laboratory for machine tools and production engineering path planning (cpm), program evaluation and...

Production Management B – Spring Semester 2009

Enterprise Resource Planning II (ERP) L04 P. 0

Lecture 04

Production Management B

Lecture 04Enterprise Resource Planning II (ERP)- Order Clarification and Configuration -

Organisation:Dipl.-Ing. Dipl.-Wirt. Ing. Tobias ReilSteinbachstr. 53BRoom 521Phone: [email protected]

Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering

Chair of Production EngineeringProf. Dr.-Ing. Dipl.-Wirt. Ing. G. Schuh

Chair of Production ManagementProf. Dr.-Ing. A. Kampker



Lecture 04

Index:Index Page 1Schedule Glossary Page 3Targets of this lecture Page 5Lecture

Introduction and basics Page 6

Tools for the generation of an offer Page 10

Product Configuration Page 16

Example of a product configuration Page 30

Final Statement Page 38

Questions Page 39

Bibliography Page 40



Lecture 04

Schedule:

No. Date Responsible

L1 27.04.2009 Mr. Rittstieg 0241 80 20396

L2 04.05.2009 Mr. Bartoscheck 0241 80 28203

L3 18.05.2009 Mr. Fuchs 0241 80 26265

L4 25.05.2009 Mr. Reil 0241 80 27964

L5 08.06.2009 Mr. Potente 0241 80 27387

L6 15.06.2009 Mr. Bauhoff (fir) 0241 47705-439

L7 22.06.2009 Mr. Hoeschen 0241 80 27382

L8 29.06.2009 Mr. Jung 0241 80 27392

L9 06.07.2009 Mr. Rauhut 0241 80 28206

L11 13.07.2009 Mr. Koch 0241 80 25321

L12 20.07.2009 Mr. Cuber (fir) 0241 47705-420

Customer Relations Management

Enterprise Ressource Planning I

Enterprise Ressource Planning II

Topic

IT in Production Management

Enterprise Ressource Planning III

Product Lifecycle Management II

Digitale Plant Planning and Simulation

Business Engineering - Method of selecting IT-Systems (Trovarit)

Supply Chain Management I

Supply Chain Management II

Product Lifecycle Management I



Lecture 04

Glossary:

Offer Calculation:The offer calculation is the calculation of the offer or quotation price. In order of increasing accuracy, the following methods can be deployed:- Estimation (experience-based)

- Cost-per-kg- or material-cost-method

- Calculation based on cost functions

- Calculation broken down to individual parts

While an estimation may require the least effort, it at the same time provides the lowest accuracy. A calculation broken down to individual components requires a large effort, but generates a quotation price with the maximum accuracy. (Schuh 2005)

Order Clarification:The order clarification is the process of clarifying and specifying the customer requirements as completely as possible. The difficulties in the offering phase are based on the fact that usually not all customer requirements can be entirely specified. Whether or not an offer should be generated and an order should be accepted, can only be estimated based on experiences with similar products.

Based on the information from the order clarification phase, an order selection can be performed under consideration of the profit margin, the demanded and the possible delivery date. (Schuh 2005)

Module:Modules are parts to be attached, that enable a manifold combinability of components and an efficient creation of variety based on separate function, but unified product interfaces. The principle of modularisation is especially well suited to represent a high product variety with only limited effects on the product complexity. (Schuh 2005)



Lecture 04

Module Building Set:Module Building Sets are characterised by one or few base elements, onto which modules of differing variety can be mounted over various assembly steps. This principle is a common basis for bill-of-material structures in the area of plant engineering and construction. The difference to a pure module approach lies in the existence of base elements, but not in the existence of and structuring into different modules as parts to be attached. (Schuh 2005)

Product Configuration:Product configuration means the composition of products or system solutions based on standardised components and on a knowledge base of predefined configuration rules. This composition of products happens according to customer specifications. (Schuh 2005)

Product Structure:A product structure is the structured composition of components to a product. Sub-assembly components and individual parts lead to structure steps by bundling those components and parts on a lower level in the product structure. (Schuh 2005)



Lecture 04

Targets of this Lecture:

Separation of the tasks in the order process particularly in companies with an order-bound production

Explanation and description of appropriate methods and tools to the rationalisation of the order process

