-12m, isolated plants Species: Eucalyptus crebra (narrow-leaved ironbark)

Lower Stratum: Tussock grass Species: Sporobolus diandrus

Horizon Depth (m) Description A1 0.00 to 0.10 Very dark greyish brown (10YR3/2) moist; no mottles; light clay; no coarse fragments; weak structure; no segregations; moderately moist weak; clear to; A2e 0.10 to 0.20 Dark grey (10YR4/1) moist; light grey (10YR7/1) dry; no mottles; light clay; no coarse fragments; massive structure; no segregations; B21 0.20 to 0.90 Dark greyish brown (10YR4/2) moist; no mottles; medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong lenticular structure; no segregations; clear to; B22 0.90 to 1.60 Dark greyish brown (10YR4/2) moist; no mottles; medium clay; few 2-10% angular small sandstone pebbles 2-6mm; strong angular blocky structure; no segregations; B23 1.60 to 1.65 Dark grey (10YR4/1) moist; common 10-20% medium 5-15mm distinct orange mottles; silty light medium clay; common 10-20% angular medium sandstone pebbles 6-20mm; massive structure; no segregations;


C/N

NO3-N Bicarb-ext. Acid-ext. Extrac. HCl-extrac DTPA-extrac. elements (mg/kg)

Depth(m) % % ratio mg/kg P (mg/kg) P (mg/kg) SO4-S mg/kg K (meq/100g) Fe Mn Cu Zn 0-.10 0.18 < 0.65

Site 419 1:5 soil/water Particle size % Exchangeable cations+ Total elements % Moisture % Disp. Exch Exch


0-.10 4.9 0.12 0.011 19 29 23 23 1.60 2.9 0.6 1.20 10 0.025 1.470 0.028 1.56 10 0.58 1.3 1.5 8 .20-.30 5.3 0.1 0.012 12 20 18 50 0.23 11.0 2.7 0.65 19 0.012 1.030 0.012 3.31 18 0.8 3.9 4.2 19 .50-.60 4.9 0.3 0.040 10 16 15 57 0.08 13.0 5.3 0.28 28 0.009 0.905 0.011 4.04 22 0.96 3.9 4.3 23 .80-.90 4.6 0.31 0.043 10 21 15 53 < 0.03 13.0 5.6 0.28 30 0.007 1.050 0.010 3.61 22 0.95 3.7 4.2 23

1.10-1.20 4.5 0.33 0.042 9 18 15 56 0.05 13.0 5.8 0.29 30 0.008 0.984 0.012 3.57 23 0.93 3.8 4.4 24 1.40-1.50 4.5 0.34 0.038 11 22 15 49 < 0.03 12.0 5.2 0.31 30 0.008 1.120 0.044 3.14 20 0.93 3.7 4.2 22

124

Soil Name: Rv3 - Rockville phase 3 Location: 465860 mE 6902437 mN ZONE 56 Site:319



Runoff: moderately rapid Permeability: slowly permeable





Horizon Depth (m) Description A 0.00 to 0.15 Very dark grey (10YR3/1) moist; no mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong angular blocky structure; no segregations; dry firm; gradual to;

B21 0.15 to 0.40 Very dark greyish brown (10YR3/2) moist; no mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong angular blocky structure; no segregations;

B22 0.40 to 0.75 Greyish brown (2.5Y5/3) moist; no mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong lenticular structure; few 2-10% medium 2-6mm calcareous nodules;

B23 0.75 to 0.90 Light yellowish brown (2.5Y6/4) moist; no mottles; silty light medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong angular blocky structure; few 2-10% medium 2-6mm calcareous nodules;

C 0.90 to 1.53 weathered shale


C/N


0-.10 6.45 0.6 11 < 0.65 33 53 16 1.1 85 44 2.4 16


Depth(m) pH EC Cl CS FS Z C CEC Ca Mg Na K ESP P K S ADM 1500 R1 pH 0-.10 6.4 0.090 0.004 IS IS IS IS 56 23 13 0.7 1.30 2 0.107 0.639 0.072 7.83 29 IS IS

.20-.30 7.8 0.080 0.003 7 11 14 67 61 31 20 2.4 0.24 4 0.036 0.377 0.023 9.56 30 0.61 6.7

.50-.60 9.0 0.333 0.016 3 11 17 64 55 21 29 6.7 0.09 12 0.022 0.545 0.013 8.82 29 IS IS

.80-.90 8.8 0.398 0.034 < 1 7 26 62 50 14 25 9.4 0.09 19 0.023 0.825 0.009 7.65 26 IS IS

Soil Name: Rv2 - Rockville phase 2 Location: 466329 mE 6881439 mN ZONE 56 Site: 412








Horizon Depth (m) Description A1 0.00 to 0.10 Very dark grey (10YR3/1) moist; no mottles; light clay; very few <2% subangular medium 6-20mm pebbles; weak structure; no segregations; moderately moist weak; clear to;

B21 0.10 to 0.30 Dark greyish brown (2.5Y4/2) moist; no mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong angular blocky structure; no segregations;

B22 0.30 to 0.60 Dark grey (2.5Y4/1) moist; no mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong angular blocky structure; no segregations; Note: hit rock boulder at 0.6 m


C/N


0-.10 3.09 0.34 9 < 0.65 51 34 9.8 1 135 48 2.2 11


Depth(m) pH EC Cl CS FS Z C CEC Ca Mg Na K ESP P K S ADM 1500 R1 Al acid ECEC 0-.10 6.4 0.06 0.001 8 24 25 40 9.7 8.2 0.6 1.30 3 0.082 0.817 0.034 2.88 20 IS 0.02 0.10 20

.20-.30 6.8 0.09 0.003 4 17 18 60 13 17 1.7 0.69 5 0.040 0.848 0.015 3.98 23 0.75 0.01 0.35 33

.50-.60 6.4 0.281 0.030 3 11 19 64 9 23 3.9 0.55 11 0.033 0.892 0.016 4.86 25 IS 0.00 0.14 36

125

Soil Name: Rv3 - Rockville phase 3 Location: 471041 mE 6885110 mN ZONE 56 Site: 416






ASC: Grey, DERMOSOL PPF: Gn3.96


Horizon Depth (m) Description A1 0.00 to 0.10 Black (10YR2/1) moist; no mottles; silty clay loam; no coarse fragments; moderate angular blocky structure; no segregations; dry weak; clear to;

A2 0.10 to 0.14 Very dark greyish brown (10YR3/2) moist; grey (10YR6/1) dry; no mottles; silty clay loam; no coarse fragments; moderate angular blocky structure; no segregations;

B21 0.14 to 0.65 Dark grey (10YR4/1) moist; no mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong lenticular structure; no segregations; clear to;

B22 0.65 to 0.90 Dark greyish brown (2.5Y4/3) moist; no mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; moderate angular blocky structure; no segregations;

C1 0.90 to 1.30 Dark greyish brown (2.5Y4/3) moist; no mottles; silty light clay; many 20-50% angular medium 6-20mm siltstone pebbles; massive structure; no segregations;

C2 1.30 to 1.60 Brownish yellow (10YR6/6) moist; common 10-20% fine <5mm distinct orange mottles; silty light clay; many 20-50% angular medium 6-20mm siltstone pebbles; massive structure; no segregations;

Site 416 Org. C Tot N C/N

NO3-N Bicarb-ext. Acid-ext. Extrac. HCl-extrac DTPA-extrac. elements (mg/kg)

Depth(m) % % ratio mg/kg

P (mg/kg) P (mg/kg) SO4-S mg/kg K (meq/100g) Fe Mn Cu Zn 0-.10 1

Site 416 1:5 soil/water Particle size % Exchangeable cations+ Total elements % Moisture % Disp. Exch Exch


0-.10 6.0 0.08 0.010 19 42 22 16 4.6 3 0.5 1.40 5 0.064 0.262 0.032 1.52 9.5 0.56 9 .20-.30 6.4 0.21 0.022 15 29 16 40 4.7 12 1.9 0.74 10 0.025 0.199 0.019 2.72 17 0.74 19 .50-.60 7.2 0.59 0.083 13 26 16 44 5.7 17 5.0 0.27 18 0.021 0.283 0.019 3.32 19 0.94 28 .80-.90 7.5 0.73 0.111 8 31 23 40 7.5 22 7.8 0.06 21 0.015 0.583 0.011 4.69 22 0.93 37

1.10-1.20 7.5 0.59 0.085 10 43 28 20 10.0 27 9.8 0.05 21 0.021 0.946 0.011 5.37 21 0.89 47 1.40-1.50 7.0 0.38 0.053 8 59 20 13 9.2 24 7.8 0.05 19 0.030 1.190 0.009 4.67 17 0.83 41

Soil Name: Rv - Rockville Location: 472802 mE 6916887 mN ZONE 56 Site: 435







Lower Stratum: Tussock grass Species: Bothriochloa decipiens (pitted bluegrass); Xanthium pungens (Noogoora burr)

Horizon Depth (m) Description A 0.00 to 0.15 Very dark grey (10YR3/1) moist; no mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; moderate angular blocky structure; no segregations; dry very firm;

B21 0.15 to 0.45 Black (10YR2/1) moist; no mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong angular blocky structure; no segregations;

B22 0.45 to 0.90 Dark greyish brown (2.5Y4/2) moist; no mottles; light clay; no coarse fragments; moderate lenticular structure; no segregations;

B3 0.90 to 1.40 Very pale brown (10YR7/4) moist; no mottles; no coarse fragments; massive structure; no segregations;


C/N


0-.10 2.73 0.22 12 2 12 23 9.6 0.9 29 17 1.2 2.6

Site 435 1:5 soil/water Particle size % Exchangeable cations# Total elements % Moisture % Disp. CaCl2 dS/m % @105oC Meq/100g % @ 65oC @ 105oC ratio

Depth(m) pH EC Cl CS FS Z C CEC Ca Mg Na K ESP P K S ADM 1500 R1 pH 0-.10 6.8 0.080 0.001 IS IS IS IS IS IS IS IS IS 2 0.033 0.633 0.031 6.20 IS IS IS

.20-.30 7.9 0.070 0.002 7 7 14 67 62 45 13 1.0 0.35 2 0.018 0.383 0.015 8.73 32 0.53 IS

.50-.60 8.5 0.121 0.006 5 8 11 72 66 41 17 3.3 0.16 5 0.011 0.327 0.008 9.56 33 0.66 IS

.80-.90 8.8 0.273 0.012 8 9 15 66 62 35 20 4.5 0.09 8 0.008 0.297 0.011 8.72 31 0.66 IS 1.10-1.20 9.2 0.253 0.008 6 4 17 67 59 33 21 5.7 0.02 10 0.006 0.611 BQ 9.72 28 0.60 7.9

126

Soil Name: Tl - Toohill Location: 466773 mE 6885909 mN ZONE 56 Site: 380







Horizon Depth (m) Description A1 0.00 to 0.15 Dark grey (10YR4/1) moist; no mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong angular blocky structure; no segregations; dry firm; gradual to;

B21 0.15 to 0.70 Greyish brown (10YR5/2) moist; no mottles; medium clay; no coarse fragments; moderate lenticular structure; no segregations;

B22 0.70 to 1.30 Dark greyish brown (10YR4/2) moist; no mottles; medium clay; no coarse fragments; moderate lenticular structure; no segregations;

B3 1.30 to 1.55 Dark greyish brown (10YR4/2) moist; no mottles; light medium clay; abundant 50-90% siltstone; massive structure; no segregations;


C/N


0-.10 2.67 0.2 13 1 14 14 12 0.8 70 34 0.6 1.1

Site 380 1:5 soil/water Particle size % Exchangeable cations+ Total elements % Moisture % Disp Exch Exch dS/m % @ 105o C meq/100g % @ 65o C @ 105o C ratio meq/100g @ 105C

Depth pH EC Cl CS FS Z C Ca Mg Na K ESP P K S ADM 1500 R1 Al acid ECEC 0-.10 5.9 0.060 .002 IS IS IS IS 7.1 12 1.1 1.00 5 0.037 0.22 0.023 4.16 18 IS 0.4 0.6 22

.20-.30 5.7 0.060 .004 2 19 20 60 4.7 13 2.4 0.36 10 0.026 0.16 0.009 4.81 19 0.81 4.6 5.4 26

.50-.60 4.9 0.323 .046 < 1 8 13 75 4.2 20 5.8 0.34 16 0.024 0.12 0.009 7.03 22 0.65 6.6 7.8 38

.80-.90 4.7 0.544 .081 < 1 6 11 79 4.0 26 9.5 0.25 20 0.024 0.11 0.008 10.3 20 IS 7.7 9.2 49 1.10-1.20 4.6 0.572 .083 < 1 5 12 79 3.8 28 10.0 0.25 20 0.034 0.11 0.011 10.9 18 IS 8.6 10.3 52 1.40-1.50 4.6 0.559 .083

Soil Name: Wg3 – Wyaralong phase 3 Location: 483445 mE 6911490 mN ZONE 56 Site: 578

