1

LAB MANUAL

ON DATA

COMMUNICATION NETWORK

2

ABOUT THE SUBJECT amp ITS LAB MANUAL

Importance of subject

Information and communication are two of the most important strategic issues for the success of every enterprise

While today nearly every organization uses a substantial number of computers and communication tools (like telephone or fax) they are often still isolated While managers today are able to use applications like wordprocessors or spreadsheets not very many of them use computer-based tools to communicate with other departments or information retrieval programs

To overcome these obstacles in an effective usage of information technology computer networks are necessary They are a new kind (one might call it paradigm) of organization of computer systems produced by the need to merge computers and communications At the same time they are the means to converge the two areas the unnecessary distinction between tools to process and store information and tools to collect and transport information can disappear Computer networks can manage to put down the barriers between information held on several (not only computer) systems Only with the help of computer networks can a borderless communication and information environment be built

Computer networks allow the user to access remote programs and remote databases either of the same organization or from other enterprises or public sources Computer networks provide communication possibilities faster than other facilities Because of these optimal information and communication

possibilities computer networks may increase the organizational learning rate which many authors declare as the only fundamental advantage in competition

Besides this major reason why any organization should not fail to have a computer network there are other reasons as well

cost reduction by sharing hard- and software resources high reliability by having multiple sources of supply cost reduction by downsizing to microcomputer-based networks instead of using mainframes greater flexibility because of possibility to connect devices from various vendors

3

BASICS OF THE SUBJECT

bull Computer network A collection of computing devices that are connected in various ways in order to communicate and share resources Usually the connections between computers in a network are made using physical wires or cablesHowever some connections are wireless using radio waves or infrared signals

bull The generic term node or host refers to any device on a networkbull Data transfer rate The speed with which data is moved from one place on a network to another bull Data transfer rate is a key issue in computer networksbull Computer networks have opened up an entire frontier in the world of computing called the

clientserver model bull File server A computer that stores and manages files for multiple users on a networkbull Web server A computer dedicated to responding to requests (from the browser client) for web pages

bull Local-area network (LAN) A network that connects a relatively small number of machines in a relatively close geographical area

bull Various configurations called topologies have been used to administer LANs

bull Ring topology A configuration that connects all nodes in a closed loop on which messages travel in one direction

bull Star topology A configuration that centers around one node to which all others are connected and through which all messages are sent

bull Bus topology All nodes are connected to a single communication line that carries messages in both directions

bull

bull

Wide-area network (WAN) A network that connects two or more local-area networks over a potentially large geographic distance Often one particular node on a LAN is set up to serve as a gateway to handle all communication going between that LAN and other networks Communication between networks is called internetworking The Internet as we know it today is essentially the ultimate wide-area network spanning the entire globe

bull Metropolitan-area network (MAN) The communication infrastructures that have been developed in and around large cities

Types of Networks

A bus technology called Ethernet has become the industry standard for local-area networks

Figure 152 Various network topologies

15-10

4

WHO IS OWNER OF INTERNET

bull Well nobody does No single person or company owns the Internet or even controls it entirely As a wide-area network it is made up of many smaller networks These smaller networks are often owned and managed by a person or organization The Internet then is really defined by how connections can be made between these networks

bull Internet backbone A set of high-speed networks that carry Internet trafficThese networks are provided by companies such as ATampT GTE and IBM

bull Internet service provider (ISP) A company that provides other companies or individuals with access to the Internet

bull There are various technologies available that you can use to connect a home computer to the Internet bull A phone modem converts computer data into an analog audio signal for transfer over a

telephone line and then a modem at the destination converts it back again into databull A digital subscriber line (DSL) uses regular copper phone lines to transfer digital data to and

from the phone companyrsquos central officebull A cable modem uses the same line that your cable TV signals come in on to transfer the data

back and forth bull Broadband A connection in which transfer speeds are faster than 128 bits per second

bull DSL connections and cable modems are broadband connectionsbull The speed for downloads (getting data from the Internet to your home computer) may not be

the same as uploads (sending data from your home computer to the Internet)bull Proprietary system A system that uses technologies kept private by a particular commercial vendorbull One system couldnrsquot communicate with another leading to the need for Interoperabilitybull The ability of software and hardware on multiple machines and from multiple commercial vendors

to communicate Leading to Open systems Systems based on a common model of network architecture and a suite of protocols used in its implementation

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) established the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model

Each layer deals with a particular aspect of network communication

Network protocols are layered such that each one relies on the protocols that underlie it

Sometimes referred to as a protocol stack

5

bull TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol

TCP software breaks messages into packets hands them off to the IP software for delivery and then orders and reassembles the packets at their destination

bull IP stands for Internet Protocol IP software deals with the routing of packets through the maze of interconnected networks to their

final destinationbull UDP stands for User Datagram Protocol

ndash It is an alternative to TCPndash The main difference is that TCP is highly reliable at the cost of decreased performance

while UDP is less reliable but generally faster

6

DEVELOPMENT OF SKILLS

Objective of Computer Network is designated to perform computer system installation preventive and corrective maintenance and computer network installation Computer Network provide remote technical support perform administrative functions and supervisory functions It is designed to prepare student towards a world of computers and networking student would be led through a series of experiment aimed at providing necessary exposure to establishing connections right through to troubleshooting of networking problems Upon completion of this lab student would have gained the ability to perform following work function

Maintain files on a network server Monitor system performance Assist others with network problems Maintain machines attached to the network Modify software based on user need

The objective of curriculum implementation is to develop the desired skills in the students so that they can solve the field problems These skills can be developed through classroom teaching laboratory work drawing assignments and visits There are two major skills ie intellectual skills and motor skills The intellectual skills related to thinking and motor skills related to physical actions of the learner The laboratory is the place where focus can be given on development of these skills After undergoing through the laboratory experiments it is expected that following skills should be developed in the students

1 Intellectual Skillsa Identification of various devicesb Use amp working principle of these devicesc Application of various fieldsd Practical knowledge about the problems

7

INSTRUCTIONS FOR STUDENTS

Students shall read the points given below for understanding the theoretical concepts and practical applications

1 Listen carefully to the lecture given by the teacher about importance of subject curriculum philosophy graphical structure skills to be developed information about equipment instruments procedure method of continuous assessment tentative plan of work in laboratory and total amount of work to be done in a year

2 Students shall undergo study visit of the laboratory for types of equipment instruments material to be used before performing the experiments

3 Read the write up of each experiment to be performed a day in advance4 Understand the purpose of experiment and its practical implications5 Students should not hesitate to ask any difficulty faced during conduct of practicalexercise6 The students shall study all the questions given in the laboratory manual and practice to write the

answers to those questions7 Students shall visit the recommended industries and should study the know how of the shop floor

practices and operations of machines8 Students shall develop maintenance skills as expected by the industries9 Students should develop the habit of group discussion related to the experiment to exchange their

knowledge10 Students shall attempt to develop related hands on skills and gain confidence11 Students shall focus on development of skills rather than theoretical or codified knowledge12 Students shall insist for the completion of recommended laboratory work industrial visits answers

to the given question etc13 Students shall develop the habit of evolving more ideas innovations skills etc than included in the

scope of the manual14 Student shall refer technical magazines proceedings of the seminars refer websites related to the

scope of the subjects and update their knowledge and skills15 Student should develop the habit of not to depend totally on teachers but to develop self-learning

techniques16 Students should develop habit to submit the practical exercise continuously and progressively on the

scheduled dates and should get the assessment done17 Students should be well prepared while submitting the write up of the exercise This will develop the

continuity of the studies and he will not be overloaded at the end of the term

8

Sample of index for practical

Name of Experiment Date of perform

Date of submission

Signature

1 Crimping rj-45 connectors

2 Install a WLAN Adapter Card in personal computer

3 To make a wireless Access Point connection

4 Introduction of Adhoc Network

5 Introduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

6 Introduction to NETSTAT commonds used in Computer Network

7 Introduction to PATHPING commonds used in Computer Network

8 Introduction to IPCONFIG commonds used in Computer Network

9 Install a wired network adapter card in personal computer

9

EXPERIMENT NO-1

AIM CRIMPING RJ-45 CONNECTORS

APPARATUS

1-Cable2-RJ_45 connectors3-Utility knife4-Crimping tool5-Cable tester6-Two pair of tweezer THEORY RJ-45 connectors are normally used in telephone and network cables Occasionally they are used for serial network connections When the RJ-45 connectors first came into use they were primarily used for telephones The great advances in technology created a need for another size connector and the RJ-45 was adapted to fit Today there are 2 different RJ-45 connector sizes available one for Cat 5 cable and second for Cat 6 cable The user has to make sure they have the one suited to their job The easiest way to

tell them apart is to compare them side by side The Cat 6 connector is larger than the Cat 5 connector

10

Fig11 rj-45 connector

procedure 1 Cut your cable and strip about 1rdquo of the outer jacket off the tip Remove the cablersquos cover

2 Strip 1 to 2 inches (25 to 51 cm) of the outer skin at the end of the cable wire by making a shallow cut in the skin with a utility knife Run the knife around the cable and the jacket should slide off easily There will be 4 pairs of twisted wires exposed each of them a different color or color combination

Orange-white striped and solid orange Green-white striped and solid green Blue-white striped and solid blue Brown-white striped and solid brown

11

3 Fold each pair of wires backwards to expose the core of the cable Cut off the core and discard Straighten the twisted wires using 2 pair of tweezers Grasp a wire beneath a bend with 1 pair of tweezers and use the other pair to gently straighten the bend The straighter your wires the easier your job will be

4cut away the excess wires from then end using crimping tool

5 Insert the wire tips with the insert as far into the connector as possible The lip of the insert should be pointed down in the diagram to the left Squeeze the outer jacket into the connector as well until it reaches the jacket clamp on the connector

12

6 Insert the plug into crimper and push down the crimp tool

Obsevation You should end up with a finished connector with the gold contacts pushed in place and the outer jacket of the cable secured to the connector by the jacket clamp Arrange the conductors in the order shown

13

FOR 568A CONFIGURATION WhiteGreen Green WhiteOrange Blue WhiteBlue Orange WhiteBrown BrownFOR 568B CONFIGURATION WhiteOrange Orange WhiteGreen Blue WhiteBlue Green WhiteBrown Brown

Result

Precaution When inserting the untwisted wires into the RJ-45 connector press the cord beneath the

untwisted wires between your thumb and forefinger to help keep the wires straight

Conclusion

14

15

EXPERIMENT NO-2

AIM Install a wireless network adapter

APPARATUS 1-Desktop or Laptop PC

2-One D-Link AirPlus G+ Wireless Utility Adapter Networ Interface Card

3-One PC installed with a Microsoft Operating System

4-One Screwdriver for PCI card installation

THEORYA wireless local area network(LAN) is a flexible data communications system implemented as an extension to or as an alternative for a wired LAN

Using radio frequency (RF) technology wireless LANs transmit and receive data over the air minimizing the need for wired connections Thus combining data connectivity with user mobility Provides the link between a computer and the network

Requires a device driver to perform both data-link and physical layer functions Plugs into a bus slot or universal serial bus (USB) port on a computer Also referred to as a network interface card (NIC)

a) They use specialized physical and data link protocols

b) They integrate into existing networks through access points which provide a bridging function

c) They let you stay connected as you roam from one coverage area to another

d) They have unique security considerations

e) They have specific interoperability requirements

16

f) They require different hardware

g) They offer performance that differs from wired LANs

TRANSMISSION FUNCTIONS

Network interface adapters perform the following functions during data transmission

a) Data transfer buffering and encapsulation

b) Media Access Control (MAC)

c) Parallel serial conversion

d) Signal encoding and amplification

Procedure

StepA How to determine if you have a wireless network adapter

1 Before using your computer check to see if it already has a wireless network adapter2 To find out whether you already have a wireless network adapter

3 Click Start and then click Control Panel4 Click Network and Internet Connections5 Under or pick a Control Panel icon click Network Connections6 Microsoft Windows XP displays your network adapters Wireless network adapters are

labeled Wireless Network Connection If an adapter displays a red X it is disconnected If the Network Connections window is blank your computer doesnt yet have a wired or wireless network adapter

If you already have a wireless network adapter you can set up your wireless network

NOTE If your portable computer has a built-in wireless network adapter but it doesnt appear to be enabled or working check the back front and sides of the computer for a wireless adapter switch Many laptops include a switch so that you can turn the adapter off to reduce battery consumption

StepB How to install a wireless USB network adapter

1 Adding a USB wireless network adapter is by far the easiest way to install an adapter2 To install a wireless USB network adapter

3 Before purchasing a wireless USB network adapter find an available USB port on your computer

4 Purchase a wireless USB network adapter

17

5 If you had to shut down your computer to get to the USB port you can now turn on your computer Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

6 Connect your USB adapter to the unused USB port on your computer7 After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then

notifies you when installation is finished8 If you are installing a wireless network adapter with a separate antenna place the antenna

in a location where you can get a clear wireless signal Typically you will get a stronger signal (and a faster network connection) if you place your antenna away from walls and in a location where it is not blocked by your monitor or computer

Now you can set up your wireless network

StepC How to install a wireless CardBus or CF (compact flash) network adapter

1 Many portable computers have either a CardBus or CF card slot (theyre the same thing but the CF card slot is slightly newer and smaller) CardBus and CF cards are more convenient and easier to travel with than USB network adapters for portable computers because the card fits neatly into a slot on the side of your computer

2 To install a wireless CardBus or CF network adapter

3 Purchase a wireless CardBus or CF network adapter4 Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the

manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

5 Insert your network adapter into a slot on your computer6 After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then

notifies you when installation is finished

StepD How to install a wireless internal network adapter

1 Internal network adapters are more complicated to install than USB network adapters because they go inside your computer Also they can be installed only in desktop computers that have a space (generally called a slot) available If you are not comfortable opening your computers case you can have a technician install the hardware

2 To install a wireless internal network adapter

3 If your computer has an available slot purchase a wireless internal network adapter4 Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the

manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

5 On the Start menu click Turn Off Computer and then click Turn Off

18

6 After your computer shuts down make note of where each cable is connected to the back of your computer A handy way to do this is to tape a note to each cable with a number or letter on it and put a matching note next to the spot on your computer where the cable plugs in Then unplug all cables from your computer

7 Lay your computer on a desk table or other flat surface Follow the manufacturers instructions to open your computer Depending on the case you may need to remove screws on the back of your computer Unlike a watch or TV most manufacturers design computers so that users can open them up

8 The slots are located at the back of the computer typically in the bottom section of the case Locate an empty slot that fits your card If necessary remove the small metal panel covering the opening of the slot and save the screw

9 Remove the antenna from the network adapter10 Touch an unpainted portion of your computers case to discharge any static electricity

Then carefully insert the network adapter into the open slot Gently wiggle the card back and forth until it rests firmly in the slot

11 Replace the screw that you removed in step 6 to hold the card in place12 Attach the antenna to the network adapter13 Close the computer case14 Reconnect all cables to your computer start your computer and log on to Windows

After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then notifies you when installation is finished

15 The Service Set Identifier (SSID) is a unique identifier that stations must use to be able to communicate with an AP The SSID can be any alphanumeric entry up to a maximum of 32 characters

Obsevation Network adopter signal can be check from control panel

19

Result

Precaution Notice the different shape on the right hand side of the cards

Which card is located in the top of the graphic

Which card is located on bottom

Conclusion

EXPERIMENT NO -3

AIM TO MAKE WIRELESS ADHOC NETWORK

APPARATUS

1-Wireless lan adapter card

2-PC(SP2)

THEORY An ad hoc network is a temporary connection between computers and devices used for a specific purpose such as sharing documents during a meeting or playing multiple-player computer games You can also temporarily share an Internet connection with other people on your ad hoc network so those people donrsquot have to set up their own Internet connections Ad hoc networks can only be wireless so you must have a wireless network adapter installed in your computer to set up or join an ad hoc network

Procedure

PART A- FOR WINDOW ndashXP

20

1-install the wireless lan adapter card setup

2-Click Start and then click Control Panel

3 Under Pick a category click Network and Internet Connections

4 Under or pick a Control Panel icon click Network Connections

5 Right-click your wireless network connection and then click Properties

6 In the Wireless Network Connection Properties dialog box click the Wireless Networks tab

21

7 On the Wireless Networks tab under Preferred networks click Add

8 In the Wireless network properties dialog box on the Association tab type the name of your ad hoc wireless network in Network name (SSID) box (shown in step 10) For example you could name your wireless network shiva

22

9 Clear the The key is provided for me automatically check box and select the This is a computer-to-computer (ad hoc) network check box

10 Create a 13-digit password and type it in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes For the best security include letters numbers and punctuation Then click OK

11 Click OK again to save your changes

Part 2 Manually configure an IP address on computer A

1 Right click Wireless Network Connection and select Properties

2On General tab please double click Internet Protocol (TCPIP)

23

3Tick Use the following IP address and input the IP address and Subnet mask Then click OK

4Click close on Wireless Network Connection Properties window

24

Part 3 Scan for Ad Hoc network on computer B

1Right click Wireless Network Connection select View available wireless networks

2Find shiva (which is set up on computer A) network in the scan window Then double click it and click connect Anyway

25

Part 4 Manually configure an IP address on computer BThe steps are the same as which were done on computer A (Step 5 to Step 8) The point is that we need assign a different IP address for computer B and it must be in the same subnet with computer A In our scenario we can take 1921681202552552550

26

Here until all the basic settings for building an Ad Hoc network have been finished If we open the network scan window again we can see the adhoc test network says Connected

Obsevation If the computer you want to add to your network does not have built-in wireless network support install a wireless network adapter

Windows XP automatically detects the new adapter and notifies you that it found a wireless network

27

Now connect your computer to your wireless network

Note These steps apply only if youre using Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) Right-click the Wireless Network icon in the lower right corner of your screen and then click View Available Wireless Networks

Result

Precaution

1If you run into any problems consult the documentation that came with your network adapter Dont be afraid to call the manufacturers technical support department for help

2The Wireless Network Connection window appears and displays your wireless network listed with the SSID you chose If you dont see your network click Refresh Network List in the upper left corner Click your network and then click Connect in the lower right corner

3Windows XP prompts you to enter a key Type your encryption key in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes and then click Connect

Windows XP shows its progress as it connects to your network After youre connected you can close the Wireless Network Connection window

Conclusion

28

EXPERIMENT NO-4AimTo make a Wireless Access Point connectionApparatus

29

1-Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT

2-PC

3-Access Point Adapter

Theory Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have become a popular choice in network installations Implementing a WLAN is simple because installation is generally limited to installing building mounted antennas and placing the access points (AP)Local Area Networks (LANs) will quickly become a mixture of wired and wireless systems depending on the network needs

procedure

1 Open the network connection properties

2 Then open the local area connection properties

30

3Now select the internet protocol(TCPIP) and then click on the properties

31

4 Now enter different IP address from Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS

POINT and click on subnet mask then click ok

5 Open the internet explorer and input the ip addess of Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT (http10001) in the address bar

6 Double click on setup wizard

32

7 now enter the user name as admin

33

8 Now click on next tab

9 Enter the SSID (name) and select the channel and click on next

34

10 For Wep Encryption we use 10 bit hexadecimal code otherwise select the disabled now click the next botton

11 Setup will be complete

35

ObsevationThe following window will display on screen

Result

Precaution Wep Encryption key should be 10-bit hexadecimal

Conclusion The Access Point have established

36

EXPERIMENT NO-5

AIMIntroduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with internet connection

Theory Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands Ping allows a user to ping another network IP address This can help determine if the network is able to communicate with the network Helps in determining TCPIP Networks IP address as well as determine issues with the network and assists in resolving them See the ping definition for a full description

Availability

The pingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft

operating systems

Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7

PING CommandPing is a basic Internet program that lets you verify that a particular IP address exists and can accept requests The verb ping means the act of using the ping utility or command Ping is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer you are trying to reach is actually operating Various options available in the ping commandOption

-t rarrrepetitively send packets-nrarr number of echo to be sent

-lrarr sending buffer size [Max 65500 bytes]-frarr Dont fragment If this option is provided then the packet should not be fragmented and should be sent as it is-r rarrcount 1048774 record route for count hops [3rd layer device]-jrarr loose source route [Optionally it can follow different route]-krarr strict source route [MUST follow the route specified by us]

Note For loopback address you can ping it and get returns even when you are offline (not connected to any network) If you dont get any valid replies then theres a problem with the computers Network settingsExample In order to send a packet to a host [1921682301] with size of 60000 bytes each We wish to send the packets repetitivelyping -t -l 60000 1921682301rarr In order to send a packet with a size of 1000 bytes and donrsquot permit fragmenting

2

ABOUT THE SUBJECT amp ITS LAB MANUAL

Importance of subject

Information and communication are two of the most important strategic issues for the success of every enterprise

While today nearly every organization uses a substantial number of computers and communication tools (like telephone or fax) they are often still isolated While managers today are able to use applications like wordprocessors or spreadsheets not very many of them use computer-based tools to communicate with other departments or information retrieval programs

To overcome these obstacles in an effective usage of information technology computer networks are necessary They are a new kind (one might call it paradigm) of organization of computer systems produced by the need to merge computers and communications At the same time they are the means to converge the two areas the unnecessary distinction between tools to process and store information and tools to collect and transport information can disappear Computer networks can manage to put down the barriers between information held on several (not only computer) systems Only with the help of computer networks can a borderless communication and information environment be built

Computer networks allow the user to access remote programs and remote databases either of the same organization or from other enterprises or public sources Computer networks provide communication possibilities faster than other facilities Because of these optimal information and communication

possibilities computer networks may increase the organizational learning rate which many authors declare as the only fundamental advantage in competition

Besides this major reason why any organization should not fail to have a computer network there are other reasons as well

cost reduction by sharing hard- and software resources high reliability by having multiple sources of supply cost reduction by downsizing to microcomputer-based networks instead of using mainframes greater flexibility because of possibility to connect devices from various vendors

3

BASICS OF THE SUBJECT

bull Computer network A collection of computing devices that are connected in various ways in order to communicate and share resources Usually the connections between computers in a network are made using physical wires or cablesHowever some connections are wireless using radio waves or infrared signals

bull The generic term node or host refers to any device on a networkbull Data transfer rate The speed with which data is moved from one place on a network to another bull Data transfer rate is a key issue in computer networksbull Computer networks have opened up an entire frontier in the world of computing called the

clientserver model bull File server A computer that stores and manages files for multiple users on a networkbull Web server A computer dedicated to responding to requests (from the browser client) for web pages

bull Local-area network (LAN) A network that connects a relatively small number of machines in a relatively close geographical area

bull Various configurations called topologies have been used to administer LANs

bull Ring topology A configuration that connects all nodes in a closed loop on which messages travel in one direction

bull Star topology A configuration that centers around one node to which all others are connected and through which all messages are sent

bull Bus topology All nodes are connected to a single communication line that carries messages in both directions

bull

bull

Wide-area network (WAN) A network that connects two or more local-area networks over a potentially large geographic distance Often one particular node on a LAN is set up to serve as a gateway to handle all communication going between that LAN and other networks Communication between networks is called internetworking The Internet as we know it today is essentially the ultimate wide-area network spanning the entire globe

bull Metropolitan-area network (MAN) The communication infrastructures that have been developed in and around large cities

Types of Networks

A bus technology called Ethernet has become the industry standard for local-area networks

Figure 152 Various network topologies

15-10

4

WHO IS OWNER OF INTERNET

bull Well nobody does No single person or company owns the Internet or even controls it entirely As a wide-area network it is made up of many smaller networks These smaller networks are often owned and managed by a person or organization The Internet then is really defined by how connections can be made between these networks

bull Internet backbone A set of high-speed networks that carry Internet trafficThese networks are provided by companies such as ATampT GTE and IBM

bull Internet service provider (ISP) A company that provides other companies or individuals with access to the Internet

bull There are various technologies available that you can use to connect a home computer to the Internet bull A phone modem converts computer data into an analog audio signal for transfer over a

telephone line and then a modem at the destination converts it back again into databull A digital subscriber line (DSL) uses regular copper phone lines to transfer digital data to and

from the phone companyrsquos central officebull A cable modem uses the same line that your cable TV signals come in on to transfer the data

back and forth bull Broadband A connection in which transfer speeds are faster than 128 bits per second

bull DSL connections and cable modems are broadband connectionsbull The speed for downloads (getting data from the Internet to your home computer) may not be

the same as uploads (sending data from your home computer to the Internet)bull Proprietary system A system that uses technologies kept private by a particular commercial vendorbull One system couldnrsquot communicate with another leading to the need for Interoperabilitybull The ability of software and hardware on multiple machines and from multiple commercial vendors

to communicate Leading to Open systems Systems based on a common model of network architecture and a suite of protocols used in its implementation

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) established the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model

Each layer deals with a particular aspect of network communication

Network protocols are layered such that each one relies on the protocols that underlie it

Sometimes referred to as a protocol stack

5

bull TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol

TCP software breaks messages into packets hands them off to the IP software for delivery and then orders and reassembles the packets at their destination

bull IP stands for Internet Protocol IP software deals with the routing of packets through the maze of interconnected networks to their

final destinationbull UDP stands for User Datagram Protocol

ndash It is an alternative to TCPndash The main difference is that TCP is highly reliable at the cost of decreased performance

while UDP is less reliable but generally faster

6

DEVELOPMENT OF SKILLS

Objective of Computer Network is designated to perform computer system installation preventive and corrective maintenance and computer network installation Computer Network provide remote technical support perform administrative functions and supervisory functions It is designed to prepare student towards a world of computers and networking student would be led through a series of experiment aimed at providing necessary exposure to establishing connections right through to troubleshooting of networking problems Upon completion of this lab student would have gained the ability to perform following work function

Maintain files on a network server Monitor system performance Assist others with network problems Maintain machines attached to the network Modify software based on user need

The objective of curriculum implementation is to develop the desired skills in the students so that they can solve the field problems These skills can be developed through classroom teaching laboratory work drawing assignments and visits There are two major skills ie intellectual skills and motor skills The intellectual skills related to thinking and motor skills related to physical actions of the learner The laboratory is the place where focus can be given on development of these skills After undergoing through the laboratory experiments it is expected that following skills should be developed in the students

1 Intellectual Skillsa Identification of various devicesb Use amp working principle of these devicesc Application of various fieldsd Practical knowledge about the problems

7

INSTRUCTIONS FOR STUDENTS

Students shall read the points given below for understanding the theoretical concepts and practical applications

1 Listen carefully to the lecture given by the teacher about importance of subject curriculum philosophy graphical structure skills to be developed information about equipment instruments procedure method of continuous assessment tentative plan of work in laboratory and total amount of work to be done in a year

2 Students shall undergo study visit of the laboratory for types of equipment instruments material to be used before performing the experiments

3 Read the write up of each experiment to be performed a day in advance4 Understand the purpose of experiment and its practical implications5 Students should not hesitate to ask any difficulty faced during conduct of practicalexercise6 The students shall study all the questions given in the laboratory manual and practice to write the

answers to those questions7 Students shall visit the recommended industries and should study the know how of the shop floor

practices and operations of machines8 Students shall develop maintenance skills as expected by the industries9 Students should develop the habit of group discussion related to the experiment to exchange their

knowledge10 Students shall attempt to develop related hands on skills and gain confidence11 Students shall focus on development of skills rather than theoretical or codified knowledge12 Students shall insist for the completion of recommended laboratory work industrial visits answers

to the given question etc13 Students shall develop the habit of evolving more ideas innovations skills etc than included in the

scope of the manual14 Student shall refer technical magazines proceedings of the seminars refer websites related to the

scope of the subjects and update their knowledge and skills15 Student should develop the habit of not to depend totally on teachers but to develop self-learning

techniques16 Students should develop habit to submit the practical exercise continuously and progressively on the

scheduled dates and should get the assessment done17 Students should be well prepared while submitting the write up of the exercise This will develop the

continuity of the studies and he will not be overloaded at the end of the term

8

Sample of index for practical

Name of Experiment Date of perform

Date of submission

Signature

1 Crimping rj-45 connectors

2 Install a WLAN Adapter Card in personal computer

3 To make a wireless Access Point connection

4 Introduction of Adhoc Network

5 Introduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

6 Introduction to NETSTAT commonds used in Computer Network

7 Introduction to PATHPING commonds used in Computer Network

8 Introduction to IPCONFIG commonds used in Computer Network

9 Install a wired network adapter card in personal computer

9

EXPERIMENT NO-1

AIM CRIMPING RJ-45 CONNECTORS

APPARATUS

1-Cable2-RJ_45 connectors3-Utility knife4-Crimping tool5-Cable tester6-Two pair of tweezer THEORY RJ-45 connectors are normally used in telephone and network cables Occasionally they are used for serial network connections When the RJ-45 connectors first came into use they were primarily used for telephones The great advances in technology created a need for another size connector and the RJ-45 was adapted to fit Today there are 2 different RJ-45 connector sizes available one for Cat 5 cable and second for Cat 6 cable The user has to make sure they have the one suited to their job The easiest way to

tell them apart is to compare them side by side The Cat 6 connector is larger than the Cat 5 connector

