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AgustaWestland Apache

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Apache AH1

Westland Apache AH Mk 1 at Kemble Airport,

Gloucestershire in 2008

Role Attack helicopter

National origin United States / United Kingdom

Manufacturer Westland(under licence)

Introduced 2004

Status Active service

Primary user Army Air Corps

Produced 19982004[1]

Number built 67

Program cost 4.1 billion[2]

Unit cost 35 million[3]

Developed from Boeing AH-64D Apache
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Longbow

The AgustaWestland Apache is a licence-built version of the BoeingAH-64D ApacheLongbowattack helicopterfor the British Army'sArmy Air Corps. The first eight helicopterswere built by Boeing; the remaining 59 were assembled by Westland Helicopters (now part ofAgustaWestland) at Yeovil,Somerset in England from Boeing-supplied kits. Changes fromthe AH-64D include Rolls-Royce engines, a new electronic defensive aids suite and a folding

blade mechanism allowing the British version to operate from ships. The helicopter wasnamed "WAH-64" by Westland Helicopters. It is designatedApache AH Mk 1 (or shortenedtoApache AH1) by the Ministry of Defence.

The Apache has become a valued form ofclose air support in the continuing conflict inAfghanistan, being deployed to the region since 2006. The Apache has been an object ofcontroversy over the fitting of some munitions, such as cluster bombsandthermobaric

weapons. Naval trials and temporary deployments at sea have proven the aircraft as an ableplatform to operate from the decks of ships, a capability so far unique amongst Apacheoperators. British Apaches are currently serving in the 2011 military intervention in Libyaoperating fromRoyal Navy ships.

Contents

[hide]

1 Development

2 Design 3 Operational history

o 3.1 Overview

o 3.2 Afghanistan

o 3.3 Naval operations and Libya

4 Operators 5 Specifications (Apache AH1) 6 See also 7 References 8 Further reading

9 External links

[edit] Development

The requirement for a new attack helicopter was identified by the British government in theearly 1990s. In 1993, invitations to bid were issued. Bids received included the EurocopterTiger, a modernised Bell AH-1 SuperCobra, theBoeing AH-64 Apache, the Boeing/SikorskyRAH-66 Comanche, and theAgusta A129 Mangusta.[4] Both the Tiger and Cobra variant werederided for requiring development, and thus risk, while the Apache was combat proven,however its performance in the First Gulf Warwas criticised by competitors.[4]Westland and

the Apache was selected in July 1995, a contract for 67 helicopters was signed in 1996.[1][5]

The first prototype WAH-64 Apache was produced by Westland, under licence from Boeing,
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taWestland_Apache#Operators%23Operatorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgustaWestland_Apache#Specifications_.28Apache_AH1.29%23Specifications_.28Apache_AH1.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgustaWestland_Apache#See_also%23See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgustaWestland_Apache#References%23Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgustaWestland_Apache#Further_reading%23Further_readinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgustaWestland_Apache#External_links%23External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AgustaWestland_Apache&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurocopter_Tigerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurocopter_Tigerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_AH-1_SuperCobrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_AH-64_Apachehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing/Sikorsky_RAH-66_Comanchehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing/Sikorsky_RAH-66_Comanchehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agusta_A129_Mangustahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgustaWestland_Apache#cite_note-NYT_1995-3%23cite_note-NYT_1995-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Gulf_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgustaWestland_Apache#cite_note-NYT_1995-3%23cite_note-NYT_1995-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgustaWestland_Apache#cite_note-Agusta_2-0%23cite_note-Agusta_2-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgustaWestland_Apache#cite_note-4%23cite_note-4


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in September 1998.[6] The first nine Apache AH Mk1 helicopters were authorised for serviceby the director of British Army Aviation on 16 January 2001.[6] The 67th and final Apachewas handed over to the British Army in July 2004.[7] The cost of the helicopter fleet wasaround 3.1 billion, with a total acquisition cost of 4.1 billion.[2] Reliability had becomequestioned by US Apache operations, the entire fleet in the Balkans had been grounded due to

serious failures with the tail rotor.[8][9]