Geology: RJbw – Woogaroo Subgroup: quartzose sandstone, siltstone, shale, conglomerate, coal


Runoff: moderately rapid Permeability: slowly permeable Drainage: moderately well drained Surface Condition: hard setting


ASC: Grey, KUROSOL PPF: Dy3.41


Horizon Depth (m) Description A1 0.00 to 0.15 Dark greyish brown (10YR4/2) moist; no mottles; loamy fine sand; no coarse fragments; massive structure; no segregations; dry very weak;

A2e 0.15 to 0.50 Light yellowish brown (10YR6/4) moist; light grey (10YR72) dry; no mottles; loamy fine sand; no coarse fragments; massive structure; no segregations;

B 0.50 to 0.80 Greyish brown (2.5Y5/2) moist; many 20-50% medium 5-15mm distinct red mottles; fine sandy light clay; no coarse fragments; massive structure; no segregations;


C/N


0-.10 1.17 0.07 4 9 15 4.7 0.2 61 20 0.2 1.6

Site 578 1:5 soil/water Particle size % Exchangeable cations+ Total elements % Moisture % Disp. meq/100g CaCl2 dS/m % @105oC Meq/100g % @ 65oC @ 105oC ratio @105oC

Depth(m) pH EC Cl CS FS Z C CEC Ca Mg Na K ESP P K S ADM 1500 R1 ECEC pH 0-.10 6.0 0.04 0.001 0.5 44 43 6 5 1.70 0.80 < 0.01 0.28 <1 0.020 0.392 0.011 0.5 3 0.40 3 5.1

.20-.30 5.9 0.02 0.001 0.4 41 49 5 4 0.72 0.45 < 0.01 0.10 <1 0.007 0.399 < 0.005 <0.4 1 0.92 1 4.8

.50-.60 5.8 0.05 0.006 2.3 30 25 4 38 1.40 6.90 1.00 0.26 10 0.007 1.242 < 0.005 2.27 14 0.87 10 4.4

127

Soil Name: Wt - Waters Location: 449113 mE 6887563 mN ZONE 56 Site: 423 Geology: Jw - Shale, coal, siltstone, sandstone of Walloon Coal Measures





ASC: Brown, SODOSOL PPF: Db2.33

Tallest Stratum: Tree, 6.01-12m, isolated clumps Species: Eucalyptus crebra (narrow-leaved ironbark)


Horizon Depth (m) Description A1 0.00 to 0.06 Very dark grey (10YR3/1) moist; no mottles; silty clay loam; no coarse fragments; weak structure; no segregations; moderately moist very weak; clear to;

A2j 0.06 to 0.20 Dark greyish brown (10YR4/2) moist; light grey (10YR71) dry; no mottles; silty clay loam; no coarse fragments; weak structure; no segregations; clear to;

B21 0.20 to 0.40 Brown (7.5YR4/4) moist; common 10-20% fine <5mm distinct dark mottles; medium clay; no coarse fragments; moderate lenticular structure; no segregations;

B22 0.40 to 0.90 Olive brown (2.5Y4/4) moist; no mottles; medium clay; no coarse fragments; moderate lenticular structure; no segregations;

B23 0.90 to 1.25 Olive brown (2.5Y4/4) moist; no mottles; medium clay; very few <2% large 20-60mm

shale pebbles; moderate lenticular structure; no segregations;

B3 1.25 to 1.70 Light olive brown (2.5Y5/4) moist; no mottles; light medium clay; common 10-20% large 20-60mm

shale pebbles; moderate lenticular structure; no segregations;


C/N


0-.10 0.17 < 0.65


Depth(m) pH EC Cl CS FS Z C CEC Ca Mg Na K ESP P K S ADM 1500 R1 Al acid ECEC 0-.10 5.4 0.04 0.004 14 32 18 29 3.7 7.2 0.11 0.29 1 0.061 0.481 0.039 2.5 15 0.43 0.17 0.23 12

.20-.30 6.9 0.16 0.019 7 27 19 46 1.3 15.0 2.7 0.14 14 0.027 0.447 0.018 2.8 17 0.84 19

.50-.60 8.1 0.56 0.072 5 20 19 57 1.0 22.0 6.3 0.20 21 0.020 0.478 0.024 3.7 21 0.91 30

.80-.90 8.8 0.93 0.114 4 16 12 64 4.5 31.0 8.4 0.31 19 0.016 0.507 0.022 5.1 26 0.94 44 1.10-1.20 9.0 0.80 0.080 4 15 16 61 6.2 32.0 7.6 0.37 17 0.019 0.479 0.020 4.1 24 0.92 46 1.40-1.50 9.2 0.63 0.059 5 21 19 54 5.9 31.0 6.8 0.43 15 0.026 0.471 0.028 3.8 24 0.97 44

Soil Name: Wt - Waters Location: 452844 mE 6905904 mN ZONE 56 Site: 854






ASC: Grey, KUROSOL; Grey SODOSOL PPF: Dy2.41

Horizon Depth (m) Description A1 0.00 to 0.10 Very dark greyish brown (10YR3/2) moist; no mottles; fine sandy loam; no coarse fragments; massive structure; no segregations; dry weak; clear to;

A2e 0.10 to 0.28 Greyish brown (10YR5/2) moist; light grey (10YR7/1) dry; no mottles; fine sandy loam; no coarse fragments; massive structure; no segregations; clear to;

B2 0.28 to 0.90 Pale brown (10YR6/3) moist; no mottles; silty light medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong lenticular structure; no segregations;

B3 0.90 to 1.50 Brownish yellow (10YR6/6) moist; common 10-20% medium 5-15mm distinct pale mottles; fine sandy light medium clay; no coarse fragments; massive structure; no segregations;


C/N


0-.10 2.42 0.18 13 <1 11 10 7.8 0.5 188 19 0.36 1.6


Depth(m) pH EC Cl CS FS Z C CEC Ca Mg Na K ESP P K S ADM 1500 R1 Al acid ECEC 0-.10 5.6 0.050 .002 33 41 14 11 2.00 1.4 0.13 0.64 3 0.023 0.218 0.017 1.02 6 0.46 0.17 0.34 5

.20-.30 5.6 0.060 .004 14 23 11 53 1.30 8.2 2.10 0.22 11 0.012 0.190 0.005 3.15 17 0.65 6.93 8.00 20

.50-.60 5.2 0.277 .042 11 23 14 51 0.60 9.5 4.90 0.20 21 0.009 0.241 0.002 3.66 18 0.89 8.48 9.93 25

.80-.90 5.1 0.354 .055 12 39 15 32 0.71 9.4 6.30 0.22 27 0.012 0.612 0.003 3.20 15 0.77 6.62 7.78 24 1.10-1.20 5.1 0.348 .054 17 33 20 29 0.90 8.4 6.00 0.18 28 0.023 0.563 0.004 2.77 12 0.70 5.65 6.68 22 1.40-1.50 5.2 0.311 .048

128

Soil Name: Cw - Charlwood Location: 459656 mE 6901930 mN ZONE 56 Site: 822

Geology: Tir - Rhyolite

Relief/Modal slope: gently undulating rises Slope: 2 %


Drainage: well drained Surface Condition: not known, historical data


ASC: Red, DERMOSOL PPF: Gn3.12

Horizon Depth (m) Description Ap 0.00 to 0.20 Dark brown (7.5YR3/3) moist; no mottles; silty clay loam; no coarse fragments; moderate angular blocky structure; no segregations; moderately moist very weak; gradual to;

B21 0.20 to 0.50 Reddish brown (5YR4/4) moist; no mottles; silty light clay; no coarse fragments; moderate angular blocky structure; no segregations;

B22 0.50 to 1.50 Reddish brown (2.5YR4/3) moist; no mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; massive structure; common 10-20% fine <2mm manganiferous concretion;


C/N


0-.10 3.75 0.25 2 64 66 38 1.2 26 290 2.5 18


Depth(m) pH EC Cl CS FS Z C CEC Ca Mg Na K ESP P K S ADM 1500 R1 Al acid ECEC 0-.10 6.5 0.10 0.004 6 23 36 30 6.1 2.50 0.33 1.4 3 0.07 0.400 0.049 2.7 15 0.56 0.02 0.15 11

.20-.30 5.9 0.07 0.004 11 23 33 33 3.5 1.40 0.35 0.23 6 0.04 0.319 0.030 2.3 13 0.47 0.03 0.18 6

.50-.60 5.0 0.08 0.007 3 20 29 47 2.8 0.68 0.44 0.19 7 0.03 0.332 0.034 2.3 15 < 0.1 1.18 1.47 6

.80-.90 4.6 0.06 0.005 2 23 26 50 1.2 0.36 0.32 0.23 6 0.02 0.304 0.039 1.9 16 < 0.1 2.94 3.37 5 1.10-1.20 4.2 0.13 0.014 2 24 27 49 0.7 0.35 0.5 0.20 8 0.02 0.281 0.042 1.8 16 < 0.1 3.31 3.86 6 1.40-1.50 4.0 0.12 0.013

Soil Name: Ch - Churchbank Location: 463123 mE 6917848 mN ZONE 56 Site: 16

Geology: Tit - Trachyte

Landform Pattern: rises Element: hill slope


Runoff: moderately rapid Permeability: highly permeable Drainage: well drained Surface Condition: firm


ASC: Red, DERMOSOL PPF: Uf6.31

Horizon Depth (m) Description Ap 0.00 to 0.30 Dark brown (10YR3/3) moist; no mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; weak structure; no segregations; moderately moist very weak; clear to;

B21 0.30 to 0.60 Reddish brown (5YR4/4) moist; no mottles; medium clay; few 2-10% angular igneous rock(unidentified) large 20-60mm pebbles; moderate angular blocky structure; few 2-10% medium 2-6mm manganiferous concretion;

B22 0.60 to 1.65 Yellowish brown (10YR5/4) moist; no mottles; medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong lenticular structure; very few <2% medium 2-6mm calcareous nodule;

Site 16 DTPA-extrac. Org. C Tot N C/N NO3-N Bicarb.ext. Acid ext. Extrac. HCl-extrac. Elements (mg/kg)

Depth (m) % % ratio Mg/kg P (mg/kg) P (mg/kg) SO4-S(mg/kg) K (meq/100g) Fe Mn Cu Zn 0-0.1 1.04 0.11 9 2 29 35 15 0.4 58 48 0.72 1.2

Site 16 1:5 soil/water Particle size % Exchangeable cations ESP total elements % Moisture % Disp

dS/m % 1050 C meq/100g % @65o C @1050 C ratio Depth (m) pH EC Cl CS FS Z C CEC Ca Mg Na K P K S ADM 1500 R1

0-.10 6.1 0.040 0.008 9 55 < 1 37 14 3.7 3.4 0.27 0.53 3 0.071 3.16 0.014 1.75 9.8 0.70 .20-.30 6.9 0.090 0.045 10 54 2 38 14 3.8 4.4 1.60 0.13 16 0.053 3.03 0.011 1.94 11 0.80 .50-.60 8.9 0.283 0.159 10 45 19 30 19 5.1 8.7 6.10 0.17 30 0.053 2.64 0.013 2.92 18 0.90 .80-.90 9.4 0.610 0.187 12 35 18 34 31 6.5 13 13.0 0.28 40 0.07 2.21 0.012 4.66 23 0.99

1.10-1.20 9.2 0.580 0.284 8 33 14 46 28 7.3 12 12.0 0.37 39 0.058 1.92 0.008 4.59 24 0.98 1.40-1.50 8.8 0.467 0.374 4 33 13 50 30 7.6 13 13.0 0.30 38 0.083 1.92 0.006 4.51 24 0.98

129

Soil Name: Ch3 - Churchbank phase 3 Location: 452339 mE 6897520 mN ZONE 56 Site: 501

Geology: Tit - Trachyte


Runoff: moderately rapid Permeability: moderately permeable



ASC: Red, DERMOSOL PPF: Uf6.34

Lower Stratum: Tussock grass Species: Heteropogon contortus (black speargrass); Imperata cylindrica (blady grass)

Horizon Depth (m) Description A1 0.00 to 0.05 Very dark greyish brown (10YR3/2) moist; no mottles; silty light clay; no coarse fragments; weak structure; no segregations; moist very weak; clear to;

B21 0.05 to 0.30 Yellowish red (5YR5/6) moist; no mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; moderate angular blocky structure; no segregations;

B22 0.30 to 0.60 Yellow (2.5Y7/6) moist; no mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; moderate angular blocky structure; no segregations;

B3 0.60 to 0.75 Yellow (2.5Y7/6) moist; common 10-20% fine <5mm distinct dark mottles; light medium clay; common 10-20% angular medium 6-20mm trachyte pebbles; massive structure; no segregations;

Site Org. C Tot N

C/N


0-.10 4



.20-.30 6.1 0.06 0.005 5 17 15 63 17 10.0 1.5 0.44 5 0.025 0.752 0.020 3.5 20 0.63 29