10

Fig11 rj-45 connector

procedure 1 Cut your cable and strip about 1rdquo of the outer jacket off the tip Remove the cablersquos cover

2 Strip 1 to 2 inches (25 to 51 cm) of the outer skin at the end of the cable wire by making a shallow cut in the skin with a utility knife Run the knife around the cable and the jacket should slide off easily There will be 4 pairs of twisted wires exposed each of them a different color or color combination

Orange-white striped and solid orange Green-white striped and solid green Blue-white striped and solid blue Brown-white striped and solid brown

11

3 Fold each pair of wires backwards to expose the core of the cable Cut off the core and discard Straighten the twisted wires using 2 pair of tweezers Grasp a wire beneath a bend with 1 pair of tweezers and use the other pair to gently straighten the bend The straighter your wires the easier your job will be

4cut away the excess wires from then end using crimping tool

5 Insert the wire tips with the insert as far into the connector as possible The lip of the insert should be pointed down in the diagram to the left Squeeze the outer jacket into the connector as well until it reaches the jacket clamp on the connector

12

6 Insert the plug into crimper and push down the crimp tool

Obsevation You should end up with a finished connector with the gold contacts pushed in place and the outer jacket of the cable secured to the connector by the jacket clamp Arrange the conductors in the order shown

13

FOR 568A CONFIGURATION WhiteGreen Green WhiteOrange Blue WhiteBlue Orange WhiteBrown BrownFOR 568B CONFIGURATION WhiteOrange Orange WhiteGreen Blue WhiteBlue Green WhiteBrown Brown

Result

Precaution When inserting the untwisted wires into the RJ-45 connector press the cord beneath the

untwisted wires between your thumb and forefinger to help keep the wires straight

Conclusion

14

15

EXPERIMENT NO-2

AIM Install a wireless network adapter

APPARATUS 1-Desktop or Laptop PC

2-One D-Link AirPlus G+ Wireless Utility Adapter Networ Interface Card

3-One PC installed with a Microsoft Operating System

4-One Screwdriver for PCI card installation

THEORYA wireless local area network(LAN) is a flexible data communications system implemented as an extension to or as an alternative for a wired LAN

Using radio frequency (RF) technology wireless LANs transmit and receive data over the air minimizing the need for wired connections Thus combining data connectivity with user mobility Provides the link between a computer and the network

Requires a device driver to perform both data-link and physical layer functions Plugs into a bus slot or universal serial bus (USB) port on a computer Also referred to as a network interface card (NIC)

a) They use specialized physical and data link protocols

b) They integrate into existing networks through access points which provide a bridging function

c) They let you stay connected as you roam from one coverage area to another

d) They have unique security considerations

e) They have specific interoperability requirements

16

f) They require different hardware

g) They offer performance that differs from wired LANs

TRANSMISSION FUNCTIONS

Network interface adapters perform the following functions during data transmission

a) Data transfer buffering and encapsulation

b) Media Access Control (MAC)

c) Parallel serial conversion

d) Signal encoding and amplification

Procedure

StepA How to determine if you have a wireless network adapter

1 Before using your computer check to see if it already has a wireless network adapter2 To find out whether you already have a wireless network adapter

3 Click Start and then click Control Panel4 Click Network and Internet Connections5 Under or pick a Control Panel icon click Network Connections6 Microsoft Windows XP displays your network adapters Wireless network adapters are

labeled Wireless Network Connection If an adapter displays a red X it is disconnected If the Network Connections window is blank your computer doesnt yet have a wired or wireless network adapter

If you already have a wireless network adapter you can set up your wireless network

NOTE If your portable computer has a built-in wireless network adapter but it doesnt appear to be enabled or working check the back front and sides of the computer for a wireless adapter switch Many laptops include a switch so that you can turn the adapter off to reduce battery consumption

StepB How to install a wireless USB network adapter

1 Adding a USB wireless network adapter is by far the easiest way to install an adapter2 To install a wireless USB network adapter

3 Before purchasing a wireless USB network adapter find an available USB port on your computer

4 Purchase a wireless USB network adapter

17

5 If you had to shut down your computer to get to the USB port you can now turn on your computer Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

6 Connect your USB adapter to the unused USB port on your computer7 After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then

notifies you when installation is finished8 If you are installing a wireless network adapter with a separate antenna place the antenna

in a location where you can get a clear wireless signal Typically you will get a stronger signal (and a faster network connection) if you place your antenna away from walls and in a location where it is not blocked by your monitor or computer

Now you can set up your wireless network

StepC How to install a wireless CardBus or CF (compact flash) network adapter

1 Many portable computers have either a CardBus or CF card slot (theyre the same thing but the CF card slot is slightly newer and smaller) CardBus and CF cards are more convenient and easier to travel with than USB network adapters for portable computers because the card fits neatly into a slot on the side of your computer

2 To install a wireless CardBus or CF network adapter

3 Purchase a wireless CardBus or CF network adapter4 Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the

manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

5 Insert your network adapter into a slot on your computer6 After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then

notifies you when installation is finished

StepD How to install a wireless internal network adapter

1 Internal network adapters are more complicated to install than USB network adapters because they go inside your computer Also they can be installed only in desktop computers that have a space (generally called a slot) available If you are not comfortable opening your computers case you can have a technician install the hardware

2 To install a wireless internal network adapter

3 If your computer has an available slot purchase a wireless internal network adapter4 Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the

manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

5 On the Start menu click Turn Off Computer and then click Turn Off

18

6 After your computer shuts down make note of where each cable is connected to the back of your computer A handy way to do this is to tape a note to each cable with a number or letter on it and put a matching note next to the spot on your computer where the cable plugs in Then unplug all cables from your computer

7 Lay your computer on a desk table or other flat surface Follow the manufacturers instructions to open your computer Depending on the case you may need to remove screws on the back of your computer Unlike a watch or TV most manufacturers design computers so that users can open them up

8 The slots are located at the back of the computer typically in the bottom section of the case Locate an empty slot that fits your card If necessary remove the small metal panel covering the opening of the slot and save the screw

9 Remove the antenna from the network adapter10 Touch an unpainted portion of your computers case to discharge any static electricity

Then carefully insert the network adapter into the open slot Gently wiggle the card back and forth until it rests firmly in the slot

11 Replace the screw that you removed in step 6 to hold the card in place12 Attach the antenna to the network adapter13 Close the computer case14 Reconnect all cables to your computer start your computer and log on to Windows

After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then notifies you when installation is finished

15 The Service Set Identifier (SSID) is a unique identifier that stations must use to be able to communicate with an AP The SSID can be any alphanumeric entry up to a maximum of 32 characters

Obsevation Network adopter signal can be check from control panel

19

Result

Precaution Notice the different shape on the right hand side of the cards

Which card is located in the top of the graphic

Which card is located on bottom

Conclusion

EXPERIMENT NO -3

AIM TO MAKE WIRELESS ADHOC NETWORK

APPARATUS

1-Wireless lan adapter card

2-PC(SP2)

THEORY An ad hoc network is a temporary connection between computers and devices used for a specific purpose such as sharing documents during a meeting or playing multiple-player computer games You can also temporarily share an Internet connection with other people on your ad hoc network so those people donrsquot have to set up their own Internet connections Ad hoc networks can only be wireless so you must have a wireless network adapter installed in your computer to set up or join an ad hoc network

Procedure

PART A- FOR WINDOW ndashXP

20

1-install the wireless lan adapter card setup

2-Click Start and then click Control Panel

3 Under Pick a category click Network and Internet Connections

4 Under or pick a Control Panel icon click Network Connections

5 Right-click your wireless network connection and then click Properties

6 In the Wireless Network Connection Properties dialog box click the Wireless Networks tab

21

7 On the Wireless Networks tab under Preferred networks click Add

8 In the Wireless network properties dialog box on the Association tab type the name of your ad hoc wireless network in Network name (SSID) box (shown in step 10) For example you could name your wireless network shiva

22

9 Clear the The key is provided for me automatically check box and select the This is a computer-to-computer (ad hoc) network check box

10 Create a 13-digit password and type it in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes For the best security include letters numbers and punctuation Then click OK

11 Click OK again to save your changes

Part 2 Manually configure an IP address on computer A

1 Right click Wireless Network Connection and select Properties

2On General tab please double click Internet Protocol (TCPIP)

23

3Tick Use the following IP address and input the IP address and Subnet mask Then click OK

4Click close on Wireless Network Connection Properties window

24

Part 3 Scan for Ad Hoc network on computer B

1Right click Wireless Network Connection select View available wireless networks

2Find shiva (which is set up on computer A) network in the scan window Then double click it and click connect Anyway

25

Part 4 Manually configure an IP address on computer BThe steps are the same as which were done on computer A (Step 5 to Step 8) The point is that we need assign a different IP address for computer B and it must be in the same subnet with computer A In our scenario we can take 1921681202552552550

26

Here until all the basic settings for building an Ad Hoc network have been finished If we open the network scan window again we can see the adhoc test network says Connected

Obsevation If the computer you want to add to your network does not have built-in wireless network support install a wireless network adapter

Windows XP automatically detects the new adapter and notifies you that it found a wireless network

27

Now connect your computer to your wireless network

Note These steps apply only if youre using Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) Right-click the Wireless Network icon in the lower right corner of your screen and then click View Available Wireless Networks

Result

Precaution

1If you run into any problems consult the documentation that came with your network adapter Dont be afraid to call the manufacturers technical support department for help

2The Wireless Network Connection window appears and displays your wireless network listed with the SSID you chose If you dont see your network click Refresh Network List in the upper left corner Click your network and then click Connect in the lower right corner

3Windows XP prompts you to enter a key Type your encryption key in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes and then click Connect

Windows XP shows its progress as it connects to your network After youre connected you can close the Wireless Network Connection window

Conclusion

28

EXPERIMENT NO-4AimTo make a Wireless Access Point connectionApparatus

29

1-Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT

2-PC

3-Access Point Adapter

Theory Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have become a popular choice in network installations Implementing a WLAN is simple because installation is generally limited to installing building mounted antennas and placing the access points (AP)Local Area Networks (LANs) will quickly become a mixture of wired and wireless systems depending on the network needs

procedure

1 Open the network connection properties

2 Then open the local area connection properties

30

3Now select the internet protocol(TCPIP) and then click on the properties

31

4 Now enter different IP address from Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS

POINT and click on subnet mask then click ok

5 Open the internet explorer and input the ip addess of Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT (http10001) in the address bar

6 Double click on setup wizard

32

7 now enter the user name as admin

33

8 Now click on next tab

9 Enter the SSID (name) and select the channel and click on next

34

10 For Wep Encryption we use 10 bit hexadecimal code otherwise select the disabled now click the next botton

11 Setup will be complete

35

ObsevationThe following window will display on screen

Result

Precaution Wep Encryption key should be 10-bit hexadecimal

Conclusion The Access Point have established

36

EXPERIMENT NO-5

AIMIntroduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with internet connection

Theory Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands Ping allows a user to ping another network IP address This can help determine if the network is able to communicate with the network Helps in determining TCPIP Networks IP address as well as determine issues with the network and assists in resolving them See the ping definition for a full description

Availability

The pingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft

operating systems

Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7

PING CommandPing is a basic Internet program that lets you verify that a particular IP address exists and can accept requests The verb ping means the act of using the ping utility or command Ping is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer you are trying to reach is actually operating Various options available in the ping commandOption

-t rarrrepetitively send packets-nrarr number of echo to be sent

-lrarr sending buffer size [Max 65500 bytes]-frarr Dont fragment If this option is provided then the packet should not be fragmented and should be sent as it is-r rarrcount 1048774 record route for count hops [3rd layer device]-jrarr loose source route [Optionally it can follow different route]-krarr strict source route [MUST follow the route specified by us]

Note For loopback address you can ping it and get returns even when you are offline (not connected to any network) If you dont get any valid replies then theres a problem with the computers Network settingsExample In order to send a packet to a host [1921682301] with size of 60000 bytes each We wish to send the packets repetitivelyping -t -l 60000 1921682301rarr In order to send a packet with a size of 1000 bytes and donrsquot permit fragmenting

3

BASICS OF THE SUBJECT

bull Computer network A collection of computing devices that are connected in various ways in order to communicate and share resources Usually the connections between computers in a network are made using physical wires or cablesHowever some connections are wireless using radio waves or infrared signals

bull The generic term node or host refers to any device on a networkbull Data transfer rate The speed with which data is moved from one place on a network to another bull Data transfer rate is a key issue in computer networksbull Computer networks have opened up an entire frontier in the world of computing called the

clientserver model bull File server A computer that stores and manages files for multiple users on a networkbull Web server A computer dedicated to responding to requests (from the browser client) for web pages

bull Local-area network (LAN) A network that connects a relatively small number of machines in a relatively close geographical area

bull Various configurations called topologies have been used to administer LANs

bull Ring topology A configuration that connects all nodes in a closed loop on which messages travel in one direction

bull Star topology A configuration that centers around one node to which all others are connected and through which all messages are sent

bull Bus topology All nodes are connected to a single communication line that carries messages in both directions

bull

bull

Wide-area network (WAN) A network that connects two or more local-area networks over a potentially large geographic distance Often one particular node on a LAN is set up to serve as a gateway to handle all communication going between that LAN and other networks Communication between networks is called internetworking The Internet as we know it today is essentially the ultimate wide-area network spanning the entire globe

bull Metropolitan-area network (MAN) The communication infrastructures that have been developed in and around large cities

Types of Networks

A bus technology called Ethernet has become the industry standard for local-area networks

Figure 152 Various network topologies

15-10

4

WHO IS OWNER OF INTERNET

bull Well nobody does No single person or company owns the Internet or even controls it entirely As a wide-area network it is made up of many smaller networks These smaller networks are often owned and managed by a person or organization The Internet then is really defined by how connections can be made between these networks

bull Internet backbone A set of high-speed networks that carry Internet trafficThese networks are provided by companies such as ATampT GTE and IBM

bull Internet service provider (ISP) A company that provides other companies or individuals with access to the Internet

bull There are various technologies available that you can use to connect a home computer to the Internet bull A phone modem converts computer data into an analog audio signal for transfer over a

telephone line and then a modem at the destination converts it back again into databull A digital subscriber line (DSL) uses regular copper phone lines to transfer digital data to and

from the phone companyrsquos central officebull A cable modem uses the same line that your cable TV signals come in on to transfer the data

back and forth bull Broadband A connection in which transfer speeds are faster than 128 bits per second

bull DSL connections and cable modems are broadband connectionsbull The speed for downloads (getting data from the Internet to your home computer) may not be

the same as uploads (sending data from your home computer to the Internet)bull Proprietary system A system that uses technologies kept private by a particular commercial vendorbull One system couldnrsquot communicate with another leading to the need for Interoperabilitybull The ability of software and hardware on multiple machines and from multiple commercial vendors

to communicate Leading to Open systems Systems based on a common model of network architecture and a suite of protocols used in its implementation

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) established the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model

Each layer deals with a particular aspect of network communication

Network protocols are layered such that each one relies on the protocols that underlie it

Sometimes referred to as a protocol stack

5

bull TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol

TCP software breaks messages into packets hands them off to the IP software for delivery and then orders and reassembles the packets at their destination

bull IP stands for Internet Protocol IP software deals with the routing of packets through the maze of interconnected networks to their

final destinationbull UDP stands for User Datagram Protocol

ndash It is an alternative to TCPndash The main difference is that TCP is highly reliable at the cost of decreased performance

while UDP is less reliable but generally faster

6

DEVELOPMENT OF SKILLS

Objective of Computer Network is designated to perform computer system installation preventive and corrective maintenance and computer network installation Computer Network provide remote technical support perform administrative functions and supervisory functions It is designed to prepare student towards a world of computers and networking student would be led through a series of experiment aimed at providing necessary exposure to establishing connections right through to troubleshooting of networking problems Upon completion of this lab student would have gained the ability to perform following work function

Maintain files on a network server Monitor system performance Assist others with network problems Maintain machines attached to the network Modify software based on user need

The objective of curriculum implementation is to develop the desired skills in the students so that they can solve the field problems These skills can be developed through classroom teaching laboratory work drawing assignments and visits There are two major skills ie intellectual skills and motor skills The intellectual skills related to thinking and motor skills related to physical actions of the learner The laboratory is the place where focus can be given on development of these skills After undergoing through the laboratory experiments it is expected that following skills should be developed in the students

1 Intellectual Skillsa Identification of various devicesb Use amp working principle of these devicesc Application of various fieldsd Practical knowledge about the problems

7

INSTRUCTIONS FOR STUDENTS

Students shall read the points given below for understanding the theoretical concepts and practical applications

1 Listen carefully to the lecture given by the teacher about importance of subject curriculum philosophy graphical structure skills to be developed information about equipment instruments procedure method of continuous assessment tentative plan of work in laboratory and total amount of work to be done in a year

2 Students shall undergo study visit of the laboratory for types of equipment instruments material to be used before performing the experiments

3 Read the write up of each experiment to be performed a day in advance4 Understand the purpose of experiment and its practical implications5 Students should not hesitate to ask any difficulty faced during conduct of practicalexercise6 The students shall study all the questions given in the laboratory manual and practice to write the

answers to those questions7 Students shall visit the recommended industries and should study the know how of the shop floor

practices and operations of machines8 Students shall develop maintenance skills as expected by the industries9 Students should develop the habit of group discussion related to the experiment to exchange their

knowledge10 Students shall attempt to develop related hands on skills and gain confidence11 Students shall focus on development of skills rather than theoretical or codified knowledge12 Students shall insist for the completion of recommended laboratory work industrial visits answers

to the given question etc13 Students shall develop the habit of evolving more ideas innovations skills etc than included in the

scope of the manual14 Student shall refer technical magazines proceedings of the seminars refer websites related to the

scope of the subjects and update their knowledge and skills15 Student should develop the habit of not to depend totally on teachers but to develop self-learning

techniques16 Students should develop habit to submit the practical exercise continuously and progressively on the

scheduled dates and should get the assessment done17 Students should be well prepared while submitting the write up of the exercise This will develop the

continuity of the studies and he will not be overloaded at the end of the term

8

Sample of index for practical

Name of Experiment Date of perform

Date of submission

Signature

1 Crimping rj-45 connectors

2 Install a WLAN Adapter Card in personal computer

3 To make a wireless Access Point connection

4 Introduction of Adhoc Network

5 Introduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

6 Introduction to NETSTAT commonds used in Computer Network

7 Introduction to PATHPING commonds used in Computer Network

8 Introduction to IPCONFIG commonds used in Computer Network

9 Install a wired network adapter card in personal computer

9

EXPERIMENT NO-1

AIM CRIMPING RJ-45 CONNECTORS

APPARATUS

1-Cable2-RJ_45 connectors3-Utility knife4-Crimping tool5-Cable tester6-Two pair of tweezer THEORY RJ-45 connectors are normally used in telephone and network cables Occasionally they are used for serial network connections When the RJ-45 connectors first came into use they were primarily used for telephones The great advances in technology created a need for another size connector and the RJ-45 was adapted to fit Today there are 2 different RJ-45 connector sizes available one for Cat 5 cable and second for Cat 6 cable The user has to make sure they have the one suited to their job The easiest way to

tell them apart is to compare them side by side The Cat 6 connector is larger than the Cat 5 connector

10

Fig11 rj-45 connector

procedure 1 Cut your cable and strip about 1rdquo of the outer jacket off the tip Remove the cablersquos cover

2 Strip 1 to 2 inches (25 to 51 cm) of the outer skin at the end of the cable wire by making a shallow cut in the skin with a utility knife Run the knife around the cable and the jacket should slide off easily There will be 4 pairs of twisted wires exposed each of them a different color or color combination

Orange-white striped and solid orange Green-white striped and solid green Blue-white striped and solid blue Brown-white striped and solid brown

11

3 Fold each pair of wires backwards to expose the core of the cable Cut off the core and discard Straighten the twisted wires using 2 pair of tweezers Grasp a wire beneath a bend with 1 pair of tweezers and use the other pair to gently straighten the bend The straighter your wires the easier your job will be

4cut away the excess wires from then end using crimping tool

5 Insert the wire tips with the insert as far into the connector as possible The lip of the insert should be pointed down in the diagram to the left Squeeze the outer jacket into the connector as well until it reaches the jacket clamp on the connector

12

6 Insert the plug into crimper and push down the crimp tool

Obsevation You should end up with a finished connector with the gold contacts pushed in place and the outer jacket of the cable secured to the connector by the jacket clamp Arrange the conductors in the order shown

13

FOR 568A CONFIGURATION WhiteGreen Green WhiteOrange Blue WhiteBlue Orange WhiteBrown BrownFOR 568B CONFIGURATION WhiteOrange Orange WhiteGreen Blue WhiteBlue Green WhiteBrown Brown

Result

Precaution When inserting the untwisted wires into the RJ-45 connector press the cord beneath the

untwisted wires between your thumb and forefinger to help keep the wires straight

Conclusion

14

15

EXPERIMENT NO-2

AIM Install a wireless network adapter

APPARATUS 1-Desktop or Laptop PC

2-One D-Link AirPlus G+ Wireless Utility Adapter Networ Interface Card

3-One PC installed with a Microsoft Operating System

4-One Screwdriver for PCI card installation

THEORYA wireless local area network(LAN) is a flexible data communications system implemented as an extension to or as an alternative for a wired LAN

Using radio frequency (RF) technology wireless LANs transmit and receive data over the air minimizing the need for wired connections Thus combining data connectivity with user mobility Provides the link between a computer and the network

Requires a device driver to perform both data-link and physical layer functions Plugs into a bus slot or universal serial bus (USB) port on a computer Also referred to as a network interface card (NIC)

a) They use specialized physical and data link protocols

b) They integrate into existing networks through access points which provide a bridging function

c) They let you stay connected as you roam from one coverage area to another

d) They have unique security considerations

e) They have specific interoperability requirements

16

f) They require different hardware

g) They offer performance that differs from wired LANs

TRANSMISSION FUNCTIONS

Network interface adapters perform the following functions during data transmission

a) Data transfer buffering and encapsulation

b) Media Access Control (MAC)

c) Parallel serial conversion

d) Signal encoding and amplification

Procedure

StepA How to determine if you have a wireless network adapter

1 Before using your computer check to see if it already has a wireless network adapter2 To find out whether you already have a wireless network adapter

3 Click Start and then click Control Panel4 Click Network and Internet Connections5 Under or pick a Control Panel icon click Network Connections6 Microsoft Windows XP displays your network adapters Wireless network adapters are

labeled Wireless Network Connection If an adapter displays a red X it is disconnected If the Network Connections window is blank your computer doesnt yet have a wired or wireless network adapter

If you already have a wireless network adapter you can set up your wireless network

NOTE If your portable computer has a built-in wireless network adapter but it doesnt appear to be enabled or working check the back front and sides of the computer for a wireless adapter switch Many laptops include a switch so that you can turn the adapter off to reduce battery consumption

StepB How to install a wireless USB network adapter

1 Adding a USB wireless network adapter is by far the easiest way to install an adapter2 To install a wireless USB network adapter

3 Before purchasing a wireless USB network adapter find an available USB port on your computer

4 Purchase a wireless USB network adapter

17

5 If you had to shut down your computer to get to the USB port you can now turn on your computer Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

6 Connect your USB adapter to the unused USB port on your computer7 After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then

notifies you when installation is finished8 If you are installing a wireless network adapter with a separate antenna place the antenna

in a location where you can get a clear wireless signal Typically you will get a stronger signal (and a faster network connection) if you place your antenna away from walls and in a location where it is not blocked by your monitor or computer

Now you can set up your wireless network

StepC How to install a wireless CardBus or CF (compact flash) network adapter

1 Many portable computers have either a CardBus or CF card slot (theyre the same thing but the CF card slot is slightly newer and smaller) CardBus and CF cards are more convenient and easier to travel with than USB network adapters for portable computers because the card fits neatly into a slot on the side of your computer

2 To install a wireless CardBus or CF network adapter

3 Purchase a wireless CardBus or CF network adapter4 Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the

manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

5 Insert your network adapter into a slot on your computer6 After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then

notifies you when installation is finished

StepD How to install a wireless internal network adapter

1 Internal network adapters are more complicated to install than USB network adapters because they go inside your computer Also they can be installed only in desktop computers that have a space (generally called a slot) available If you are not comfortable opening your computers case you can have a technician install the hardware

2 To install a wireless internal network adapter

3 If your computer has an available slot purchase a wireless internal network adapter4 Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the

manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

5 On the Start menu click Turn Off Computer and then click Turn Off

18

6 After your computer shuts down make note of where each cable is connected to the back of your computer A handy way to do this is to tape a note to each cable with a number or letter on it and put a matching note next to the spot on your computer where the cable plugs in Then unplug all cables from your computer

7 Lay your computer on a desk table or other flat surface Follow the manufacturers instructions to open your computer Depending on the case you may need to remove screws on the back of your computer Unlike a watch or TV most manufacturers design computers so that users can open them up

8 The slots are located at the back of the computer typically in the bottom section of the case Locate an empty slot that fits your card If necessary remove the small metal panel covering the opening of the slot and save the screw

9 Remove the antenna from the network adapter10 Touch an unpainted portion of your computers case to discharge any static electricity

Then carefully insert the network adapter into the open slot Gently wiggle the card back and forth until it rests firmly in the slot

11 Replace the screw that you removed in step 6 to hold the card in place12 Attach the antenna to the network adapter13 Close the computer case14 Reconnect all cables to your computer start your computer and log on to Windows

After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then notifies you when installation is finished

15 The Service Set Identifier (SSID) is a unique identifier that stations must use to be able to communicate with an AP The SSID can be any alphanumeric entry up to a maximum of 32 characters

Obsevation Network adopter signal can be check from control panel

19

Result

Precaution Notice the different shape on the right hand side of the cards

Which card is located in the top of the graphic

Which card is located on bottom

Conclusion

EXPERIMENT NO -3

AIM TO MAKE WIRELESS ADHOC NETWORK

APPARATUS

1-Wireless lan adapter card

2-PC(SP2)

THEORY An ad hoc network is a temporary connection between computers and devices used for a specific purpose such as sharing documents during a meeting or playing multiple-player computer games You can also temporarily share an Internet connection with other people on your ad hoc network so those people donrsquot have to set up their own Internet connections Ad hoc networks can only be wireless so you must have a wireless network adapter installed in your computer to set up or join an ad hoc network

Procedure

PART A- FOR WINDOW ndashXP

20

1-install the wireless lan adapter card setup

2-Click Start and then click Control Panel

3 Under Pick a category click Network and Internet Connections

4 Under or pick a Control Panel icon click Network Connections

5 Right-click your wireless network connection and then click Properties

6 In the Wireless Network Connection Properties dialog box click the Wireless Networks tab

21

7 On the Wireless Networks tab under Preferred networks click Add

8 In the Wireless network properties dialog box on the Association tab type the name of your ad hoc wireless network in Network name (SSID) box (shown in step 10) For example you could name your wireless network shiva

22

9 Clear the The key is provided for me automatically check box and select the This is a computer-to-computer (ad hoc) network check box

10 Create a 13-digit password and type it in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes For the best security include letters numbers and punctuation Then click OK