In 1998, the development of the Longbow radar had raninto problems regarding its weight, impact upon overall agility, and the ability to transfer datawas non-functional.[10] These problems with important parts of the aircraft, and the high costfor the fleet, led to calls for its cancellation in 1999.[11]

"I have no doubt whatsoever that the Attack Helicopter will represent the biggest single enhancement to theArmy's capability for many years. It will change the way we go to battle. Now we have taken the decisionto buy the Apache, the Army must ensure that doctrine is developed to allow us to make the fullest possibleuse of its tremendous capability."

Chief of the General Staff, GeneralSir Charles Guthrie, 1996.[12]

When the requirement for the Apache has been formalised in the early 1990s, militarydoctrine assumed that a large conventional armoured assault from theEastern Bloc wasBritain's main threat. Following the collapse and break-up of the Soviet Union, the conceptsof flexibility and rapid response took precedence.[12] The UK's Strategic Defence Reviewcalled for Apaches to undertake amphibious attack missions, operating from thehelicoptercarrierHMS Ocean, theInvincible class aircraft carriers and their successors, the Queen

Elizabeth class aircraft carriers, and possibly the amphibious assault vessels HMSBulwarkandAlbion.[13] Each squadron equipped with the Apache should have eight operationalaircraft.[14]

The WAH-64 experienced delays in entering service due to complications with themodifications made for British service.[15] Prior to its introduction into service in 2004, severaldevelopment problems were noted, including a lack of the ability to securely communicatewith other helicopters and a risk of damage to the tail rotor and airframe from firing itsHellfire missiles.[16][17] The problem with using the Hellfire was debris generated by the firingof missiles, both the Hellfire and CVR7 rockets, could strike the body of the aircraft andcause damage; resolving this issue created a delay to training programs. [2]These problemswere corrected prior to entering service, a secure communications suite was been installed andHellfire missiles are routinely fired by WAH-64s.[18][19] In 2002, government sources statedthat full operational capability was set to be achieved by 2010.[20] In 2005, an out-of-servicedate for the Apache was forecast at 2030, however the aircraft's service life could be extended

by decades beyond this if a major life-extension upgrade is performed.[21]

[edit] Design

External

videos

Apache overview

BBC Tour of
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//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_class_aircraft_carrierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_class_aircraft_carrierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Bulwark_(L15)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Albion_(L14)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgustaWestland_Apache#cite_note-12%23cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgustaWestland_Apache#cite_note-13%23cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgustaWestland_Apache#cite_note-NAO_7-14%23cite_note-NAO_7-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgustaWestland_Apache#cite_note-15%23cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgustaWestland_Apache#cite_note-16%23cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgustaWestland_Apache#cite_note-NAO_8-1%23cite_note-NAO_8-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgustaWestland_Apache#cite_note-official-17%23cite_note-official-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgustaWestland_Apache#cite_note-bis_47-18%23cite_note-bis_47-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgustaWestland_Apache#cite_note-NAO_22-19%23cite_note-NAO_22-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgustaWestland_Apache#cite_note-20%23cite_note-20http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AgustaWestland_Apache&action=edit&section=2http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13541379


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an Apache

Several deviations were made to the standard Apache design used by the US and thoseexported to other countries. One major difference is the use of a pair ofRolls-RoyceTurbomeca RTM322 01/12 engines, replacing the original General Electric T700-GE-701Cengines.[22] The Rolls-Royce engine produces 1,565 kW (2,100 hp) vs 1,410 kW (1,890 hp)for the GE T700C engine.[18] Unlike many helicopters used by coalition forces in Afghanistan,the Apache required less modification to serve in the region due to special filters incorporatedinto the design.[23] Another change is the folding blade mechanism to stow the helicopters inconfined spaces;[24] the rotor blades also have anti-ice protection to allow operations in Arcticenvironments.