Terminisation of the offering phase

Calculation of the offering costs

Configuration of products



Lecture 04

Seite 6© WZL/Fraunhofer IPT

Structure

Introduction and basics1

Tools for the generation of an offer2

Product configuration3

Example of a product configuration4

Notes:



Lecture 04


Relation between Supply and Demand

Order-specific manufacturer

(build-by-order)

Order-specific manufacturer

(build-by-order)Variant

manufacturerVariant

manufacturerSeries

manufacturer(build-on-stock)

Series manufacturer

(build-on-stock)

CustomerCustomer

InquiryInquiry

Public authoritiesPublic authorities

Invitation to tender

Invitation to tender

MarketMarket

AnonymousAnonymous

DemandDemand

Assessment of DemandAssessment of Demand

Order processing is dependent on the type of company

Order processing is dependent on the type of company

Offer

Notes:During the series manufacturing no offering or configuration process takes place. Instead series manufacturer build on stock, therefore anonymously to the customers. The products are produced on the base of prediction to meet the markets demands. The array of the products usually contains standardized products in different versions. The series manufacturing is used in a wide array of products.

On the other hand the variant manufacturer, after getting an enquiry, chooses one solution out of many already constructed solutions. The variant manufacturer is anxious to produce as little as possible in advance and to prevent order-specific elements. The manufacturing process starts after the individual order. The array of products contains customer specified products which are usually more complicated than products from the series manufacturer.

The order-specific manufacturer is always confronted with a great number of order-specific elements, which combined with existing technical solutions lead to a significant configuration problem. Partially new constructive solutions have to be developed during the creation of the offer.



Lecture 04


Order Processing

OfferOffer

New compilation of standard components

Unit Construction System

New compilation of standard components

Unit Construction System

Compilation of technical solutions

Compilation of technical solutions

Individual ComponentsIndividual ComponentsStandard componentsStandard components

Product by requirementProduct by

requirement

Variant manufacturerVariant manufacturer Order-specificmanufacturer

Order-specificmanufacturer

Individualtechnical solutionsschedulescalculationsconditions

Product by catalogueProduct by catalogue

Series manufacturerSeries manufacturer

with:specificationtimes of deliveryterms of deliveryprices

WarehouseWarehouse

Notes:Because of the possible compilation of different standard components by connecting individual components, the variant manufacturer is able to satisfy the customer's demand. Hereby it is possible for the variant manufacturer to offer a great number of different products on the market without additional construction efforts. Usually individual customer's wishes which are not part of a standard component are not considered.

However the order-specific manufacturer is able to consider special requests by individual customers. During the creation of the offer, technical solutions, schedules, calculations and conditions are acquired for each specific order.



Lecture 04


The Offer and Offer Preparatory Tasks

Customer requirements

Form of quotation

(technical) feasibility

Order acquisition and evaluation

Declaration of

Supplying/ offering company

Specifies benefits and terms of delivery

Scheudeling

Basis for negotiation

Offer

Text

Graphics

Total price, price of components, fixed price, target price

Delivery date

Validity date

Delivery procedures

Warrenty

Penality clauses

Compilation and documentation of the technical solutions

Calculation and pricing

Determination of times and terms of delivery

Terms of business

Notes:Through the offer the company shows that it has acquired the service and is able to find the right solution to the right conditions and the right schedule. The offer is the declaration of a company to deliver an appointed product to appointed conditions. The offer is temporary and is usually the basis for negotiations.



Lecture 04


Structure





Notes:



Lecture 04


Delivery Scheduling Tools

Rough scheduling proceduresRough scheduling procedures

Bar chart - procedure

Capacity scheduling - procedure

Bottleneck machine - procedure

Critical path planning

Notes:The different methods of critical path planning are very helpful tools to plan, coordinate and control complex processes, their logical links and schedules. The best known methods are Critical Path Planning (CPM), Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and the Metra-Potential-Method (MPM). (Eversheim 1996)

A good tool for the description of the duration and the chronology of the process is the bar chart procedure. This procedure is especially for smaller projects with a small amount of manufacturing steps and without complicated combinations. It is possible to create a bar chart automatically out of a critical path plan. Bar charts have a high clarity and they are easy to construct.

The capacity scheduling procedure is needed to calculate a theoretical capacity limit, while having a real and given capacity limit in mind. Already accepted orders and the conversion rate have to be considered during this procedure.