11 Click OK again to save your changes

Part 2 Manually configure an IP address on computer A

1 Right click Wireless Network Connection and select Properties

2On General tab please double click Internet Protocol (TCPIP)

23

3Tick Use the following IP address and input the IP address and Subnet mask Then click OK

4Click close on Wireless Network Connection Properties window

24

Part 3 Scan for Ad Hoc network on computer B

1Right click Wireless Network Connection select View available wireless networks

2Find shiva (which is set up on computer A) network in the scan window Then double click it and click connect Anyway

25

Part 4 Manually configure an IP address on computer BThe steps are the same as which were done on computer A (Step 5 to Step 8) The point is that we need assign a different IP address for computer B and it must be in the same subnet with computer A In our scenario we can take 1921681202552552550

26

Here until all the basic settings for building an Ad Hoc network have been finished If we open the network scan window again we can see the adhoc test network says Connected

Obsevation If the computer you want to add to your network does not have built-in wireless network support install a wireless network adapter

Windows XP automatically detects the new adapter and notifies you that it found a wireless network

27

Now connect your computer to your wireless network

Note These steps apply only if youre using Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) Right-click the Wireless Network icon in the lower right corner of your screen and then click View Available Wireless Networks

Result

Precaution

1If you run into any problems consult the documentation that came with your network adapter Dont be afraid to call the manufacturers technical support department for help

2The Wireless Network Connection window appears and displays your wireless network listed with the SSID you chose If you dont see your network click Refresh Network List in the upper left corner Click your network and then click Connect in the lower right corner

3Windows XP prompts you to enter a key Type your encryption key in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes and then click Connect

Windows XP shows its progress as it connects to your network After youre connected you can close the Wireless Network Connection window

Conclusion

28

EXPERIMENT NO-4AimTo make a Wireless Access Point connectionApparatus

29

1-Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT

2-PC

3-Access Point Adapter

Theory Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have become a popular choice in network installations Implementing a WLAN is simple because installation is generally limited to installing building mounted antennas and placing the access points (AP)Local Area Networks (LANs) will quickly become a mixture of wired and wireless systems depending on the network needs

procedure

1 Open the network connection properties

2 Then open the local area connection properties

30

3Now select the internet protocol(TCPIP) and then click on the properties

31

4 Now enter different IP address from Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS

POINT and click on subnet mask then click ok

5 Open the internet explorer and input the ip addess of Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT (http10001) in the address bar

6 Double click on setup wizard

32

7 now enter the user name as admin

33

8 Now click on next tab

9 Enter the SSID (name) and select the channel and click on next

34

10 For Wep Encryption we use 10 bit hexadecimal code otherwise select the disabled now click the next botton

11 Setup will be complete

35

ObsevationThe following window will display on screen

Result

Precaution Wep Encryption key should be 10-bit hexadecimal

Conclusion The Access Point have established

36

EXPERIMENT NO-5

AIMIntroduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with internet connection

Theory Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands Ping allows a user to ping another network IP address This can help determine if the network is able to communicate with the network Helps in determining TCPIP Networks IP address as well as determine issues with the network and assists in resolving them See the ping definition for a full description

Availability

The pingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft

operating systems

Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7

PING CommandPing is a basic Internet program that lets you verify that a particular IP address exists and can accept requests The verb ping means the act of using the ping utility or command Ping is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer you are trying to reach is actually operating Various options available in the ping commandOption

-t rarrrepetitively send packets-nrarr number of echo to be sent

-lrarr sending buffer size [Max 65500 bytes]-frarr Dont fragment If this option is provided then the packet should not be fragmented and should be sent as it is-r rarrcount 1048774 record route for count hops [3rd layer device]-jrarr loose source route [Optionally it can follow different route]-krarr strict source route [MUST follow the route specified by us]

Note For loopback address you can ping it and get returns even when you are offline (not connected to any network) If you dont get any valid replies then theres a problem with the computers Network settingsExample In order to send a packet to a host [1921682301] with size of 60000 bytes each We wish to send the packets repetitivelyping -t -l 60000 1921682301rarr In order to send a packet with a size of 1000 bytes and donrsquot permit fragmenting

4

WHO IS OWNER OF INTERNET

bull Well nobody does No single person or company owns the Internet or even controls it entirely As a wide-area network it is made up of many smaller networks These smaller networks are often owned and managed by a person or organization The Internet then is really defined by how connections can be made between these networks

bull Internet backbone A set of high-speed networks that carry Internet trafficThese networks are provided by companies such as ATampT GTE and IBM

bull Internet service provider (ISP) A company that provides other companies or individuals with access to the Internet

bull There are various technologies available that you can use to connect a home computer to the Internet bull A phone modem converts computer data into an analog audio signal for transfer over a

telephone line and then a modem at the destination converts it back again into databull A digital subscriber line (DSL) uses regular copper phone lines to transfer digital data to and

from the phone companyrsquos central officebull A cable modem uses the same line that your cable TV signals come in on to transfer the data

back and forth bull Broadband A connection in which transfer speeds are faster than 128 bits per second

bull DSL connections and cable modems are broadband connectionsbull The speed for downloads (getting data from the Internet to your home computer) may not be

the same as uploads (sending data from your home computer to the Internet)bull Proprietary system A system that uses technologies kept private by a particular commercial vendorbull One system couldnrsquot communicate with another leading to the need for Interoperabilitybull The ability of software and hardware on multiple machines and from multiple commercial vendors

to communicate Leading to Open systems Systems based on a common model of network architecture and a suite of protocols used in its implementation

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) established the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model

Each layer deals with a particular aspect of network communication

Network protocols are layered such that each one relies on the protocols that underlie it

Sometimes referred to as a protocol stack

5

bull TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol

TCP software breaks messages into packets hands them off to the IP software for delivery and then orders and reassembles the packets at their destination

bull IP stands for Internet Protocol IP software deals with the routing of packets through the maze of interconnected networks to their

final destinationbull UDP stands for User Datagram Protocol

ndash It is an alternative to TCPndash The main difference is that TCP is highly reliable at the cost of decreased performance

while UDP is less reliable but generally faster

6

DEVELOPMENT OF SKILLS

Objective of Computer Network is designated to perform computer system installation preventive and corrective maintenance and computer network installation Computer Network provide remote technical support perform administrative functions and supervisory functions It is designed to prepare student towards a world of computers and networking student would be led through a series of experiment aimed at providing necessary exposure to establishing connections right through to troubleshooting of networking problems Upon completion of this lab student would have gained the ability to perform following work function

Maintain files on a network server Monitor system performance Assist others with network problems Maintain machines attached to the network Modify software based on user need

The objective of curriculum implementation is to develop the desired skills in the students so that they can solve the field problems These skills can be developed through classroom teaching laboratory work drawing assignments and visits There are two major skills ie intellectual skills and motor skills The intellectual skills related to thinking and motor skills related to physical actions of the learner The laboratory is the place where focus can be given on development of these skills After undergoing through the laboratory experiments it is expected that following skills should be developed in the students

1 Intellectual Skillsa Identification of various devicesb Use amp working principle of these devicesc Application of various fieldsd Practical knowledge about the problems

7

INSTRUCTIONS FOR STUDENTS

Students shall read the points given below for understanding the theoretical concepts and practical applications

1 Listen carefully to the lecture given by the teacher about importance of subject curriculum philosophy graphical structure skills to be developed information about equipment instruments procedure method of continuous assessment tentative plan of work in laboratory and total amount of work to be done in a year

2 Students shall undergo study visit of the laboratory for types of equipment instruments material to be used before performing the experiments

3 Read the write up of each experiment to be performed a day in advance4 Understand the purpose of experiment and its practical implications5 Students should not hesitate to ask any difficulty faced during conduct of practicalexercise6 The students shall study all the questions given in the laboratory manual and practice to write the

answers to those questions7 Students shall visit the recommended industries and should study the know how of the shop floor

practices and operations of machines8 Students shall develop maintenance skills as expected by the industries9 Students should develop the habit of group discussion related to the experiment to exchange their

knowledge10 Students shall attempt to develop related hands on skills and gain confidence11 Students shall focus on development of skills rather than theoretical or codified knowledge12 Students shall insist for the completion of recommended laboratory work industrial visits answers

to the given question etc13 Students shall develop the habit of evolving more ideas innovations skills etc than included in the

scope of the manual14 Student shall refer technical magazines proceedings of the seminars refer websites related to the

scope of the subjects and update their knowledge and skills15 Student should develop the habit of not to depend totally on teachers but to develop self-learning

techniques16 Students should develop habit to submit the practical exercise continuously and progressively on the

scheduled dates and should get the assessment done17 Students should be well prepared while submitting the write up of the exercise This will develop the

continuity of the studies and he will not be overloaded at the end of the term

8

Sample of index for practical

Name of Experiment Date of perform

Date of submission

Signature

1 Crimping rj-45 connectors

2 Install a WLAN Adapter Card in personal computer

3 To make a wireless Access Point connection

4 Introduction of Adhoc Network

5 Introduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

6 Introduction to NETSTAT commonds used in Computer Network

7 Introduction to PATHPING commonds used in Computer Network

8 Introduction to IPCONFIG commonds used in Computer Network

9 Install a wired network adapter card in personal computer

9

EXPERIMENT NO-1

AIM CRIMPING RJ-45 CONNECTORS

APPARATUS

1-Cable2-RJ_45 connectors3-Utility knife4-Crimping tool5-Cable tester6-Two pair of tweezer THEORY RJ-45 connectors are normally used in telephone and network cables Occasionally they are used for serial network connections When the RJ-45 connectors first came into use they were primarily used for telephones The great advances in technology created a need for another size connector and the RJ-45 was adapted to fit Today there are 2 different RJ-45 connector sizes available one for Cat 5 cable and second for Cat 6 cable The user has to make sure they have the one suited to their job The easiest way to

tell them apart is to compare them side by side The Cat 6 connector is larger than the Cat 5 connector

10

Fig11 rj-45 connector

procedure 1 Cut your cable and strip about 1rdquo of the outer jacket off the tip Remove the cablersquos cover

2 Strip 1 to 2 inches (25 to 51 cm) of the outer skin at the end of the cable wire by making a shallow cut in the skin with a utility knife Run the knife around the cable and the jacket should slide off easily There will be 4 pairs of twisted wires exposed each of them a different color or color combination

Orange-white striped and solid orange Green-white striped and solid green Blue-white striped and solid blue Brown-white striped and solid brown

11

3 Fold each pair of wires backwards to expose the core of the cable Cut off the core and discard Straighten the twisted wires using 2 pair of tweezers Grasp a wire beneath a bend with 1 pair of tweezers and use the other pair to gently straighten the bend The straighter your wires the easier your job will be

4cut away the excess wires from then end using crimping tool

5 Insert the wire tips with the insert as far into the connector as possible The lip of the insert should be pointed down in the diagram to the left Squeeze the outer jacket into the connector as well until it reaches the jacket clamp on the connector

12

6 Insert the plug into crimper and push down the crimp tool

Obsevation You should end up with a finished connector with the gold contacts pushed in place and the outer jacket of the cable secured to the connector by the jacket clamp Arrange the conductors in the order shown

13

FOR 568A CONFIGURATION WhiteGreen Green WhiteOrange Blue WhiteBlue Orange WhiteBrown BrownFOR 568B CONFIGURATION WhiteOrange Orange WhiteGreen Blue WhiteBlue Green WhiteBrown Brown

Result

Precaution When inserting the untwisted wires into the RJ-45 connector press the cord beneath the

untwisted wires between your thumb and forefinger to help keep the wires straight

Conclusion

14

15

EXPERIMENT NO-2

AIM Install a wireless network adapter

APPARATUS 1-Desktop or Laptop PC

2-One D-Link AirPlus G+ Wireless Utility Adapter Networ Interface Card

3-One PC installed with a Microsoft Operating System

4-One Screwdriver for PCI card installation

THEORYA wireless local area network(LAN) is a flexible data communications system implemented as an extension to or as an alternative for a wired LAN

Using radio frequency (RF) technology wireless LANs transmit and receive data over the air minimizing the need for wired connections Thus combining data connectivity with user mobility Provides the link between a computer and the network

Requires a device driver to perform both data-link and physical layer functions Plugs into a bus slot or universal serial bus (USB) port on a computer Also referred to as a network interface card (NIC)

a) They use specialized physical and data link protocols

b) They integrate into existing networks through access points which provide a bridging function

c) They let you stay connected as you roam from one coverage area to another

d) They have unique security considerations

e) They have specific interoperability requirements

16

f) They require different hardware

g) They offer performance that differs from wired LANs

TRANSMISSION FUNCTIONS

Network interface adapters perform the following functions during data transmission

a) Data transfer buffering and encapsulation

b) Media Access Control (MAC)

c) Parallel serial conversion

d) Signal encoding and amplification

Procedure

StepA How to determine if you have a wireless network adapter

1 Before using your computer check to see if it already has a wireless network adapter2 To find out whether you already have a wireless network adapter

3 Click Start and then click Control Panel4 Click Network and Internet Connections5 Under or pick a Control Panel icon click Network Connections6 Microsoft Windows XP displays your network adapters Wireless network adapters are

labeled Wireless Network Connection If an adapter displays a red X it is disconnected If the Network Connections window is blank your computer doesnt yet have a wired or wireless network adapter

If you already have a wireless network adapter you can set up your wireless network

NOTE If your portable computer has a built-in wireless network adapter but it doesnt appear to be enabled or working check the back front and sides of the computer for a wireless adapter switch Many laptops include a switch so that you can turn the adapter off to reduce battery consumption

StepB How to install a wireless USB network adapter

1 Adding a USB wireless network adapter is by far the easiest way to install an adapter2 To install a wireless USB network adapter

3 Before purchasing a wireless USB network adapter find an available USB port on your computer

4 Purchase a wireless USB network adapter

17

5 If you had to shut down your computer to get to the USB port you can now turn on your computer Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

6 Connect your USB adapter to the unused USB port on your computer7 After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then

notifies you when installation is finished8 If you are installing a wireless network adapter with a separate antenna place the antenna

in a location where you can get a clear wireless signal Typically you will get a stronger signal (and a faster network connection) if you place your antenna away from walls and in a location where it is not blocked by your monitor or computer

Now you can set up your wireless network

StepC How to install a wireless CardBus or CF (compact flash) network adapter

1 Many portable computers have either a CardBus or CF card slot (theyre the same thing but the CF card slot is slightly newer and smaller) CardBus and CF cards are more convenient and easier to travel with than USB network adapters for portable computers because the card fits neatly into a slot on the side of your computer

2 To install a wireless CardBus or CF network adapter

3 Purchase a wireless CardBus or CF network adapter4 Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the

manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

5 Insert your network adapter into a slot on your computer6 After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then

notifies you when installation is finished

StepD How to install a wireless internal network adapter

1 Internal network adapters are more complicated to install than USB network adapters because they go inside your computer Also they can be installed only in desktop computers that have a space (generally called a slot) available If you are not comfortable opening your computers case you can have a technician install the hardware

2 To install a wireless internal network adapter

3 If your computer has an available slot purchase a wireless internal network adapter4 Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the

manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

5 On the Start menu click Turn Off Computer and then click Turn Off

18

6 After your computer shuts down make note of where each cable is connected to the back of your computer A handy way to do this is to tape a note to each cable with a number or letter on it and put a matching note next to the spot on your computer where the cable plugs in Then unplug all cables from your computer

7 Lay your computer on a desk table or other flat surface Follow the manufacturers instructions to open your computer Depending on the case you may need to remove screws on the back of your computer Unlike a watch or TV most manufacturers design computers so that users can open them up

8 The slots are located at the back of the computer typically in the bottom section of the case Locate an empty slot that fits your card If necessary remove the small metal panel covering the opening of the slot and save the screw

9 Remove the antenna from the network adapter10 Touch an unpainted portion of your computers case to discharge any static electricity

Then carefully insert the network adapter into the open slot Gently wiggle the card back and forth until it rests firmly in the slot

11 Replace the screw that you removed in step 6 to hold the card in place12 Attach the antenna to the network adapter13 Close the computer case14 Reconnect all cables to your computer start your computer and log on to Windows

After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then notifies you when installation is finished

15 The Service Set Identifier (SSID) is a unique identifier that stations must use to be able to communicate with an AP The SSID can be any alphanumeric entry up to a maximum of 32 characters

Obsevation Network adopter signal can be check from control panel

19

Result

Precaution Notice the different shape on the right hand side of the cards

Which card is located in the top of the graphic

Which card is located on bottom

Conclusion

EXPERIMENT NO -3

AIM TO MAKE WIRELESS ADHOC NETWORK

APPARATUS

1-Wireless lan adapter card

2-PC(SP2)

THEORY An ad hoc network is a temporary connection between computers and devices used for a specific purpose such as sharing documents during a meeting or playing multiple-player computer games You can also temporarily share an Internet connection with other people on your ad hoc network so those people donrsquot have to set up their own Internet connections Ad hoc networks can only be wireless so you must have a wireless network adapter installed in your computer to set up or join an ad hoc network

Procedure

PART A- FOR WINDOW ndashXP

20

1-install the wireless lan adapter card setup

2-Click Start and then click Control Panel

3 Under Pick a category click Network and Internet Connections

4 Under or pick a Control Panel icon click Network Connections

5 Right-click your wireless network connection and then click Properties

6 In the Wireless Network Connection Properties dialog box click the Wireless Networks tab

21

7 On the Wireless Networks tab under Preferred networks click Add

8 In the Wireless network properties dialog box on the Association tab type the name of your ad hoc wireless network in Network name (SSID) box (shown in step 10) For example you could name your wireless network shiva

22

9 Clear the The key is provided for me automatically check box and select the This is a computer-to-computer (ad hoc) network check box

10 Create a 13-digit password and type it in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes For the best security include letters numbers and punctuation Then click OK

11 Click OK again to save your changes

Part 2 Manually configure an IP address on computer A

1 Right click Wireless Network Connection and select Properties

2On General tab please double click Internet Protocol (TCPIP)

23

3Tick Use the following IP address and input the IP address and Subnet mask Then click OK

4Click close on Wireless Network Connection Properties window

24

Part 3 Scan for Ad Hoc network on computer B

1Right click Wireless Network Connection select View available wireless networks

2Find shiva (which is set up on computer A) network in the scan window Then double click it and click connect Anyway

25

Part 4 Manually configure an IP address on computer BThe steps are the same as which were done on computer A (Step 5 to Step 8) The point is that we need assign a different IP address for computer B and it must be in the same subnet with computer A In our scenario we can take 1921681202552552550

26

Here until all the basic settings for building an Ad Hoc network have been finished If we open the network scan window again we can see the adhoc test network says Connected

Obsevation If the computer you want to add to your network does not have built-in wireless network support install a wireless network adapter

Windows XP automatically detects the new adapter and notifies you that it found a wireless network

27

Now connect your computer to your wireless network

Note These steps apply only if youre using Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) Right-click the Wireless Network icon in the lower right corner of your screen and then click View Available Wireless Networks

Result

Precaution

1If you run into any problems consult the documentation that came with your network adapter Dont be afraid to call the manufacturers technical support department for help

2The Wireless Network Connection window appears and displays your wireless network listed with the SSID you chose If you dont see your network click Refresh Network List in the upper left corner Click your network and then click Connect in the lower right corner

3Windows XP prompts you to enter a key Type your encryption key in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes and then click Connect

Windows XP shows its progress as it connects to your network After youre connected you can close the Wireless Network Connection window

Conclusion

28

EXPERIMENT NO-4AimTo make a Wireless Access Point connectionApparatus

29

1-Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT

2-PC

3-Access Point Adapter

Theory Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have become a popular choice in network installations Implementing a WLAN is simple because installation is generally limited to installing building mounted antennas and placing the access points (AP)Local Area Networks (LANs) will quickly become a mixture of wired and wireless systems depending on the network needs

procedure

1 Open the network connection properties

2 Then open the local area connection properties

30

3Now select the internet protocol(TCPIP) and then click on the properties

31

4 Now enter different IP address from Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS

POINT and click on subnet mask then click ok

5 Open the internet explorer and input the ip addess of Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT (http10001) in the address bar

6 Double click on setup wizard

32

7 now enter the user name as admin

33

8 Now click on next tab

9 Enter the SSID (name) and select the channel and click on next

34

10 For Wep Encryption we use 10 bit hexadecimal code otherwise select the disabled now click the next botton

11 Setup will be complete

35

ObsevationThe following window will display on screen

Result

Precaution Wep Encryption key should be 10-bit hexadecimal

Conclusion The Access Point have established

36

EXPERIMENT NO-5

AIMIntroduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with internet connection

Theory Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands Ping allows a user to ping another network IP address This can help determine if the network is able to communicate with the network Helps in determining TCPIP Networks IP address as well as determine issues with the network and assists in resolving them See the ping definition for a full description

Availability

The pingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft

operating systems

Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7

PING CommandPing is a basic Internet program that lets you verify that a particular IP address exists and can accept requests The verb ping means the act of using the ping utility or command Ping is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer you are trying to reach is actually operating Various options available in the ping commandOption

-t rarrrepetitively send packets-nrarr number of echo to be sent

-lrarr sending buffer size [Max 65500 bytes]-frarr Dont fragment If this option is provided then the packet should not be fragmented and should be sent as it is-r rarrcount 1048774 record route for count hops [3rd layer device]-jrarr loose source route [Optionally it can follow different route]-krarr strict source route [MUST follow the route specified by us]

Note For loopback address you can ping it and get returns even when you are offline (not connected to any network) If you dont get any valid replies then theres a problem with the computers Network settingsExample In order to send a packet to a host [1921682301] with size of 60000 bytes each We wish to send the packets repetitivelyping -t -l 60000 1921682301rarr In order to send a packet with a size of 1000 bytes and donrsquot permit fragmenting

5

bull TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol

TCP software breaks messages into packets hands them off to the IP software for delivery and then orders and reassembles the packets at their destination

bull IP stands for Internet Protocol IP software deals with the routing of packets through the maze of interconnected networks to their

final destinationbull UDP stands for User Datagram Protocol

ndash It is an alternative to TCPndash The main difference is that TCP is highly reliable at the cost of decreased performance

while UDP is less reliable but generally faster

6

DEVELOPMENT OF SKILLS

Objective of Computer Network is designated to perform computer system installation preventive and corrective maintenance and computer network installation Computer Network provide remote technical support perform administrative functions and supervisory functions It is designed to prepare student towards a world of computers and networking student would be led through a series of experiment aimed at providing necessary exposure to establishing connections right through to troubleshooting of networking problems Upon completion of this lab student would have gained the ability to perform following work function

Maintain files on a network server Monitor system performance Assist others with network problems Maintain machines attached to the network Modify software based on user need

The objective of curriculum implementation is to develop the desired skills in the students so that they can solve the field problems These skills can be developed through classroom teaching laboratory work drawing assignments and visits There are two major skills ie intellectual skills and motor skills The intellectual skills related to thinking and motor skills related to physical actions of the learner The laboratory is the place where focus can be given on development of these skills After undergoing through the laboratory experiments it is expected that following skills should be developed in the students

1 Intellectual Skillsa Identification of various devicesb Use amp working principle of these devicesc Application of various fieldsd Practical knowledge about the problems

7

INSTRUCTIONS FOR STUDENTS

Students shall read the points given below for understanding the theoretical concepts and practical applications

1 Listen carefully to the lecture given by the teacher about importance of subject curriculum philosophy graphical structure skills to be developed information about equipment instruments procedure method of continuous assessment tentative plan of work in laboratory and total amount of work to be done in a year

2 Students shall undergo study visit of the laboratory for types of equipment instruments material to be used before performing the experiments

3 Read the write up of each experiment to be performed a day in advance4 Understand the purpose of experiment and its practical implications5 Students should not hesitate to ask any difficulty faced during conduct of practicalexercise6 The students shall study all the questions given in the laboratory manual and practice to write the

answers to those questions7 Students shall visit the recommended industries and should study the know how of the shop floor

practices and operations of machines8 Students shall develop maintenance skills as expected by the industries9 Students should develop the habit of group discussion related to the experiment to exchange their

knowledge10 Students shall attempt to develop related hands on skills and gain confidence11 Students shall focus on development of skills rather than theoretical or codified knowledge12 Students shall insist for the completion of recommended laboratory work industrial visits answers

to the given question etc13 Students shall develop the habit of evolving more ideas innovations skills etc than included in the

scope of the manual14 Student shall refer technical magazines proceedings of the seminars refer websites related to the

scope of the subjects and update their knowledge and skills15 Student should develop the habit of not to depend totally on teachers but to develop self-learning

techniques16 Students should develop habit to submit the practical exercise continuously and progressively on the

scheduled dates and should get the assessment done17 Students should be well prepared while submitting the write up of the exercise This will develop the

continuity of the studies and he will not be overloaded at the end of the term

8

Sample of index for practical

Name of Experiment Date of perform

Date of submission

Signature

1 Crimping rj-45 connectors

2 Install a WLAN Adapter Card in personal computer

3 To make a wireless Access Point connection

4 Introduction of Adhoc Network

5 Introduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

6 Introduction to NETSTAT commonds used in Computer Network

7 Introduction to PATHPING commonds used in Computer Network

8 Introduction to IPCONFIG commonds used in Computer Network

9 Install a wired network adapter card in personal computer

9

EXPERIMENT NO-1

AIM CRIMPING RJ-45 CONNECTORS

APPARATUS

1-Cable2-RJ_45 connectors3-Utility knife4-Crimping tool5-Cable tester6-Two pair of tweezer THEORY RJ-45 connectors are normally used in telephone and network cables Occasionally they are used for serial network connections When the RJ-45 connectors first came into use they were primarily used for telephones The great advances in technology created a need for another size connector and the RJ-45 was adapted to fit Today there are 2 different RJ-45 connector sizes available one for Cat 5 cable and second for Cat 6 cable The user has to make sure they have the one suited to their job The easiest way to

tell them apart is to compare them side by side The Cat 6 connector is larger than the Cat 5 connector

10

Fig11 rj-45 connector

procedure 1 Cut your cable and strip about 1rdquo of the outer jacket off the tip Remove the cablersquos cover

2 Strip 1 to 2 inches (25 to 51 cm) of the outer skin at the end of the cable wire by making a shallow cut in the skin with a utility knife Run the knife around the cable and the jacket should slide off easily There will be 4 pairs of twisted wires exposed each of them a different color or color combination

Orange-white striped and solid orange Green-white striped and solid green Blue-white striped and solid blue Brown-white striped and solid brown

11

3 Fold each pair of wires backwards to expose the core of the cable Cut off the core and discard Straighten the twisted wires using 2 pair of tweezers Grasp a wire beneath a bend with 1 pair of tweezers and use the other pair to gently straighten the bend The straighter your wires the easier your job will be

4cut away the excess wires from then end using crimping tool

5 Insert the wire tips with the insert as far into the connector as possible The lip of the insert should be pointed down in the diagram to the left Squeeze the outer jacket into the connector as well until it reaches the jacket clamp on the connector

12

6 Insert the plug into crimper and push down the crimp tool

Obsevation You should end up with a finished connector with the gold contacts pushed in place and the outer jacket of the cable secured to the connector by the jacket clamp Arrange the conductors in the order shown

13

FOR 568A CONFIGURATION WhiteGreen Green WhiteOrange Blue WhiteBlue Orange WhiteBrown BrownFOR 568B CONFIGURATION WhiteOrange Orange WhiteGreen Blue WhiteBlue Green WhiteBrown Brown

Result

Precaution When inserting the untwisted wires into the RJ-45 connector press the cord beneath the

untwisted wires between your thumb and forefinger to help keep the wires straight

Conclusion

14

15

EXPERIMENT NO-2

AIM Install a wireless network adapter

APPARATUS 1-Desktop or Laptop PC

2-One D-Link AirPlus G+ Wireless Utility Adapter Networ Interface Card

3-One PC installed with a Microsoft Operating System

4-One Screwdriver for PCI card installation

THEORYA wireless local area network(LAN) is a flexible data communications system implemented as an extension to or as an alternative for a wired LAN