.50-.60 7.6 0.21 0.020 3 7 28 60 23 14.0 3.5 0.24 9 0.044 0.819 0.026 4.0 20 0.63 41

Soil Name: Ch - Churchbank Location: 463958 mE 6904516 mN ZONE 56 Site: 772

Geology: Tir - Rhyolite



Drainage: well drained Surface Coarse Fragments: very few <2%, large pebbles 20-60mm

Surface Condition: hard setting Disturbance: complete clearing - pasture - cultivation at some stage

ASC: Red, DERMOSOL PPF: Gn3.11

Horizon Depth (m) Description Ap 0.00 to 0.20 Dark reddish brown (5YR3/3) moist; no mottles; clay loam; no coarse fragments; massive structure; no segregations; dry weak; clear to;

B21 0.20 to 0.90 Dark reddish brown (2.5YR3/4) moist; no mottles; light clay; no coarse fragments; moderate angular blocky structure; no segregations;

B22 0.90 to 1.60 Reddish brown (2.5YR4/4) moist; no mottles; light clay; no coarse fragments; moderate angular blocky structure; no segregations;


C/N


0-.10 1.5 0.17 34 < 1 4 32 IS


Depth(m) pH EC Cl CS FS Z C

CEC Ca Mg Na K ESP P K S ADM 1500 R1 Al acid ECEC

0-.10 6.0 0.15 0.003 IS IS IS IS 4.5 1.6 0.15 2.2 2 0.055 0.451 0.027 2.2 12 IS 0.03 0.06 8 .20-.30 5.9 0.06 <0.001 4 24 32 43 4.9 1.6 0.14 0.53 2 0.037 0.348 0.017 2.2 12 IS 0.02 0.13 7 .50-.60 6.5 0.02 <0.001 1 20 30 49 5.5 1.0 0.09 0.16 1 0.030 0.303 0.009 1.9 14 0.50 0.03 0.16 7 .80-.90 6.3 0.03 <0.001 < 1 21 29 50 5.0 1.1 0.06 0.13 1 0.028 0.279 0.008 1.9 14 0.45 0.01 0.14 6

1.10-1.20 4.4 0.05 <0.001 < 1 25 29 50 1.6 0.6 0.04 0.14 1 0.029 0.276 0.023 1.8 14 0.27 2.12 2.55 5 1.40-1.50 4.2 0.07 <0.001

130

Soil Name: Dr3 - Deer phase 3 Location: 464584 mE 6915545 mN ZONE 56 Site: 428

Geology: Tis - Syenite





Lower Stratum: Tussock grass Species: Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass); Sporobolus diandrus

Horizon Depth (m) Description A 0.00 to 0.10 Very dark brown (7.5YR2/2) moist; no mottles; silty light clay; no coarse fragments; massive structure; no segregations; dry firm; gradual to;

B21 0.10 to 0.47 Brown (10YR4/3) moist; common 10-20% medium 5-15mm distinct orange mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong angular blocky structure; no segregations;

B22 0.47 to 0.82 Yellowish brown (10YR5/4) moist; no mottles; light clay; no coarse fragments; strong angular blocky structure; no segregations;


C/N


0-.10 1.99 0.18 11 1 20 25 8.7 0.7 145 9 0.56 1.8


Depth(m) pH EC Cl CS FS Z C CEC Ca Mg Na K ESP P K S ADM 1500 R1 pH 0-.10 6.3 0.060 0.001 12 47 20 22 15 3.1 4.2 0.45 0.77 5 0.05 1.50 0.021 2.2 10 1.15 5.2

.20-.30 7.9 0.186 0.015 8 43 12 37 18 4.0 9.5 2.8 0.21 17 0.02 1.39 0.012 3.2 14 0.97 6.7

.50-.60 9.2 0.613 0.055 6 48 14 31 16 2.8 11 4.5 0.3 24 0.03 1.45 0.035 3.0 13 0.97 7.9

Soil Name: Jn - Jimna Location: 467908 mE 6916194 mN ZONE 56 Site: 432

Geology: Tis - Syenite



Drainage: well drained Surface Condition: periodic cracking


ASC: Brown, VERTOSOL PPF: Ug5.35

Tallest Stratum: Tree, 12.01-20m, isolated clumps Species: Eucalyptus tereticornis (blue gum, forest red gum); Eucalyptus crebra (narrow-leaved ironbark) Lower Stratum: Tussock grass Species: Bothriochloa decipiens (pitted bluegrass); Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass)

Horizon Depth (m) Description A1 0.00 to 0.15 Very dark grey (10YR3/1) moist; no mottles; light clay; very few <2% subangular medium 6-20mm pebbles; moderate angular blocky structure; no segregations; dry firm; clear to;

B21 0.15 to 0.35 Dark brown (7.5YR3/3) moist; common 10-20% fine <5mm distinct dark mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong angular blocky structure; no segregations;

B22 0.35 to 0.70 Very dark greyish brown (2.5Y3/2) moist; no mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong lenticular structure; no segregations;

B23 0.70 to 1.25 Dark greyish brown (2.5Y4/2) moist; no mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong lenticular structure; few 2-10% medium 2-6mm calcareous nodules;

2B24 1.25 to 1.55 Dark yellowish brown (10YR4/4) moist; no mottles; light medium clay; no coarse fragments; strong lenticular structure; common 10-20% medium 2-6mm calcareous nodule;


C/N


0-.10 < 0.65



.20-.30 6.4 0.06 0.002 5 26 21 46 17 9.8 0.78 0.27 3 0.039 0.465 0.025 3.20 17 0.58 28

.50-.60 7.4 0.31 0.036 5 19 14 61 25 18.0 3.0 0.31 6 0.028 0.428 0.022 4.63 22 0.53 46

.80-.90 8.1 0.99 0.130 5 19 14 61 IS IS IS IS - 0.030 0.479 0.014 4.71 IS 0.53 IS 1.10-1.20 7.9 1.3 0.182 4 22 13 61 24 21.0 6.2 0.28 12 0.040 0.499 0.013 4.66 22 0.53 51 1.40-1.50 8.2 1.04 0.134 10 28 12 48 31 22.0 6.0 0.23 10 0.096 0.615 0.011 4.61 21 0.54 59

131

Appendix 3.

Land suitability classification for selected crops

Land suitability classification for selected crops This classification summarises land use limitations and describes the effects of each limitation on: • plant growth, machinery use and land degradation • how the soil and land attributes are assessed and • how the limitation subclasses are determined

Climate − frosts and/or excess temperatures (c)

Effect Frosts and excess temperatures may suppress growth, reduce yield and kill plants. Assessment The incidence and severity of frosts and heat waves are used to assess affected areas. Limitation class determination Detailed analysis of the temperatures, crop tolerance and local experience of the incidence and severity of frosts and heat waves in the area. Crop tolerance changes with development phase eg. wheat and barley plants are tolerant of moderate frosts but light frost at flowering can significantly reduce yields.

Attribute level Frost and heatwave limitation subclasses for selected crops grain sorghum,

barley, navy bean, carrot

Rhodes grass, paspalum, Lucerne, soybean

mango, avocado

citrus, grape, beetroot

cucurbits, brassica

beans

c0 - no frosts &/or temp <35oC

1 1 1 1 1 1

c1 - light frosts (-1oC) &/or 35–40oC

1 1 3 1 1 5

c2 - moderate frosts (-1 to -3oC)&/or 40–45oC

1 2 4 2 1 5

c3 - severe frosts (-3 to -5oC) &/or >45oC

1 3 5 4 3 5

Note: seasonal adaptation is not considered, for example, summer crops are not grown in winter. Although frosts seriously affect winter crops such as potatoes, planting can usually be timed to avoid the stages when plants are most susceptible to frost.

132

Water erosion (e)

Effect Land degradation and long-term productivity decline will occur on unprotected arable land because of excessive soil erosion, which removes plant nutrients and organic matter. As erosion increases, soil depth decreases and cultivation becomes more difficult. Assessment Soil loss for a particular crop will depend on soil erodibility, the amount and intensity of rainfall, infiltration rate, land slope and surface management system. For each soil type there is a maximum slope above which soil loss cannot be reduced to acceptable levels by erosion control measures. Sodic duplex soils (Sodosols) are already more unstable than other soils. Limitation class determination Slope limits are determined in consultation with soil conservation and research personnel, research and extension agronomists, farmers and the use of computer models. The implications of the limitation class for simple slopes1 are:

e1 Surveyed row direction only required e2 Conventional structures, surface management practices2 and pastures phase e3 e2 measures with a predominance of pasture phase e4 Predominance of pasture phase with occasional cropping e5 Non-arable land

Attribute level Slope % Erosion limitation subclasses for selected crops barley, grain

sorghum, navy bean, Lucerne, soybean

citrus, mango, avocado, grape

carrot, beetroot, bean, brassica,

cucurbits

paspalum, Rhodes grass

deep, well structured, uniform-textured clay soils e1a <2% 1 1 1 1 e2a 2–5% 2 1 3 1 e3a 5–8% 3 1 4 2 e4a 8–12% 4 2 4 2 e5a 12–15% 4 2 5 3 e6a 15–20% 5 3 5 3 e7a 20–30% 5 4 5 4 e8a >30% 5 5 5 5 coarse-, medium-textured soils; gradational textured and non-sodic texture contrast3 soils e1b <2% 2 1 2 1 e2b 2–5% 3 1 3 2 e3b 5–8% 4 2 4 2 e4b 8–12% 4 3 5 3 e5b 12–15% 5 3 5 3 e6b 15–20% 5 4 5 4 e7b >20% 5 5 5 5 sodic texture contrast soils e1c <1% 1 1 2 1 e2c 1–3% 2 1 3 1 e3c 3–5% 3 2 4 2 e4c 5–8% 4 3 5 3 e5c 8–12% 5 4 5 4 e6c >12% 5 5 5 5

1 Simple slopes - slopes with a constant fall and direction. Complex slopes with variable fall and direction are not suitable for conventional erosion control structures - a topographic (T) limitation has been applied to land with complex slopes. 2 Surface management practices. A range of options aimed at minimum soil disturbance combined with retention of harvest residue material as a surface cover. 3 Texture contrast as defined in Isbell 1996.

133

Flooding (f) Effect Yield reduction or plant death caused by anaerobic conditions and/or high water levels and/or silt deposition during inundation, as well as physical removal or damage by flowing water. Flowing water can also cause erosion. Assessment This limitation is only applicable to land adjacent to rivers and creeks. The effect of flooding on individual UMA is difficult to predict. Flooding frequency has been used to distinguish between suitable and unsuitable land in extreme frequency situations only for intolerant crops. The diagnostic land attributes are: flooding frequency and topographic position. Limitation class determination Consultation with landholders. Department of Natural Resources and Mines stream flow records.

Attribute level Flooding limitation subclasses for selected crops* barley, grain

sorghum, soybean citrus, mango, avocado, grape

Rhodes grass, paspalum, navy bean

f0 No Flooding 1 1 1 f1 Flooding frequency

less than 1 in 10 years

2 4 1

f2 Flooding frequency

between 1 in 10 and 1 in 5 years

3 5 1

f3 Flooding frequency

exceeds 1 in 5 years

4 5 2

* For vegetables, flooding is only an issue if growing season coincides with wet season eg. sweet corn and beans

134

Moisture availability (m)

Effect Plant yield will be decreased by periods of water stress. Under dryland cropping, climatic and soil factors are the main determinants of the amount of water available to the crop. Climatic factors include the amount and intensity of rainfall, evaporation and temperature. The soil water storage capacity is influenced by surface condition, texture, structure, soil depth and other impediments to water entry or to plant root development. For irrigated land a low water storage capacity will require more frequent irrigation to obtain optimum fields. Availability of suitable irrigation water is critical for certain crops, eg. most horticultural crops especially vegetables Assessment Soil morphological properties mentioned above together with measured PAWC have been used to assess the amount of water in a soil available to plants over the rooting depth. PAWC is based on predicted values, modelling information, and actual measurements if available. Limitation class determination PAWC classes relate to the frequency of irrigation for irrigation only. m1 … >125mm plant available water per metre m2 …100-125mm plant available water per metre m3 …75-100mm plant available water per metre m4 …50-75mm plant available water per metre m5 …<50mm plant available water per metre Attribute level Moisture limitation subclasses for selected crops* citrus, mango,

avocado barley, grain

sorghum, soybean grape Rhodes grass,

paspalum, navy bean m1 >125mm 1 1 1 1 m2 100–125mm 1 2 2 1 m3 75–100mm 1 3 2 2 m4 50–75mm 2 4 2 2 m5 <50mm 3 4 3 3

* Moisture limitation is not assessed for irrigated vegetables.