Planning principle for the bottleneck machine procedure is the bottleneck machine itself. The machine with the longest process time inside a production chain is characterized as the bottleneck machine.



Lecture 04


Scheduling of Offers Taking the Capacity Requirements of Quotes Previously Submitted into Account

orders accepted

capacity limit

capacity for further offers

theoretical capacity limit for offers (conversion rate 5:1)

quotes submitted

5.000

10.000

15.000

20.000

25.000

capa

city

(h/d

ay)

20 21 22 23 24 25t [calendar

week]

Notes:The shown possibility to schedule offers for companies with a low volume or piece production is called capacity scheduling procedure.Planning principle for this procedure are the capacity requirements of different products, the available manufacturing capacity, the conversion rate and the consumption of resources of already accepted orders.

Based on a given and real capacity limit it is possible to calculate a theoretically capacity limit while considering already accepted orders and the conversion rate.

The theoretically capacity limit is easily calculated by subtracting the fixed capacity and already accepted orders, multiplied by the conversion rate. The conversion rate is an indication for the number of submitted quotes which are averagely converted into concrete orders.

The difference between the theoretically capacity limit and already accepted orders results in the capacity for further orders. New orders are dispatched as soon as possible.

The capacity scheduling procedure guarantees an order process without interruptions.



Lecture 04


Approaches for Cost Determination

Cost-Determination

Differentiated evaluationallocation of costs according to input involved

Analogical approachestimation based on classification

E2B9621

Analyticalcalculation of individual parts

Estimationestimation based on experience

Knowledge-basedartificial intelligence

expert systems

Statisticaldeduce cost function

Parametrical

Cost function

f(x)=ax+bx2+...

Notes:Applied methods and computer-aided tools have to be adjusted to the allowed tolerance and to the probability of the order.

The effort of the cost determination of rough methods (estimation, differentiated evaluation, analogical approach) is compared to methods with a higher accuracy obviously lower.



Lecture 04


Quotation Costing MethodsQuotation costing methods

Determination of similar technical solutions

Production costs

Cost-per-kg-method Material cost method Calculation based on influencing factors

Calculation of individual parts

Basis: price per kg of similar products

Basis: cost structure of similar products

Basis: significant factors influencing the production costs

Basis: time value tables, wage rate, etc. of representative individual parts regarding costs

Determination of the price per kg of similar products

Determination of weight of the product to be calculated

Production costs = weight*price per kg

Determination of the cost structure of similar goods

Determination of material costs of the product to be calculated

Production costs= Σmaterial costs+%wages+%overhead costs

Cost analysis of similar products (determination of significant factors)

Generation of a cost function

Production costs= f(influencing factors)

Determination of representative new parts (regarding costs)

Determination of times, material prices wage rates, etc.

Production costs= Σproportion of material *material price + …

Notes:To generate an offer including the price, the amount of the production costs has to be well known.

If the calculated amount is higher than the actual size of the production costs, competitive prices are inhibited and the danger of fewer orders is high. On the other hand unprofitable orders might be accepted if the calculated production costs are below the actual costs.



Lecture 04


Problems Concerning the Clarification of Orders

Quality of the order clarification is strongly

dependent on the person processing it

High risk of overlooking certain solutions

Customer benefit of certain individual options can not be

emphasised sufficiently

Long cycle times in planning (business) units

Tardy and unspecific planning of the production flow

Customer Sales

Complexity of Products

Discrepancy between the need of explanation of

products and ability to explain of sales

Numerous iteration loops for the order clarification between

order processing unit and customer/sales

Notes:The difficulties of the offering phase partly originate in the imprecise customer's wishes.



Lecture 04


Structure





Notes:



Lecture 04


Potentials of Systematic Order Clarification and Configuration

Concretion of orders

60%

workflow

30-40%

60 - 80%

information deficit

nominal curve

assembly launch

actual curve

Indirect areas of business direct

100%

Notes:The lack of transparency between contractor and customer concerning individual products often results in a paucity of information, which is not resolved until the late phase of the order process.

This means that the production has already started although not all conditions are specified. Interruptions of the production combined with significant costs might be the result.

With the aid of the order configuration the paucity of information is resolved in an earlier point of the order process. This way interruptions can be avoided.

The order configuration assists to reduce the paucity of information. System-aided configuratorssupport an early order clarification.