Using radio frequency (RF) technology wireless LANs transmit and receive data over the air minimizing the need for wired connections Thus combining data connectivity with user mobility Provides the link between a computer and the network

Requires a device driver to perform both data-link and physical layer functions Plugs into a bus slot or universal serial bus (USB) port on a computer Also referred to as a network interface card (NIC)

a) They use specialized physical and data link protocols

b) They integrate into existing networks through access points which provide a bridging function

c) They let you stay connected as you roam from one coverage area to another

d) They have unique security considerations

e) They have specific interoperability requirements

16

f) They require different hardware

g) They offer performance that differs from wired LANs

TRANSMISSION FUNCTIONS

Network interface adapters perform the following functions during data transmission

a) Data transfer buffering and encapsulation

b) Media Access Control (MAC)

c) Parallel serial conversion

d) Signal encoding and amplification

Procedure

StepA How to determine if you have a wireless network adapter

1 Before using your computer check to see if it already has a wireless network adapter2 To find out whether you already have a wireless network adapter

3 Click Start and then click Control Panel4 Click Network and Internet Connections5 Under or pick a Control Panel icon click Network Connections6 Microsoft Windows XP displays your network adapters Wireless network adapters are

labeled Wireless Network Connection If an adapter displays a red X it is disconnected If the Network Connections window is blank your computer doesnt yet have a wired or wireless network adapter

If you already have a wireless network adapter you can set up your wireless network

NOTE If your portable computer has a built-in wireless network adapter but it doesnt appear to be enabled or working check the back front and sides of the computer for a wireless adapter switch Many laptops include a switch so that you can turn the adapter off to reduce battery consumption

StepB How to install a wireless USB network adapter

1 Adding a USB wireless network adapter is by far the easiest way to install an adapter2 To install a wireless USB network adapter

3 Before purchasing a wireless USB network adapter find an available USB port on your computer

4 Purchase a wireless USB network adapter

17

5 If you had to shut down your computer to get to the USB port you can now turn on your computer Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

6 Connect your USB adapter to the unused USB port on your computer7 After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then

notifies you when installation is finished8 If you are installing a wireless network adapter with a separate antenna place the antenna

in a location where you can get a clear wireless signal Typically you will get a stronger signal (and a faster network connection) if you place your antenna away from walls and in a location where it is not blocked by your monitor or computer

Now you can set up your wireless network

StepC How to install a wireless CardBus or CF (compact flash) network adapter

1 Many portable computers have either a CardBus or CF card slot (theyre the same thing but the CF card slot is slightly newer and smaller) CardBus and CF cards are more convenient and easier to travel with than USB network adapters for portable computers because the card fits neatly into a slot on the side of your computer

2 To install a wireless CardBus or CF network adapter

3 Purchase a wireless CardBus or CF network adapter4 Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the

manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

5 Insert your network adapter into a slot on your computer6 After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then

notifies you when installation is finished

StepD How to install a wireless internal network adapter

1 Internal network adapters are more complicated to install than USB network adapters because they go inside your computer Also they can be installed only in desktop computers that have a space (generally called a slot) available If you are not comfortable opening your computers case you can have a technician install the hardware

2 To install a wireless internal network adapter

3 If your computer has an available slot purchase a wireless internal network adapter4 Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the

manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

5 On the Start menu click Turn Off Computer and then click Turn Off

18

6 After your computer shuts down make note of where each cable is connected to the back of your computer A handy way to do this is to tape a note to each cable with a number or letter on it and put a matching note next to the spot on your computer where the cable plugs in Then unplug all cables from your computer

7 Lay your computer on a desk table or other flat surface Follow the manufacturers instructions to open your computer Depending on the case you may need to remove screws on the back of your computer Unlike a watch or TV most manufacturers design computers so that users can open them up

8 The slots are located at the back of the computer typically in the bottom section of the case Locate an empty slot that fits your card If necessary remove the small metal panel covering the opening of the slot and save the screw

9 Remove the antenna from the network adapter10 Touch an unpainted portion of your computers case to discharge any static electricity

Then carefully insert the network adapter into the open slot Gently wiggle the card back and forth until it rests firmly in the slot

11 Replace the screw that you removed in step 6 to hold the card in place12 Attach the antenna to the network adapter13 Close the computer case14 Reconnect all cables to your computer start your computer and log on to Windows

After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then notifies you when installation is finished

15 The Service Set Identifier (SSID) is a unique identifier that stations must use to be able to communicate with an AP The SSID can be any alphanumeric entry up to a maximum of 32 characters

Obsevation Network adopter signal can be check from control panel

19

Result

Precaution Notice the different shape on the right hand side of the cards

Which card is located in the top of the graphic

Which card is located on bottom

Conclusion

EXPERIMENT NO -3

AIM TO MAKE WIRELESS ADHOC NETWORK

APPARATUS

1-Wireless lan adapter card

2-PC(SP2)

THEORY An ad hoc network is a temporary connection between computers and devices used for a specific purpose such as sharing documents during a meeting or playing multiple-player computer games You can also temporarily share an Internet connection with other people on your ad hoc network so those people donrsquot have to set up their own Internet connections Ad hoc networks can only be wireless so you must have a wireless network adapter installed in your computer to set up or join an ad hoc network

Procedure

PART A- FOR WINDOW ndashXP

20

1-install the wireless lan adapter card setup

2-Click Start and then click Control Panel

3 Under Pick a category click Network and Internet Connections

4 Under or pick a Control Panel icon click Network Connections

5 Right-click your wireless network connection and then click Properties

6 In the Wireless Network Connection Properties dialog box click the Wireless Networks tab

21

7 On the Wireless Networks tab under Preferred networks click Add

8 In the Wireless network properties dialog box on the Association tab type the name of your ad hoc wireless network in Network name (SSID) box (shown in step 10) For example you could name your wireless network shiva

22

9 Clear the The key is provided for me automatically check box and select the This is a computer-to-computer (ad hoc) network check box

10 Create a 13-digit password and type it in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes For the best security include letters numbers and punctuation Then click OK

11 Click OK again to save your changes

Part 2 Manually configure an IP address on computer A

1 Right click Wireless Network Connection and select Properties

2On General tab please double click Internet Protocol (TCPIP)

23

3Tick Use the following IP address and input the IP address and Subnet mask Then click OK

4Click close on Wireless Network Connection Properties window

24

Part 3 Scan for Ad Hoc network on computer B

1Right click Wireless Network Connection select View available wireless networks

2Find shiva (which is set up on computer A) network in the scan window Then double click it and click connect Anyway

25

Part 4 Manually configure an IP address on computer BThe steps are the same as which were done on computer A (Step 5 to Step 8) The point is that we need assign a different IP address for computer B and it must be in the same subnet with computer A In our scenario we can take 1921681202552552550

26

Here until all the basic settings for building an Ad Hoc network have been finished If we open the network scan window again we can see the adhoc test network says Connected

Obsevation If the computer you want to add to your network does not have built-in wireless network support install a wireless network adapter

Windows XP automatically detects the new adapter and notifies you that it found a wireless network

27

Now connect your computer to your wireless network

Note These steps apply only if youre using Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) Right-click the Wireless Network icon in the lower right corner of your screen and then click View Available Wireless Networks

Result

Precaution

1If you run into any problems consult the documentation that came with your network adapter Dont be afraid to call the manufacturers technical support department for help

2The Wireless Network Connection window appears and displays your wireless network listed with the SSID you chose If you dont see your network click Refresh Network List in the upper left corner Click your network and then click Connect in the lower right corner

3Windows XP prompts you to enter a key Type your encryption key in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes and then click Connect

Windows XP shows its progress as it connects to your network After youre connected you can close the Wireless Network Connection window

Conclusion

28

EXPERIMENT NO-4AimTo make a Wireless Access Point connectionApparatus

29

1-Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT

2-PC

3-Access Point Adapter

Theory Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have become a popular choice in network installations Implementing a WLAN is simple because installation is generally limited to installing building mounted antennas and placing the access points (AP)Local Area Networks (LANs) will quickly become a mixture of wired and wireless systems depending on the network needs

procedure

1 Open the network connection properties

2 Then open the local area connection properties

30

3Now select the internet protocol(TCPIP) and then click on the properties

31

4 Now enter different IP address from Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS

POINT and click on subnet mask then click ok

5 Open the internet explorer and input the ip addess of Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT (http10001) in the address bar

6 Double click on setup wizard

32

7 now enter the user name as admin

33

8 Now click on next tab

9 Enter the SSID (name) and select the channel and click on next

34

10 For Wep Encryption we use 10 bit hexadecimal code otherwise select the disabled now click the next botton

11 Setup will be complete

35

ObsevationThe following window will display on screen

Result

Precaution Wep Encryption key should be 10-bit hexadecimal

Conclusion The Access Point have established

36

EXPERIMENT NO-5

AIMIntroduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with internet connection

Theory Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands Ping allows a user to ping another network IP address This can help determine if the network is able to communicate with the network Helps in determining TCPIP Networks IP address as well as determine issues with the network and assists in resolving them See the ping definition for a full description

Availability

The pingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft

operating systems

Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7

PING CommandPing is a basic Internet program that lets you verify that a particular IP address exists and can accept requests The verb ping means the act of using the ping utility or command Ping is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer you are trying to reach is actually operating Various options available in the ping commandOption

-t rarrrepetitively send packets-nrarr number of echo to be sent

-lrarr sending buffer size [Max 65500 bytes]-frarr Dont fragment If this option is provided then the packet should not be fragmented and should be sent as it is-r rarrcount 1048774 record route for count hops [3rd layer device]-jrarr loose source route [Optionally it can follow different route]-krarr strict source route [MUST follow the route specified by us]

Note For loopback address you can ping it and get returns even when you are offline (not connected to any network) If you dont get any valid replies then theres a problem with the computers Network settingsExample In order to send a packet to a host [1921682301] with size of 60000 bytes each We wish to send the packets repetitivelyping -t -l 60000 1921682301rarr In order to send a packet with a size of 1000 bytes and donrsquot permit fragmenting

6

DEVELOPMENT OF SKILLS

Objective of Computer Network is designated to perform computer system installation preventive and corrective maintenance and computer network installation Computer Network provide remote technical support perform administrative functions and supervisory functions It is designed to prepare student towards a world of computers and networking student would be led through a series of experiment aimed at providing necessary exposure to establishing connections right through to troubleshooting of networking problems Upon completion of this lab student would have gained the ability to perform following work function

Maintain files on a network server Monitor system performance Assist others with network problems Maintain machines attached to the network Modify software based on user need

The objective of curriculum implementation is to develop the desired skills in the students so that they can solve the field problems These skills can be developed through classroom teaching laboratory work drawing assignments and visits There are two major skills ie intellectual skills and motor skills The intellectual skills related to thinking and motor skills related to physical actions of the learner The laboratory is the place where focus can be given on development of these skills After undergoing through the laboratory experiments it is expected that following skills should be developed in the students

1 Intellectual Skillsa Identification of various devicesb Use amp working principle of these devicesc Application of various fieldsd Practical knowledge about the problems

7

INSTRUCTIONS FOR STUDENTS

Students shall read the points given below for understanding the theoretical concepts and practical applications

1 Listen carefully to the lecture given by the teacher about importance of subject curriculum philosophy graphical structure skills to be developed information about equipment instruments procedure method of continuous assessment tentative plan of work in laboratory and total amount of work to be done in a year

2 Students shall undergo study visit of the laboratory for types of equipment instruments material to be used before performing the experiments

3 Read the write up of each experiment to be performed a day in advance4 Understand the purpose of experiment and its practical implications5 Students should not hesitate to ask any difficulty faced during conduct of practicalexercise6 The students shall study all the questions given in the laboratory manual and practice to write the

answers to those questions7 Students shall visit the recommended industries and should study the know how of the shop floor

practices and operations of machines8 Students shall develop maintenance skills as expected by the industries9 Students should develop the habit of group discussion related to the experiment to exchange their

knowledge10 Students shall attempt to develop related hands on skills and gain confidence11 Students shall focus on development of skills rather than theoretical or codified knowledge12 Students shall insist for the completion of recommended laboratory work industrial visits answers

to the given question etc13 Students shall develop the habit of evolving more ideas innovations skills etc than included in the

scope of the manual14 Student shall refer technical magazines proceedings of the seminars refer websites related to the

scope of the subjects and update their knowledge and skills15 Student should develop the habit of not to depend totally on teachers but to develop self-learning

techniques16 Students should develop habit to submit the practical exercise continuously and progressively on the

scheduled dates and should get the assessment done17 Students should be well prepared while submitting the write up of the exercise This will develop the

continuity of the studies and he will not be overloaded at the end of the term

8

Sample of index for practical

Name of Experiment Date of perform

Date of submission

Signature

1 Crimping rj-45 connectors

2 Install a WLAN Adapter Card in personal computer

3 To make a wireless Access Point connection

4 Introduction of Adhoc Network

5 Introduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

6 Introduction to NETSTAT commonds used in Computer Network

7 Introduction to PATHPING commonds used in Computer Network

8 Introduction to IPCONFIG commonds used in Computer Network

9 Install a wired network adapter card in personal computer

9

EXPERIMENT NO-1

AIM CRIMPING RJ-45 CONNECTORS

APPARATUS

1-Cable2-RJ_45 connectors3-Utility knife4-Crimping tool5-Cable tester6-Two pair of tweezer THEORY RJ-45 connectors are normally used in telephone and network cables Occasionally they are used for serial network connections When the RJ-45 connectors first came into use they were primarily used for telephones The great advances in technology created a need for another size connector and the RJ-45 was adapted to fit Today there are 2 different RJ-45 connector sizes available one for Cat 5 cable and second for Cat 6 cable The user has to make sure they have the one suited to their job The easiest way to

tell them apart is to compare them side by side The Cat 6 connector is larger than the Cat 5 connector

10

Fig11 rj-45 connector

procedure 1 Cut your cable and strip about 1rdquo of the outer jacket off the tip Remove the cablersquos cover

2 Strip 1 to 2 inches (25 to 51 cm) of the outer skin at the end of the cable wire by making a shallow cut in the skin with a utility knife Run the knife around the cable and the jacket should slide off easily There will be 4 pairs of twisted wires exposed each of them a different color or color combination

Orange-white striped and solid orange Green-white striped and solid green Blue-white striped and solid blue Brown-white striped and solid brown

11

3 Fold each pair of wires backwards to expose the core of the cable Cut off the core and discard Straighten the twisted wires using 2 pair of tweezers Grasp a wire beneath a bend with 1 pair of tweezers and use the other pair to gently straighten the bend The straighter your wires the easier your job will be

4cut away the excess wires from then end using crimping tool

5 Insert the wire tips with the insert as far into the connector as possible The lip of the insert should be pointed down in the diagram to the left Squeeze the outer jacket into the connector as well until it reaches the jacket clamp on the connector

12

6 Insert the plug into crimper and push down the crimp tool

Obsevation You should end up with a finished connector with the gold contacts pushed in place and the outer jacket of the cable secured to the connector by the jacket clamp Arrange the conductors in the order shown

13

FOR 568A CONFIGURATION WhiteGreen Green WhiteOrange Blue WhiteBlue Orange WhiteBrown BrownFOR 568B CONFIGURATION WhiteOrange Orange WhiteGreen Blue WhiteBlue Green WhiteBrown Brown

Result

Precaution When inserting the untwisted wires into the RJ-45 connector press the cord beneath the

untwisted wires between your thumb and forefinger to help keep the wires straight

Conclusion

14

15

EXPERIMENT NO-2

AIM Install a wireless network adapter

APPARATUS 1-Desktop or Laptop PC

2-One D-Link AirPlus G+ Wireless Utility Adapter Networ Interface Card

3-One PC installed with a Microsoft Operating System

4-One Screwdriver for PCI card installation

THEORYA wireless local area network(LAN) is a flexible data communications system implemented as an extension to or as an alternative for a wired LAN

Using radio frequency (RF) technology wireless LANs transmit and receive data over the air minimizing the need for wired connections Thus combining data connectivity with user mobility Provides the link between a computer and the network

Requires a device driver to perform both data-link and physical layer functions Plugs into a bus slot or universal serial bus (USB) port on a computer Also referred to as a network interface card (NIC)

a) They use specialized physical and data link protocols

b) They integrate into existing networks through access points which provide a bridging function

c) They let you stay connected as you roam from one coverage area to another

d) They have unique security considerations

e) They have specific interoperability requirements

16

f) They require different hardware

g) They offer performance that differs from wired LANs

TRANSMISSION FUNCTIONS

Network interface adapters perform the following functions during data transmission

a) Data transfer buffering and encapsulation

b) Media Access Control (MAC)

c) Parallel serial conversion

d) Signal encoding and amplification

Procedure

StepA How to determine if you have a wireless network adapter

1 Before using your computer check to see if it already has a wireless network adapter2 To find out whether you already have a wireless network adapter

3 Click Start and then click Control Panel4 Click Network and Internet Connections5 Under or pick a Control Panel icon click Network Connections6 Microsoft Windows XP displays your network adapters Wireless network adapters are

labeled Wireless Network Connection If an adapter displays a red X it is disconnected If the Network Connections window is blank your computer doesnt yet have a wired or wireless network adapter

If you already have a wireless network adapter you can set up your wireless network

NOTE If your portable computer has a built-in wireless network adapter but it doesnt appear to be enabled or working check the back front and sides of the computer for a wireless adapter switch Many laptops include a switch so that you can turn the adapter off to reduce battery consumption

StepB How to install a wireless USB network adapter

1 Adding a USB wireless network adapter is by far the easiest way to install an adapter2 To install a wireless USB network adapter

3 Before purchasing a wireless USB network adapter find an available USB port on your computer

4 Purchase a wireless USB network adapter

17

5 If you had to shut down your computer to get to the USB port you can now turn on your computer Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

6 Connect your USB adapter to the unused USB port on your computer7 After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then

notifies you when installation is finished8 If you are installing a wireless network adapter with a separate antenna place the antenna

in a location where you can get a clear wireless signal Typically you will get a stronger signal (and a faster network connection) if you place your antenna away from walls and in a location where it is not blocked by your monitor or computer

Now you can set up your wireless network

StepC How to install a wireless CardBus or CF (compact flash) network adapter

1 Many portable computers have either a CardBus or CF card slot (theyre the same thing but the CF card slot is slightly newer and smaller) CardBus and CF cards are more convenient and easier to travel with than USB network adapters for portable computers because the card fits neatly into a slot on the side of your computer

2 To install a wireless CardBus or CF network adapter

3 Purchase a wireless CardBus or CF network adapter4 Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the

manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

5 Insert your network adapter into a slot on your computer6 After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then

notifies you when installation is finished

StepD How to install a wireless internal network adapter

1 Internal network adapters are more complicated to install than USB network adapters because they go inside your computer Also they can be installed only in desktop computers that have a space (generally called a slot) available If you are not comfortable opening your computers case you can have a technician install the hardware

2 To install a wireless internal network adapter

3 If your computer has an available slot purchase a wireless internal network adapter4 Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the

manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

5 On the Start menu click Turn Off Computer and then click Turn Off

18

6 After your computer shuts down make note of where each cable is connected to the back of your computer A handy way to do this is to tape a note to each cable with a number or letter on it and put a matching note next to the spot on your computer where the cable plugs in Then unplug all cables from your computer

7 Lay your computer on a desk table or other flat surface Follow the manufacturers instructions to open your computer Depending on the case you may need to remove screws on the back of your computer Unlike a watch or TV most manufacturers design computers so that users can open them up

8 The slots are located at the back of the computer typically in the bottom section of the case Locate an empty slot that fits your card If necessary remove the small metal panel covering the opening of the slot and save the screw

9 Remove the antenna from the network adapter10 Touch an unpainted portion of your computers case to discharge any static electricity

Then carefully insert the network adapter into the open slot Gently wiggle the card back and forth until it rests firmly in the slot

11 Replace the screw that you removed in step 6 to hold the card in place12 Attach the antenna to the network adapter13 Close the computer case14 Reconnect all cables to your computer start your computer and log on to Windows

After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then notifies you when installation is finished

15 The Service Set Identifier (SSID) is a unique identifier that stations must use to be able to communicate with an AP The SSID can be any alphanumeric entry up to a maximum of 32 characters

Obsevation Network adopter signal can be check from control panel

19

Result

Precaution Notice the different shape on the right hand side of the cards

Which card is located in the top of the graphic

Which card is located on bottom

Conclusion

EXPERIMENT NO -3

AIM TO MAKE WIRELESS ADHOC NETWORK

APPARATUS

1-Wireless lan adapter card

2-PC(SP2)

THEORY An ad hoc network is a temporary connection between computers and devices used for a specific purpose such as sharing documents during a meeting or playing multiple-player computer games You can also temporarily share an Internet connection with other people on your ad hoc network so those people donrsquot have to set up their own Internet connections Ad hoc networks can only be wireless so you must have a wireless network adapter installed in your computer to set up or join an ad hoc network

Procedure

PART A- FOR WINDOW ndashXP

20

1-install the wireless lan adapter card setup

2-Click Start and then click Control Panel

3 Under Pick a category click Network and Internet Connections

4 Under or pick a Control Panel icon click Network Connections

5 Right-click your wireless network connection and then click Properties

6 In the Wireless Network Connection Properties dialog box click the Wireless Networks tab

21

7 On the Wireless Networks tab under Preferred networks click Add

8 In the Wireless network properties dialog box on the Association tab type the name of your ad hoc wireless network in Network name (SSID) box (shown in step 10) For example you could name your wireless network shiva

22

9 Clear the The key is provided for me automatically check box and select the This is a computer-to-computer (ad hoc) network check box

10 Create a 13-digit password and type it in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes For the best security include letters numbers and punctuation Then click OK

11 Click OK again to save your changes

Part 2 Manually configure an IP address on computer A

1 Right click Wireless Network Connection and select Properties

2On General tab please double click Internet Protocol (TCPIP)

23

3Tick Use the following IP address and input the IP address and Subnet mask Then click OK

4Click close on Wireless Network Connection Properties window

24

Part 3 Scan for Ad Hoc network on computer B

1Right click Wireless Network Connection select View available wireless networks

2Find shiva (which is set up on computer A) network in the scan window Then double click it and click connect Anyway

25

Part 4 Manually configure an IP address on computer BThe steps are the same as which were done on computer A (Step 5 to Step 8) The point is that we need assign a different IP address for computer B and it must be in the same subnet with computer A In our scenario we can take 1921681202552552550

26

Here until all the basic settings for building an Ad Hoc network have been finished If we open the network scan window again we can see the adhoc test network says Connected

Obsevation If the computer you want to add to your network does not have built-in wireless network support install a wireless network adapter

Windows XP automatically detects the new adapter and notifies you that it found a wireless network

27

Now connect your computer to your wireless network

Note These steps apply only if youre using Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) Right-click the Wireless Network icon in the lower right corner of your screen and then click View Available Wireless Networks

Result

Precaution

1If you run into any problems consult the documentation that came with your network adapter Dont be afraid to call the manufacturers technical support department for help

2The Wireless Network Connection window appears and displays your wireless network listed with the SSID you chose If you dont see your network click Refresh Network List in the upper left corner Click your network and then click Connect in the lower right corner

3Windows XP prompts you to enter a key Type your encryption key in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes and then click Connect

Windows XP shows its progress as it connects to your network After youre connected you can close the Wireless Network Connection window

Conclusion

28

EXPERIMENT NO-4AimTo make a Wireless Access Point connectionApparatus

29

1-Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT

2-PC

3-Access Point Adapter

Theory Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have become a popular choice in network installations Implementing a WLAN is simple because installation is generally limited to installing building mounted antennas and placing the access points (AP)Local Area Networks (LANs) will quickly become a mixture of wired and wireless systems depending on the network needs

procedure

1 Open the network connection properties

2 Then open the local area connection properties

30

3Now select the internet protocol(TCPIP) and then click on the properties

31

4 Now enter different IP address from Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS

POINT and click on subnet mask then click ok

5 Open the internet explorer and input the ip addess of Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT (http10001) in the address bar

6 Double click on setup wizard

32

7 now enter the user name as admin

33

8 Now click on next tab

9 Enter the SSID (name) and select the channel and click on next

34

10 For Wep Encryption we use 10 bit hexadecimal code otherwise select the disabled now click the next botton

11 Setup will be complete

35

ObsevationThe following window will display on screen

Result

Precaution Wep Encryption key should be 10-bit hexadecimal

Conclusion The Access Point have established

36

EXPERIMENT NO-5

AIMIntroduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with internet connection

Theory Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands Ping allows a user to ping another network IP address This can help determine if the network is able to communicate with the network Helps in determining TCPIP Networks IP address as well as determine issues with the network and assists in resolving them See the ping definition for a full description

Availability

The pingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft

operating systems

Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7

PING CommandPing is a basic Internet program that lets you verify that a particular IP address exists and can accept requests The verb ping means the act of using the ping utility or command Ping is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer you are trying to reach is actually operating Various options available in the ping commandOption

-t rarrrepetitively send packets-nrarr number of echo to be sent

-lrarr sending buffer size [Max 65500 bytes]-frarr Dont fragment If this option is provided then the packet should not be fragmented and should be sent as it is-r rarrcount 1048774 record route for count hops [3rd layer device]-jrarr loose source route [Optionally it can follow different route]-krarr strict source route [MUST follow the route specified by us]

Note For loopback address you can ping it and get returns even when you are offline (not connected to any network) If you dont get any valid replies then theres a problem with the computers Network settingsExample In order to send a packet to a host [1921682301] with size of 60000 bytes each We wish to send the packets repetitivelyping -t -l 60000 1921682301rarr In order to send a packet with a size of 1000 bytes and donrsquot permit fragmenting

7

INSTRUCTIONS FOR STUDENTS

Students shall read the points given below for understanding the theoretical concepts and practical applications

1 Listen carefully to the lecture given by the teacher about importance of subject curriculum philosophy graphical structure skills to be developed information about equipment instruments procedure method of continuous assessment tentative plan of work in laboratory and total amount of work to be done in a year

2 Students shall undergo study visit of the laboratory for types of equipment instruments material to be used before performing the experiments

3 Read the write up of each experiment to be performed a day in advance4 Understand the purpose of experiment and its practical implications5 Students should not hesitate to ask any difficulty faced during conduct of practicalexercise6 The students shall study all the questions given in the laboratory manual and practice to write the

answers to those questions7 Students shall visit the recommended industries and should study the know how of the shop floor

practices and operations of machines8 Students shall develop maintenance skills as expected by the industries9 Students should develop the habit of group discussion related to the experiment to exchange their

knowledge10 Students shall attempt to develop related hands on skills and gain confidence11 Students shall focus on development of skills rather than theoretical or codified knowledge12 Students shall insist for the completion of recommended laboratory work industrial visits answers

to the given question etc13 Students shall develop the habit of evolving more ideas innovations skills etc than included in the

scope of the manual14 Student shall refer technical magazines proceedings of the seminars refer websites related to the

scope of the subjects and update their knowledge and skills15 Student should develop the habit of not to depend totally on teachers but to develop self-learning

techniques16 Students should develop habit to submit the practical exercise continuously and progressively on the

scheduled dates and should get the assessment done17 Students should be well prepared while submitting the write up of the exercise This will develop the

continuity of the studies and he will not be overloaded at the end of the term

8

Sample of index for practical

Name of Experiment Date of perform

Date of submission

Signature

1 Crimping rj-45 connectors

2 Install a WLAN Adapter Card in personal computer

3 To make a wireless Access Point connection

4 Introduction of Adhoc Network

5 Introduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

6 Introduction to NETSTAT commonds used in Computer Network

7 Introduction to PATHPING commonds used in Computer Network

8 Introduction to IPCONFIG commonds used in Computer Network

9 Install a wired network adapter card in personal computer

9

EXPERIMENT NO-1

AIM CRIMPING RJ-45 CONNECTORS

APPARATUS

1-Cable2-RJ_45 connectors3-Utility knife4-Crimping tool5-Cable tester6-Two pair of tweezer THEORY RJ-45 connectors are normally used in telephone and network cables Occasionally they are used for serial network connections When the RJ-45 connectors first came into use they were primarily used for telephones The great advances in technology created a need for another size connector and the RJ-45 was adapted to fit Today there are 2 different RJ-45 connector sizes available one for Cat 5 cable and second for Cat 6 cable The user has to make sure they have the one suited to their job The easiest way to

tell them apart is to compare them side by side The Cat 6 connector is larger than the Cat 5 connector