135

Nutrient availability − (nr)

Effects A shortage (unavailability) or oversupply (toxicity) of mineral nutrients reduces plant yield, especially during flowering and fruiting. Assessment Based on the need for fertiliser treatment additional to standard application rates and practices. Assessment is determined by the pH of the rooting depth, mainly in the B horizon. pH values less than 5.5 and greater than 8.0 can cause unavailability and toxicities of certain nutrients. For simplicity, other nutrient indicators such as available P, S and K, and cation exchange capacity have not been included. Limitation class determinations Documented data relating high and low pH to nutrient deficiencies and toxicity. Attribute level Nutrient deficiency limitation classes for selected crops

All crops

nr1 pH <4.5 4 nr2 pH 4.5–5.5 3 nr3 pH 5.6–6.5 2 nr4 pH 6.6–7.5 1 nr5 pH 7.6–8.0 2 nr6 pH 8.1–8.5 3 nr7 pH >8.5 4

136

Adverse soil physical condition (p)

Effect Germination and seedling development problems associated with adverse conditions of the surface soil such as hard setting, coarse aggregates and clays with strong consistency. There are difficulties in achieving favourable tilth with machinery on soils with a narrow moisture range. If too wet the soil will smear and if too dry clods will be produced. Harvesting difficulty and quality of subsurface harvest material affected by soil adhesiveness. Assessment Soils with indicative morphological properties are evaluated in the context of local experience or knowledge of plant characteristics; for example; seed size, tuberous roots. Local experience indicates problems associated with certain soils; for example narrow moisture range for working. Limitation class determination Plant tolerance limits and requirements in relation to seed germination and harvesting are matched with soil properties and supported by local experience. Local opinion of the severity of the problem of narrow moisture range is considered. Attribute level Physical condition limitation classes for selected crops barley, grain sorghum, navy

bean, bean, brassica, cucurbits, Lucerne, soybean

citrus* mango*

avocado* grape*

carrot, beetroot

Rhodes grass,

paspalum

p0 No restriction 1 1 1 1 p1 Slightly adhesive

(SCL-LC) 1 1 2 1

p2 Moderately adhesive (LC-LMC)

1 1 3 1

p3 Strongly adhesive (MC-HC)

1 1 4 1

p4 Narrow moisture range (Cracking HC)

3 1 3 1

p5 Hard setting massive soil (LS-SL surface)

3 1 3 3

p6 Hard setting soils with narrow moisture range

4 2 4 3

* Assume artificial drainage system installed, eg. mounding or subsurface drainage

137

Effective soil depth (pd)

Effect Shallow soils limit root proliferation and anchorage. Plants may be uprooted during strong winds. The effect of soil depth on moisture storage is assessed under the “m” limitation. Assessment Effective soil depth is taken as the depth to weathered rock, or other impeding layers including hard pans, impermeable subsoils, high salinity zones and strongly acid subsoils. Effective soil depth of <0.25 m is generally regarded as to shallow for arable crops. Limitation class determination Consultation. Attribute level

Effective soil depth

Rhodes grass, paspalum, Lucerne,

soybean

barley, grain sorghum, navy bean, beans, brassica, cucurbits, carrot,

beetroot

citrus, mango, avocado, grape

pd1 >1 m 1 1 1 pd2 0.75–1 1 1 2 pd3 0.5–0.75 1 2 3 pd4 0.25–0.5 3 4 4 pd5 <0.25 5 5 5

138

Rockiness (r)

Effect Coarse (rock) fragments and rock1 on the surface and in the plough zone interfere with the efficient use of agricultural machinery. Rock in the plough zone also causes excess wear of tillage implements and reduces the plant available water content. Surface rock interferes with the harvesting of soybean, below-ground vegetables and navy beans. Assessment Based on the size, abundance and distribution of coarse fragments in the surface or the plough layer; and with machinery and farmer tolerance of increasing size and content of coarse fragments*. Limitation class determination Consultation, particularly related to farmers’ tolerance (the latter is implicitly related to profitability and technological capability). Attribute level Rockiness limitation classes for selected crops

Amount %

Size

barley, grain sorghum,

navy bean, Lucerne, soybean

citrus, mango,

avocado, grape

beans, cucurbits, brassica

carrot, beetroot

Rhodes grass,

paspalum

r0 1 1 1 1 1 r1p <2% 6-20mm 1 1 1 2 1 r1g ” 20-60mm 1 1 2 5 1 r1c ” 60-200mm 2 1 3 5 1 r1s ” 200 to 600mm 3 2 5 5 1 r1b ” >600mm 4 2 5 5 2 r2p 2-10% 6-20mm 1 1 2 3 1 r2g ” 20-60mm 2 1 3 5 1 r2c ” 60-200mm 3 1 4 5 1 r2s ” 200 to 600mm 4 2 5 5 2 r2b ” >600mm 5 2 5 5 3 r3p 10 to 20% 6-20mm 2 1 3 4 1 r3g ” 20-60mm 3 1 4 5 2 r3c ” 60-200mm 4 2 5 5 2 r3s ” 200 to 600mm 5 2 5 5 3 r3b ” >600mm 5 2 5 5 4 r4p 20 to 50% 6-20mm 3 1 4 5 2 r4g ” 20-60mm 4 1 5 5 3 r4c ” 60-200mm 5 3 5 5 3 r4s ” 200 to 600mm 5 5 5 5 4 r4b ” >600mm 5 5 5 5 5 r5p >50% 6-20mm 5 3 4 5 4 r5g ” 20-60mm 5 4 5 5 5 r5c ” 60-200mm 5 5 5 5 5 r5s ” 200 to 600mm 5 5 5 5 5 r5b ” >600mm 5 5 5 5 5

*Coarse fragments are particles greater than 2 mm and not continuous with underlying bedrock. Rock is defined as being continuous with bedrock.

139

Salinity (sa)

Effect Soluble salts in the soil solution can affect crop growth by reducing the water available to the crop (osmotic effect) and by increasing the concentration of certain ions that have a toxic effect on plant metabolism (specific effect) (FAO 1985). Salinity can be an inherent characteristic of the soil, or the consequence of human activities such as native vegetation clearing and saline irrigation water. Assessment Measurement of EC1:5 of the soils. The highest salinity level within the rooting zone of the soil profile is used to assess its limitation for crops. Limitation class determination Depend on at what depth salinity is present and the tolerance levels of crops. Attribute level

EC1:5 @ clay content (C)

navy bean, beans,

avocado, mango

carrot, citrus, grape

grain sorghum, soybean, paspalum, brassica, cucurbits, Lucerne

barley, Rhodes grass,

beetroot Sa1 <0.07 dS/m @10–20% C <0.09 dS/m @ 20–40% C <0.12 dS/m @ 40–60% C <0.15 dS/m @ 60–80% C

2

1

1

1

Sa2 0.07–0.15 dS/m @10–20% C 0.09–0.19 dS/m @ 20–40% C 0.12–0.24 dS/m @ 40–60% C 0.15–0.3 dS/m @ 60–80% C

3

2

1

1


4

3

2

1


5

4

3

2


5

5

4

3

Sa6 >0.93 dS/m @10–20% C >1.21 dS/m @ 20–40% C >1.53 dS/m @ 40–60% C >1.87 dS/m @ 60–80% C

5

5

5

5

140

Wetness (w)

Effect Waterlogged soils reduce plant growth and delay effective machinery operations. Assessment Internal and external drainage are assessed. Indicator attributes of internal drainage include texture, structure, colour, mottles, segregations and impermeable layers. Drainage classes (McDonald et al., 1990) are assessed in relation to plant rooting depth. Slope and topographic position determine external drainage. Groundwater data for selected soils is also used. The diagnostic land attributes are: drainage class and plant rooting depth requirement. Limitation class determination Consultation and crop tolerance information relating growth suppression to economic yield. Severity of effect concerning delays in machinery operation. Drainage class

1 very poorly drained 2 poorly drained 3 imperfectly drained 4 moderately well drained 5 well drained 6 rapidly drained

Attribute level

Wetness limitation classes for selected crops

barley, grain sorghum, soybean

grape, citrus

carrot, beans, beetroot, brassica, cucurbits, mango,

navy bean, Lucerne

Rhodes grass,

paspalum

avocado

w6 1 1 1 1 1 w5 1 1 1 1 2 w4 1 2 1 1 4 w3 3 4 3 1 5 w2 4 5 5 3 5 w1 5 5 5 4 5

141

Appendix 4.

Limitation subclasses of soils for cropping in the Boonah area

Soils climate erosion flooding moisture nutrient physical condition

soil depth rockiness salinity wetness

B 1−5 1 1−4 1 3 1, 3 1 1 1−4 1, 2, 4

B2 1−5 1 1−4 1 3 1, 3 1−3 1 1−4 1, 2, 4

B3 1−5 1 1 1 3 1, 3 1, 2 1 1−4 1, 2, 4

Bb 1 1 1 1 3 1, 3 1 1 1−3 1, 2

Bd 1−5 1− 3 1−4 1, 2 2 1, 2 1 1 1−3 1, 2

Bg 1 1−4 1−4 1 2 1, 3 1 1 1, 2 1, 2, 4

Bl 1−5 1 1−4 1 3 1, 3 1 1 1−3 1, 2, 4

Bn 1−5 1−3 1−4 1−3 2 1, 2 1 1 1−3 1, 3, 4, 5

Bo 1 1−5 1 1 2 1, 3 1 1 1, 2 1, 2

Bo1 1 4−5 1 1, 2 2 1, 3 3−4 1 1−3 1, 2

Bo2 1 5 1 1 2 1, 3 1−3 1 1−3 1, 2 Bo3 1 2, 4 1 1 2 1, 3 1, 2 1 1, 2 1, 2, 4

Bp 1 2−5 1 1, 2 2 1, 2 1 1 1−3 1, 2, 4

Bp2 1 3−5 1 1, 2 3 1, 3 1−3 1 1−3 1, 2, 4

Bs 1−5 1 1−4 1 3 1, 3 1 1 1−3 1, 2, 4

Cb 1−5 1−4 1−4 1 3 1, 3 1 1 1−3 1, 2, 4

Ch 1 1−5 1 1, 2 3 1, 3 1 1 1−4 1, 2

Ch1 1 5 1 1, 2 3 1, 3 3−4 1 1−4 1, 2

Ch2 1 3−5 1 1, 2 3 1, 3 1−3 1 1−4 1, 2

Ch3 1 2−5 1 1, 2 2 1, 3 1, 2 1 1−4 1, 2

Cn 1−5 1−3 1−4 1 3 1, 4 1 1 1−3 1, 2, 4

Co 1−5 1−2 1−4 1 3 1, 4 1 1 1 1, 2, 4

Cr 1−5 1−2 1−4 2, 4 1 1, 2 1 1 1 1, 2

Cw 1 1−4 1 1, 2 3 1, 3 1 1 1 1, 2

Cw1 1 5 1 1, 2 3 1, 3 3−4 1 1 1, 2

Cw2 1 3−5 1 1, 2 3 1, 4 1−3 1 1 1, 2 Dd 1 5 1 1 3 1, 3 1 1 1 1, 2

Dd2 1 5 1 1, 2 3 1, 3 1−3 1 1 1, 2

Dr 1 2−5 1 1, 2 3 1, 3 1 1 1−3 1, 2

Dr1 1 5 1 1, 2 3 1, 3 3−4 1 1−4 1, 2

Dr2 1 2−5 1 1, 2 3 1, 3 1−3 1 1−4 1, 2

Dr3 1 2−5 1 1, 2 3 1, 3 1, 2 1 1−4 1, 2

Dw 1 2−5 1 1, 2 3 1, 3 1 1 1−3 1, 2

Ed1 1 5 0 1−3 2 1, 2 3−4 1 1 1, 2

Ed2 1 5 1 1−3 2 1, 2 1−3 1 1 1, 2 Ed3 1 5 1 1, 2 2 1, 2 1, 2 1 1 1, 2, 4

Ek1 1 5 1 1−3 1 1 3−4 1 1 1, 2

Ff 1 1−4 1 1 3 1, 3 1 1 1−3 1, 2, 4 Gr 1 2, 4 1 1, 2 3 1, 4 1 1 1 1, 2, 4

Gy 1−5 1−4 1−4 1, 2 3 1, 3 1 1 1−3 1, 2, 4

Hd 1−5 1−2 1−4 1−3 1 1, 2 1 1 1 1, 2, 4

Hd 1 1−4 1−4 1−3 1 1, 2 1 1 1 1, 2, 4

Hr 1−5 1 1−4 1, 2 3 1, 3 1 1 1−3 1, 3, 4, 5

Hs 1 3−5 1 1, 2 3 1, 2 1 1 1−3 1, 2, 4

Hy 1−5 1−2 1−4 1−3 1 1, 2 1 1 1 1, 2

142



Hy1 1 1, 2 1−4 1−3 1 1, 2 3−4 1 1 1, 2

Hy3 1−5 1, 2 1−4 1 1 1 1, 2 1 1 1, 2

Jl 1 2−5 1 1, 2 3 1, 4 1 1 1−3 1, 2, 4 Jl3 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Jn 1 2−5 1 1, 2 3 1, 3 1 1 1−4 1, 2