Lecture 04


Product Configuration

Source: Schuh 2005

„Product configuration denotes the combination of products or system solutions based on standardized component parts and on configuration rules stored in a data base in accordance with specifications of customers.“

Definition

Notes:



Lecture 04


Objectives in Applying a Configuration System for Products

Source: Schuh 2005

Offer Confirmation of Order Technical release ProductionCustomerinquiry

50%

100%

Increase in degree of technical clarification

Increase in degree of technical clarification

Lead time reduction

Lead time reduction

OfferConfirmation

of OrderTechnicalrelease Production

Actual Status

Nominal Status

Notes:The essential benefits of a product configuration system are based on a customer-oriented product presentation, an improvement of the market reaction, a decrease of sales-cycles and a reduction of costs in connection with the acceptance of wrong configurated orders.

The processing time in pre-production areas is shortened by increasing the safety of the configuration and downsizing manual interfaces in the order process.

Introducing a product configurator affords an opportunity to redefine the communication with the customer, to develop a tightened relation to the customer and to improve the customer's satisfaction.



Lecture 04


Functionalities and Fields of Activity of Product Configurators

Source: Dangelmaier 2001; picture: Krauss-Maffei

Distribution-oriented user guidance decision-oriented process flow

selection of standard processes

rapid information transfer

Distribution-oriented user guidance decision-oriented process flow

selection of standard processes

rapid information transfer

Documentation of special requests

Documentation of special requests

Visualisationof products

Visualisationof products

Configuration of products by testing for technical incompatibilities and identification of entries in the bill of materials

Configuration of products by testing for technical incompatibilities and identification of entries in the bill of materials

Interactive Selling System (ISS), sale of complicated high-variety products via the internet

Interactive Selling System (ISS), sale of complicated high-variety products via the internet

Established clientele: customer and Selling Information System interface

Established clientele: customer and Selling Information System interface

On-site offer preparationOn-site offer preparation

Illustration of certain specifications

Illustration of certain specifications

Argumentative help (i.e. competitive products)

Argumentative help (i.e. competitive products)

Graphical user-interface

Graphical user-interface

Interfaces to PPS-, CAD-, CRM-, und ERP-systems

Interfaces to PPS-, CAD-, CRM-, und ERP-systems

Pricing (total price and special equipment price)

Pricing (total price and special equipment price)

Notes:



Lecture 04


Different types of modules

mandatory modulesdiscretionary modules

mixed system

Order-specificfunction

“Non-module”

unpredictable

modular design

fundamental,recurring,universal

conjunctiveoutstanding,

supplementary,expanding

imprecise,determinable

in all parts

Overall functionvariants

Implementationvariants

assembly groupmachine

plant

Basicfunctions

Auxiliaryfunctions

Specialfunctions

Adaptablefunctions

Basicmodules

Auxiliarymodules

Specialmodules

Adaptablemodules

special, only in specific cases, leads to mixed systems

Notes:Modules are the basis on which a product configurator system is build. These modules allow to construct the corresponding product. The modular design allows to combine different modules, whereby a large number of different products can be assembled without the effort of construction.

Assembly groups, machines or plants are build up from basic and auxiliary modules. To extend the functionality of the machines, special and adaptable modules are added.

A random combination of the individual modules among each other is not necessarily possible. Those combinatory prohibitions are stored in the configurator, so that the user can configuratepossible products only.

To build up a configuration the accumulation of modules is required.



Lecture 04


Module Building Set with Standard Products, Standard Variants and Variants to develop

standard module released module

module can be derived by modification new or not released module

variantsm

odul

e

Notes:



Lecture 04


Customer Requirements are Reflected in the Product Structure (e.g. Matrix-Method)

Connections and interdependencies between Functions

Current and future functions

Interdependencies betweenfunctions and modules

(principal/subordinate) module

neutral and non-neutralinterfaces between modules

Notes:In accordance to satisfy a big part of the market with the product varieties, the configurable product structure has to be adjusted to the customer's needs. The Matrix-Method is one possibility to reflect the product structure with the customer's needs.

This methods helps visualizing combinatory prohibitions and combinatory commandments between modules and functions. In addition the matrix-notation allows to combine functions with appropriate modules.