10

Fig11 rj-45 connector

procedure 1 Cut your cable and strip about 1rdquo of the outer jacket off the tip Remove the cablersquos cover

2 Strip 1 to 2 inches (25 to 51 cm) of the outer skin at the end of the cable wire by making a shallow cut in the skin with a utility knife Run the knife around the cable and the jacket should slide off easily There will be 4 pairs of twisted wires exposed each of them a different color or color combination

Orange-white striped and solid orange Green-white striped and solid green Blue-white striped and solid blue Brown-white striped and solid brown

11

3 Fold each pair of wires backwards to expose the core of the cable Cut off the core and discard Straighten the twisted wires using 2 pair of tweezers Grasp a wire beneath a bend with 1 pair of tweezers and use the other pair to gently straighten the bend The straighter your wires the easier your job will be

4cut away the excess wires from then end using crimping tool

5 Insert the wire tips with the insert as far into the connector as possible The lip of the insert should be pointed down in the diagram to the left Squeeze the outer jacket into the connector as well until it reaches the jacket clamp on the connector

12

6 Insert the plug into crimper and push down the crimp tool

Obsevation You should end up with a finished connector with the gold contacts pushed in place and the outer jacket of the cable secured to the connector by the jacket clamp Arrange the conductors in the order shown

13

FOR 568A CONFIGURATION WhiteGreen Green WhiteOrange Blue WhiteBlue Orange WhiteBrown BrownFOR 568B CONFIGURATION WhiteOrange Orange WhiteGreen Blue WhiteBlue Green WhiteBrown Brown

Result

Precaution When inserting the untwisted wires into the RJ-45 connector press the cord beneath the

untwisted wires between your thumb and forefinger to help keep the wires straight

Conclusion

14

15

EXPERIMENT NO-2

AIM Install a wireless network adapter

APPARATUS 1-Desktop or Laptop PC

2-One D-Link AirPlus G+ Wireless Utility Adapter Networ Interface Card

3-One PC installed with a Microsoft Operating System

4-One Screwdriver for PCI card installation

THEORYA wireless local area network(LAN) is a flexible data communications system implemented as an extension to or as an alternative for a wired LAN

Using radio frequency (RF) technology wireless LANs transmit and receive data over the air minimizing the need for wired connections Thus combining data connectivity with user mobility Provides the link between a computer and the network

Requires a device driver to perform both data-link and physical layer functions Plugs into a bus slot or universal serial bus (USB) port on a computer Also referred to as a network interface card (NIC)

a) They use specialized physical and data link protocols

b) They integrate into existing networks through access points which provide a bridging function

c) They let you stay connected as you roam from one coverage area to another

d) They have unique security considerations

e) They have specific interoperability requirements

16

f) They require different hardware

g) They offer performance that differs from wired LANs

TRANSMISSION FUNCTIONS

Network interface adapters perform the following functions during data transmission

a) Data transfer buffering and encapsulation

b) Media Access Control (MAC)

c) Parallel serial conversion

d) Signal encoding and amplification

Procedure

StepA How to determine if you have a wireless network adapter

1 Before using your computer check to see if it already has a wireless network adapter2 To find out whether you already have a wireless network adapter

3 Click Start and then click Control Panel4 Click Network and Internet Connections5 Under or pick a Control Panel icon click Network Connections6 Microsoft Windows XP displays your network adapters Wireless network adapters are

labeled Wireless Network Connection If an adapter displays a red X it is disconnected If the Network Connections window is blank your computer doesnt yet have a wired or wireless network adapter

If you already have a wireless network adapter you can set up your wireless network

NOTE If your portable computer has a built-in wireless network adapter but it doesnt appear to be enabled or working check the back front and sides of the computer for a wireless adapter switch Many laptops include a switch so that you can turn the adapter off to reduce battery consumption

StepB How to install a wireless USB network adapter

1 Adding a USB wireless network adapter is by far the easiest way to install an adapter2 To install a wireless USB network adapter

3 Before purchasing a wireless USB network adapter find an available USB port on your computer

4 Purchase a wireless USB network adapter

17

5 If you had to shut down your computer to get to the USB port you can now turn on your computer Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

6 Connect your USB adapter to the unused USB port on your computer7 After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then

notifies you when installation is finished8 If you are installing a wireless network adapter with a separate antenna place the antenna

in a location where you can get a clear wireless signal Typically you will get a stronger signal (and a faster network connection) if you place your antenna away from walls and in a location where it is not blocked by your monitor or computer

Now you can set up your wireless network

StepC How to install a wireless CardBus or CF (compact flash) network adapter

1 Many portable computers have either a CardBus or CF card slot (theyre the same thing but the CF card slot is slightly newer and smaller) CardBus and CF cards are more convenient and easier to travel with than USB network adapters for portable computers because the card fits neatly into a slot on the side of your computer

2 To install a wireless CardBus or CF network adapter

3 Purchase a wireless CardBus or CF network adapter4 Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the

manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

5 Insert your network adapter into a slot on your computer6 After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then

notifies you when installation is finished

StepD How to install a wireless internal network adapter

1 Internal network adapters are more complicated to install than USB network adapters because they go inside your computer Also they can be installed only in desktop computers that have a space (generally called a slot) available If you are not comfortable opening your computers case you can have a technician install the hardware

2 To install a wireless internal network adapter

3 If your computer has an available slot purchase a wireless internal network adapter4 Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the

manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

5 On the Start menu click Turn Off Computer and then click Turn Off

18

6 After your computer shuts down make note of where each cable is connected to the back of your computer A handy way to do this is to tape a note to each cable with a number or letter on it and put a matching note next to the spot on your computer where the cable plugs in Then unplug all cables from your computer

7 Lay your computer on a desk table or other flat surface Follow the manufacturers instructions to open your computer Depending on the case you may need to remove screws on the back of your computer Unlike a watch or TV most manufacturers design computers so that users can open them up

8 The slots are located at the back of the computer typically in the bottom section of the case Locate an empty slot that fits your card If necessary remove the small metal panel covering the opening of the slot and save the screw

9 Remove the antenna from the network adapter10 Touch an unpainted portion of your computers case to discharge any static electricity

Then carefully insert the network adapter into the open slot Gently wiggle the card back and forth until it rests firmly in the slot

11 Replace the screw that you removed in step 6 to hold the card in place12 Attach the antenna to the network adapter13 Close the computer case14 Reconnect all cables to your computer start your computer and log on to Windows

After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then notifies you when installation is finished

15 The Service Set Identifier (SSID) is a unique identifier that stations must use to be able to communicate with an AP The SSID can be any alphanumeric entry up to a maximum of 32 characters

Obsevation Network adopter signal can be check from control panel

19

Result

Precaution Notice the different shape on the right hand side of the cards

Which card is located in the top of the graphic

Which card is located on bottom

Conclusion

EXPERIMENT NO -3

AIM TO MAKE WIRELESS ADHOC NETWORK

APPARATUS

1-Wireless lan adapter card

2-PC(SP2)

THEORY An ad hoc network is a temporary connection between computers and devices used for a specific purpose such as sharing documents during a meeting or playing multiple-player computer games You can also temporarily share an Internet connection with other people on your ad hoc network so those people donrsquot have to set up their own Internet connections Ad hoc networks can only be wireless so you must have a wireless network adapter installed in your computer to set up or join an ad hoc network

Procedure

PART A- FOR WINDOW ndashXP

20

1-install the wireless lan adapter card setup

2-Click Start and then click Control Panel

3 Under Pick a category click Network and Internet Connections

4 Under or pick a Control Panel icon click Network Connections

5 Right-click your wireless network connection and then click Properties

6 In the Wireless Network Connection Properties dialog box click the Wireless Networks tab

21

7 On the Wireless Networks tab under Preferred networks click Add

8 In the Wireless network properties dialog box on the Association tab type the name of your ad hoc wireless network in Network name (SSID) box (shown in step 10) For example you could name your wireless network shiva

22

9 Clear the The key is provided for me automatically check box and select the This is a computer-to-computer (ad hoc) network check box

10 Create a 13-digit password and type it in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes For the best security include letters numbers and punctuation Then click OK

11 Click OK again to save your changes

Part 2 Manually configure an IP address on computer A

1 Right click Wireless Network Connection and select Properties

2On General tab please double click Internet Protocol (TCPIP)

23

3Tick Use the following IP address and input the IP address and Subnet mask Then click OK

4Click close on Wireless Network Connection Properties window

24

Part 3 Scan for Ad Hoc network on computer B

1Right click Wireless Network Connection select View available wireless networks

2Find shiva (which is set up on computer A) network in the scan window Then double click it and click connect Anyway

25

Part 4 Manually configure an IP address on computer BThe steps are the same as which were done on computer A (Step 5 to Step 8) The point is that we need assign a different IP address for computer B and it must be in the same subnet with computer A In our scenario we can take 1921681202552552550

26

Here until all the basic settings for building an Ad Hoc network have been finished If we open the network scan window again we can see the adhoc test network says Connected

Obsevation If the computer you want to add to your network does not have built-in wireless network support install a wireless network adapter

Windows XP automatically detects the new adapter and notifies you that it found a wireless network

27

Now connect your computer to your wireless network

Note These steps apply only if youre using Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) Right-click the Wireless Network icon in the lower right corner of your screen and then click View Available Wireless Networks

Result

Precaution

1If you run into any problems consult the documentation that came with your network adapter Dont be afraid to call the manufacturers technical support department for help

2The Wireless Network Connection window appears and displays your wireless network listed with the SSID you chose If you dont see your network click Refresh Network List in the upper left corner Click your network and then click Connect in the lower right corner

3Windows XP prompts you to enter a key Type your encryption key in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes and then click Connect

Windows XP shows its progress as it connects to your network After youre connected you can close the Wireless Network Connection window

Conclusion

28

EXPERIMENT NO-4AimTo make a Wireless Access Point connectionApparatus

29

1-Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT

2-PC

3-Access Point Adapter

Theory Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have become a popular choice in network installations Implementing a WLAN is simple because installation is generally limited to installing building mounted antennas and placing the access points (AP)Local Area Networks (LANs) will quickly become a mixture of wired and wireless systems depending on the network needs

procedure

1 Open the network connection properties

2 Then open the local area connection properties

30

3Now select the internet protocol(TCPIP) and then click on the properties

31

4 Now enter different IP address from Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS

POINT and click on subnet mask then click ok

5 Open the internet explorer and input the ip addess of Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT (http10001) in the address bar

6 Double click on setup wizard

32

7 now enter the user name as admin

33

8 Now click on next tab

9 Enter the SSID (name) and select the channel and click on next

34

10 For Wep Encryption we use 10 bit hexadecimal code otherwise select the disabled now click the next botton

11 Setup will be complete

35

ObsevationThe following window will display on screen

Result

Precaution Wep Encryption key should be 10-bit hexadecimal

Conclusion The Access Point have established

36

EXPERIMENT NO-5

AIMIntroduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with internet connection

Theory Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands Ping allows a user to ping another network IP address This can help determine if the network is able to communicate with the network Helps in determining TCPIP Networks IP address as well as determine issues with the network and assists in resolving them See the ping definition for a full description

Availability

The pingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft

operating systems

Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7

PING CommandPing is a basic Internet program that lets you verify that a particular IP address exists and can accept requests The verb ping means the act of using the ping utility or command Ping is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer you are trying to reach is actually operating Various options available in the ping commandOption

-t rarrrepetitively send packets-nrarr number of echo to be sent

-lrarr sending buffer size [Max 65500 bytes]-frarr Dont fragment If this option is provided then the packet should not be fragmented and should be sent as it is-r rarrcount 1048774 record route for count hops [3rd layer device]-jrarr loose source route [Optionally it can follow different route]-krarr strict source route [MUST follow the route specified by us]

Note For loopback address you can ping it and get returns even when you are offline (not connected to any network) If you dont get any valid replies then theres a problem with the computers Network settingsExample In order to send a packet to a host [1921682301] with size of 60000 bytes each We wish to send the packets repetitivelyping -t -l 60000 1921682301rarr In order to send a packet with a size of 1000 bytes and donrsquot permit fragmenting

8

Sample of index for practical

Name of Experiment Date of perform

Date of submission

Signature

1 Crimping rj-45 connectors

2 Install a WLAN Adapter Card in personal computer

3 To make a wireless Access Point connection

4 Introduction of Adhoc Network

5 Introduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

6 Introduction to NETSTAT commonds used in Computer Network

7 Introduction to PATHPING commonds used in Computer Network

8 Introduction to IPCONFIG commonds used in Computer Network

9 Install a wired network adapter card in personal computer

9

EXPERIMENT NO-1

AIM CRIMPING RJ-45 CONNECTORS

APPARATUS

1-Cable2-RJ_45 connectors3-Utility knife4-Crimping tool5-Cable tester6-Two pair of tweezer THEORY RJ-45 connectors are normally used in telephone and network cables Occasionally they are used for serial network connections When the RJ-45 connectors first came into use they were primarily used for telephones The great advances in technology created a need for another size connector and the RJ-45 was adapted to fit Today there are 2 different RJ-45 connector sizes available one for Cat 5 cable and second for Cat 6 cable The user has to make sure they have the one suited to their job The easiest way to

tell them apart is to compare them side by side The Cat 6 connector is larger than the Cat 5 connector

10

Fig11 rj-45 connector

procedure 1 Cut your cable and strip about 1rdquo of the outer jacket off the tip Remove the cablersquos cover

2 Strip 1 to 2 inches (25 to 51 cm) of the outer skin at the end of the cable wire by making a shallow cut in the skin with a utility knife Run the knife around the cable and the jacket should slide off easily There will be 4 pairs of twisted wires exposed each of them a different color or color combination

Orange-white striped and solid orange Green-white striped and solid green Blue-white striped and solid blue Brown-white striped and solid brown

11

3 Fold each pair of wires backwards to expose the core of the cable Cut off the core and discard Straighten the twisted wires using 2 pair of tweezers Grasp a wire beneath a bend with 1 pair of tweezers and use the other pair to gently straighten the bend The straighter your wires the easier your job will be

4cut away the excess wires from then end using crimping tool

5 Insert the wire tips with the insert as far into the connector as possible The lip of the insert should be pointed down in the diagram to the left Squeeze the outer jacket into the connector as well until it reaches the jacket clamp on the connector

12

6 Insert the plug into crimper and push down the crimp tool

Obsevation You should end up with a finished connector with the gold contacts pushed in place and the outer jacket of the cable secured to the connector by the jacket clamp Arrange the conductors in the order shown

13

FOR 568A CONFIGURATION WhiteGreen Green WhiteOrange Blue WhiteBlue Orange WhiteBrown BrownFOR 568B CONFIGURATION WhiteOrange Orange WhiteGreen Blue WhiteBlue Green WhiteBrown Brown

Result

Precaution When inserting the untwisted wires into the RJ-45 connector press the cord beneath the

untwisted wires between your thumb and forefinger to help keep the wires straight

Conclusion

14

15

EXPERIMENT NO-2

AIM Install a wireless network adapter

APPARATUS 1-Desktop or Laptop PC

2-One D-Link AirPlus G+ Wireless Utility Adapter Networ Interface Card

3-One PC installed with a Microsoft Operating System

4-One Screwdriver for PCI card installation

THEORYA wireless local area network(LAN) is a flexible data communications system implemented as an extension to or as an alternative for a wired LAN

Using radio frequency (RF) technology wireless LANs transmit and receive data over the air minimizing the need for wired connections Thus combining data connectivity with user mobility Provides the link between a computer and the network

Requires a device driver to perform both data-link and physical layer functions Plugs into a bus slot or universal serial bus (USB) port on a computer Also referred to as a network interface card (NIC)

a) They use specialized physical and data link protocols

b) They integrate into existing networks through access points which provide a bridging function

c) They let you stay connected as you roam from one coverage area to another

d) They have unique security considerations

e) They have specific interoperability requirements

16

f) They require different hardware

g) They offer performance that differs from wired LANs

TRANSMISSION FUNCTIONS

Network interface adapters perform the following functions during data transmission

a) Data transfer buffering and encapsulation

b) Media Access Control (MAC)

c) Parallel serial conversion

d) Signal encoding and amplification

Procedure

StepA How to determine if you have a wireless network adapter

1 Before using your computer check to see if it already has a wireless network adapter2 To find out whether you already have a wireless network adapter

3 Click Start and then click Control Panel4 Click Network and Internet Connections5 Under or pick a Control Panel icon click Network Connections6 Microsoft Windows XP displays your network adapters Wireless network adapters are

labeled Wireless Network Connection If an adapter displays a red X it is disconnected If the Network Connections window is blank your computer doesnt yet have a wired or wireless network adapter

If you already have a wireless network adapter you can set up your wireless network

NOTE If your portable computer has a built-in wireless network adapter but it doesnt appear to be enabled or working check the back front and sides of the computer for a wireless adapter switch Many laptops include a switch so that you can turn the adapter off to reduce battery consumption

StepB How to install a wireless USB network adapter

1 Adding a USB wireless network adapter is by far the easiest way to install an adapter2 To install a wireless USB network adapter

3 Before purchasing a wireless USB network adapter find an available USB port on your computer

4 Purchase a wireless USB network adapter

17

5 If you had to shut down your computer to get to the USB port you can now turn on your computer Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

6 Connect your USB adapter to the unused USB port on your computer7 After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then

notifies you when installation is finished8 If you are installing a wireless network adapter with a separate antenna place the antenna

in a location where you can get a clear wireless signal Typically you will get a stronger signal (and a faster network connection) if you place your antenna away from walls and in a location where it is not blocked by your monitor or computer

Now you can set up your wireless network

StepC How to install a wireless CardBus or CF (compact flash) network adapter

1 Many portable computers have either a CardBus or CF card slot (theyre the same thing but the CF card slot is slightly newer and smaller) CardBus and CF cards are more convenient and easier to travel with than USB network adapters for portable computers because the card fits neatly into a slot on the side of your computer

2 To install a wireless CardBus or CF network adapter

3 Purchase a wireless CardBus or CF network adapter4 Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the

manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

5 Insert your network adapter into a slot on your computer6 After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then

notifies you when installation is finished

StepD How to install a wireless internal network adapter

1 Internal network adapters are more complicated to install than USB network adapters because they go inside your computer Also they can be installed only in desktop computers that have a space (generally called a slot) available If you are not comfortable opening your computers case you can have a technician install the hardware

2 To install a wireless internal network adapter

3 If your computer has an available slot purchase a wireless internal network adapter4 Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the

manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

5 On the Start menu click Turn Off Computer and then click Turn Off

18

6 After your computer shuts down make note of where each cable is connected to the back of your computer A handy way to do this is to tape a note to each cable with a number or letter on it and put a matching note next to the spot on your computer where the cable plugs in Then unplug all cables from your computer

7 Lay your computer on a desk table or other flat surface Follow the manufacturers instructions to open your computer Depending on the case you may need to remove screws on the back of your computer Unlike a watch or TV most manufacturers design computers so that users can open them up

8 The slots are located at the back of the computer typically in the bottom section of the case Locate an empty slot that fits your card If necessary remove the small metal panel covering the opening of the slot and save the screw

9 Remove the antenna from the network adapter10 Touch an unpainted portion of your computers case to discharge any static electricity

Then carefully insert the network adapter into the open slot Gently wiggle the card back and forth until it rests firmly in the slot

11 Replace the screw that you removed in step 6 to hold the card in place12 Attach the antenna to the network adapter13 Close the computer case14 Reconnect all cables to your computer start your computer and log on to Windows

After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then notifies you when installation is finished

15 The Service Set Identifier (SSID) is a unique identifier that stations must use to be able to communicate with an AP The SSID can be any alphanumeric entry up to a maximum of 32 characters

Obsevation Network adopter signal can be check from control panel

19

Result

Precaution Notice the different shape on the right hand side of the cards

Which card is located in the top of the graphic

Which card is located on bottom

Conclusion

EXPERIMENT NO -3

AIM TO MAKE WIRELESS ADHOC NETWORK

APPARATUS

1-Wireless lan adapter card

2-PC(SP2)

THEORY An ad hoc network is a temporary connection between computers and devices used for a specific purpose such as sharing documents during a meeting or playing multiple-player computer games You can also temporarily share an Internet connection with other people on your ad hoc network so those people donrsquot have to set up their own Internet connections Ad hoc networks can only be wireless so you must have a wireless network adapter installed in your computer to set up or join an ad hoc network

Procedure

PART A- FOR WINDOW ndashXP

20

1-install the wireless lan adapter card setup

2-Click Start and then click Control Panel

3 Under Pick a category click Network and Internet Connections

4 Under or pick a Control Panel icon click Network Connections

5 Right-click your wireless network connection and then click Properties

6 In the Wireless Network Connection Properties dialog box click the Wireless Networks tab

21

7 On the Wireless Networks tab under Preferred networks click Add

8 In the Wireless network properties dialog box on the Association tab type the name of your ad hoc wireless network in Network name (SSID) box (shown in step 10) For example you could name your wireless network shiva

22

9 Clear the The key is provided for me automatically check box and select the This is a computer-to-computer (ad hoc) network check box

10 Create a 13-digit password and type it in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes For the best security include letters numbers and punctuation Then click OK

11 Click OK again to save your changes

Part 2 Manually configure an IP address on computer A

1 Right click Wireless Network Connection and select Properties

2On General tab please double click Internet Protocol (TCPIP)

23

3Tick Use the following IP address and input the IP address and Subnet mask Then click OK

4Click close on Wireless Network Connection Properties window

24

Part 3 Scan for Ad Hoc network on computer B

1Right click Wireless Network Connection select View available wireless networks

2Find shiva (which is set up on computer A) network in the scan window Then double click it and click connect Anyway

25

Part 4 Manually configure an IP address on computer BThe steps are the same as which were done on computer A (Step 5 to Step 8) The point is that we need assign a different IP address for computer B and it must be in the same subnet with computer A In our scenario we can take 1921681202552552550

26

Here until all the basic settings for building an Ad Hoc network have been finished If we open the network scan window again we can see the adhoc test network says Connected

Obsevation If the computer you want to add to your network does not have built-in wireless network support install a wireless network adapter

Windows XP automatically detects the new adapter and notifies you that it found a wireless network

27

Now connect your computer to your wireless network

Note These steps apply only if youre using Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) Right-click the Wireless Network icon in the lower right corner of your screen and then click View Available Wireless Networks

Result

Precaution

1If you run into any problems consult the documentation that came with your network adapter Dont be afraid to call the manufacturers technical support department for help

2The Wireless Network Connection window appears and displays your wireless network listed with the SSID you chose If you dont see your network click Refresh Network List in the upper left corner Click your network and then click Connect in the lower right corner

3Windows XP prompts you to enter a key Type your encryption key in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes and then click Connect

Windows XP shows its progress as it connects to your network After youre connected you can close the Wireless Network Connection window

Conclusion

28

EXPERIMENT NO-4AimTo make a Wireless Access Point connectionApparatus

29

1-Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT

2-PC

3-Access Point Adapter

Theory Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have become a popular choice in network installations Implementing a WLAN is simple because installation is generally limited to installing building mounted antennas and placing the access points (AP)Local Area Networks (LANs) will quickly become a mixture of wired and wireless systems depending on the network needs

procedure

1 Open the network connection properties

2 Then open the local area connection properties

30

3Now select the internet protocol(TCPIP) and then click on the properties

31

4 Now enter different IP address from Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS

POINT and click on subnet mask then click ok

5 Open the internet explorer and input the ip addess of Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT (http10001) in the address bar

6 Double click on setup wizard

32

7 now enter the user name as admin

33

8 Now click on next tab

9 Enter the SSID (name) and select the channel and click on next

34

10 For Wep Encryption we use 10 bit hexadecimal code otherwise select the disabled now click the next botton

11 Setup will be complete

35

ObsevationThe following window will display on screen

Result

Precaution Wep Encryption key should be 10-bit hexadecimal

Conclusion The Access Point have established

36

EXPERIMENT NO-5

AIMIntroduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with internet connection

Theory Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands Ping allows a user to ping another network IP address This can help determine if the network is able to communicate with the network Helps in determining TCPIP Networks IP address as well as determine issues with the network and assists in resolving them See the ping definition for a full description

Availability

The pingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft

operating systems

Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7

PING CommandPing is a basic Internet program that lets you verify that a particular IP address exists and can accept requests The verb ping means the act of using the ping utility or command Ping is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer you are trying to reach is actually operating Various options available in the ping commandOption

-t rarrrepetitively send packets-nrarr number of echo to be sent

-lrarr sending buffer size [Max 65500 bytes]-frarr Dont fragment If this option is provided then the packet should not be fragmented and should be sent as it is-r rarrcount 1048774 record route for count hops [3rd layer device]-jrarr loose source route [Optionally it can follow different route]-krarr strict source route [MUST follow the route specified by us]

Note For loopback address you can ping it and get returns even when you are offline (not connected to any network) If you dont get any valid replies then theres a problem with the computers Network settingsExample In order to send a packet to a host [1921682301] with size of 60000 bytes each We wish to send the packets repetitivelyping -t -l 60000 1921682301rarr In order to send a packet with a size of 1000 bytes and donrsquot permit fragmenting

9

EXPERIMENT NO-1

AIM CRIMPING RJ-45 CONNECTORS

APPARATUS

1-Cable2-RJ_45 connectors3-Utility knife4-Crimping tool5-Cable tester6-Two pair of tweezer THEORY RJ-45 connectors are normally used in telephone and network cables Occasionally they are used for serial network connections When the RJ-45 connectors first came into use they were primarily used for telephones The great advances in technology created a need for another size connector and the RJ-45 was adapted to fit Today there are 2 different RJ-45 connector sizes available one for Cat 5 cable and second for Cat 6 cable The user has to make sure they have the one suited to their job The easiest way to

tell them apart is to compare them side by side The Cat 6 connector is larger than the Cat 5 connector

10

Fig11 rj-45 connector

procedure 1 Cut your cable and strip about 1rdquo of the outer jacket off the tip Remove the cablersquos cover

2 Strip 1 to 2 inches (25 to 51 cm) of the outer skin at the end of the cable wire by making a shallow cut in the skin with a utility knife Run the knife around the cable and the jacket should slide off easily There will be 4 pairs of twisted wires exposed each of them a different color or color combination

Orange-white striped and solid orange Green-white striped and solid green Blue-white striped and solid blue Brown-white striped and solid brown

11

3 Fold each pair of wires backwards to expose the core of the cable Cut off the core and discard Straighten the twisted wires using 2 pair of tweezers Grasp a wire beneath a bend with 1 pair of tweezers and use the other pair to gently straighten the bend The straighter your wires the easier your job will be

4cut away the excess wires from then end using crimping tool

5 Insert the wire tips with the insert as far into the connector as possible The lip of the insert should be pointed down in the diagram to the left Squeeze the outer jacket into the connector as well until it reaches the jacket clamp on the connector

12

6 Insert the plug into crimper and push down the crimp tool

Obsevation You should end up with a finished connector with the gold contacts pushed in place and the outer jacket of the cable secured to the connector by the jacket clamp Arrange the conductors in the order shown

13

FOR 568A CONFIGURATION WhiteGreen Green WhiteOrange Blue WhiteBlue Orange WhiteBrown BrownFOR 568B CONFIGURATION WhiteOrange Orange WhiteGreen Blue WhiteBlue Green WhiteBrown Brown

Result

Precaution When inserting the untwisted wires into the RJ-45 connector press the cord beneath the

untwisted wires between your thumb and forefinger to help keep the wires straight

Conclusion

14

15

EXPERIMENT NO-2

AIM Install a wireless network adapter

APPARATUS 1-Desktop or Laptop PC

2-One D-Link AirPlus G+ Wireless Utility Adapter Networ Interface Card

3-One PC installed with a Microsoft Operating System

4-One Screwdriver for PCI card installation

THEORYA wireless local area network(LAN) is a flexible data communications system implemented as an extension to or as an alternative for a wired LAN