Jn1 1 2, 4 1 1, 2 3 1, 3 3−4 1 1−4 1, 2

Ka 1 2−5 1 1, 2 3 1, 3 1 1 1−4 1, 2, 4

Ka1 1 3−5 1 1, 2 3 1, 3 3−4 1 1−4 1, 2, 4

Ka2 1 2−5 1 1, 2 3 1, 3 1−3 1 1−4 1, 2, 4

Ka3 1 5 1 1, 2 3 1, 3 1, 2 1 1−4 1, 2, 4

Kb 1 1−5 1 1, 2 3 1, 3 1 1 1 1, 2, 4

Kb1 1 1−5 1 1, 2 3 1, 3 3−4 1 1 1, 3, 4, 5

Kb2 1 1−5 1 1, 2 3 1, 3 1−3 1 1 1, 2, 4

Kb3 1 2−5 1 1, 2 3 1, 3 1, 2 1 1 1, 2, 4

Kl 1 1−5 1 1, 2 2 1, 3 1 1 1−4 1, 2, 4

Kl1 1 5 1 1, 2 2 1, 3 3−4 1 1−4 1, 2, 4

Kl2 1 3−5 1 1, 2 2 1, 3 1−3 1 1−4 1, 2, 4

Kl3 1 1−5 1 1, 2 2 1, 3 1, 2 1 1−4 1, 2, 4

Km 1 1−2 1−4 1, 2 3 1, 3 1 1 1−3 1, 2, 4

Ky 1 2−5 1 1, 2 3 1, 3 1 1 1−4 1, 2, 4

Ky1 1 5 1 1−3 3 1, 3 3−4 1 1−4 1, 2, 4

Ky2 1 2−5 1 1, 2 3 1, 3 1−3 1 1−4 1, 2, 4

Lg 1−5 1, 2 1−4 1−3 2 1, 2 1 1 1 1, 2, 4

Lg 1−5 1−3 1−4 1−3 2 1, 2 1 1 1 1, 2, 4

Lk 1 1−3 1 1 3 1, 3 1 1 1−4 1, 2, 4

Ls 1−5 1−4 1−4 1, 2 3 1, 3 1 1 1−4 1, 2, 4

Ly 1−5 1−3 1−4 1, 2 3 1, 3 1 1 1−3 1, 2, 4

Ly1 1−5 1 1−4 1 1 1 3−4 1 1 1, 2, 4

Mf 1−5 1−5 1 1, 2 3 1, 3 1 1 1 1, 2, 4

Mf2 1−5 4−5 1 1, 2 3 1, 3 1−3 1 1−3 1, 2, 4

Mf3 1−5 4−5 1 1, 2 3 1, 3 1, 2 1 1 1, 2, 4

Mk 1−5 1, 2 1−4 1, 2 2 1, 3 1 1 1 1, 2, 4

Mn 1−5 1−4 1−4 1, 2 3 1, 3 1 1 1−3 1, 2, 4

Mn1 1−5 1 1−4 1−3 1 1, 2 3−4 1 1 1, 2, 4

Mr 1−5 1−3 1−4 1, 2 3 1, 3 1 1 1−4 1, 2, 4

Mu 1−5 1 1−4 1 2 1, 3 1 1 1−3 1, 2, 4

Na 1 2−5 1 1−2 3 1, 3 1 1 1−4 1, 2

Na1 1 3−5 1 1, 2 3 1, 3 3−4 1 1−4 1, 2

Na2 1 2, 4 1 1, 2 3 1, 3 1−3 1 1−3 1, 2

Na3 1 2, 4 1 1, 2 3 1, 3 1, 2 1 1−3 1, 2

Nb 1 1−5 1 1, 2 3 1, 3 1 1 1−4 1, 2, 4

Nb3 0 1−4 1 1, 2 3 1, 3 1, 2 1 1−4 1, 2, 4

Ok 0 2−5 1 1, 2 2 1, 3 1 1 1 1, 2, 4

Ok2 0 5 1 1, 2 2 1, 3 1−3 1 1 1, 2, 4

Ot 1−5 1, 2 1−4 1, 2 2 1, 2 1 1 1 1, 2, 4

Pd1 1 5 1 1−3 2 1, 3 3−4 1 1 1, 2

Ra 1−5 1−3, 5 1−4 1−3 1 1, 2 5 1−5 1 1, 2

Rd 1 3−5 1 1, 2 2 1, 2 1 1 1 1, 2, 4

143



Rs 1−5 1, 2 1−4 1−3 3 1, 2 1 1 1−3 1, 2

Rt 1 1, 2, 4 1 1, 2 2 1, 3 1 1 1 1, 2

Rv 1 1−5 1 1, 2 3 1, 3 1 1 1−4 1, 2, 4

Rv1 1 5 1 1, 2 3 1, 3 3−4 1 1−4 1, 2, 4

Rv2 1 2−5 1 1, 2 3 1, 3 1−3 1 1−4 1, 2, 4

Rv3 1 2−5 1 1, 2 3 1, 3 1, 2 1 1−4 1, 2, 4

Sc2 1 1 1 1−3 2 1, 2 1−3 1 1 1, 2

Sk 1−5 1, 2 1−4 1, 2 2 1, 3 1 1 1 1, 3, 4, 5

Sl 1−5 1, 2 1−4 1, 2 2 1, 3 1 1 1−3 1, 2, 4

Sp 1−5 1, 2 1−4 1, 2 3 1, 3 1 1 1−3 1, 2, 4

St1 1 5 1 2, 4 2 1, 3 3−4 1 1 1, 2

Sw 1 2−5 1 2, 4 2 1 1 1 1 1, 2, 4

Sw1 1 4−5 1 3−4 2 1, 3 3−4 1 1 1, 2, 4

Sw2 0 5 1 3−4 2 1, 3 1−3 1 1 1, 2, 4

Th 0 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1−4 1, 2, 4

Tl 1 1−5 1 1, 2 3 1, 4 1 1 1−4 1, 2, 4

Tl2 0 1−5 1 1, 2 3 1, 4 1−3 1 1−4 1, 2, 4

Tl3 1 1−4 1 1, 2 3 1, 4 1, 2 1 1−4 1, 2, 4

Tw 1−5 1 1−4 1, 2 2 1, 3 1 1 1 3−5

Ug 1−5 1 1−4 1, 2 2 1, 4 1 1 1 1, 2, 4

W2 1 2, 4 1 1, 2 3 1, 3 1−3 1 1−4 1, 2, 4

Wg 1 2, 4 1 1−3 3 1, 2 1 1 1 1, 2, 4

Wg2 1 5 1 1−3 3 1, 2 1−3 1 1 1, 2, 4

Wh 1−5 1, 2 1−4 1, 2 3 1, 3 1 1 1 1, 2, 4

Wk 1 2, 4 1 1−3 1 1, 2 5 1 1 1, 2

Wl1 1 5 1 1−3 2 1, 2 1 1 1 1, 2 Wm 0 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1, 2 Wr2 0 2, 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1, 2, 4

Ws 1−5 1−2 1−4 2, 4 2 1 5 1 1 1, 2

Wt 1 2−5 1 1, 2 3 1, 3 1 1 1−3 1, 2, 4

Wt1 1 3−5 1 1, 2 3 1, 3 3−4 1 1−3 1, 2, 4

Wt2 1 2−5 1 1, 2 3 1, 3 1−3 1 1−3 1, 2, 4

144

Appendix 5.

Land suitability for selected crops and agricultural land classes of the Boonah area

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1 B-Sp 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 A 2 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A

4 Ls−Gy 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 5 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 6 Rv3 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 7 Dr 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 8 B 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 B 9 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 10 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 11 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 12 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 13 Kl 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 2 2 3 3 B 14 W2 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 15 DDE 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 16 Dr 3 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 3 5 5 B 17 Dr 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 B 18 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 19 SWP 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 20 SWP 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 21 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 22 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 23 Rv3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 24 Dr 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 B 25 Dr 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 26 Dr 3 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 3 5 5 B 27 Ok 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 4 4 B 28 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 29 Ch 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 30 Ch 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 31 SWP 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 32 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 33 SWP 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 34 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 35 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 36 Dw 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 37 SWP 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 38 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 39 Dr-Ok 3 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 40 Dr2-Ok2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 41 DLQ 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 42 Dr-Dw 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B

43 E 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

44 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

145

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45 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 46 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 47 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 48 Ls 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 49 Dr2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 50 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 51 SWP 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 52 SWP 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 53 Dr2 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 54 Dr 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 55 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 56 Sp 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 57 Dr 3 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 58 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 59 Dr-Ok 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 60 Ch 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 61 Ch 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 62 Dr 3 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 63 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 64 Dr-Jn 4 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 65 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 66 Bp 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 4 3 4 2 2 4 4 B 67 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 68 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 69 Ky 4 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 70 Dr 3 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 71 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 72 Rv-Ky 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 D 73 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 74 Rv 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 75 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 76 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 77 Ls-STC 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 78 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 79 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 80 Rv 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 81 Rv 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 B 82 Rv-W2 4 4 5 5 4 5 3 5 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 83 Na 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 84 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 85 Kl 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 2 2 3 3 B 86 Rv-Wt 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 87 Rv-Ky 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 D 88 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 89 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A

90 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B

91 Wt 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D

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92 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 93 Rv 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 94 Rv-Ky 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 95 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 96 Ly-Wh 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 97 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 98 Sl 4 2 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 2 4 3 2 2 2 2 A 99 B-Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 100 Rd 3 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 3 5 5 B 101 Wg-Sw 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 102 Rv-Tl 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 103 Co 4 3 5 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 B 104 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 105 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 106 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 107 Ka 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 108 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 109 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 110 Bd 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 2 2 3 3 B 111 Gy-Hr 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 112 Cr 4 4 5 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 4 4 A 113 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 114 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 115 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 116 Ky 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 117 Ky 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 D 118 Kl 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 B 119 Sk 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 2 4 3 2 2 3 3 A 120 Sk 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 2 4 3 2 2 3 3 A 121 Kl 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 122 Kl 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 2 2 3 3 B 123 Kl 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 124 Kl 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 2 2 3 3 B 125 STC 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 126 Wh 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 127 Bp 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 4 3 4 2 2 4 4 B 128 Sk 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 2 4 3 2 2 3 3 A 129 Sk 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 2 4 3 2 2 3 3 A 130 Sk 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 2 4 3 2 2 3 3 A 131 STC 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 132 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 133 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 134 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 135 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 136 Sw 4 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 5 B

137 Sw 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D

138 Sw1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

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139 Sw 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 5 B 140 DLQ 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 141 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 142 Hs 3 4 5 5 4 5 3 5 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 143 Hs 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 144 Wg 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 145 Gy 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 146 Wg 3 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 147 SCA 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 148 Sw1 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 149 Cr 4 4 5 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 4 4 A 150 Wg 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 151 Bg 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 B 152 Wg 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 153 Bg 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 B 154 Hd-Cr 4 4 5 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 4 4 A 155 Wg 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 156 Bg 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 B 157 Bg 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 B 158 Cr 4 4 5 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 4 4 A 159 Bg 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 4 4 B 160 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 161 Wg-Wt 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 162 Km-Sl 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 163 Tl 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 164 SWP 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 165 Hd 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 B 166 Sw 4 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 5 B 167 Bd 4 2 5 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 3 2 2 2 2 A 168 Wt 3 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 169 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 170 Wg 3 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 171 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 172 Ky2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 173 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 174 Ky 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 175 Wh-Lg 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 176 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 177 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 178 Rv 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 179 Ls 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 180 Bn 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 2 4 3 2 2 3 3 A 181 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 182 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 183 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A

184 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A

185 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A

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186 Km-Hd-STC 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 187 Hd 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 B 188 Kl-Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 189 Kl-Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 190 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 191 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 192 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 193 Mk 4 2 5 3 2 3 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 A 194 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 195 B 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 197 B-STC 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 198 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 199 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 200 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 201 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 202 Wt-Rv 4 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 203 Dr2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 204 Rv2 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 205 Rv-Wt 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 206 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 207 B 5 3 5 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 5 5 3 3 3 3 B 208 Dr2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 209 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 210 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 211 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 212 Rv 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 213 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 214 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 215 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 216 Kl3 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 217 Nb 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 218 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 219 Ls 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 220 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 221 Ls 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 222 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 223 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 224 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 225 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 226 Dw 3 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 227 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 228 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 229 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 230 Rv-Wt 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 231 Rv-Wt 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B

232 Rv 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B

233 Kl-Tl 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 2 2 3 3 B

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234 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 235 Rv-Mf 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 236 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 237 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 238 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 239 Sl 4 2 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 2 4 3 2 2 2 2 A 240 Cd-Sp 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 241 Rv 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 242 Sl 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 2 2 4 4 B 243 Sl 4 2 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 2 4 3 2 2 2 2 A 244 Dr 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 245 Ch 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 246 Gy 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 247 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 248 Ch 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 249 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 250 Ch 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 251 Ch 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 252 Jn 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 253 Dr2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 254 Dr 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 255 Ls 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 256 Dr2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 257 Dr 3 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 258 Ls 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 259 Dr2 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 260 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 261 Dr 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 262 Dr2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 263 Dr2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 264 Ch2-Dr2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 265 Dr 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 266 Bg 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 4 4 B 267 Rt 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 4 4 B 268 Cd 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 269 Dr 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 270 B 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 271 Co-Bd 4 3 5 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 B 272 Ka 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 273 Dr3 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 274 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 275 Na2 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 276 Wt 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 277 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 278 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A