Apache in flight atBiggin Hill, 2008

There were changes made to the sensor and avionics outfitting the craft as well; connectivitywith the BOWMAN secure communications system to interact with other British militaryunits being a significant one.[25] TheSELEX (formerly BAE Systems Avionics) HelicopterIntegratedDefensive Aids System (HIDAS) was also fitted.[26] The HIDAS system wasretrofitted onto the aircraft in mid-2004 just prior to entering service, along with severalredesigned composite bodywork components.[27] An eye-safe traininglaserto allow theApache to function as a target designator was also installed. [28]

Instead of the AmericanHydra 70 rocket pods, the Westland Apache can carry up to 76CRV7 rockets.[18][19] The CRV7 is a controversial weapon as it has been classified as a cluster

bomb; it is alleged that a single Apache could deliver as many as 684 bomblets in one attack.In May 2008, several senior officers, such as General David Ramsbotham spoke out againstBritish plans to keep the weapon.[29][30] In the same month, Britain, as one of the 111

participating nations, agreed to ban cluster bombs on humanitarian grounds.[31]

An Apache at RIAT, RAF Fairford

Like the US AH-64D Apache Longbows, the Apache AH Mk 1 carries a fire-control radar(FCR) and Radar Frequency Interferometer (RFI), providing an integrated surveillance andattack system.[18] The 'Longbow radar is the bulbous unit over the rotor hub assembly; radar

placement above the rotors allows the Apache to hover behind cover scanning for targets,
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with only the radar unit exposed.[32] Additionally, the Longbow radar can monitor traffic in theApache's airspace.[33]The radar can also be used for surveillance and terrain profiling. [34] Amodem is interfaced into the Longbow radar and other sensor systems to relay information toother aircraft, this allows other Apaches to fire on targets identified by only a singlehelicopter.[35]

AgustaWestland have since made several upgrades to Britain's Apache fleet. In May 2005, a$212 million contract was awarded to equip all 67 Mk1 helicopters with the ApacheArrowhead sensor system upgrade, to be completed by 2010.[36][37]In 2009, it was announcedthat AgustaWestland was also integrating new external fuel tanks with ballistic protection.[38]

Some of the internal fuel tanks can be removed, WAH-64s in Afghanistan may have theseremoved to allow for extra ammunition for the cannon to be fitted.[33] It has been suggestedthat advanced rotor blades and additional controls to improve the agility of the aircraft may befitted in a mid-life update of the fleet.[39]

[edit] Operational history[edit] Overview

A WAH-64 on the tarmac at Middle Wallop airfield, a second is in the background

In May 2005, the first Apache-equipped regiment achieved operational status.[40] TheWestland Apache has replaced the Westland Lynx AH7 as the British Army's tactical attackhelicopter.[41] The Apache is currently operated by two regiments of theArmy Air Corps (3Regt AAC and 4 Regt AAC) as part of16 (Air Assault) Brigade. The Apache is intended tooperate in the armed reconnaissance and attack roles, similar to the US usage of Apachesduring the 1991 Gulf War. Unlike US versions, the Westland Apache has been navalised andnow serves aboard Royal Navy ships in addition to its land-based role.[24] It achieved maritime

certification in December 2005 aboard HMS Ocean. On 17 November 2006, HMSArk Royalbecame the first aircraft carrier to land an Apache AH Mk 1.[42]

In August 2006, the intense usage of Apaches in Afghanistan led to British commandersadmitting that weapons and spare parts were being used at a far greater rate, and subsequentlya greater cost, than anticipated.[43] On 11 November 2007, it was reported that half of theApache gunships in British service had been grounded as they had fallen below the levelconsidered "fit for purpose", along with several other British Helicopters such as theChinookand Merlin HC3.[44]A year later in November 2008 the situation had declined further, out of67 aircraft only 20 were available for combat operations.[45] In late 2009, AgustaWestland wasawarded a contract to transfer support services for the Apache and many of its components

such as the Longbow radar, in-house; in the following months senior officers reflected thatthis organisation change had resulted in higher availability.[46] In June 2011, civilian engineers
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maintaining the Apaches at RAF Wattisham threatened to conductindustrial action andstrikes over a pay dispute.[47]