Using radio frequency (RF) technology wireless LANs transmit and receive data over the air minimizing the need for wired connections Thus combining data connectivity with user mobility Provides the link between a computer and the network

Requires a device driver to perform both data-link and physical layer functions Plugs into a bus slot or universal serial bus (USB) port on a computer Also referred to as a network interface card (NIC)

a) They use specialized physical and data link protocols

b) They integrate into existing networks through access points which provide a bridging function

c) They let you stay connected as you roam from one coverage area to another

d) They have unique security considerations

e) They have specific interoperability requirements

16

f) They require different hardware

g) They offer performance that differs from wired LANs

TRANSMISSION FUNCTIONS

Network interface adapters perform the following functions during data transmission

a) Data transfer buffering and encapsulation

b) Media Access Control (MAC)

c) Parallel serial conversion

d) Signal encoding and amplification

Procedure

StepA How to determine if you have a wireless network adapter

1 Before using your computer check to see if it already has a wireless network adapter2 To find out whether you already have a wireless network adapter

3 Click Start and then click Control Panel4 Click Network and Internet Connections5 Under or pick a Control Panel icon click Network Connections6 Microsoft Windows XP displays your network adapters Wireless network adapters are

labeled Wireless Network Connection If an adapter displays a red X it is disconnected If the Network Connections window is blank your computer doesnt yet have a wired or wireless network adapter

If you already have a wireless network adapter you can set up your wireless network

NOTE If your portable computer has a built-in wireless network adapter but it doesnt appear to be enabled or working check the back front and sides of the computer for a wireless adapter switch Many laptops include a switch so that you can turn the adapter off to reduce battery consumption

StepB How to install a wireless USB network adapter

1 Adding a USB wireless network adapter is by far the easiest way to install an adapter2 To install a wireless USB network adapter

3 Before purchasing a wireless USB network adapter find an available USB port on your computer

4 Purchase a wireless USB network adapter

17

5 If you had to shut down your computer to get to the USB port you can now turn on your computer Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

6 Connect your USB adapter to the unused USB port on your computer7 After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then

notifies you when installation is finished8 If you are installing a wireless network adapter with a separate antenna place the antenna

in a location where you can get a clear wireless signal Typically you will get a stronger signal (and a faster network connection) if you place your antenna away from walls and in a location where it is not blocked by your monitor or computer

Now you can set up your wireless network

StepC How to install a wireless CardBus or CF (compact flash) network adapter

1 Many portable computers have either a CardBus or CF card slot (theyre the same thing but the CF card slot is slightly newer and smaller) CardBus and CF cards are more convenient and easier to travel with than USB network adapters for portable computers because the card fits neatly into a slot on the side of your computer

2 To install a wireless CardBus or CF network adapter

3 Purchase a wireless CardBus or CF network adapter4 Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the

manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

5 Insert your network adapter into a slot on your computer6 After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then

notifies you when installation is finished

StepD How to install a wireless internal network adapter

1 Internal network adapters are more complicated to install than USB network adapters because they go inside your computer Also they can be installed only in desktop computers that have a space (generally called a slot) available If you are not comfortable opening your computers case you can have a technician install the hardware

2 To install a wireless internal network adapter

3 If your computer has an available slot purchase a wireless internal network adapter4 Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the

manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

5 On the Start menu click Turn Off Computer and then click Turn Off

18

6 After your computer shuts down make note of where each cable is connected to the back of your computer A handy way to do this is to tape a note to each cable with a number or letter on it and put a matching note next to the spot on your computer where the cable plugs in Then unplug all cables from your computer

7 Lay your computer on a desk table or other flat surface Follow the manufacturers instructions to open your computer Depending on the case you may need to remove screws on the back of your computer Unlike a watch or TV most manufacturers design computers so that users can open them up

8 The slots are located at the back of the computer typically in the bottom section of the case Locate an empty slot that fits your card If necessary remove the small metal panel covering the opening of the slot and save the screw

9 Remove the antenna from the network adapter10 Touch an unpainted portion of your computers case to discharge any static electricity

Then carefully insert the network adapter into the open slot Gently wiggle the card back and forth until it rests firmly in the slot

11 Replace the screw that you removed in step 6 to hold the card in place12 Attach the antenna to the network adapter13 Close the computer case14 Reconnect all cables to your computer start your computer and log on to Windows

After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then notifies you when installation is finished

15 The Service Set Identifier (SSID) is a unique identifier that stations must use to be able to communicate with an AP The SSID can be any alphanumeric entry up to a maximum of 32 characters

Obsevation Network adopter signal can be check from control panel

19

Result

Precaution Notice the different shape on the right hand side of the cards

Which card is located in the top of the graphic

Which card is located on bottom

Conclusion

EXPERIMENT NO -3

AIM TO MAKE WIRELESS ADHOC NETWORK

APPARATUS

1-Wireless lan adapter card

2-PC(SP2)

THEORY An ad hoc network is a temporary connection between computers and devices used for a specific purpose such as sharing documents during a meeting or playing multiple-player computer games You can also temporarily share an Internet connection with other people on your ad hoc network so those people donrsquot have to set up their own Internet connections Ad hoc networks can only be wireless so you must have a wireless network adapter installed in your computer to set up or join an ad hoc network

Procedure

PART A- FOR WINDOW ndashXP

20

1-install the wireless lan adapter card setup

2-Click Start and then click Control Panel

3 Under Pick a category click Network and Internet Connections

4 Under or pick a Control Panel icon click Network Connections

5 Right-click your wireless network connection and then click Properties

6 In the Wireless Network Connection Properties dialog box click the Wireless Networks tab

21

7 On the Wireless Networks tab under Preferred networks click Add

8 In the Wireless network properties dialog box on the Association tab type the name of your ad hoc wireless network in Network name (SSID) box (shown in step 10) For example you could name your wireless network shiva

22

9 Clear the The key is provided for me automatically check box and select the This is a computer-to-computer (ad hoc) network check box

10 Create a 13-digit password and type it in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes For the best security include letters numbers and punctuation Then click OK

11 Click OK again to save your changes

Part 2 Manually configure an IP address on computer A

1 Right click Wireless Network Connection and select Properties

2On General tab please double click Internet Protocol (TCPIP)

23

3Tick Use the following IP address and input the IP address and Subnet mask Then click OK

4Click close on Wireless Network Connection Properties window

24

Part 3 Scan for Ad Hoc network on computer B

1Right click Wireless Network Connection select View available wireless networks

2Find shiva (which is set up on computer A) network in the scan window Then double click it and click connect Anyway

25

Part 4 Manually configure an IP address on computer BThe steps are the same as which were done on computer A (Step 5 to Step 8) The point is that we need assign a different IP address for computer B and it must be in the same subnet with computer A In our scenario we can take 1921681202552552550

26

Here until all the basic settings for building an Ad Hoc network have been finished If we open the network scan window again we can see the adhoc test network says Connected

Obsevation If the computer you want to add to your network does not have built-in wireless network support install a wireless network adapter

Windows XP automatically detects the new adapter and notifies you that it found a wireless network

27

Now connect your computer to your wireless network

Note These steps apply only if youre using Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) Right-click the Wireless Network icon in the lower right corner of your screen and then click View Available Wireless Networks

Result

Precaution

1If you run into any problems consult the documentation that came with your network adapter Dont be afraid to call the manufacturers technical support department for help

2The Wireless Network Connection window appears and displays your wireless network listed with the SSID you chose If you dont see your network click Refresh Network List in the upper left corner Click your network and then click Connect in the lower right corner

3Windows XP prompts you to enter a key Type your encryption key in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes and then click Connect

Windows XP shows its progress as it connects to your network After youre connected you can close the Wireless Network Connection window

Conclusion

28

EXPERIMENT NO-4AimTo make a Wireless Access Point connectionApparatus

29

1-Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT

2-PC

3-Access Point Adapter

Theory Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have become a popular choice in network installations Implementing a WLAN is simple because installation is generally limited to installing building mounted antennas and placing the access points (AP)Local Area Networks (LANs) will quickly become a mixture of wired and wireless systems depending on the network needs

procedure

1 Open the network connection properties

2 Then open the local area connection properties

30

3Now select the internet protocol(TCPIP) and then click on the properties

31

4 Now enter different IP address from Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS

POINT and click on subnet mask then click ok

5 Open the internet explorer and input the ip addess of Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT (http10001) in the address bar

6 Double click on setup wizard

32

7 now enter the user name as admin

33

8 Now click on next tab

9 Enter the SSID (name) and select the channel and click on next

34

10 For Wep Encryption we use 10 bit hexadecimal code otherwise select the disabled now click the next botton

11 Setup will be complete

35

ObsevationThe following window will display on screen

Result

Precaution Wep Encryption key should be 10-bit hexadecimal

Conclusion The Access Point have established

36

EXPERIMENT NO-5

AIMIntroduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with internet connection

Theory Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands Ping allows a user to ping another network IP address This can help determine if the network is able to communicate with the network Helps in determining TCPIP Networks IP address as well as determine issues with the network and assists in resolving them See the ping definition for a full description

Availability

The pingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft

operating systems

Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7

PING CommandPing is a basic Internet program that lets you verify that a particular IP address exists and can accept requests The verb ping means the act of using the ping utility or command Ping is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer you are trying to reach is actually operating Various options available in the ping commandOption

-t rarrrepetitively send packets-nrarr number of echo to be sent

-lrarr sending buffer size [Max 65500 bytes]-frarr Dont fragment If this option is provided then the packet should not be fragmented and should be sent as it is-r rarrcount 1048774 record route for count hops [3rd layer device]-jrarr loose source route [Optionally it can follow different route]-krarr strict source route [MUST follow the route specified by us]

Note For loopback address you can ping it and get returns even when you are offline (not connected to any network) If you dont get any valid replies then theres a problem with the computers Network settingsExample In order to send a packet to a host [1921682301] with size of 60000 bytes each We wish to send the packets repetitivelyping -t -l 60000 1921682301rarr In order to send a packet with a size of 1000 bytes and donrsquot permit fragmenting

10

Fig11 rj-45 connector

procedure 1 Cut your cable and strip about 1rdquo of the outer jacket off the tip Remove the cablersquos cover

2 Strip 1 to 2 inches (25 to 51 cm) of the outer skin at the end of the cable wire by making a shallow cut in the skin with a utility knife Run the knife around the cable and the jacket should slide off easily There will be 4 pairs of twisted wires exposed each of them a different color or color combination

Orange-white striped and solid orange Green-white striped and solid green Blue-white striped and solid blue Brown-white striped and solid brown

11

3 Fold each pair of wires backwards to expose the core of the cable Cut off the core and discard Straighten the twisted wires using 2 pair of tweezers Grasp a wire beneath a bend with 1 pair of tweezers and use the other pair to gently straighten the bend The straighter your wires the easier your job will be

4cut away the excess wires from then end using crimping tool

5 Insert the wire tips with the insert as far into the connector as possible The lip of the insert should be pointed down in the diagram to the left Squeeze the outer jacket into the connector as well until it reaches the jacket clamp on the connector

12

6 Insert the plug into crimper and push down the crimp tool

Obsevation You should end up with a finished connector with the gold contacts pushed in place and the outer jacket of the cable secured to the connector by the jacket clamp Arrange the conductors in the order shown

13

FOR 568A CONFIGURATION WhiteGreen Green WhiteOrange Blue WhiteBlue Orange WhiteBrown BrownFOR 568B CONFIGURATION WhiteOrange Orange WhiteGreen Blue WhiteBlue Green WhiteBrown Brown

Result

Precaution When inserting the untwisted wires into the RJ-45 connector press the cord beneath the

untwisted wires between your thumb and forefinger to help keep the wires straight

Conclusion

14

15

EXPERIMENT NO-2

AIM Install a wireless network adapter

APPARATUS 1-Desktop or Laptop PC

2-One D-Link AirPlus G+ Wireless Utility Adapter Networ Interface Card

3-One PC installed with a Microsoft Operating System

4-One Screwdriver for PCI card installation

THEORYA wireless local area network(LAN) is a flexible data communications system implemented as an extension to or as an alternative for a wired LAN

Using radio frequency (RF) technology wireless LANs transmit and receive data over the air minimizing the need for wired connections Thus combining data connectivity with user mobility Provides the link between a computer and the network

Requires a device driver to perform both data-link and physical layer functions Plugs into a bus slot or universal serial bus (USB) port on a computer Also referred to as a network interface card (NIC)

a) They use specialized physical and data link protocols

b) They integrate into existing networks through access points which provide a bridging function

c) They let you stay connected as you roam from one coverage area to another

d) They have unique security considerations

e) They have specific interoperability requirements

16

f) They require different hardware

g) They offer performance that differs from wired LANs

TRANSMISSION FUNCTIONS

Network interface adapters perform the following functions during data transmission

a) Data transfer buffering and encapsulation

b) Media Access Control (MAC)

c) Parallel serial conversion

d) Signal encoding and amplification

Procedure

StepA How to determine if you have a wireless network adapter

1 Before using your computer check to see if it already has a wireless network adapter2 To find out whether you already have a wireless network adapter

3 Click Start and then click Control Panel4 Click Network and Internet Connections5 Under or pick a Control Panel icon click Network Connections6 Microsoft Windows XP displays your network adapters Wireless network adapters are

labeled Wireless Network Connection If an adapter displays a red X it is disconnected If the Network Connections window is blank your computer doesnt yet have a wired or wireless network adapter

If you already have a wireless network adapter you can set up your wireless network

NOTE If your portable computer has a built-in wireless network adapter but it doesnt appear to be enabled or working check the back front and sides of the computer for a wireless adapter switch Many laptops include a switch so that you can turn the adapter off to reduce battery consumption

StepB How to install a wireless USB network adapter

1 Adding a USB wireless network adapter is by far the easiest way to install an adapter2 To install a wireless USB network adapter

3 Before purchasing a wireless USB network adapter find an available USB port on your computer

4 Purchase a wireless USB network adapter

17

5 If you had to shut down your computer to get to the USB port you can now turn on your computer Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

6 Connect your USB adapter to the unused USB port on your computer7 After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then

notifies you when installation is finished8 If you are installing a wireless network adapter with a separate antenna place the antenna

in a location where you can get a clear wireless signal Typically you will get a stronger signal (and a faster network connection) if you place your antenna away from walls and in a location where it is not blocked by your monitor or computer

Now you can set up your wireless network

StepC How to install a wireless CardBus or CF (compact flash) network adapter

1 Many portable computers have either a CardBus or CF card slot (theyre the same thing but the CF card slot is slightly newer and smaller) CardBus and CF cards are more convenient and easier to travel with than USB network adapters for portable computers because the card fits neatly into a slot on the side of your computer

2 To install a wireless CardBus or CF network adapter

3 Purchase a wireless CardBus or CF network adapter4 Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the

manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

5 Insert your network adapter into a slot on your computer6 After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then

notifies you when installation is finished

StepD How to install a wireless internal network adapter

1 Internal network adapters are more complicated to install than USB network adapters because they go inside your computer Also they can be installed only in desktop computers that have a space (generally called a slot) available If you are not comfortable opening your computers case you can have a technician install the hardware

2 To install a wireless internal network adapter

3 If your computer has an available slot purchase a wireless internal network adapter4 Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the

manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

5 On the Start menu click Turn Off Computer and then click Turn Off

18

6 After your computer shuts down make note of where each cable is connected to the back of your computer A handy way to do this is to tape a note to each cable with a number or letter on it and put a matching note next to the spot on your computer where the cable plugs in Then unplug all cables from your computer

7 Lay your computer on a desk table or other flat surface Follow the manufacturers instructions to open your computer Depending on the case you may need to remove screws on the back of your computer Unlike a watch or TV most manufacturers design computers so that users can open them up

8 The slots are located at the back of the computer typically in the bottom section of the case Locate an empty slot that fits your card If necessary remove the small metal panel covering the opening of the slot and save the screw

9 Remove the antenna from the network adapter10 Touch an unpainted portion of your computers case to discharge any static electricity

Then carefully insert the network adapter into the open slot Gently wiggle the card back and forth until it rests firmly in the slot

11 Replace the screw that you removed in step 6 to hold the card in place12 Attach the antenna to the network adapter13 Close the computer case14 Reconnect all cables to your computer start your computer and log on to Windows

After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then notifies you when installation is finished

15 The Service Set Identifier (SSID) is a unique identifier that stations must use to be able to communicate with an AP The SSID can be any alphanumeric entry up to a maximum of 32 characters

Obsevation Network adopter signal can be check from control panel

19

Result

Precaution Notice the different shape on the right hand side of the cards

Which card is located in the top of the graphic

Which card is located on bottom

Conclusion

EXPERIMENT NO -3

AIM TO MAKE WIRELESS ADHOC NETWORK

APPARATUS

1-Wireless lan adapter card

2-PC(SP2)

THEORY An ad hoc network is a temporary connection between computers and devices used for a specific purpose such as sharing documents during a meeting or playing multiple-player computer games You can also temporarily share an Internet connection with other people on your ad hoc network so those people donrsquot have to set up their own Internet connections Ad hoc networks can only be wireless so you must have a wireless network adapter installed in your computer to set up or join an ad hoc network

Procedure

PART A- FOR WINDOW ndashXP

20

1-install the wireless lan adapter card setup

2-Click Start and then click Control Panel

3 Under Pick a category click Network and Internet Connections

4 Under or pick a Control Panel icon click Network Connections

5 Right-click your wireless network connection and then click Properties

6 In the Wireless Network Connection Properties dialog box click the Wireless Networks tab

21

7 On the Wireless Networks tab under Preferred networks click Add

8 In the Wireless network properties dialog box on the Association tab type the name of your ad hoc wireless network in Network name (SSID) box (shown in step 10) For example you could name your wireless network shiva

22

9 Clear the The key is provided for me automatically check box and select the This is a computer-to-computer (ad hoc) network check box

10 Create a 13-digit password and type it in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes For the best security include letters numbers and punctuation Then click OK

11 Click OK again to save your changes

Part 2 Manually configure an IP address on computer A

1 Right click Wireless Network Connection and select Properties

2On General tab please double click Internet Protocol (TCPIP)

23

3Tick Use the following IP address and input the IP address and Subnet mask Then click OK

4Click close on Wireless Network Connection Properties window

24

Part 3 Scan for Ad Hoc network on computer B

1Right click Wireless Network Connection select View available wireless networks

2Find shiva (which is set up on computer A) network in the scan window Then double click it and click connect Anyway

25

Part 4 Manually configure an IP address on computer BThe steps are the same as which were done on computer A (Step 5 to Step 8) The point is that we need assign a different IP address for computer B and it must be in the same subnet with computer A In our scenario we can take 1921681202552552550

26

Here until all the basic settings for building an Ad Hoc network have been finished If we open the network scan window again we can see the adhoc test network says Connected

Obsevation If the computer you want to add to your network does not have built-in wireless network support install a wireless network adapter

Windows XP automatically detects the new adapter and notifies you that it found a wireless network

27

Now connect your computer to your wireless network

Note These steps apply only if youre using Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) Right-click the Wireless Network icon in the lower right corner of your screen and then click View Available Wireless Networks

Result

Precaution

1If you run into any problems consult the documentation that came with your network adapter Dont be afraid to call the manufacturers technical support department for help

2The Wireless Network Connection window appears and displays your wireless network listed with the SSID you chose If you dont see your network click Refresh Network List in the upper left corner Click your network and then click Connect in the lower right corner

3Windows XP prompts you to enter a key Type your encryption key in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes and then click Connect

Windows XP shows its progress as it connects to your network After youre connected you can close the Wireless Network Connection window

Conclusion

28

EXPERIMENT NO-4AimTo make a Wireless Access Point connectionApparatus

29

1-Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT

2-PC

3-Access Point Adapter

Theory Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have become a popular choice in network installations Implementing a WLAN is simple because installation is generally limited to installing building mounted antennas and placing the access points (AP)Local Area Networks (LANs) will quickly become a mixture of wired and wireless systems depending on the network needs

procedure

1 Open the network connection properties

2 Then open the local area connection properties

30

3Now select the internet protocol(TCPIP) and then click on the properties

31

4 Now enter different IP address from Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS

POINT and click on subnet mask then click ok

5 Open the internet explorer and input the ip addess of Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT (http10001) in the address bar

6 Double click on setup wizard

32

7 now enter the user name as admin

33

8 Now click on next tab

9 Enter the SSID (name) and select the channel and click on next

34

10 For Wep Encryption we use 10 bit hexadecimal code otherwise select the disabled now click the next botton

11 Setup will be complete

35

ObsevationThe following window will display on screen

Result

Precaution Wep Encryption key should be 10-bit hexadecimal

Conclusion The Access Point have established

36

EXPERIMENT NO-5

AIMIntroduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with internet connection

Theory Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands Ping allows a user to ping another network IP address This can help determine if the network is able to communicate with the network Helps in determining TCPIP Networks IP address as well as determine issues with the network and assists in resolving them See the ping definition for a full description

Availability

The pingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft

operating systems

Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7

PING CommandPing is a basic Internet program that lets you verify that a particular IP address exists and can accept requests The verb ping means the act of using the ping utility or command Ping is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer you are trying to reach is actually operating Various options available in the ping commandOption

-t rarrrepetitively send packets-nrarr number of echo to be sent

-lrarr sending buffer size [Max 65500 bytes]-frarr Dont fragment If this option is provided then the packet should not be fragmented and should be sent as it is-r rarrcount 1048774 record route for count hops [3rd layer device]-jrarr loose source route [Optionally it can follow different route]-krarr strict source route [MUST follow the route specified by us]

Note For loopback address you can ping it and get returns even when you are offline (not connected to any network) If you dont get any valid replies then theres a problem with the computers Network settingsExample In order to send a packet to a host [1921682301] with size of 60000 bytes each We wish to send the packets repetitivelyping -t -l 60000 1921682301rarr In order to send a packet with a size of 1000 bytes and donrsquot permit fragmenting

11

3 Fold each pair of wires backwards to expose the core of the cable Cut off the core and discard Straighten the twisted wires using 2 pair of tweezers Grasp a wire beneath a bend with 1 pair of tweezers and use the other pair to gently straighten the bend The straighter your wires the easier your job will be

4cut away the excess wires from then end using crimping tool

5 Insert the wire tips with the insert as far into the connector as possible The lip of the insert should be pointed down in the diagram to the left Squeeze the outer jacket into the connector as well until it reaches the jacket clamp on the connector

12

6 Insert the plug into crimper and push down the crimp tool

Obsevation You should end up with a finished connector with the gold contacts pushed in place and the outer jacket of the cable secured to the connector by the jacket clamp Arrange the conductors in the order shown

13

FOR 568A CONFIGURATION WhiteGreen Green WhiteOrange Blue WhiteBlue Orange WhiteBrown BrownFOR 568B CONFIGURATION WhiteOrange Orange WhiteGreen Blue WhiteBlue Green WhiteBrown Brown

Result

Precaution When inserting the untwisted wires into the RJ-45 connector press the cord beneath the

untwisted wires between your thumb and forefinger to help keep the wires straight

Conclusion

14

15

EXPERIMENT NO-2

AIM Install a wireless network adapter

APPARATUS 1-Desktop or Laptop PC

2-One D-Link AirPlus G+ Wireless Utility Adapter Networ Interface Card

3-One PC installed with a Microsoft Operating System

4-One Screwdriver for PCI card installation

THEORYA wireless local area network(LAN) is a flexible data communications system implemented as an extension to or as an alternative for a wired LAN

Using radio frequency (RF) technology wireless LANs transmit and receive data over the air minimizing the need for wired connections Thus combining data connectivity with user mobility Provides the link between a computer and the network

Requires a device driver to perform both data-link and physical layer functions Plugs into a bus slot or universal serial bus (USB) port on a computer Also referred to as a network interface card (NIC)

a) They use specialized physical and data link protocols

b) They integrate into existing networks through access points which provide a bridging function

c) They let you stay connected as you roam from one coverage area to another

d) They have unique security considerations

e) They have specific interoperability requirements

16

f) They require different hardware

g) They offer performance that differs from wired LANs

TRANSMISSION FUNCTIONS

Network interface adapters perform the following functions during data transmission

a) Data transfer buffering and encapsulation

b) Media Access Control (MAC)

c) Parallel serial conversion

d) Signal encoding and amplification

Procedure

StepA How to determine if you have a wireless network adapter

1 Before using your computer check to see if it already has a wireless network adapter2 To find out whether you already have a wireless network adapter

3 Click Start and then click Control Panel4 Click Network and Internet Connections5 Under or pick a Control Panel icon click Network Connections6 Microsoft Windows XP displays your network adapters Wireless network adapters are

labeled Wireless Network Connection If an adapter displays a red X it is disconnected If the Network Connections window is blank your computer doesnt yet have a wired or wireless network adapter

If you already have a wireless network adapter you can set up your wireless network

NOTE If your portable computer has a built-in wireless network adapter but it doesnt appear to be enabled or working check the back front and sides of the computer for a wireless adapter switch Many laptops include a switch so that you can turn the adapter off to reduce battery consumption

StepB How to install a wireless USB network adapter

1 Adding a USB wireless network adapter is by far the easiest way to install an adapter2 To install a wireless USB network adapter

3 Before purchasing a wireless USB network adapter find an available USB port on your computer

4 Purchase a wireless USB network adapter

17

5 If you had to shut down your computer to get to the USB port you can now turn on your computer Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

6 Connect your USB adapter to the unused USB port on your computer7 After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then

notifies you when installation is finished8 If you are installing a wireless network adapter with a separate antenna place the antenna

in a location where you can get a clear wireless signal Typically you will get a stronger signal (and a faster network connection) if you place your antenna away from walls and in a location where it is not blocked by your monitor or computer

Now you can set up your wireless network

StepC How to install a wireless CardBus or CF (compact flash) network adapter

1 Many portable computers have either a CardBus or CF card slot (theyre the same thing but the CF card slot is slightly newer and smaller) CardBus and CF cards are more convenient and easier to travel with than USB network adapters for portable computers because the card fits neatly into a slot on the side of your computer

2 To install a wireless CardBus or CF network adapter

3 Purchase a wireless CardBus or CF network adapter4 Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the

manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

5 Insert your network adapter into a slot on your computer6 After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then

notifies you when installation is finished

StepD How to install a wireless internal network adapter

1 Internal network adapters are more complicated to install than USB network adapters because they go inside your computer Also they can be installed only in desktop computers that have a space (generally called a slot) available If you are not comfortable opening your computers case you can have a technician install the hardware

2 To install a wireless internal network adapter

3 If your computer has an available slot purchase a wireless internal network adapter4 Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the

manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

5 On the Start menu click Turn Off Computer and then click Turn Off

18

6 After your computer shuts down make note of where each cable is connected to the back of your computer A handy way to do this is to tape a note to each cable with a number or letter on it and put a matching note next to the spot on your computer where the cable plugs in Then unplug all cables from your computer

7 Lay your computer on a desk table or other flat surface Follow the manufacturers instructions to open your computer Depending on the case you may need to remove screws on the back of your computer Unlike a watch or TV most manufacturers design computers so that users can open them up

8 The slots are located at the back of the computer typically in the bottom section of the case Locate an empty slot that fits your card If necessary remove the small metal panel covering the opening of the slot and save the screw

9 Remove the antenna from the network adapter10 Touch an unpainted portion of your computers case to discharge any static electricity

Then carefully insert the network adapter into the open slot Gently wiggle the card back and forth until it rests firmly in the slot

11 Replace the screw that you removed in step 6 to hold the card in place12 Attach the antenna to the network adapter13 Close the computer case14 Reconnect all cables to your computer start your computer and log on to Windows

After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then notifies you when installation is finished

15 The Service Set Identifier (SSID) is a unique identifier that stations must use to be able to communicate with an AP The SSID can be any alphanumeric entry up to a maximum of 32 characters

Obsevation Network adopter signal can be check from control panel

19

Result

Precaution Notice the different shape on the right hand side of the cards

Which card is located in the top of the graphic

Which card is located on bottom

Conclusion

EXPERIMENT NO -3

AIM TO MAKE WIRELESS ADHOC NETWORK

APPARATUS

1-Wireless lan adapter card

2-PC(SP2)