279 Bp 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 4 3 4 2 2 4 4 B

280 Tl 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B

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281 Tl2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 282 Bp 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 4 3 4 2 2 4 4 B 283 Kl2-Tl2 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 284 Ch 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 285 Km 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 286 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 287 Tl 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 288 Km 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 289 Bp 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 290 Ch2-Dr2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 291 Km 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 292 Dd2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 293 Ch 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 294 Gr 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 295 Bo 2 3 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 3 B 296 Jl 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 297 Kb 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 B 298 Bo 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 4 4 B 299 Ch2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 300 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 301 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 302 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 303 Ka 4 4 5 5 4 5 3 5 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 304 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 305 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 306 Tw 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 3 4 5 3 3 4 4 C1 307 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 308 Ch 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 309 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 310 Rv2 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 311 Ch 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 312 Tw 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 3 4 5 3 3 4 4 C1 313 Pd1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 314 Rv2-Kl3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 315 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 316 LAK 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 317 Jn1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 318 Dr2 4 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 319 Cb-Mu 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 320 Wt 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 321 Ls-B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 322 Jn 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 323 Rv2 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 324 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 325 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A

326 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B

327 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A

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328 Cb 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 B 329 Rv 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 330 Kl3-Rv2 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 331 Ls 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 332 Rv2 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 333 Cb-STC 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 334 Cb 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 335 Dr 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 336 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 337 Wr2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 4 4 5 5 D 338 Nb3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 339 Bl 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 340 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 341 Ft 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 B 342 Dr 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 A 343 Jl3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 344 Rv2-Kl2-Ka2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 345 Kl3 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 346 Na 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 347 Rv2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 348 Ls 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 349 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 350 SWP 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 351 SWP 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 352 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 353 STC 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 354 Rv3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 355 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 356 Na3 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 357 Nb 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 358 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 359 Rv 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 360 Kl 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 2 2 3 3 B 361 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 362 Ls-B 4 3 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 363 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 364 Ky 4 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 365 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 366 STC 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 367 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 368 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 369 Ls-B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 370 Ls 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 371 Mn 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 B 372 Gy 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B

373 Wm-Th 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A

374 Wg 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

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375 Wg 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 376 Wg 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 377 Km 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 378 Wg 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 379 Co 4 3 5 4 3 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 B 380 Wg 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 381 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 382 Wg 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 383 Ky 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 384 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 385 Ky 4 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 386 Kl-Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 387 Kl-Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 388 Co 4 3 5 4 3 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 B 389 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 390 Wg 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 391 Ch2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 392 Tl 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 393 Rv2-Kl2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 394 Ky 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 395 Ky2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 396 Ky2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 397 Ky 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 398 Kl2-Ky2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 399 Km 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 400 Ky 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 401 B 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 402 DLQ 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 403 Lg 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 2 2 3 3 A 404 Ky2-Sw2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 405 Ok2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 406 B 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 407 Mr 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 408 Ls 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 409 Rs 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 410 Bp-Ka 4 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 411 Kb 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 B 412 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 413 Ls-B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 414 Ok 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 415 Ky 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 416 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 417 Wg 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 418 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 419 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A

420 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A

421 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

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422 Rv2 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 423 Bp 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 424 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 425 DLU 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 426 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 427 DLU 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 428 DLU 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 429 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 430 Jn 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 431 Na1 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 C1 432 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 433 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 434 STC-Ls 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 435 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 436 Ls 4 3 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 437 STC 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 438 Cb 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 B 439 Ff 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 B 440 Bb 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 A 441 Dr2 4 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 442 Ft 4 3 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 B 443 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 444 Cb 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 B 445 Ch 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 446 Bo 2 3 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 3 B 447 Bo 3 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 3 5 5 B 448 Cw2 3 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 3 5 5 B 449 Bd 3 3 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 B 450 Bo 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 4 4 B 451 Gr 4 4 5 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 452 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 453 Mr-STC 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 454 Bd 3 3 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 B 455 Mr 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 456 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 457 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 458 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 459 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 460 B 5 3 5 4 4 5 5 4 5 4 5 5 4 3 4 4 B 461 STC-B 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 462 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 463 STC-Ls 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 464 Bo 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 465 Ky2-Kl2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 466 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

467 Rt 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 A

468 Bo 2 3 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 3 B

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469 Sc2 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 A 470 Bo 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 A 471 Km 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 472 Ky-Kl 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 473 Cw 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 B 474 Cw 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 A 475 Mn 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 B 476 Cr 4 4 5 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 4 4 A 477 Cr 4 4 5 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 4 4 A 478 Cr 4 4 5 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 4 4 A 479 STC 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 480 Bs-Ff 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 481 Ky2-Sw2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 482 DLQ 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 483 Bo3 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 4 4 B 484 Dr 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 485 Bo 2 3 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 3 B 486 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 487 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 488 Rv3 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 489 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 490 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 491 Rv 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 492 Na1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 493 Bo2-Ed3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 494 Mu-Bs 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 495 Ft 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 496 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 497 Ls 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 498 Bp2 3 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 499 Tl 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 500 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 501 Tl 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 502 Tl 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 503 Tl 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 504 Ch-Dr 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 505 Ch2-Dr2 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 D 506 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 507 Cb-Ft 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 508 Ka 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 509 Ka 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 510 SCA 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 511 Ug 4 2 5 4 2 4 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 B 512 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 513 B-Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A

514 Lk 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A

515 Hr 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A

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516 Bs 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 517 DLP 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 518 Tl 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 519 Rv-Kl 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 520 Kb1 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 521 Bo1-Ed2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 522 Rv2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 523 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 524 Rv-Kl 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 525 Cb 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 526 Cb 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 527 Kl2 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 528 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 529 Mr 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 530 Cb-Bl 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 531 Ka2 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 532 St1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 533 B2 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 534 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 535 Ly 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 536 Dr3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 537 Rv2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 538 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 539 Wt2 3 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 540 Bl-Lg 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 541 Dr2-Ch2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 543 B-Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 544 Cb 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 545 Cb 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 B 546 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 547 Tl 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 548 St1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 549 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 550 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 551 Tl 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 552 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 553 Ls 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 554 Ls 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 555 Rv 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 556 Lg 4 3 5 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 3 3 A 557 Ls-B3 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 558 Lg 4 3 5 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 3 3 A 559 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 560 Ff 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 561 Kl2-Ky2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

562 Kl2-Rv2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

563 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A

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564 Kl 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 565 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 566 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 567 STC 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 568 Ly 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 569 Kl 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 2 2 3 3 B 570 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 571 Mf2-Tl2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 572 Dr2-Ch2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 573 Kb3 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 574 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 575 Kl2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 576 Kl 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 B 577 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 578 Kl2 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 579 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 580 Hd 4 3 5 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 3 3 A 581 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 582 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 583 Ls 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 584 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 585 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 586 Wt 3 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 587 Kl 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 B 588 Ls 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 589 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 590 Mr 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 591 Ed1-Bo1 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 593 Tl 4 3 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 594 Tl 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 595 Bg 4 2 5 3 2 3 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 A 596 Tl 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 597 Mr 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 598 Mr 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 599 Wh-Co 4 3 5 4 3 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 600 Mr 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 601 Ed1-Ek1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 603 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 604 Kl2-Rv2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 605 B-Sl-Ly 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 606 DDE 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 607 Kl2-Ky2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 D 608 Rv 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 609 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 610 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A

611 Rv2-Kl2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

612 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A

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613 Kb2 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 B 614 Mn 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 615 Ls 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 616 Kl 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 617 B 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 618 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 619 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 620 Rv-Kl-Mf3 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 621 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 622 Ls-STC 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 623 Bo 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 4 4 B 624 Tl-Jl 4 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 625 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 626 Ls 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 627 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 628 B-Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 629 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 630 Rv2 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 631 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 632 Bo2-Ed3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 633 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 634 Nb 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 635 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 636 B-Cb 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 637 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 638 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 639 Rv 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 640 Kl2-Rv2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 641 Ek1-Ed2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 642 Rv2-Kl2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 643 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 644 Kb2 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 645 Ls 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 646 Kl2 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 647 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 648 Kl2 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 B 649 Kl2 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 650 Ls 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 651 Ls 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 652 Kl2-Rv2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 653 STC 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 654 Kl2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 655 STC 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 656 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 657 Kl2 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 2 2 3 3 B

658 Mr 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A

659 Ls-Mu 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A

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660 Rv 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 661 DLQ 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 662 Ed1-Cw1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 663 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 664 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 665 Ly 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 666 B-Ls 5 3 5 4 4 5 5 4 5 4 5 5 4 3 4 4 B 667 Ls 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 668 Kl2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 669 Rv 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 670 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 671 Rv2-Kl2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 672 Tl 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 673 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 674 Rv 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 675 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 676 DLU 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 677 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 678 Ly 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 679 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 680 Kl-Mf 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 681 Kl2-Ky2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 682 Mf2-Kl2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 683 Rv2-Kl2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 684 Ls 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 685 Ls 4 3 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 686 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 687 Ft 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 688 Rs 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 689 Kl 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 690 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 691 Kl2-Ka2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 692 Sw1-Ky1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 693 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 694 Cd 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 695 Kl 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 696 Sp 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 697 Ly 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 698 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 699 Kb3-Kl-Tl 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 700 Ly 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 A 701 Kl2-Kb2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 702 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 703 Ly 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 A 704 Ly 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A

705 Ly-STC 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

706 Ly 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 A

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707 Rv2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 708 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 709 Ls 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 710 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 711 Ed1-Cw1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 712 Kl2-Sw1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 713 Ls 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 714 Ls 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 715 Ls-STC 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 716 Mr 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 717 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 718 Mr 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 719 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 720 Kl3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 B 721 Kl 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 2 2 3 3 B 722 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 723 Kl 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 724 Kl 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 2 2 3 3 B 725 STC-Ls 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 726 Kl 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 727 Kl 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 B 728 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 729 Ls 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 730 Kl2-Rv2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 731 Kl 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 2 2 3 3 B 732 Kl 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 733 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 734 Nb 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 735 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 736 Rv-Ka 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 737 Ka 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 738 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 739 Ls-B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 740 Cb-Bl 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 741 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 742 Mf-Rv2 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 743 Ls 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 744 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 745 B-Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 746 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 747 B-Cb 5 3 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 5 5 3 3 3 3 B 748 B 5 3 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 5 5 3 3 3 3 B 749 B 5 3 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 5 5 3 3 3 3 B 750 B 5 3 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 5 5 3 3 3 3 B 751 Co-Mr 4 3 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B

752 B 5 3 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 5 5 3 3 3 3 B

753 B 5 3 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 5 5 3 3 3 3 B

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754 Rs 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 755 B 5 3 5 4 4 5 5 4 5 4 5 5 4 3 4 4 B 756 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 757 B 5 3 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 5 5 3 3 3 3 B 758 B-STC 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 759 B 5 3 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 5 5 3 3 3 3 B 760 Kl 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 2 2 3 3 B 761 Ly 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 762 Dd 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 763 B 5 3 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 5 5 3 3 3 3 B 764 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 765 B 5 3 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 5 5 3 3 3 3 B 766 Rv2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 767 Mf-Rv2 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 3 5 5 B 768 Kl3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 B 769 Ly 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 770 Ly 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 771 Ly 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 772 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 773 B 5 3 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 5 5 3 3 3 3 B 774 Ly 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 775 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 776 B 5 3 5 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 5 5 3 3 3 3 B 777 Ls 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 778 Ls 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 779 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 780 B 5 3 5 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 5 5 3 3 3 3 B 781 Ka3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 782 Bo2-Ed3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 783 Mr 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 784 Tl 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 785 B 5 3 5 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 5 5 3 3 3 3 B 786 Ch 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 787 B 5 3 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 5 5 3 3 3 3 B 788 Tl 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 789 Bg 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 3 A 790 Cn-Mr 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 791 Kl2-Rv2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 792 Kl2-Ka2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 793 Rv-Kl 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 794 Tl2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 795 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 796 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 797 Ka2-Tl2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 798 Gy-Sp 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A