In October 2008 it was announced that Prince Harry had begun the process of qualifying tobecome an Apache pilot.[48] In May 2010, the terrorist organisation Al Quida theatened to

abduct the prince if he piloted an Apache in Afghanistan.[49]

In April 2011, Prince Harry waspromoted to Captain following his completion of Apache conversion training.[50] In June 2011,sections of the media reported that Prince Harry is to deploy to Afghanistan as an Apache

pilot in 2012.[3]

[edit] Afghanistan

The Apache's first operational tour was as part of 16 Air Assault Brigade in Afghanistan;there were eight Apache AH1s deployed in Afghanistan in February 2007.[51] These weredrawn fromNo. 656 Squadron and No. 664 Squadron of9 Regiment AAC, based at RAFDishforth.[52] Unlike their American counterparts in Afghanistan, the Apache AH Mk 1 is

deployed with its Longbow Fire Control Radar to enable the pilot to better manage traffic intheir airspace.[33] Initially pilots had to often fly for 1618 hours at a time due to the lownumber of Apaches in the theatre;[53] typically each Apache would be stationed in Afghanistanfor eight weeks before returning to Britain for roughly eight weeks of maintenance. [54] On 22May 2006, a UK Apache operating in Afghanistan's South Helmand provincefired one of itsHellfire missiles to destroy an abandoned French armoured vehicle to protect sensitiveequipment inside.[55]

The Apache quickly became a highly valued tool against insurgents, able to escort ground andair forces and rapidly respond to Taliban forces on the ground.[56] Major Huw Williams,

second in command of3rd Battalion, The Parachute Regiment, stated that: "We're reallyimpressed [with the Apache]. It's a very effective beast."[55] It has been noted that Talibanforces refer to the aircraft as the "Mosquito". Although the Apaches have become targets forinsurgents, as of November 2008 no British Apaches have been lost to enemy fire.[23][45] InSeptember 2008, an Apache was seriously damaged by a crash shortly following takeoff inHelmand province, no loss of life occurred.[57]

External

media

Images

Two soldiers

strapped to

Apache's

wings

Videos
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7/17

BBC News

coverage

On 13 January 2007, a 200-strong British force, led by Royal Marines, launched an operationto attack Jugroom Fort, a major Taliban base in southern Helmand Province.[58][59] Afterseveral hours of intense fighting, the Marines regrouped and it was discovered that LanceCorporal Mathew Ford of45 Commando Royal Marines was missing. A rescue mission waslaunched using four volunteers, Royal Marines and a Royal Engineer, strapped to the stub-wings of two Apaches.[58] The helicopters could not travel above 50 mph to ensure the safetyof the extra passengers from rotor downwash. The Apaches landed under fire inside thecompound, after which the rescuers dismounted and recovered the body of LCpl Ford. Ford's

body was flown out in the same manner that the soldiers arrived.[58] Other Apaches hoveredabove, providing suppressive fire throughout.[60] None of the rescuers were injured in therecovery mission and they were later hailed for their bravery.[61]

In May and June 2008, British and Afghan National Army forces conducted Operation Eagle'sEye, aimed at disrupting Taliban activities to the south ofMusa Qaleh; a key portion of whichwas a major night-time helicopter raid, rapidly deploying members of2nd Battalion,Parachute Regiment into the town.[62] In June 2008, a British Apache fired athermobaricHellfire missile; the controversial usage of such weapons was approved after extensive legaland ethical evaluations within the MOD.[63] In June 2008, a Taliban leader and several cellmembers were killed in Helmand Province by a Hellfire missile launched by an Apache of the664 Army Air Corps.[64] There was a friendly fire incident in July 2008, in which an Apachefired upon a position thought to be held by enemy forces, but instead hit members of a British

patrol.[65] This was the first time that a British aircraft had been involved in ablue-on-blue

incident in Afghanistan.[66]