THEORY An ad hoc network is a temporary connection between computers and devices used for a specific purpose such as sharing documents during a meeting or playing multiple-player computer games You can also temporarily share an Internet connection with other people on your ad hoc network so those people donrsquot have to set up their own Internet connections Ad hoc networks can only be wireless so you must have a wireless network adapter installed in your computer to set up or join an ad hoc network

Procedure

PART A- FOR WINDOW ndashXP

20

1-install the wireless lan adapter card setup

2-Click Start and then click Control Panel

3 Under Pick a category click Network and Internet Connections

4 Under or pick a Control Panel icon click Network Connections

5 Right-click your wireless network connection and then click Properties

6 In the Wireless Network Connection Properties dialog box click the Wireless Networks tab

21

7 On the Wireless Networks tab under Preferred networks click Add

8 In the Wireless network properties dialog box on the Association tab type the name of your ad hoc wireless network in Network name (SSID) box (shown in step 10) For example you could name your wireless network shiva

22

9 Clear the The key is provided for me automatically check box and select the This is a computer-to-computer (ad hoc) network check box

10 Create a 13-digit password and type it in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes For the best security include letters numbers and punctuation Then click OK

11 Click OK again to save your changes

Part 2 Manually configure an IP address on computer A

1 Right click Wireless Network Connection and select Properties

2On General tab please double click Internet Protocol (TCPIP)

23

3Tick Use the following IP address and input the IP address and Subnet mask Then click OK

4Click close on Wireless Network Connection Properties window

24

Part 3 Scan for Ad Hoc network on computer B

1Right click Wireless Network Connection select View available wireless networks

2Find shiva (which is set up on computer A) network in the scan window Then double click it and click connect Anyway

25

Part 4 Manually configure an IP address on computer BThe steps are the same as which were done on computer A (Step 5 to Step 8) The point is that we need assign a different IP address for computer B and it must be in the same subnet with computer A In our scenario we can take 1921681202552552550

26

Here until all the basic settings for building an Ad Hoc network have been finished If we open the network scan window again we can see the adhoc test network says Connected

Obsevation If the computer you want to add to your network does not have built-in wireless network support install a wireless network adapter

Windows XP automatically detects the new adapter and notifies you that it found a wireless network

27

Now connect your computer to your wireless network

Note These steps apply only if youre using Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) Right-click the Wireless Network icon in the lower right corner of your screen and then click View Available Wireless Networks

Result

Precaution

1If you run into any problems consult the documentation that came with your network adapter Dont be afraid to call the manufacturers technical support department for help

2The Wireless Network Connection window appears and displays your wireless network listed with the SSID you chose If you dont see your network click Refresh Network List in the upper left corner Click your network and then click Connect in the lower right corner

3Windows XP prompts you to enter a key Type your encryption key in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes and then click Connect

Windows XP shows its progress as it connects to your network After youre connected you can close the Wireless Network Connection window

Conclusion

28

EXPERIMENT NO-4AimTo make a Wireless Access Point connectionApparatus

29

1-Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT

2-PC

3-Access Point Adapter

Theory Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have become a popular choice in network installations Implementing a WLAN is simple because installation is generally limited to installing building mounted antennas and placing the access points (AP)Local Area Networks (LANs) will quickly become a mixture of wired and wireless systems depending on the network needs

procedure

1 Open the network connection properties

2 Then open the local area connection properties

30

3Now select the internet protocol(TCPIP) and then click on the properties

31

4 Now enter different IP address from Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS

POINT and click on subnet mask then click ok

5 Open the internet explorer and input the ip addess of Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT (http10001) in the address bar

6 Double click on setup wizard

32

7 now enter the user name as admin

33

8 Now click on next tab

9 Enter the SSID (name) and select the channel and click on next

34

10 For Wep Encryption we use 10 bit hexadecimal code otherwise select the disabled now click the next botton

11 Setup will be complete

35

ObsevationThe following window will display on screen

Result

Precaution Wep Encryption key should be 10-bit hexadecimal

Conclusion The Access Point have established

36

EXPERIMENT NO-5

AIMIntroduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with internet connection

Theory Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands Ping allows a user to ping another network IP address This can help determine if the network is able to communicate with the network Helps in determining TCPIP Networks IP address as well as determine issues with the network and assists in resolving them See the ping definition for a full description

Availability

The pingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft

operating systems

Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7

PING CommandPing is a basic Internet program that lets you verify that a particular IP address exists and can accept requests The verb ping means the act of using the ping utility or command Ping is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer you are trying to reach is actually operating Various options available in the ping commandOption

-t rarrrepetitively send packets-nrarr number of echo to be sent

-lrarr sending buffer size [Max 65500 bytes]-frarr Dont fragment If this option is provided then the packet should not be fragmented and should be sent as it is-r rarrcount 1048774 record route for count hops [3rd layer device]-jrarr loose source route [Optionally it can follow different route]-krarr strict source route [MUST follow the route specified by us]

Note For loopback address you can ping it and get returns even when you are offline (not connected to any network) If you dont get any valid replies then theres a problem with the computers Network settingsExample In order to send a packet to a host [1921682301] with size of 60000 bytes each We wish to send the packets repetitivelyping -t -l 60000 1921682301rarr In order to send a packet with a size of 1000 bytes and donrsquot permit fragmenting

12

6 Insert the plug into crimper and push down the crimp tool

Obsevation You should end up with a finished connector with the gold contacts pushed in place and the outer jacket of the cable secured to the connector by the jacket clamp Arrange the conductors in the order shown

13

FOR 568A CONFIGURATION WhiteGreen Green WhiteOrange Blue WhiteBlue Orange WhiteBrown BrownFOR 568B CONFIGURATION WhiteOrange Orange WhiteGreen Blue WhiteBlue Green WhiteBrown Brown

Result

Precaution When inserting the untwisted wires into the RJ-45 connector press the cord beneath the

untwisted wires between your thumb and forefinger to help keep the wires straight

Conclusion

14

15

EXPERIMENT NO-2

AIM Install a wireless network adapter

APPARATUS 1-Desktop or Laptop PC

2-One D-Link AirPlus G+ Wireless Utility Adapter Networ Interface Card

3-One PC installed with a Microsoft Operating System

4-One Screwdriver for PCI card installation

THEORYA wireless local area network(LAN) is a flexible data communications system implemented as an extension to or as an alternative for a wired LAN

Using radio frequency (RF) technology wireless LANs transmit and receive data over the air minimizing the need for wired connections Thus combining data connectivity with user mobility Provides the link between a computer and the network

Requires a device driver to perform both data-link and physical layer functions Plugs into a bus slot or universal serial bus (USB) port on a computer Also referred to as a network interface card (NIC)

a) They use specialized physical and data link protocols

b) They integrate into existing networks through access points which provide a bridging function

c) They let you stay connected as you roam from one coverage area to another

d) They have unique security considerations

e) They have specific interoperability requirements

16

f) They require different hardware

g) They offer performance that differs from wired LANs

TRANSMISSION FUNCTIONS

Network interface adapters perform the following functions during data transmission

a) Data transfer buffering and encapsulation

b) Media Access Control (MAC)

c) Parallel serial conversion

d) Signal encoding and amplification

Procedure

StepA How to determine if you have a wireless network adapter

1 Before using your computer check to see if it already has a wireless network adapter2 To find out whether you already have a wireless network adapter

3 Click Start and then click Control Panel4 Click Network and Internet Connections5 Under or pick a Control Panel icon click Network Connections6 Microsoft Windows XP displays your network adapters Wireless network adapters are

labeled Wireless Network Connection If an adapter displays a red X it is disconnected If the Network Connections window is blank your computer doesnt yet have a wired or wireless network adapter

If you already have a wireless network adapter you can set up your wireless network

NOTE If your portable computer has a built-in wireless network adapter but it doesnt appear to be enabled or working check the back front and sides of the computer for a wireless adapter switch Many laptops include a switch so that you can turn the adapter off to reduce battery consumption

StepB How to install a wireless USB network adapter

1 Adding a USB wireless network adapter is by far the easiest way to install an adapter2 To install a wireless USB network adapter

3 Before purchasing a wireless USB network adapter find an available USB port on your computer

4 Purchase a wireless USB network adapter

17

5 If you had to shut down your computer to get to the USB port you can now turn on your computer Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

6 Connect your USB adapter to the unused USB port on your computer7 After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then

notifies you when installation is finished8 If you are installing a wireless network adapter with a separate antenna place the antenna

in a location where you can get a clear wireless signal Typically you will get a stronger signal (and a faster network connection) if you place your antenna away from walls and in a location where it is not blocked by your monitor or computer

Now you can set up your wireless network

StepC How to install a wireless CardBus or CF (compact flash) network adapter

1 Many portable computers have either a CardBus or CF card slot (theyre the same thing but the CF card slot is slightly newer and smaller) CardBus and CF cards are more convenient and easier to travel with than USB network adapters for portable computers because the card fits neatly into a slot on the side of your computer

2 To install a wireless CardBus or CF network adapter

3 Purchase a wireless CardBus or CF network adapter4 Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the

manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

5 Insert your network adapter into a slot on your computer6 After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then

notifies you when installation is finished

StepD How to install a wireless internal network adapter

1 Internal network adapters are more complicated to install than USB network adapters because they go inside your computer Also they can be installed only in desktop computers that have a space (generally called a slot) available If you are not comfortable opening your computers case you can have a technician install the hardware

2 To install a wireless internal network adapter

3 If your computer has an available slot purchase a wireless internal network adapter4 Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the

manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

5 On the Start menu click Turn Off Computer and then click Turn Off

18

6 After your computer shuts down make note of where each cable is connected to the back of your computer A handy way to do this is to tape a note to each cable with a number or letter on it and put a matching note next to the spot on your computer where the cable plugs in Then unplug all cables from your computer

7 Lay your computer on a desk table or other flat surface Follow the manufacturers instructions to open your computer Depending on the case you may need to remove screws on the back of your computer Unlike a watch or TV most manufacturers design computers so that users can open them up

8 The slots are located at the back of the computer typically in the bottom section of the case Locate an empty slot that fits your card If necessary remove the small metal panel covering the opening of the slot and save the screw

9 Remove the antenna from the network adapter10 Touch an unpainted portion of your computers case to discharge any static electricity

Then carefully insert the network adapter into the open slot Gently wiggle the card back and forth until it rests firmly in the slot

11 Replace the screw that you removed in step 6 to hold the card in place12 Attach the antenna to the network adapter13 Close the computer case14 Reconnect all cables to your computer start your computer and log on to Windows

After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then notifies you when installation is finished

15 The Service Set Identifier (SSID) is a unique identifier that stations must use to be able to communicate with an AP The SSID can be any alphanumeric entry up to a maximum of 32 characters

Obsevation Network adopter signal can be check from control panel

19

Result

Precaution Notice the different shape on the right hand side of the cards

Which card is located in the top of the graphic

Which card is located on bottom

Conclusion

EXPERIMENT NO -3

AIM TO MAKE WIRELESS ADHOC NETWORK

APPARATUS

1-Wireless lan adapter card

2-PC(SP2)

THEORY An ad hoc network is a temporary connection between computers and devices used for a specific purpose such as sharing documents during a meeting or playing multiple-player computer games You can also temporarily share an Internet connection with other people on your ad hoc network so those people donrsquot have to set up their own Internet connections Ad hoc networks can only be wireless so you must have a wireless network adapter installed in your computer to set up or join an ad hoc network

Procedure

PART A- FOR WINDOW ndashXP

20

1-install the wireless lan adapter card setup

2-Click Start and then click Control Panel

3 Under Pick a category click Network and Internet Connections

4 Under or pick a Control Panel icon click Network Connections

5 Right-click your wireless network connection and then click Properties

6 In the Wireless Network Connection Properties dialog box click the Wireless Networks tab

21

7 On the Wireless Networks tab under Preferred networks click Add

8 In the Wireless network properties dialog box on the Association tab type the name of your ad hoc wireless network in Network name (SSID) box (shown in step 10) For example you could name your wireless network shiva

22

9 Clear the The key is provided for me automatically check box and select the This is a computer-to-computer (ad hoc) network check box

10 Create a 13-digit password and type it in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes For the best security include letters numbers and punctuation Then click OK

11 Click OK again to save your changes

Part 2 Manually configure an IP address on computer A

1 Right click Wireless Network Connection and select Properties

2On General tab please double click Internet Protocol (TCPIP)

23

3Tick Use the following IP address and input the IP address and Subnet mask Then click OK

4Click close on Wireless Network Connection Properties window

24

Part 3 Scan for Ad Hoc network on computer B

1Right click Wireless Network Connection select View available wireless networks

2Find shiva (which is set up on computer A) network in the scan window Then double click it and click connect Anyway

25

Part 4 Manually configure an IP address on computer BThe steps are the same as which were done on computer A (Step 5 to Step 8) The point is that we need assign a different IP address for computer B and it must be in the same subnet with computer A In our scenario we can take 1921681202552552550

26

Here until all the basic settings for building an Ad Hoc network have been finished If we open the network scan window again we can see the adhoc test network says Connected

Obsevation If the computer you want to add to your network does not have built-in wireless network support install a wireless network adapter

Windows XP automatically detects the new adapter and notifies you that it found a wireless network

27

Now connect your computer to your wireless network

Note These steps apply only if youre using Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) Right-click the Wireless Network icon in the lower right corner of your screen and then click View Available Wireless Networks

Result

Precaution

1If you run into any problems consult the documentation that came with your network adapter Dont be afraid to call the manufacturers technical support department for help

2The Wireless Network Connection window appears and displays your wireless network listed with the SSID you chose If you dont see your network click Refresh Network List in the upper left corner Click your network and then click Connect in the lower right corner

3Windows XP prompts you to enter a key Type your encryption key in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes and then click Connect

Windows XP shows its progress as it connects to your network After youre connected you can close the Wireless Network Connection window

Conclusion

28

EXPERIMENT NO-4AimTo make a Wireless Access Point connectionApparatus

29

1-Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT

2-PC

3-Access Point Adapter

Theory Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have become a popular choice in network installations Implementing a WLAN is simple because installation is generally limited to installing building mounted antennas and placing the access points (AP)Local Area Networks (LANs) will quickly become a mixture of wired and wireless systems depending on the network needs

procedure

1 Open the network connection properties

2 Then open the local area connection properties

30

3Now select the internet protocol(TCPIP) and then click on the properties

31

4 Now enter different IP address from Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS

POINT and click on subnet mask then click ok

5 Open the internet explorer and input the ip addess of Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT (http10001) in the address bar

6 Double click on setup wizard

32

7 now enter the user name as admin

33

8 Now click on next tab

9 Enter the SSID (name) and select the channel and click on next

34

10 For Wep Encryption we use 10 bit hexadecimal code otherwise select the disabled now click the next botton

11 Setup will be complete

35

ObsevationThe following window will display on screen

Result

Precaution Wep Encryption key should be 10-bit hexadecimal

Conclusion The Access Point have established

36

EXPERIMENT NO-5

AIMIntroduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with internet connection

Theory Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands Ping allows a user to ping another network IP address This can help determine if the network is able to communicate with the network Helps in determining TCPIP Networks IP address as well as determine issues with the network and assists in resolving them See the ping definition for a full description

Availability

The pingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft

operating systems

Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7

PING CommandPing is a basic Internet program that lets you verify that a particular IP address exists and can accept requests The verb ping means the act of using the ping utility or command Ping is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer you are trying to reach is actually operating Various options available in the ping commandOption

-t rarrrepetitively send packets-nrarr number of echo to be sent

-lrarr sending buffer size [Max 65500 bytes]-frarr Dont fragment If this option is provided then the packet should not be fragmented and should be sent as it is-r rarrcount 1048774 record route for count hops [3rd layer device]-jrarr loose source route [Optionally it can follow different route]-krarr strict source route [MUST follow the route specified by us]

Note For loopback address you can ping it and get returns even when you are offline (not connected to any network) If you dont get any valid replies then theres a problem with the computers Network settingsExample In order to send a packet to a host [1921682301] with size of 60000 bytes each We wish to send the packets repetitivelyping -t -l 60000 1921682301rarr In order to send a packet with a size of 1000 bytes and donrsquot permit fragmenting

13

FOR 568A CONFIGURATION WhiteGreen Green WhiteOrange Blue WhiteBlue Orange WhiteBrown BrownFOR 568B CONFIGURATION WhiteOrange Orange WhiteGreen Blue WhiteBlue Green WhiteBrown Brown

Result

Precaution When inserting the untwisted wires into the RJ-45 connector press the cord beneath the

untwisted wires between your thumb and forefinger to help keep the wires straight

Conclusion

14

15

EXPERIMENT NO-2

AIM Install a wireless network adapter

APPARATUS 1-Desktop or Laptop PC

2-One D-Link AirPlus G+ Wireless Utility Adapter Networ Interface Card

3-One PC installed with a Microsoft Operating System

4-One Screwdriver for PCI card installation

THEORYA wireless local area network(LAN) is a flexible data communications system implemented as an extension to or as an alternative for a wired LAN

Using radio frequency (RF) technology wireless LANs transmit and receive data over the air minimizing the need for wired connections Thus combining data connectivity with user mobility Provides the link between a computer and the network

Requires a device driver to perform both data-link and physical layer functions Plugs into a bus slot or universal serial bus (USB) port on a computer Also referred to as a network interface card (NIC)

a) They use specialized physical and data link protocols

b) They integrate into existing networks through access points which provide a bridging function

c) They let you stay connected as you roam from one coverage area to another

d) They have unique security considerations

e) They have specific interoperability requirements

16

f) They require different hardware

g) They offer performance that differs from wired LANs

TRANSMISSION FUNCTIONS

Network interface adapters perform the following functions during data transmission

a) Data transfer buffering and encapsulation

b) Media Access Control (MAC)

c) Parallel serial conversion

d) Signal encoding and amplification

Procedure

StepA How to determine if you have a wireless network adapter

1 Before using your computer check to see if it already has a wireless network adapter2 To find out whether you already have a wireless network adapter

3 Click Start and then click Control Panel4 Click Network and Internet Connections5 Under or pick a Control Panel icon click Network Connections6 Microsoft Windows XP displays your network adapters Wireless network adapters are

labeled Wireless Network Connection If an adapter displays a red X it is disconnected If the Network Connections window is blank your computer doesnt yet have a wired or wireless network adapter

If you already have a wireless network adapter you can set up your wireless network

NOTE If your portable computer has a built-in wireless network adapter but it doesnt appear to be enabled or working check the back front and sides of the computer for a wireless adapter switch Many laptops include a switch so that you can turn the adapter off to reduce battery consumption

StepB How to install a wireless USB network adapter

1 Adding a USB wireless network adapter is by far the easiest way to install an adapter2 To install a wireless USB network adapter

3 Before purchasing a wireless USB network adapter find an available USB port on your computer

4 Purchase a wireless USB network adapter

17

5 If you had to shut down your computer to get to the USB port you can now turn on your computer Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

6 Connect your USB adapter to the unused USB port on your computer7 After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then

notifies you when installation is finished8 If you are installing a wireless network adapter with a separate antenna place the antenna

in a location where you can get a clear wireless signal Typically you will get a stronger signal (and a faster network connection) if you place your antenna away from walls and in a location where it is not blocked by your monitor or computer

Now you can set up your wireless network

StepC How to install a wireless CardBus or CF (compact flash) network adapter

1 Many portable computers have either a CardBus or CF card slot (theyre the same thing but the CF card slot is slightly newer and smaller) CardBus and CF cards are more convenient and easier to travel with than USB network adapters for portable computers because the card fits neatly into a slot on the side of your computer

2 To install a wireless CardBus or CF network adapter

3 Purchase a wireless CardBus or CF network adapter4 Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the

manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

5 Insert your network adapter into a slot on your computer6 After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then

notifies you when installation is finished

StepD How to install a wireless internal network adapter

1 Internal network adapters are more complicated to install than USB network adapters because they go inside your computer Also they can be installed only in desktop computers that have a space (generally called a slot) available If you are not comfortable opening your computers case you can have a technician install the hardware

2 To install a wireless internal network adapter

3 If your computer has an available slot purchase a wireless internal network adapter4 Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the

manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

5 On the Start menu click Turn Off Computer and then click Turn Off

18

6 After your computer shuts down make note of where each cable is connected to the back of your computer A handy way to do this is to tape a note to each cable with a number or letter on it and put a matching note next to the spot on your computer where the cable plugs in Then unplug all cables from your computer

7 Lay your computer on a desk table or other flat surface Follow the manufacturers instructions to open your computer Depending on the case you may need to remove screws on the back of your computer Unlike a watch or TV most manufacturers design computers so that users can open them up

8 The slots are located at the back of the computer typically in the bottom section of the case Locate an empty slot that fits your card If necessary remove the small metal panel covering the opening of the slot and save the screw

9 Remove the antenna from the network adapter10 Touch an unpainted portion of your computers case to discharge any static electricity

Then carefully insert the network adapter into the open slot Gently wiggle the card back and forth until it rests firmly in the slot

11 Replace the screw that you removed in step 6 to hold the card in place12 Attach the antenna to the network adapter13 Close the computer case14 Reconnect all cables to your computer start your computer and log on to Windows

After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then notifies you when installation is finished

15 The Service Set Identifier (SSID) is a unique identifier that stations must use to be able to communicate with an AP The SSID can be any alphanumeric entry up to a maximum of 32 characters

Obsevation Network adopter signal can be check from control panel

19

Result

Precaution Notice the different shape on the right hand side of the cards

Which card is located in the top of the graphic

Which card is located on bottom

Conclusion

EXPERIMENT NO -3

AIM TO MAKE WIRELESS ADHOC NETWORK

APPARATUS

1-Wireless lan adapter card

2-PC(SP2)

THEORY An ad hoc network is a temporary connection between computers and devices used for a specific purpose such as sharing documents during a meeting or playing multiple-player computer games You can also temporarily share an Internet connection with other people on your ad hoc network so those people donrsquot have to set up their own Internet connections Ad hoc networks can only be wireless so you must have a wireless network adapter installed in your computer to set up or join an ad hoc network

Procedure

PART A- FOR WINDOW ndashXP

20

1-install the wireless lan adapter card setup

2-Click Start and then click Control Panel

3 Under Pick a category click Network and Internet Connections

4 Under or pick a Control Panel icon click Network Connections

5 Right-click your wireless network connection and then click Properties

6 In the Wireless Network Connection Properties dialog box click the Wireless Networks tab

21

7 On the Wireless Networks tab under Preferred networks click Add

8 In the Wireless network properties dialog box on the Association tab type the name of your ad hoc wireless network in Network name (SSID) box (shown in step 10) For example you could name your wireless network shiva

22

9 Clear the The key is provided for me automatically check box and select the This is a computer-to-computer (ad hoc) network check box

10 Create a 13-digit password and type it in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes For the best security include letters numbers and punctuation Then click OK

11 Click OK again to save your changes

Part 2 Manually configure an IP address on computer A

1 Right click Wireless Network Connection and select Properties

2On General tab please double click Internet Protocol (TCPIP)

23

3Tick Use the following IP address and input the IP address and Subnet mask Then click OK

4Click close on Wireless Network Connection Properties window

24

Part 3 Scan for Ad Hoc network on computer B

1Right click Wireless Network Connection select View available wireless networks

2Find shiva (which is set up on computer A) network in the scan window Then double click it and click connect Anyway

25

Part 4 Manually configure an IP address on computer BThe steps are the same as which were done on computer A (Step 5 to Step 8) The point is that we need assign a different IP address for computer B and it must be in the same subnet with computer A In our scenario we can take 1921681202552552550

26

Here until all the basic settings for building an Ad Hoc network have been finished If we open the network scan window again we can see the adhoc test network says Connected

Obsevation If the computer you want to add to your network does not have built-in wireless network support install a wireless network adapter

Windows XP automatically detects the new adapter and notifies you that it found a wireless network

27

Now connect your computer to your wireless network

Note These steps apply only if youre using Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) Right-click the Wireless Network icon in the lower right corner of your screen and then click View Available Wireless Networks

Result

Precaution

1If you run into any problems consult the documentation that came with your network adapter Dont be afraid to call the manufacturers technical support department for help

2The Wireless Network Connection window appears and displays your wireless network listed with the SSID you chose If you dont see your network click Refresh Network List in the upper left corner Click your network and then click Connect in the lower right corner

3Windows XP prompts you to enter a key Type your encryption key in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes and then click Connect

Windows XP shows its progress as it connects to your network After youre connected you can close the Wireless Network Connection window

Conclusion

28

EXPERIMENT NO-4AimTo make a Wireless Access Point connectionApparatus

29

1-Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT

2-PC

3-Access Point Adapter

Theory Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have become a popular choice in network installations Implementing a WLAN is simple because installation is generally limited to installing building mounted antennas and placing the access points (AP)Local Area Networks (LANs) will quickly become a mixture of wired and wireless systems depending on the network needs

procedure

1 Open the network connection properties

2 Then open the local area connection properties

30

3Now select the internet protocol(TCPIP) and then click on the properties

31

4 Now enter different IP address from Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS

POINT and click on subnet mask then click ok

5 Open the internet explorer and input the ip addess of Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT (http10001) in the address bar

6 Double click on setup wizard

32

7 now enter the user name as admin

33

8 Now click on next tab

9 Enter the SSID (name) and select the channel and click on next

34

10 For Wep Encryption we use 10 bit hexadecimal code otherwise select the disabled now click the next botton

11 Setup will be complete

35

ObsevationThe following window will display on screen

Result

Precaution Wep Encryption key should be 10-bit hexadecimal

Conclusion The Access Point have established

36

EXPERIMENT NO-5

AIMIntroduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with internet connection

Theory Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands Ping allows a user to ping another network IP address This can help determine if the network is able to communicate with the network Helps in determining TCPIP Networks IP address as well as determine issues with the network and assists in resolving them See the ping definition for a full description

Availability

The pingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft

operating systems

Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7

PING CommandPing is a basic Internet program that lets you verify that a particular IP address exists and can accept requests The verb ping means the act of using the ping utility or command Ping is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer you are trying to reach is actually operating Various options available in the ping commandOption

-t rarrrepetitively send packets-nrarr number of echo to be sent

-lrarr sending buffer size [Max 65500 bytes]-frarr Dont fragment If this option is provided then the packet should not be fragmented and should be sent as it is-r rarrcount 1048774 record route for count hops [3rd layer device]-jrarr loose source route [Optionally it can follow different route]-krarr strict source route [MUST follow the route specified by us]

Note For loopback address you can ping it and get returns even when you are offline (not connected to any network) If you dont get any valid replies then theres a problem with the computers Network settingsExample In order to send a packet to a host [1921682301] with size of 60000 bytes each We wish to send the packets repetitivelyping -t -l 60000 1921682301rarr In order to send a packet with a size of 1000 bytes and donrsquot permit fragmenting

14

15

EXPERIMENT NO-2

AIM Install a wireless network adapter

APPARATUS 1-Desktop or Laptop PC

2-One D-Link AirPlus G+ Wireless Utility Adapter Networ Interface Card

3-One PC installed with a Microsoft Operating System

4-One Screwdriver for PCI card installation

THEORYA wireless local area network(LAN) is a flexible data communications system implemented as an extension to or as an alternative for a wired LAN

Using radio frequency (RF) technology wireless LANs transmit and receive data over the air minimizing the need for wired connections Thus combining data connectivity with user mobility Provides the link between a computer and the network

Requires a device driver to perform both data-link and physical layer functions Plugs into a bus slot or universal serial bus (USB) port on a computer Also referred to as a network interface card (NIC)

a) They use specialized physical and data link protocols

b) They integrate into existing networks through access points which provide a bridging function

c) They let you stay connected as you roam from one coverage area to another

d) They have unique security considerations

e) They have specific interoperability requirements

16

f) They require different hardware

g) They offer performance that differs from wired LANs

TRANSMISSION FUNCTIONS

Network interface adapters perform the following functions during data transmission

a) Data transfer buffering and encapsulation

b) Media Access Control (MAC)

c) Parallel serial conversion

d) Signal encoding and amplification

Procedure

StepA How to determine if you have a wireless network adapter

1 Before using your computer check to see if it already has a wireless network adapter2 To find out whether you already have a wireless network adapter