799 B2 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A

800 B2 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A

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801 Kl1-Rv1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 803 B2 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 804 Tl 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 805 B2 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 806 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 807 Kl 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 2 2 3 3 B 808 Rv 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 809 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 810 Ly1-B 4 3 5 4 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 811 ROC 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 812 Ly 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 813 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 814 Kl2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 815 Kl2 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 816 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 817 Bg-Km 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 A 818 Co 4 3 5 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 B 819 Kl3 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 2 2 3 3 B 820 Kl 2 2 3 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 A 821 B-STC 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 822 Mr 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 823 Bg 4 2 5 3 2 3 4 3 4 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 A 824 Kl3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 B 825 Hr 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 826 Ch2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 827 Kl 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 B 828 Ls-Ly 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 829 Co 4 3 5 4 3 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 B 830 Hy1 4 3 5 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 831 St1-Ch1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 832 Dr2-Ch2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 833 St1-Ch1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 834 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 835 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 836 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 837 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 838 B 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 839 Rv 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 840 DLC 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 841 Ch2-Dr2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 842 Ka2-Wg2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 843 DLU 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 844 Sp 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 845 Hy3 4 2 5 2 2 2 4 2 4 1 4 2 1 1 2 2 A 846 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A

847 Kl2-Bp2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 D

848 Cn-B 4 3 5 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 B

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849 Wt1 4 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 C1 850 Kl 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 2 2 3 3 B 851 Ed1-Cw1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 852 St1-Ch1-Dr1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 853 Ka1 4 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 C1 854 Kb 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 B 855 Rv2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 856 B 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 857 Rv 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 858 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 859 Hr 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 860 Ls-Hr 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 861 Kl2-Ka2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 862 ROC 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 863 Co-Mr 4 3 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 864 SCA 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 865 Sp-Gy 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 866 Ly-Rs 5 3 5 3 4 5 5 4 5 4 5 5 4 3 4 4 B 867 SCA 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 868 Wt-Tl3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 869 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 870 Ka 4 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 871 Ky2-Kl2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 872 Ed1-Ek1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 873 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 874 Ka-Bp 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 875 Rv 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 876 Mu-Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 2 2 3 2 A 877 Rv 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 878 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 879 Ls-Ly 5 3 5 4 4 5 5 4 5 4 5 5 4 3 4 4 B 880 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 881 Ky1-Kl1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 882 Ka1-Kl1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 883 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 884 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 885 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 886 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 887 Kl 4 2 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 4 4 2 2 3 2 A 888 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 889 Kl 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 B 890 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 891 Rv2-Kl2-Wl1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 892 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 893 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A

894 Rv-Kl 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D

895 Kl2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D

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896 Mn 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 A 897 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 898 Bg 4 2 5 3 2 3 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 A 899 Kb1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 900 Bg 4 2 5 3 2 3 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 A 901 St1-Ch1-Dr1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 902 ROC-Ed1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 903 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 904 Ls-STC 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 905 B 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 906 Ly 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 907 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 908 Kl-Kb3 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 909 Kl-Kb3 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 910 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 911 Kl2-Sw2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 912 Kl1-Rv1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 913 Sp 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 914 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 915 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 916 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 917 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 918 Kb 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 B 919 Rv 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 920 Ky 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 921 Ls-STC 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 922 Ls 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 923 Mr 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 924 Mr 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 925 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 926 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 927 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 928 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 929 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 930 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 931 Ls 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 932 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 933 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 934 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 935 Rv3 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 936 Rv3 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 937 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 938 Ka-KI 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 939 Ka-Kl 4 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 940 Cd 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A

941 Ka 4 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B

942 Ch1-Dr1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

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943 Ka 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 944 Gy 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 945 Bp 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 4 3 4 2 2 4 4 B 946 B-Cd 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 A 947 Ka 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 948 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 949 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 950 SWP 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 951 Ky 4 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 952 Hs 3 4 5 5 4 5 3 5 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 953 B-Cd-Hr 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 954 Kb1 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 C1 955 Ly 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 956 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 957 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 958 Wt2 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 959 B 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 960 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 961 ROC 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 962 Kl1-Rv1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 963 Bp 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 4 3 4 2 2 4 4 B 964 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 965 Ls-Hr 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 966 Rv2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 967 Rv3 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 968 Rv 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 969 Bg-B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 2 2 3 3 A 970 Rv 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 971 Rv 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 972 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 973 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 974 Cn 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 B 975 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 976 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 977 Ls-Ly 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 978 Ky 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 979 Ky 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 980 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 981 Rv 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 982 Ky-Rv-Kl 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 983 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 984 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 985 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 986 Kl2 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B

987 Rv 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B

988 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A

989 Ly-Mn 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A

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990 ROC 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 991 St1-ROC 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 992 Rv1-Kl1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 993 Mn-Sp 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 994 Mn-Sp 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 995 Mn-Sp 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 996 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 3 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 997 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 998 Rv2-Kl 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 999 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1000 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 1001 Rv1-Kl1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1002 Rv2-Kl2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1003 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1004 Ls 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1005 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 1006 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 1007 Kl2 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 1008 B 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 A 1009 Rv2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 1010 Rv 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 1011 Ch1-St1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1012 Bo2-Cw2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1013 Wt 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 1014 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 1015 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1016 Ka 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 1017 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1018 Ka 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 1019 Ka 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 1020 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 1021 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 1022 Mn-Co 4 3 5 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 1023 Ky2 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 1024 Ky2 4 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 1025 Rv 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 1026 Mn 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 A 1027 Wk 5 5 4 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 D 1028 Bg 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 3 A 1029 Wt 3 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 1030 Mn-Co 4 3 5 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 1031 St1-Ch1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1032 St1-Ch1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1033 Wt 3 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 1034 Ra-Mn1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 D

1035 Mn-Co 4 3 5 4 3 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A

1036 Mn-Ly 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A

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1037 Mn 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 1038 Rv2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 1039 Rs 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 1040 Ra 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 D 1041 Kl1-Rv1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1042 Rv-Kl 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 1043 Rv 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 1044 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 1045 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 1046 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 1047 Rv 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 1048 Rv2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 1049 Ls 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1050 Rs-B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 1051 Ws 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 D 1052 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 1053 B 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 A 1054 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1055 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1056 Kb 3 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 3 5 5 B 1057 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1058 B 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 A 1059 B 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1060 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 1061 B 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1062 Rv2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 1063 Rv 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 1064 Rv 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 1065 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 1066 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1067 STC-Ls 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1068 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 1069 B 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 A 1070 B 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 A 1071 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 1072 Rv 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 1073 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 1074 Rv 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 1075 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 1076 B 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 A 1077 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1078 Kb 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 1079 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1080 Ls-B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1081 Rd 2 3 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 3 B

1082 Rd 2 3 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 3 B

1083 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A

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1084 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 1085 Rv 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 1086 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 1087 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 1088 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 1089 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1090 Rs 4 4 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 4 A 1091 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1092 Rv2-Kl2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1093 Rv 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 1094 Rv 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 1095 Mn 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 A 1096 Ls 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1097 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 1098 Ky-Kl2 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 1099 Wh 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 1100 Ky 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 1101 Rd 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 4 4 B 1102 Kl2-Kb3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1103 Rs-B 4 4 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 4 A 1104 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 1105 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 1106 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1107 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 1108 Ls 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1109 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 1110 Ed1-Cw1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1111 Ed1-Cw1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1112 Ed1-Cw1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1113 Rv 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 1114 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 1115 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 1116 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 1117 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 1118 Mf 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 B 1119 Mn 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 1120 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 1121 Ed1-Cw1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1122 Rv1-Kl1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1123 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1124 Bo2-Cw2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1125 Gy 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 1126 St1-Ch1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1127 Gy 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 1128 Bn 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 2 4 3 2 2 3 3 A

1129 Ka 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D

1130 Sl 4 2 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 2 4 3 2 2 2 2 A

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1131 Ed1-Cw1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1132 Ed1-Cw1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1133 Bd 4 2 5 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 3 2 2 2 2 A 1134 Ka 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 1135 Ka 4 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 1136 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1137 Mr 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1138 Mr 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1139 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1140 Kl2 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 1141 Tl 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 1142 Ch1-Dr1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1143 Ka 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 1144 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1145 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1146 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 1147 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 1148 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 1149 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 1150 Mr 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1151 St1-Ch1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1152 ROC 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1153 Kl 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 B 1154 Mr 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1155 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 1156 B 5 4 5 3 3 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 3 3 4 4 A 1157 Ky 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 1158 B 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1159 Sl 4 2 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 2 4 3 2 2 2 2 A 1160 Kl 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 3 2 2 3 3 B 1161 Kl2-Rv2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 1162 ROC 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1163 Kl 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 1164 Ls 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1165 Rv2 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 1166 Ls 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1167 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1168 Ls-STC 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1169 Ls 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1170 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1171 Rv2-Kl2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1172 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1173 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1174 B-Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1175 Kl 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 2 2 3 3 B

1176 Ka 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D

1177 Rv3 5 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 3 3 4 4 B

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1178 B 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 A 1179 Kl 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 2 2 3 3 B 1180 Sl 4 2 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 2 4 3 2 2 2 2 A 1181 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 1182 Ls 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1183 Ra-Kl 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1184 Ls 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1185 Ls 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1186 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 1187 Rv2 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 1188 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1189 Ka2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1190 Ka 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 1191 Cr 4 4 5 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 4 4 A 1192 Kl-Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 1193 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 1194 Ls 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1195 Rv1-Ka 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 C1 1196 Ls 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1197 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1198 B 5 4 5 3 3 3 5 3 5 3 5 4 3 3 4 4 A 1199 Rv2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 1200 B 5 4 5 3 3 3 5 3 5 3 5 4 3 3 4 4 A 1201 Wt1-Ky1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1202 Kl2-Rv2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1203 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 1204 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 1205 B 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 A 1206 Rv2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 1207 Ly 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 1208 Bn 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 A 1209 Cd 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 1210 Kl 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 2 2 3 3 B 1211 St1-Ch1-Dr1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1212 St1-Ch1-Dr1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1213 Sp 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 A 1214 Cn 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 B 1215 Kl 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 1216 Bn 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 A 1217 Bn 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 A 1218 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 1219 Kl1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 1220 Mr 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1221 Rv2-Kl2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1222 ROC 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

1223 Kl 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 2 2 3 3 B

1224 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A

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1225 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 1226 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 1227 Rv 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 1228 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 1229 Rv3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 1230 Mr 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1231 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 1232 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1233 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1234 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 1235 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 1236 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1237 Kb1 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 B 1238 Rv 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 1239 Ly 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 1240 Rs 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 1241 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 1242 Ed1-Ek1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1243 Dr3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 1244 Rs 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 1245 Cr 4 4 5 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 4 4 A 1246 Dr 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 1247 Ch3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 B 1248 Tl2 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 1249 Rv2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 1250 B 5 4 5 3 3 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 3 3 4 4 A 1251 Ch 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 1252 Rv2-Kl2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1253 Rv2 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 1254 Bg 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 3 A 1255 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 1256 Gy 4 3 5 5 4 5 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 B 1257 Mr 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1258 Rv2 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 1259 Gy 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 A 1260 Rv 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 1261 Rv2-Kl2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1262 Mr 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1263 Bd-Ot 4 2 5 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 3 2 2 2 2 A 1264 Hy-B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 2 2 3 3 A 1265 Gy 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 A 1266 Hy 4 3 5 2 2 2 4 2 4 1 4 2 2 2 3 3 A 1267 B 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 A 1268 Rv 4 5 4 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 B 1269 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A

1270 Ka 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B

1271 Rv 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B

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1272 Bo2-Cw2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1273 Cb 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 A 1274 Ka 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 1275 Jl 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 1276 Bd 4 2 3 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 3 2 2 2 2 A 1277 Bg 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 3 A 1278 Jl 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 B 1279 LAK 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1280 Dr1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1281 St1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1282 Bg 4 2 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 A 1283 LAK 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1284 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1285 Ff 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 A 1286 Ka2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1287 Dr2-Ch2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1288 Bo 2 3 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 3 B 1289 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 A 1290 B 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1291 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1292 B 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1293 Rv2-Kl2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1294 Ka 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 1295 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1296 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 1297 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 1298 STC 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1299 Kl2-Rv2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1300 Ed2-Ek1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1301 Rv2-Kl2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1302 Rv2-Kl2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1303 Ls 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1304 Rv2-Kl2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1305 St1-Ch1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1306 St1-Ch1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1307 St1-Ch1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1308 Ch1-Dr1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1309 Ch1-Dr1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1310 Ch1-Dr1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1311 Ch1-Dr1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1312 Ch1-Dr1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1313 Ch1-Dr1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1314 Kl1-Rv1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1315 Ch1-Dr1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1316 Ch1-Dr1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

1317 Rv2-Kl2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

1318 Rv1-Kl1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D

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1319 Dr2-Ch2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D 1320 Ed1-Cw1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1321 Rv 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 B 1322 STC 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1323 Rv-Kl 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 B 1324 B 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 A 1325 LAK 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1326 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1327 B 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 A 1328 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1329 DAM 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1330 Rv1-Kl1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 D 1331 Rv2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 D

173

Appendix 6.