In early to mid 2009, several narcotics and bomb-making facilities were raided by Britishforces, supported by Apaches.[67][68] In April 2009, it was reported that an Apache had beenused to intercept a suicide bombing attack in Helmand province. [69] During the Summer of2009, British Apaches were an integral component ofOperation Panther's Claw, which wasaimed at pushing insurgents out of civilian areas in the runup to the 2009 Afghan Elections.[68]

During this major offensive, Apaches from the UK rountinely flew alongside US Cobrahelicopters to provide air support to soldiers of3rd Battalion Black Watch and the RoyalMarines conducting ground operations.[70] During the Summer 2009 operations, a seniorTaliban leader, Mullah Mansur, and several accomplices were killed in a precision strikelaunched by an Apache.[71]

On 13 October 2010, newspapers reported that Army Air Corps maintenance workers hadaccidentally sent a live CRV7 missile in regular mail from Camp Bastion to the UK, a mistakewhich inspections had missed four times; when the missile was discovered it sparked anevacuation, the MOD later changed procedure in regards to the incident. [72] On 25 July 2011,the MOD announced that during a combat operation in the Nahr-e-Saraj district of Helmand

province, several Afghan children had been injured from crossfire by an Apache; they wereflown to Camp Bastion for medical treatment.[73][74]

[edit] Naval operations and Libya
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External media

Images

WAH-64 Apaches upon the flight deck of HMS Ocean,

overhead view

Apache ready for take off on HMSArk Royal

Videos

Footage of nighttime Apache operations

In May 2011, the MOD announced that the Apache fleet had reached 100,000 hours flyingtime, and was described a "vital battlefield tool in Afghanistan".[75] The Apache was alsorecognised as having established a "limited maritime strike capability" and were beingdeployed on vessels such as HMS Ocean.[75] On 17 May 2011, the Apache tested its Hellfiremissiles against sea targets for the first time, 9 missiles were fired with a success rate of100%.[76] Speculation in the media has suggested that the speed on trialling and establishingan Apache maritime presence is due to the withdrawal of the British Aerospace Harrier II, as astopgapreplacement.[77]

On 27 May 2011, military officials announced that Apaches would be deployed as part ofOperation Ellamy, the ongoingmilitary intervention in Libya. The helicopters are currentlyoperating from the flight deck of HMS Ocean in conjunction with French Eurocopter Tigerhelicopters overMisrata.[78][79] The Apaches will also assist in the ongoing Operation UnifiedProtector, the enforcement of an embargo and no-fly zone upon Libya.[80] On 14 June 2011,reports of British preparation to evacuate Yemen emerged, involving Apache and Merlinhelicopters operating from Royal Fleet Auxiliary vessels off the coast.[81]

On 4 June 2011, Apaches struck targets within Libya for the first time, when both a radar siteand an armed checkpoint were destroyed around the town ofBrega.[82] Further precision air

strikes were launched by Apaches, typical targets being mobile air defenses; occasionally theaircraft were engaged by AK-47 fire from ground troops.[83][84] In early June, Apachesconducted attacks on Gaddafi loyalists assaulting the town ofMisrata.[85] On 13 June, BritishApaches destroyed several inflatable boats with 30 mm cannon fire, believed to be LibyanSpecial Forces, before engaging and destroying multiple vehicles along the coastline,including an anti-aircraft system.[86][87] On 25 June, in coordination with RAF PanaviaTornado strikes, Apaches attacked loyalist infantry and vehicles aroundBrega and its airfield.[88] On 1 July, it was reported that British Apaches were involved in a 'fierce' battle around thetown ofAl Khums.[89] On 2 July, Apaches raided a military camp nearAz Zawiyah,destroying several tanks and a bunker.[90] One reason for increased Apache activity in lateJune was the temporary unavailability of the Frenchaircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle, beset

multiple times by rough seas which halted carrier operations.[91]