Lecture 04


Module Development and Design in accordance with Different Business Units

Source: Schuh 2005

modular structure Sales-/

customer-perspective

non-order related pre-assembly

optimal lot size

Manufacturing-/purchase perspective

R&D-perspective

Assembly-perspectiveassembly module

customer module

net benefit for

customers

functional complexes

Notes:During the development of the modules several perceptions have to be considered.



Lecture 04


Configuration Process

Source: Schuh 2005

list of customer requirements(completed checklist or specification sheet)

revised list of customer requirements

completed scan

data base of components

dependency rules

varied functional components

with estimated costs

functional components with forecasted costs

selection of optimal functional components

product calculation legend: computer-aided methods

functional componentswith existing costs

selection of optimal functional components, or new configuration

compilation of cost-oriented product configuration

search for conformal functional components within data base

conflict resolution

translation into distinctive scanning features

supplemental and specificationof customer requirements

Notes:The first step in the configuration process is the acquisition of the customer's requirements on the product. Checklists help to receive the necessary details and to fix them in an appropriate form for the order. At the same time the functional configuration-relevant orders has to be minded. After revising and making sure that the customer requirements are technically practicable, the computer-aided configuration process begins.

The effect of the input is a selection of product configuration components which are converted into a list of items-structure by the system. This list is available for the process plan and it's preparation.

This process, automatically accomplished by the configurator, is based on product characteristics as well as connection-functions. Furthermore the configuration process is supported by an early basis configuration and gained experience from knowledge data bases.

If the final product configuration exists, the product calculation based on price tables in the system is going to be accomplished.



Lecture 04


Variants-Configuration Process

Source: Dangelmaier 2001

Corporate activitiesCorporate activitiesCustomer activitiesCustomer activities Product configurationProduct configuration

Evaluation by sales-ID and engineering

If necessary:special design

Confirmation of order

PPS-dispatching based on SLPL

Clarification ofrequirements

Selection of astandard product

Selection of variants and characteristics according to

detailed requirements

Compilation of single level parts list (SLPS) by the

product configurator

Cost analysis

Transformation of SLPS into a technical offer-part

Completion of the offer

Offer to customerOffer

Validation

Notes:



Lecture 04


3 Methodological Approaches of Product Configurators

Source: Schuh 2005

rule-based configurators– body of rules and regulations (complex dependencies, preclusions,

validations and calculations), configuration of customer without help of sales

interaction-based configurators- intermediate stage -– configuration by customer and/ or sales person (complex products

(e.g. machine tools), limited combinatory variety

knowledge-based configurators– sales and engineering knowledge, for cases when configurational

variety is extremely large, extremely complex objects (e.g. planning of industrial plants), illustration in the system is neither realizable nor advisable

Criteria for classification/differentiation: Where is the comprehensive configurational knowledge located?

Notes:



Lecture 04


Procedure for Establishing Configurational Knowledge

Source: Benett 1999

Classification of the range of products in focus

Accumulation of information and structuring

Establishment of an information base

Linkage of assembly groups and specifications

of characteristics

Depositation of combinatorics between

assembly groups

Depositation of non-order-related information

(prices, product information)

Listing of product characteristics and specifications

charact. specifications

1 a2 a

bb c

..

Classification of assembly groups:

basic (B)mandatory (M)discretional (D)special (S)

assembly groups

BG 2 X

M S

XBG 5

BXBG 1

BG 4 X

D

XBG 3

Notes:An adjusted product structure is the basis for the construction of a product configurator. Through an appropriate modularization and standardization an assembly group structure, which variety accomplishes the customer's wishes, has to be found.

It is reasonable to include not only the „technical sensible“ product varieties but also economically speaking the optimal solution. Explicit decision criterions have to be developed.

In order to make the complexity of the product configurators controllable for the user, graphically browser, which display the single objects and object's connections through icons and structure-knots, asserted themselves.



Lecture 04


Order Configuration –from a Non-Order-Related to a Customer-Specific Order Structure

Source: Gross 1990

SP 1SP 2

V2

V3

?

V 1

V4

Stop

4713

MV 4712

V1 V2

SP 1 SP 2 MV 4711

V3 V4

4713

MV 4712

V1 V2

SP 1 SP 2 MV 4711

V3 V4

Non-order- and non-customer-related product structure

Customer-specific order structure

Order clarification

legend:

MV = mandatory variantV = variant

structure chart

SP = single partorder parts list

Notes:A structure chart is an interrogation-logic. All possible combinations of characteristics and specifications, which describe a product type, are deflected. Through the interrogation-logic an order neutral product structure is converted into a customer specified product structure.