Laboratory methods used to analyse soil samples Analyte

NR&M

ALHS *

Quant

Unit

Name

Method Description

pH IEC-S4A1 4A1 0.1 - pH Aqueous 1:5, electrode

PH IEC-S4B1 4B1 0.1 - pH 0.01M CaCl2 1:5, electrode

EC IEC-S3A1 3A1 0.01 mS/cm Electrical Conductivity, (1) Electrical Conductivity

Cl IEC-S5A2 5A2 6 mg/kg Chloride, (1) Aqueous, 1:5 soil: water

N IEC-S7B1 7B1 0.65 mg/kg Nitrate Nitrogen, aqueous Aqueous as NO3-N,colorimetry

P IEC-S9B2 9B2 1 mg/kg Phosphorus, Colwell 0.5M NaHCO3 extr. colorimetry

P 9G2 1 mg/kg Phosphorus, BSES 0.005M H2SO4 extr. colorimetry

K 18B1 0.2 meq/100g Potassium, (5) 0.05N HCl extractable, flame

OC IEC-S6A1 6A1 0.01 % Organic Carbon, (1) Organic Carbon, colorimetry

N IEC-S7A2 7A2 0.01 % Total Nitrogen, (2) Total N, Kjeldahl, colorimetry

SO4-S IEC-S10B3 10B3 0.6 mg/kg Sulfate Sulfur (1) 0.01M Ca(H2PO4)2 extr. ICP

Ca IEC-S15A1 15A1_Ca 0.026 meq/100g Calcium, pH 7, (2) Exch. aqueous NH4Cl pH 7

Mg IEC-S15A1 15A1_Mg 0.01 meq/100g Magnesium, pH7, (2) Exch. aqueous NH4Cl pH 7

Na IEC-S15A1 15A1_Na 0.012 meq/100g Sodium, pH 7, (2) Exch. aqueous NH4Cl pH 7

K IEC-S15A1 15A1_K 0.02 meq/100g Potassium, pH 7, (2) Exch. aqueous NH4Cl pH 7

Al 15G1_Al 0.5 meq/100g Aluminium, (1) Exchangeable Aluminium

Ex Acid 15G1_H 0.5 meq/100g Acidity, exchangeable Exchangeable acidity

ECEC 15J1 1 meq/100g Effective cation exch capacity Exch. (Ca+Mg+Na+K+Al+H)

Ca IEC-S15C1 15C1_Ca 0.18 meq/100g Calcium Exch. alcoholic NH4Cl pH 8.5

Mg IEC-S15C1 15C1_Mg 0.31 meq/100g Magnesium Exch. alcoholic NH4Cl pH 8.5

Na IEC-S15C1 15C1_Na 0.091 meq/100g Sodium Exch. alcoholic NH4Cl pH 8.5

K IEC-S15C1 K 0.015 meq/100g Potassium Exch. alcoholic NH4Cl pH 8.5

CEC IEC-S15C1 15C1_CEC 1 meq/100g Cation exchange capacity Cation exch. capacity pH 8.5

Cu IEC-S12A1 12A1_Cu 0.08 mg/kg Copper, extractable 0.005M DTPA extractable, ICP

Zn IEC-S12A1 12A1_Zn 0.02 mg/kg Zinc, extractable 0.005M DTPA extractable, ICP

Mn IEC-S12A1 12A1_Mn 0.02 mg/kg Manganese, extractable 0.005M DTPA extractable, ICP

Fe IEC-S12A1 12A1_Fe 0.093 mg/kg Iron, extractable 0.005M DTPA extractable, ICP

ADMC IEC-S2A1 2A1 0.4 % Air dry moisture content Air dry moisture content

C. Sand IEC-S272 2Z2_CS 1 % Coarse sand fraction Coarse sand fraction

F. Sand IEC-S272 2Z2_FS 1 % Fine sand fraction Fine sand fraction

Silt IEC-S272 2Z2_Silt 1 % Silt fraction Silt fraction

Clay IEC-S272 2Z2_Clay 1 % Clay fraction Clay fraction

15 Bar IEC-S2E1 2E1 0.3 % 15 Bar moisture 15 Bar, pressure plate

R1 IEC-S2Z1 2Z1_R1 0.1 - Dispersion ratio 1 Aqu. Silt+Clay/Total Silt+Clay

P 9A1 0.006 % Total Phosphorus Total P pressed powder, XRF

K 17A1 0.05 % Total Potassium, (3) Total K pressed powder, XRF

S 10A1 0.05 % Total Sulfur, (3) Total S pressed powder, XRF

* ALHS Australian Laboratory Handbook of Soil and Water Chemical Methods (G.E. Rayment and F.R. Higginson 1992) IS Insufficient sampl

174

UMA SPC RMS*

10 Rv UR 13 Kl UR 17 Dr UL 24 Dr UR 25 Dr R1L 27 Ok UR 28 Rv UR 29 Ch R1R 30 Ch UR 36 Dw UR 39 Dr-Ok R1L 42 Dr-Dw UR 46 Rv UL 54 Dr UR 57 Dr R1L 60 Ch UR 61 Ch UL 62 Dr R1R 64 Dr-Jn R1L 66 Bp UR 67 Rv UR 69 Ky R1L 70 Dr R1L 73 Rv UL 74 Rv R1L 79 Rv UL 80 Rv R1L 81 Rv UR 85 Kl UR 88 Rv UR 90 Rv UL 93 Rv R1R 94 Rv-Ky UR

101 Wg-Sw UR 107 Ka UR 116 Ky UR 118 Kl R1L 122 Kl UR 124 Kl UR 127 Bp UR 144 Wg UR 146 Wg R1R 163 Tl UR 168 Wt R1R 169 Rv UR 170 Wg R1R 174 Ky UR 182 Rv UR 202 Wt-Rv R1R 205 Rv-Wt UR 211 Rv UR 212 Rv R1R 214 Rv UR 217 Nb R1L 223 Rv UR 226 Dw R1R 227 Rv UR 229 Rv UR 231 Rv-Wt UR 232 Rv R1R 233 Kl-Tl UR 235 Rv-Mf R1L

UMA SPC RMS

241 Rv R1R 244 Dr UR 245 Ch UR 251 Ch R1R 252 Jn UR 257 Dr R1R 261 Dr UR 265 Dr UR 267 Rt UR 269 Dr UL 272 Ka UR 276 Wt UR 279 Bp UR 280 Tl UR 282 Bp UR 287 Tl R1R 293 Ch R1R 295 Bo UR 297 Kb UL 298 Bo R1L 302 Rv UR 303 Ka R1L 304 Rv UR 308 Ch R1R 311 Ch R1R 322 Jn R1R 326 Rv UR 329 Rv R1R 335 Dr UR 342 Dr GR 359 Rv R1R 360 Kl UR 363 Rv UR 364 Ky R1R 378 Wg UR 380 Wg UR 383 Ky UR 385 Ky R1R 390 Wg UR 394 Ky UR 410 Bp-Ka R1L 411 Kb UR 415 Ky UR 417 Wg UR 445 Ch R1L 446 Bo UR 450 Bo R1R 468 Bo UL 470 Bo GR 473 Cw UR 474 Cw GR 485 Bo UR 490 Rv UR 491 Rv R1R 499 Tl R1R 503 Tl R1R 509 Ka UR 518 Tl UR 519 Rv-Kl UR 546 Rv UR 550 Rv UR 555 Rv R1R

UMA SPC RMS

569 Kl UR 576 Kl R1R 586 Wt R1R 587 Kl R1R 594 Tl UR 596 Tl UR 603 Rv UR 608 Rv R1R 619 Rv UR 623 Bo R1R 624 Tl-Jl R1R 627 Rv UR 629 Rv UL 633 Rv UL 634 Nb UR 639 Rv R1R 663 Rv UR 669 Rv R1R 670 Rv UR 673 Rv UR 675 Rv UR 677 Rv UR 710 Rv UR 721 Kl UR 724 Kl UR 727 Kl R1R 731 Kl UR 734 Nb UR 737 Ka UR 760 Kl UR 784 Tl R1R 788 Tl UR 804 Tl UR 807 Kl UR 808 Rv R1R 827 Kl R1R 837 Rv UL 839 Rv R1R 850 Kl UR 854 Kb UR 857 Rv R1R 870 Ka R1R 875 Rv R1R 877 Rv R1R 880 Rv UR 884 Rv UR 889 Kl R1R 890 Rv UR 918 Kb UR 919 Rv R1R 920 Ky UR 932 Rv UR 933 Rv UR 937 Rv UR 938 Ka-Kl UR 939 Ka-Kl R1R 941 Ka R1R 945 Bp UR 947 Ka UR 951 Ky R1R 963 Bp UR 968 Rv R1R

Appendix 7 UMAs with soils suitable for sewage effluent disposal

175

UMA SPC RMS*

970 Rv R1R 971 Rv R1R 973 Rv UR 976 Rv UR 978 Ky UR 979 Ky UR 981 Rv R1R 987 Rv R1R 997 Rv UR

1006 Rv UR 1010 Rv R1R 1013 Wt UR 1016 Ka UR 1018 Ka UR 1019 Ka UR 1025 Rv R1R 1027 Wk UR 1029 Wt R1R 1033 Wt R1R 1043 Rv R1R 1044 Rv UR 1045 Rv UR 1047 Rv R1R 1052 Rv UR 1063 Rv R1R 1064 Rv R1R 1065 Rv UR 1068 Rv UR

UMA SPC RMS*

1072 Rv R1R 1073 Rv UR 1074 Rv R1R 1078 Kb R1R 1081 Rd UR 1082 Rd UL 1084 Rv UR 1085 Rv R1L 1087 Rv UR 1088 Rv UR 1093 Rv R1L 1094 Rv R1R 1097 Rv UR 1100 Ky UR 1101 Rd R1L 1104 Rv UR 1107 Rv UR 1109 Rv UR 1113 Rv R1R 1114 Rv UR 1115 Rv UR 1116 Rv R1R 1117 Rv UR 1118 Mf UR 1134 Ka UR 1135 Ka R1R 1141 Tl UR 1143 Ka UR

UMA SPC RMS*

1148 Rv UR 1153 Kl R1R 1157 Ky UR 1160 Kl UR 1175 Kl UR 1179 Kl UR 1181 Rv UR 1186 Rv UR 1210 Kl UR 1223 Kl UR 1227 Rv R1R 1228 Rv UR 1231 Rv UR 1234 Rv UR 1241 Rv UR 1246 Dr UR 1251 Ch UR 1260 Rv R1R 1270 Ka UR 1271 Rv R1R 1274 Ka UR 1275 Jl UR 1278 Jl UR 1288 Bo UR 1296 Rv UR 1297 Rv UR 1321 Rv UL 1323 Rv-Kl UR

* RMS = Relief modal slope

176

Appendix 8.

Common and botanical name of grasses, pasture species, weeds and trees

Common name Botanical name Distinguishing features

Grass, pasture species and weeds Barbwire grass Cymbopogon refractus Black spear grass Heteropogon contortus Barbed seeds with awns up to 70 mm long that twist hen

wet (hygroscopic); bases of stems flattened. Blady grass Imperata cylindrica Bracken fern Pteridium esculentum Brown sorghum Sorghum nitidum Burr (noogoora burr) Xanthium pungens Clover Trifolium repens Common finger rush Fimbristylils dichotoma Common finger rush Fimbristylis dichotoma Crowfoot Eleusine indica Fairy grass Sporobolus caroli Fireweed Senecio lautus Forest bluegrass Bothriochloa bladhii Bases of stems rounded; seedhead branched and purple in

colour; leaves and stems have characteristic smell when crushed.

Giant sedge Cyperus exaltatus Grain, forage sorghum Sorghum bicolor Hairy panic Panicum effusum Johnson grass Sorghum halepense Kangaroo grass Themeda triandra Kikuyu Pennisetum specaies Lablab Lablab purpureus

Dolichos purpureus

Lucerne Medicago sativa Nutgrass Cyperus rotundus Paspalum Paspalum dilatatum Phasey bean Macroptilium lathyroides Pitted bluegrass Bothriochloa decipiens Hairless leaves and stems, seeds with ‘pit’ at base as if

pricked with a pin; no hairs on stem joints. Queensland bluegrass Dichanthium sericeum Similar to pitted bluegrass only leaves and stems often

silky, hairy; stem joints always with a ring of hairs. Red natal grass Melinis repens Rhodes grass Chloris gayana Ryegrass Lolium species Scented top Capillipedium spicigerum Similar to forest bluegrass; only seeds at the end of

seedhead branches whereas forest bluegrass has seeds all along seedhead branches; seedhead has characteristic sweet smell when crushed.

Siratro Macroptilium atropurpureum Spear thistle Cirsium vulgare Swamp foxtail Pennisetum alopecuroides Tussocky sporobolus Sporobolus diandrus Water couch Paspalum distichum Trees Blue gum, forest red gum E. tereticornis Brigalow Acacia harpophylla Bunya pine Araucaria cunninghamii Gum-topped box Eucalyptus moluccana Moreton Bay ash Corymbia tesselaris Narrow-leaved ironbark E. crebra Silver-leaved ironbark E. melanophloia Wide-leaved ironbark E. fibrosa

land resources land resourcesland resources bulletin … · 2017-04-18 · the land resources of...

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