On 5 August, Apacheparticipation in the rebel push for the town ofZlitan was reported.[92]
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By 21 June 2011, the Libyan government had dubiously claimed to have been successful atshooting down dozens of aircraft, including five Apaches; NATO have denied these claimsand no Apache losses have been acknowledged to date.[93][94] On 8 July 2011, the MODreleased information on the first month of AH-1 combat operations over Libya; noting thatApaches had engaged targets within Libya on 39 occasions.[95] Apache operations over Libya

have been heavily influenced and supported by NATO reconnaissance flights and intelligencemissions; information is continually relayed to update target information, assess the threat ofSurface to Air missiles (SAM), and the presence of civilians, enabling real time changes tomission profiles.[96] On 6 August, Apaches struck a military communications facility andtroops at Al Watiyah.[97]

[edit] Operators

United Kingdom

British Army Air Corpso 3 Regiment, Army Air CorpsWattisham Airfield,[98] Combat operations since

2006.[99] No. 653 Squadron AAC

No. 662 Squadron AAC No. 663 Squadron ACC

o 4 Regiment, Army Air Corps Wattisham Airfield,[98] Combat operations since

2006.[99] No. 654 Squadron AAC

No. 656 Squadron AAC No. 664 Squadron AAC

o 2 (Training) Regiment, Army Air Corps -Middle Wallop[100] [101] No. 668 Squadron AAC

o 7 (Training) Regiment, Army Air CorpsMiddle Wallop[102]

No. 673 Squadron AAC

[edit] Specifications (Apache AH1)
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AFhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AgustaWestland_Apache&action=edit&section=8


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Rearview of a WAH-64 preparing to takeoff, the narrow body is apparent at this angleData from AgustaWestland page[103] Jane's Air Forces,[104] British Army[18]

General characteristics

Crew: 2 Length: 17.7 m (58 ft 4 in with rotors turning)

Rotor diameter: 14.6 m (48 ft) Height: 3.87 m (12 ft 8 in) Disc area: 168.11 m (1,809.5 ft) Empty weight: 5,165 kg (11,387 lb) Loaded weight: 8,006 kg (17,650 lb) Max takeoff weight: 9,525 kg (21,000 lb) Powerplant: 2 Rolls-Royce/Turbomeca RTM322turboshaft, 1,566 kW (2,100 hp)each

Performance

Never exceed speed: 365 km/h (197 knots, 227 mph) Maximum speed: 293 km/h (158 knots, 182 mph) Cruise speed: 259 km/h (140 knots, 161 mph) Range: 537 km (290 nmi,[105] 334 mi) Ferry range: 1,700 km (974 nmi, 1,121 mi) Service ceiling: 6,400 m (21,000 ft) Rate of climb: 12.7 m/s (2,500 ft/min)

Armament

Guns:M230 Chain Gun, 1156 rounds Missiles:Hellfire (and Stinger, Starstreak, Sidewinder/Sidearm proposed) Rockets:CRV7, Flechette (Tungsten dart) or High-Explosive Incendiary Semi-Armour Piercing (HEISAP)

[edit] See also

Military of the United Kingdom portal

Aviation portal

Related development
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgustaWestland_Apache#cite_note-102%23cite_note-102http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgustaWestland_Apache#cite_note-Janes-103%23cite_note-Janes-103http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgustaWestland_Apache#cite_note-official-17%23cite_note-official-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_Takeoff_Weighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolls-Royce/Turbomeca_RTM322http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turboshafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V_speeds#Vnehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V_speeds#Vnohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V_speeds#Vchttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Range_(aircraft)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nautical_milehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgustaWestland_Apache#cite_note-104%23cite_note-104http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgustaWestland_Apache#cite_note-104%23cite_note-104http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferry_rangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceiling_(aeronautics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_of_climbhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M230_Chain_Gunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M230_Chain_Gunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AGM-114_Hellfirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AGM-114_Hellfirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIM-92_Stingerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starstreakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIM-9_Sidewinderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AGM-122_Sidearmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRV7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRV7http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AgustaWestland_Apache&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Military_of_the_United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Aviationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aviacionavion.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Portal-puzzle.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:WAH-64_narrow_aspect.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:WAH-64_narrow_aspect.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgustaWestland_Apache#cite_note-102%23cite_note-102http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgustaWestland_Apache#cite_note-Janes-103%23cite_note-Janes-103http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgustaWestland_Apache#cite_note-official-17%23cite_note-official-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_Takeoff_Weighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolls-Royce/Turbomeca_RTM322http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turboshafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V_speeds#Vnehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V_speeds#Vnohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V_speeds#Vchttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Range_(aircraft)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nautical_milehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgustaWestland_Apache#cite_note-104%23cite_note-104http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferry_rangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceiling_(aeronautics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_of_climbhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M230_Chain_Gunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AGM-114_Hellfirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIM-92_Stingerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starstreakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIM-9_Sidewinderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AGM-122_Sidearmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRV7http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AgustaWestland_Apache&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Military_of_the_United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Aviation