Lecture 04


Structure





Notes:



Lecture 04


Configuration Example (1/7)

Source: Audi 2008

model

Notes:



Lecture 04



enginepetrol

4,2 FSI quattro

Source: Audi 2008

Notes:



Lecture 04



Specification of functions from a customer point of view

characteristics specifications

Source: Audi 2008

Notes:



Lecture 04



combinatory prohibitions

Source: Audi 2008

Notes:



Lecture 04



complete configuration

Source: Audi 2008

Notes:



Lecture 04



fuel typecylinder capacity

# cylinders# valves

KW

Nmexhaust gas

gearbox

region

…

Otto4,2832171

450EU3

multitronic

EU

…

…………

191

650EU4

tiptronic

Japan

…

…………

240

440EU2B

…

…

…

…………

257

…D4…

…

…

……………

………

…

…

……………

………

…

…

……………

………

…

…


Engine configuration:

engine type 4711 product line: 4,2l FSI quattro

Notes:



Lecture 04



1 0 6 A 1 0 3 0 1 1 A B Z Y L . K U R B E L G E H A E U S E 11 0 6 A 1 0 3 1 5 4 B S P R I T Z D U E S E 11 0 6 A 1 0 3 1 7 1 B D I C H T F L A N S C H 11 0 3 8 1 0 3 1 7 1 E D I C H T F L A N S C H 11 0 3 8 1 0 3 1 7 1 B D I C H T F L A N S C H 11 0 6 A 1 1 5 1 2 5 R O L L E N K E T T E 11 0 6 A 1 1 5 1 3 0 K E T T E N S P A N N E R 11 0 6 A 1 0 5 0 2 1 F K U R B E L W E L L E 11 0 6 A 1 1 5 1 2 1 K E T T E N R A D 11 0 6 A 1 0 5 2 0 9 K E T T E N R A D 11 0 5 0 1 0 5 1 8 9 B G E B E R R A D 11 0 2 6 1 0 5 6 3 5 A A N L A U F S C H E I B E 11 0 6 B 1 0 5 5 6 1 H A U P T L A G E R 11 0 6 A 1 1 5 1 0 5 B O E L P U M P E 11 0 6 A 1 1 5 2 5 1 S A U G L E I T U N G 11 0 6 B 1 0 3 6 2 3 E S C H W A L L W A N D 11 0 6 A 1 0 3 6 3 4 F U E H R U N G S R O H R 11 0 3 4 1 0 5 7 0 1 P L E U E L L A G E R 11 0 3 4 1 0 5 7 0 1 B P L E U E L L A G E R 11 0 6 A 1 0 7 0 6 5 A B K O L B E N M I T R I N G E 11 0 2 7 1 0 5 4 0 1 C P L E U E L S T A N G E 11 0 2 7 1 0 5 4 0 1 J P L E U E L S T A N G E 11 0 3 8 1 0 3 6 0 1 M O E L W A N N E 11 1 J 0 9 0 7 6 6 0 B S E N S O R 11 0 6 A 9 0 6 4 3 3 L I M P U L S G E B E R 11 0 6 A 9 0 6 4 3 3 G I M P U L S G E B E R 11 0 3 0 9 0 5 3 7 7 C K L O P F S E N S O R 11 0 5 8 1 0 3 3 8 3 K Z Y L I N D E R K O P F D I C H T . 11 0 6 A 1 0 3 3 5 3 P Z Y L I N D E R K O P F 11 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 6 3 A A Z U E N D K E R Z E 11 0 5 0 1 2 1 1 1 3 C T H E R M O S T A T / K U E H L W A S S E R R E G L . 11 0 6 A 1 1 5 4 0 5 A H O E L F I L T E R H A L T E R 11 0 6 A 1 0 3 6 6 3 B E I N F U E H R T R I C H T E R 11 0 6 A 1 0 3 2 2 7 A T E N T L U E F T U N G 11 0 5 8 1 0 3 5 5 5 B A B S C H I R M T E I L 11 0 6 A 1 0 3 4 6 9 S Z Y L I N D E R K O P F H A U B E 11 0 5 8 1 0 3 3 6 5 T R A N S P O R T L A S C H E 11 0 2 6 1 0 3 4 8 5 O E L V E R S C H L U S S D E C K . 11 0 2 6 1 0 3 4 8 5 A O E L V E R S C H L U S S D E C K . 11 0 6 A 9 1 9 0 8 1 A O E L D R U C K S C H A L T E R 11 0 6 A 9 1 9 0 8 1 A O E L D R U C K S C H A L T E R 11 0 2 8 1 1 7 0 2 1 B O E L K U E H L E R 11 0 6 A 1 1 5 5 6 1 B W E C H S E L F I L T E R 11 0 6 B 1 0 9 1 1 1 Z A H N R I E M E N R A D 11 0 6 A 1 0 5 2 6 3 D Z A H N R I E M E N R A D 11 0 5 8 1 0 3 7 2 8 A B E F E S T I G U N G S T E I L 11 0 6 A 1 2 1 1 3 2 D W A S S E R S T U T Z E N 11 0 7 8 9 1 9 5 0 1 C T E M P E R A T U R G E B E R 11 0 6 B 1 0 9 2 4 3 D S P A N N R O L L E 11 0 6 A 1 3 1 0 9 8 M K O M B I V E N T I L 11 0 6 A 1 3 3 0 6 2 C D R O S S E L K L A P P E N S T U . 11 K R A F T S T . S A M M E L L T G . 11 0 6 B 1 0 9 4 7 7 R I E M E N S P A N N E R 11 0 6 B 1 0 9 1 1 9 A Z A H N R I E M E N 11 0 6 B 1 0 9 1 1 9 B Z A H N R I E M E N 1