11/17

Boeing AH-64 Apache

Comparable aircraft

Agusta A129 Mangusta

Bell AH-1Z Viper Eurocopter Tiger Kamov Ka-50 Mil Mi-28 CAIC WZ-10

Related lists

List of active United Kingdom military aircraft List of aircraft of the Army Air Corps List of aviation accidents and incidents during the Iraq War

[edit] References

Citations

1. ^ ab AgustaWestland 2011, p. 2.2. ^ abcNational Audit Office 2002, p. 8.3. ^ ab Collins, Nick (16 June 2011)."Prince Harry to return to Afghanistan". TheTelegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/prince-harry/8578644/Prince-Harry-to-return-to-Afghanistan.html.

4. ^a

b

Ipsen, Erik (13 July 1995)."U.K. Must Choose 1 of 3 Attack Copters : PitchedBattle Near Done". New York Times.http://www.nytimes.com/1995/07/13/business/worldbusiness/13iht-chop.html?pagewanted=1.

5. ^ Cook, Nick (1 May 1995)."High Noon For Tiger And Apache". Interavia Business& Technology. http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-6339513_ITM.

6. ^ ab Mcgowen 2005, p. 214.7. ^ "British Army Receives 67th Apache In Ceremony Held At The Farnborough AirShow 2004". AgustaWestland. 21 July 2004. http://www.agustawestland.com/node/3232.

8. ^ "Repairs Planned For Army Helicopters". New York Press. 10 November 1999.http://www.nytimes.com/1999/11/10/us/repairs-planned-for-army-helicopters.html.

9. ^ "Some Apaches To Be Grounded 10 Months". Fayetteville Observer. 11 November

1999.http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=FV&p_theme=fv&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F55000022413A5A&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM.

10. ^ "Army Aviation: Apache Longbow Weight and Communication Issues". U.S.Government Accountability Office. 15 September 1998.http://www.gao.gov/products/NSIAD-98-203.

11. ^ Maguire, Kevin (4 August 1999). "UK set to axe Apache". The Mirror.http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-60433589.html.

12. ^ ab National Audit Office 2002, p. 6.13. ^National Audit Office 2002, pp. 9, 22-23.14. ^ Heyman 2005, p. 114.

15. ^National Audit Office 2002, p. 7.
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d_Apache#cite_ref-9%23cite_ref-9http://www.gao.gov/products/NSIAD-98-203http://www.gao.gov/products/NSIAD-98-203http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgustaWestland_Apache#cite_ref-10%23cite_ref-10http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-60433589.htmlhttp://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-60433589.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgustaWestland_Apache#cite_ref-NAO_6_11-0%23cite_ref-NAO_6_11-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgustaWestland_Apache#cite_ref-NAO_6_11-1%23cite_ref-NAO_6_11-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgustaWestland_Apache#cite_ref-12%23cite_ref-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgustaWestland_Apache#cite_ref-13%23cite_ref-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgustaWestland_Apache#cite_ref-NAO_7_14-0%23cite_ref-NAO_7_14-0


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36. ^ Hoyle, Craig (1 December 2008)."British Army receives first upgraded Apaches".FlightGlobal.

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