Z Y L I N D E R K O P F D I CZ Y L I N D E R K O P FZ U E N D K E R Z E

Engine type 4711 Cylinder head

Crank shaft

Oil pump

Parts list motor type 4711

Automatically generated, individually bill of materials

H A U P T L A G E R

K U R B E L W E L L E

fuelcubic capacity

# cylinders# valves

KWHPNm

exhaust gas

gearing

region

…

Otto1,845

110150210EU4

B80

EU

…

…………

115157235EU3

B80q

Japan

…

…………

125170280

EU2B

MQ350

…

…

…………

132180…D4

…

…

…

…………

165225……

…

…

…

……………………

…

…

…

…………

………

…

…

…


Notes:



Lecture 04

Final Statement:

• Basics of the offer preparation

- Order Processing

- Tasks of the offer preparation

• Rough scheduling procedures

- Capacity scheduling procedure

- Bar chart-procedure

- Bottleneck machine-procedure

- Critical path planning

• Methods to calculate the production costs

- Cost-per-kg-method

- Material cost method

- Calculation based on influencing factors

- Calculation of individual parts

• Product-configurators

- Potentials of Systematic Order Clarification an Configuration

- Tasks

- Modular constructions



Lecture 04

Questions:

What are the essential differences between a series manufacturing, a variant manufacturing an a order-specific manufacturer?

What are important tasks at the offer preparation?

How can you calculate the theoretical capacity limit for offers?

What the meaning of the conversion rate?

Please name different methods to calculate the production costs.

Please describe problems concerning the clarification of orders.

How get the potential at the clarification of orders with the help of prduct-configurators release?

Outline or describe the configuration-process!



Lecture 04

Bibliography:

Audi 2007: Audi AG: Online-Produktkonfigurator. URL:http://www.audi.de/audi/de/de2/neuwagen.html [Stand: Januar 2008]

Benett, S.: Komplexitätsmanagement in der Investitionsgüterindustrie. Dissertation der Universität St. Gallen, 1999.

Dangelmaier, W.: Marktspiegel Customer Relationship Management. Anbietervon CRM-Software im Vergleich. Gabler Verlag, 2001

Eversheim, W.; Schuh, .G.: Betriebshütte – Produktion und Management. Teil2, 7., völlig neu bearbeitete Auflage, Springer-Verlag, 1996

Gross, M.: Planung der Auftragsabwicklung komplexer, variantenreicherProdukte. Dissertation an der RWTH Aachen, 1990

Schuh, G.: Produktkomplexität managen – Strategien, Methoden, Tools. 2. überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage, Hanser-Verlag, 2005

laboratory for machine tools and production engineering path planning (cpm), program evaluation and...

Documents