3 Click Start and then click Control Panel4 Click Network and Internet Connections5 Under or pick a Control Panel icon click Network Connections6 Microsoft Windows XP displays your network adapters Wireless network adapters are

labeled Wireless Network Connection If an adapter displays a red X it is disconnected If the Network Connections window is blank your computer doesnt yet have a wired or wireless network adapter

If you already have a wireless network adapter you can set up your wireless network

NOTE If your portable computer has a built-in wireless network adapter but it doesnt appear to be enabled or working check the back front and sides of the computer for a wireless adapter switch Many laptops include a switch so that you can turn the adapter off to reduce battery consumption

StepB How to install a wireless USB network adapter

1 Adding a USB wireless network adapter is by far the easiest way to install an adapter2 To install a wireless USB network adapter

3 Before purchasing a wireless USB network adapter find an available USB port on your computer

4 Purchase a wireless USB network adapter

17

5 If you had to shut down your computer to get to the USB port you can now turn on your computer Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

6 Connect your USB adapter to the unused USB port on your computer7 After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then

notifies you when installation is finished8 If you are installing a wireless network adapter with a separate antenna place the antenna

in a location where you can get a clear wireless signal Typically you will get a stronger signal (and a faster network connection) if you place your antenna away from walls and in a location where it is not blocked by your monitor or computer

Now you can set up your wireless network

StepC How to install a wireless CardBus or CF (compact flash) network adapter

1 Many portable computers have either a CardBus or CF card slot (theyre the same thing but the CF card slot is slightly newer and smaller) CardBus and CF cards are more convenient and easier to travel with than USB network adapters for portable computers because the card fits neatly into a slot on the side of your computer

2 To install a wireless CardBus or CF network adapter

3 Purchase a wireless CardBus or CF network adapter4 Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the

manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

5 Insert your network adapter into a slot on your computer6 After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then

notifies you when installation is finished

StepD How to install a wireless internal network adapter

1 Internal network adapters are more complicated to install than USB network adapters because they go inside your computer Also they can be installed only in desktop computers that have a space (generally called a slot) available If you are not comfortable opening your computers case you can have a technician install the hardware

2 To install a wireless internal network adapter

3 If your computer has an available slot purchase a wireless internal network adapter4 Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the

manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

5 On the Start menu click Turn Off Computer and then click Turn Off

18

6 After your computer shuts down make note of where each cable is connected to the back of your computer A handy way to do this is to tape a note to each cable with a number or letter on it and put a matching note next to the spot on your computer where the cable plugs in Then unplug all cables from your computer

7 Lay your computer on a desk table or other flat surface Follow the manufacturers instructions to open your computer Depending on the case you may need to remove screws on the back of your computer Unlike a watch or TV most manufacturers design computers so that users can open them up

8 The slots are located at the back of the computer typically in the bottom section of the case Locate an empty slot that fits your card If necessary remove the small metal panel covering the opening of the slot and save the screw

9 Remove the antenna from the network adapter10 Touch an unpainted portion of your computers case to discharge any static electricity

Then carefully insert the network adapter into the open slot Gently wiggle the card back and forth until it rests firmly in the slot

11 Replace the screw that you removed in step 6 to hold the card in place12 Attach the antenna to the network adapter13 Close the computer case14 Reconnect all cables to your computer start your computer and log on to Windows

After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then notifies you when installation is finished

15 The Service Set Identifier (SSID) is a unique identifier that stations must use to be able to communicate with an AP The SSID can be any alphanumeric entry up to a maximum of 32 characters

Obsevation Network adopter signal can be check from control panel

19

Result

Precaution Notice the different shape on the right hand side of the cards

Which card is located in the top of the graphic

Which card is located on bottom

Conclusion

EXPERIMENT NO -3

AIM TO MAKE WIRELESS ADHOC NETWORK

APPARATUS

1-Wireless lan adapter card

2-PC(SP2)

THEORY An ad hoc network is a temporary connection between computers and devices used for a specific purpose such as sharing documents during a meeting or playing multiple-player computer games You can also temporarily share an Internet connection with other people on your ad hoc network so those people donrsquot have to set up their own Internet connections Ad hoc networks can only be wireless so you must have a wireless network adapter installed in your computer to set up or join an ad hoc network

Procedure

PART A- FOR WINDOW ndashXP

20

1-install the wireless lan adapter card setup

2-Click Start and then click Control Panel

3 Under Pick a category click Network and Internet Connections

4 Under or pick a Control Panel icon click Network Connections

5 Right-click your wireless network connection and then click Properties

6 In the Wireless Network Connection Properties dialog box click the Wireless Networks tab

21

7 On the Wireless Networks tab under Preferred networks click Add

8 In the Wireless network properties dialog box on the Association tab type the name of your ad hoc wireless network in Network name (SSID) box (shown in step 10) For example you could name your wireless network shiva

22

9 Clear the The key is provided for me automatically check box and select the This is a computer-to-computer (ad hoc) network check box

10 Create a 13-digit password and type it in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes For the best security include letters numbers and punctuation Then click OK

11 Click OK again to save your changes

Part 2 Manually configure an IP address on computer A

1 Right click Wireless Network Connection and select Properties

2On General tab please double click Internet Protocol (TCPIP)

23

3Tick Use the following IP address and input the IP address and Subnet mask Then click OK

4Click close on Wireless Network Connection Properties window

24

Part 3 Scan for Ad Hoc network on computer B

1Right click Wireless Network Connection select View available wireless networks

2Find shiva (which is set up on computer A) network in the scan window Then double click it and click connect Anyway

25

Part 4 Manually configure an IP address on computer BThe steps are the same as which were done on computer A (Step 5 to Step 8) The point is that we need assign a different IP address for computer B and it must be in the same subnet with computer A In our scenario we can take 1921681202552552550

26

Here until all the basic settings for building an Ad Hoc network have been finished If we open the network scan window again we can see the adhoc test network says Connected

Obsevation If the computer you want to add to your network does not have built-in wireless network support install a wireless network adapter

Windows XP automatically detects the new adapter and notifies you that it found a wireless network

27

Now connect your computer to your wireless network

Note These steps apply only if youre using Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) Right-click the Wireless Network icon in the lower right corner of your screen and then click View Available Wireless Networks

Result

Precaution

1If you run into any problems consult the documentation that came with your network adapter Dont be afraid to call the manufacturers technical support department for help

2The Wireless Network Connection window appears and displays your wireless network listed with the SSID you chose If you dont see your network click Refresh Network List in the upper left corner Click your network and then click Connect in the lower right corner

3Windows XP prompts you to enter a key Type your encryption key in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes and then click Connect

Windows XP shows its progress as it connects to your network After youre connected you can close the Wireless Network Connection window

Conclusion

28

EXPERIMENT NO-4AimTo make a Wireless Access Point connectionApparatus

29

1-Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT

2-PC

3-Access Point Adapter

Theory Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have become a popular choice in network installations Implementing a WLAN is simple because installation is generally limited to installing building mounted antennas and placing the access points (AP)Local Area Networks (LANs) will quickly become a mixture of wired and wireless systems depending on the network needs

procedure

1 Open the network connection properties

2 Then open the local area connection properties

30

3Now select the internet protocol(TCPIP) and then click on the properties

31

4 Now enter different IP address from Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS

POINT and click on subnet mask then click ok

5 Open the internet explorer and input the ip addess of Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT (http10001) in the address bar

6 Double click on setup wizard

32

7 now enter the user name as admin

33

8 Now click on next tab

9 Enter the SSID (name) and select the channel and click on next

34

10 For Wep Encryption we use 10 bit hexadecimal code otherwise select the disabled now click the next botton

11 Setup will be complete

35

ObsevationThe following window will display on screen

Result

Precaution Wep Encryption key should be 10-bit hexadecimal

Conclusion The Access Point have established

36

EXPERIMENT NO-5

AIMIntroduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with internet connection

Theory Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands Ping allows a user to ping another network IP address This can help determine if the network is able to communicate with the network Helps in determining TCPIP Networks IP address as well as determine issues with the network and assists in resolving them See the ping definition for a full description

Availability

The pingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft

operating systems

Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7

PING CommandPing is a basic Internet program that lets you verify that a particular IP address exists and can accept requests The verb ping means the act of using the ping utility or command Ping is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer you are trying to reach is actually operating Various options available in the ping commandOption

-t rarrrepetitively send packets-nrarr number of echo to be sent

-lrarr sending buffer size [Max 65500 bytes]-frarr Dont fragment If this option is provided then the packet should not be fragmented and should be sent as it is-r rarrcount 1048774 record route for count hops [3rd layer device]-jrarr loose source route [Optionally it can follow different route]-krarr strict source route [MUST follow the route specified by us]

Note For loopback address you can ping it and get returns even when you are offline (not connected to any network) If you dont get any valid replies then theres a problem with the computers Network settingsExample In order to send a packet to a host [1921682301] with size of 60000 bytes each We wish to send the packets repetitivelyping -t -l 60000 1921682301rarr In order to send a packet with a size of 1000 bytes and donrsquot permit fragmenting

15

EXPERIMENT NO-2

AIM Install a wireless network adapter

APPARATUS 1-Desktop or Laptop PC

2-One D-Link AirPlus G+ Wireless Utility Adapter Networ Interface Card

3-One PC installed with a Microsoft Operating System

4-One Screwdriver for PCI card installation

THEORYA wireless local area network(LAN) is a flexible data communications system implemented as an extension to or as an alternative for a wired LAN

Using radio frequency (RF) technology wireless LANs transmit and receive data over the air minimizing the need for wired connections Thus combining data connectivity with user mobility Provides the link between a computer and the network

Requires a device driver to perform both data-link and physical layer functions Plugs into a bus slot or universal serial bus (USB) port on a computer Also referred to as a network interface card (NIC)

a) They use specialized physical and data link protocols

b) They integrate into existing networks through access points which provide a bridging function

c) They let you stay connected as you roam from one coverage area to another

d) They have unique security considerations

e) They have specific interoperability requirements

16

f) They require different hardware

g) They offer performance that differs from wired LANs

TRANSMISSION FUNCTIONS

Network interface adapters perform the following functions during data transmission

a) Data transfer buffering and encapsulation

b) Media Access Control (MAC)

c) Parallel serial conversion

d) Signal encoding and amplification

Procedure

StepA How to determine if you have a wireless network adapter

1 Before using your computer check to see if it already has a wireless network adapter2 To find out whether you already have a wireless network adapter

3 Click Start and then click Control Panel4 Click Network and Internet Connections5 Under or pick a Control Panel icon click Network Connections6 Microsoft Windows XP displays your network adapters Wireless network adapters are

labeled Wireless Network Connection If an adapter displays a red X it is disconnected If the Network Connections window is blank your computer doesnt yet have a wired or wireless network adapter

If you already have a wireless network adapter you can set up your wireless network

NOTE If your portable computer has a built-in wireless network adapter but it doesnt appear to be enabled or working check the back front and sides of the computer for a wireless adapter switch Many laptops include a switch so that you can turn the adapter off to reduce battery consumption

StepB How to install a wireless USB network adapter

1 Adding a USB wireless network adapter is by far the easiest way to install an adapter2 To install a wireless USB network adapter

3 Before purchasing a wireless USB network adapter find an available USB port on your computer

4 Purchase a wireless USB network adapter

17

5 If you had to shut down your computer to get to the USB port you can now turn on your computer Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

6 Connect your USB adapter to the unused USB port on your computer7 After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then

notifies you when installation is finished8 If you are installing a wireless network adapter with a separate antenna place the antenna

in a location where you can get a clear wireless signal Typically you will get a stronger signal (and a faster network connection) if you place your antenna away from walls and in a location where it is not blocked by your monitor or computer

Now you can set up your wireless network

StepC How to install a wireless CardBus or CF (compact flash) network adapter

1 Many portable computers have either a CardBus or CF card slot (theyre the same thing but the CF card slot is slightly newer and smaller) CardBus and CF cards are more convenient and easier to travel with than USB network adapters for portable computers because the card fits neatly into a slot on the side of your computer

2 To install a wireless CardBus or CF network adapter

3 Purchase a wireless CardBus or CF network adapter4 Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the

manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

5 Insert your network adapter into a slot on your computer6 After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then

notifies you when installation is finished

StepD How to install a wireless internal network adapter

1 Internal network adapters are more complicated to install than USB network adapters because they go inside your computer Also they can be installed only in desktop computers that have a space (generally called a slot) available If you are not comfortable opening your computers case you can have a technician install the hardware

2 To install a wireless internal network adapter

3 If your computer has an available slot purchase a wireless internal network adapter4 Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the

manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

5 On the Start menu click Turn Off Computer and then click Turn Off

18

6 After your computer shuts down make note of where each cable is connected to the back of your computer A handy way to do this is to tape a note to each cable with a number or letter on it and put a matching note next to the spot on your computer where the cable plugs in Then unplug all cables from your computer

7 Lay your computer on a desk table or other flat surface Follow the manufacturers instructions to open your computer Depending on the case you may need to remove screws on the back of your computer Unlike a watch or TV most manufacturers design computers so that users can open them up

8 The slots are located at the back of the computer typically in the bottom section of the case Locate an empty slot that fits your card If necessary remove the small metal panel covering the opening of the slot and save the screw

9 Remove the antenna from the network adapter10 Touch an unpainted portion of your computers case to discharge any static electricity

Then carefully insert the network adapter into the open slot Gently wiggle the card back and forth until it rests firmly in the slot

11 Replace the screw that you removed in step 6 to hold the card in place12 Attach the antenna to the network adapter13 Close the computer case14 Reconnect all cables to your computer start your computer and log on to Windows

After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then notifies you when installation is finished

15 The Service Set Identifier (SSID) is a unique identifier that stations must use to be able to communicate with an AP The SSID can be any alphanumeric entry up to a maximum of 32 characters

Obsevation Network adopter signal can be check from control panel

19

Result

Precaution Notice the different shape on the right hand side of the cards

Which card is located in the top of the graphic

Which card is located on bottom

Conclusion

EXPERIMENT NO -3

AIM TO MAKE WIRELESS ADHOC NETWORK

APPARATUS

1-Wireless lan adapter card

2-PC(SP2)

THEORY An ad hoc network is a temporary connection between computers and devices used for a specific purpose such as sharing documents during a meeting or playing multiple-player computer games You can also temporarily share an Internet connection with other people on your ad hoc network so those people donrsquot have to set up their own Internet connections Ad hoc networks can only be wireless so you must have a wireless network adapter installed in your computer to set up or join an ad hoc network

Procedure

PART A- FOR WINDOW ndashXP

20

1-install the wireless lan adapter card setup

2-Click Start and then click Control Panel

3 Under Pick a category click Network and Internet Connections

4 Under or pick a Control Panel icon click Network Connections

5 Right-click your wireless network connection and then click Properties

6 In the Wireless Network Connection Properties dialog box click the Wireless Networks tab

21

7 On the Wireless Networks tab under Preferred networks click Add

8 In the Wireless network properties dialog box on the Association tab type the name of your ad hoc wireless network in Network name (SSID) box (shown in step 10) For example you could name your wireless network shiva

22

9 Clear the The key is provided for me automatically check box and select the This is a computer-to-computer (ad hoc) network check box

10 Create a 13-digit password and type it in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes For the best security include letters numbers and punctuation Then click OK

11 Click OK again to save your changes

Part 2 Manually configure an IP address on computer A

1 Right click Wireless Network Connection and select Properties

2On General tab please double click Internet Protocol (TCPIP)

23

3Tick Use the following IP address and input the IP address and Subnet mask Then click OK

4Click close on Wireless Network Connection Properties window

24

Part 3 Scan for Ad Hoc network on computer B

1Right click Wireless Network Connection select View available wireless networks

2Find shiva (which is set up on computer A) network in the scan window Then double click it and click connect Anyway

25

Part 4 Manually configure an IP address on computer BThe steps are the same as which were done on computer A (Step 5 to Step 8) The point is that we need assign a different IP address for computer B and it must be in the same subnet with computer A In our scenario we can take 1921681202552552550

26

Here until all the basic settings for building an Ad Hoc network have been finished If we open the network scan window again we can see the adhoc test network says Connected

Obsevation If the computer you want to add to your network does not have built-in wireless network support install a wireless network adapter

Windows XP automatically detects the new adapter and notifies you that it found a wireless network

27

Now connect your computer to your wireless network

Note These steps apply only if youre using Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) Right-click the Wireless Network icon in the lower right corner of your screen and then click View Available Wireless Networks

Result

Precaution

1If you run into any problems consult the documentation that came with your network adapter Dont be afraid to call the manufacturers technical support department for help

2The Wireless Network Connection window appears and displays your wireless network listed with the SSID you chose If you dont see your network click Refresh Network List in the upper left corner Click your network and then click Connect in the lower right corner

3Windows XP prompts you to enter a key Type your encryption key in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes and then click Connect

Windows XP shows its progress as it connects to your network After youre connected you can close the Wireless Network Connection window

Conclusion

28

EXPERIMENT NO-4AimTo make a Wireless Access Point connectionApparatus

29

1-Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT

2-PC

3-Access Point Adapter

Theory Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have become a popular choice in network installations Implementing a WLAN is simple because installation is generally limited to installing building mounted antennas and placing the access points (AP)Local Area Networks (LANs) will quickly become a mixture of wired and wireless systems depending on the network needs

procedure

1 Open the network connection properties

2 Then open the local area connection properties

30

3Now select the internet protocol(TCPIP) and then click on the properties

31

4 Now enter different IP address from Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS

POINT and click on subnet mask then click ok

5 Open the internet explorer and input the ip addess of Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT (http10001) in the address bar

6 Double click on setup wizard

32

7 now enter the user name as admin

33

8 Now click on next tab

9 Enter the SSID (name) and select the channel and click on next

34

10 For Wep Encryption we use 10 bit hexadecimal code otherwise select the disabled now click the next botton

11 Setup will be complete

35

ObsevationThe following window will display on screen

Result

Precaution Wep Encryption key should be 10-bit hexadecimal

Conclusion The Access Point have established

36

EXPERIMENT NO-5

AIMIntroduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with internet connection

Theory Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands Ping allows a user to ping another network IP address This can help determine if the network is able to communicate with the network Helps in determining TCPIP Networks IP address as well as determine issues with the network and assists in resolving them See the ping definition for a full description

Availability

The pingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft

operating systems

Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7

PING CommandPing is a basic Internet program that lets you verify that a particular IP address exists and can accept requests The verb ping means the act of using the ping utility or command Ping is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer you are trying to reach is actually operating Various options available in the ping commandOption

-t rarrrepetitively send packets-nrarr number of echo to be sent

-lrarr sending buffer size [Max 65500 bytes]-frarr Dont fragment If this option is provided then the packet should not be fragmented and should be sent as it is-r rarrcount 1048774 record route for count hops [3rd layer device]-jrarr loose source route [Optionally it can follow different route]-krarr strict source route [MUST follow the route specified by us]

Note For loopback address you can ping it and get returns even when you are offline (not connected to any network) If you dont get any valid replies then theres a problem with the computers Network settingsExample In order to send a packet to a host [1921682301] with size of 60000 bytes each We wish to send the packets repetitivelyping -t -l 60000 1921682301rarr In order to send a packet with a size of 1000 bytes and donrsquot permit fragmenting

16

f) They require different hardware

g) They offer performance that differs from wired LANs

TRANSMISSION FUNCTIONS

Network interface adapters perform the following functions during data transmission

a) Data transfer buffering and encapsulation

b) Media Access Control (MAC)

c) Parallel serial conversion

d) Signal encoding and amplification

Procedure

StepA How to determine if you have a wireless network adapter

1 Before using your computer check to see if it already has a wireless network adapter2 To find out whether you already have a wireless network adapter

3 Click Start and then click Control Panel4 Click Network and Internet Connections5 Under or pick a Control Panel icon click Network Connections6 Microsoft Windows XP displays your network adapters Wireless network adapters are

labeled Wireless Network Connection If an adapter displays a red X it is disconnected If the Network Connections window is blank your computer doesnt yet have a wired or wireless network adapter

If you already have a wireless network adapter you can set up your wireless network

NOTE If your portable computer has a built-in wireless network adapter but it doesnt appear to be enabled or working check the back front and sides of the computer for a wireless adapter switch Many laptops include a switch so that you can turn the adapter off to reduce battery consumption

StepB How to install a wireless USB network adapter

1 Adding a USB wireless network adapter is by far the easiest way to install an adapter2 To install a wireless USB network adapter

3 Before purchasing a wireless USB network adapter find an available USB port on your computer

4 Purchase a wireless USB network adapter

17

5 If you had to shut down your computer to get to the USB port you can now turn on your computer Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

6 Connect your USB adapter to the unused USB port on your computer7 After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then

notifies you when installation is finished8 If you are installing a wireless network adapter with a separate antenna place the antenna

in a location where you can get a clear wireless signal Typically you will get a stronger signal (and a faster network connection) if you place your antenna away from walls and in a location where it is not blocked by your monitor or computer

Now you can set up your wireless network

StepC How to install a wireless CardBus or CF (compact flash) network adapter

1 Many portable computers have either a CardBus or CF card slot (theyre the same thing but the CF card slot is slightly newer and smaller) CardBus and CF cards are more convenient and easier to travel with than USB network adapters for portable computers because the card fits neatly into a slot on the side of your computer

2 To install a wireless CardBus or CF network adapter

3 Purchase a wireless CardBus or CF network adapter4 Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the

manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

5 Insert your network adapter into a slot on your computer6 After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then

notifies you when installation is finished

StepD How to install a wireless internal network adapter

1 Internal network adapters are more complicated to install than USB network adapters because they go inside your computer Also they can be installed only in desktop computers that have a space (generally called a slot) available If you are not comfortable opening your computers case you can have a technician install the hardware

2 To install a wireless internal network adapter

3 If your computer has an available slot purchase a wireless internal network adapter4 Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the

manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

5 On the Start menu click Turn Off Computer and then click Turn Off

18

6 After your computer shuts down make note of where each cable is connected to the back of your computer A handy way to do this is to tape a note to each cable with a number or letter on it and put a matching note next to the spot on your computer where the cable plugs in Then unplug all cables from your computer

7 Lay your computer on a desk table or other flat surface Follow the manufacturers instructions to open your computer Depending on the case you may need to remove screws on the back of your computer Unlike a watch or TV most manufacturers design computers so that users can open them up

8 The slots are located at the back of the computer typically in the bottom section of the case Locate an empty slot that fits your card If necessary remove the small metal panel covering the opening of the slot and save the screw

9 Remove the antenna from the network adapter10 Touch an unpainted portion of your computers case to discharge any static electricity

Then carefully insert the network adapter into the open slot Gently wiggle the card back and forth until it rests firmly in the slot

11 Replace the screw that you removed in step 6 to hold the card in place12 Attach the antenna to the network adapter13 Close the computer case14 Reconnect all cables to your computer start your computer and log on to Windows

After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then notifies you when installation is finished

15 The Service Set Identifier (SSID) is a unique identifier that stations must use to be able to communicate with an AP The SSID can be any alphanumeric entry up to a maximum of 32 characters

Obsevation Network adopter signal can be check from control panel

19

Result

Precaution Notice the different shape on the right hand side of the cards

Which card is located in the top of the graphic

Which card is located on bottom

Conclusion

EXPERIMENT NO -3

AIM TO MAKE WIRELESS ADHOC NETWORK

APPARATUS

1-Wireless lan adapter card

2-PC(SP2)

THEORY An ad hoc network is a temporary connection between computers and devices used for a specific purpose such as sharing documents during a meeting or playing multiple-player computer games You can also temporarily share an Internet connection with other people on your ad hoc network so those people donrsquot have to set up their own Internet connections Ad hoc networks can only be wireless so you must have a wireless network adapter installed in your computer to set up or join an ad hoc network

Procedure

PART A- FOR WINDOW ndashXP

20

1-install the wireless lan adapter card setup

2-Click Start and then click Control Panel

3 Under Pick a category click Network and Internet Connections

4 Under or pick a Control Panel icon click Network Connections

5 Right-click your wireless network connection and then click Properties

6 In the Wireless Network Connection Properties dialog box click the Wireless Networks tab

21

7 On the Wireless Networks tab under Preferred networks click Add

8 In the Wireless network properties dialog box on the Association tab type the name of your ad hoc wireless network in Network name (SSID) box (shown in step 10) For example you could name your wireless network shiva

22

9 Clear the The key is provided for me automatically check box and select the This is a computer-to-computer (ad hoc) network check box

10 Create a 13-digit password and type it in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes For the best security include letters numbers and punctuation Then click OK

11 Click OK again to save your changes

Part 2 Manually configure an IP address on computer A

1 Right click Wireless Network Connection and select Properties

2On General tab please double click Internet Protocol (TCPIP)

23

3Tick Use the following IP address and input the IP address and Subnet mask Then click OK

4Click close on Wireless Network Connection Properties window

24

Part 3 Scan for Ad Hoc network on computer B

1Right click Wireless Network Connection select View available wireless networks

2Find shiva (which is set up on computer A) network in the scan window Then double click it and click connect Anyway

25

Part 4 Manually configure an IP address on computer BThe steps are the same as which were done on computer A (Step 5 to Step 8) The point is that we need assign a different IP address for computer B and it must be in the same subnet with computer A In our scenario we can take 1921681202552552550

26

Here until all the basic settings for building an Ad Hoc network have been finished If we open the network scan window again we can see the adhoc test network says Connected

Obsevation If the computer you want to add to your network does not have built-in wireless network support install a wireless network adapter

Windows XP automatically detects the new adapter and notifies you that it found a wireless network

27

Now connect your computer to your wireless network

Note These steps apply only if youre using Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) Right-click the Wireless Network icon in the lower right corner of your screen and then click View Available Wireless Networks

Result

Precaution

1If you run into any problems consult the documentation that came with your network adapter Dont be afraid to call the manufacturers technical support department for help

2The Wireless Network Connection window appears and displays your wireless network listed with the SSID you chose If you dont see your network click Refresh Network List in the upper left corner Click your network and then click Connect in the lower right corner

3Windows XP prompts you to enter a key Type your encryption key in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes and then click Connect

Windows XP shows its progress as it connects to your network After youre connected you can close the Wireless Network Connection window

Conclusion

28

EXPERIMENT NO-4AimTo make a Wireless Access Point connectionApparatus

29

1-Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT

2-PC

3-Access Point Adapter

Theory Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have become a popular choice in network installations Implementing a WLAN is simple because installation is generally limited to installing building mounted antennas and placing the access points (AP)Local Area Networks (LANs) will quickly become a mixture of wired and wireless systems depending on the network needs

procedure

1 Open the network connection properties

2 Then open the local area connection properties

30

3Now select the internet protocol(TCPIP) and then click on the properties

31

4 Now enter different IP address from Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS

POINT and click on subnet mask then click ok

5 Open the internet explorer and input the ip addess of Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT (http10001) in the address bar

6 Double click on setup wizard

32

7 now enter the user name as admin

33

8 Now click on next tab

9 Enter the SSID (name) and select the channel and click on next

34

10 For Wep Encryption we use 10 bit hexadecimal code otherwise select the disabled now click the next botton

11 Setup will be complete

35

ObsevationThe following window will display on screen

Result

Precaution Wep Encryption key should be 10-bit hexadecimal

Conclusion The Access Point have established

36

EXPERIMENT NO-5

AIMIntroduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with internet connection

Theory Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands Ping allows a user to ping another network IP address This can help determine if the network is able to communicate with the network Helps in determining TCPIP Networks IP address as well as determine issues with the network and assists in resolving them See the ping definition for a full description

Availability

The pingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft

operating systems

Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7

PING CommandPing is a basic Internet program that lets you verify that a particular IP address exists and can accept requests The verb ping means the act of using the ping utility or command Ping is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer you are trying to reach is actually operating Various options available in the ping commandOption

-t rarrrepetitively send packets-nrarr number of echo to be sent

-lrarr sending buffer size [Max 65500 bytes]-frarr Dont fragment If this option is provided then the packet should not be fragmented and should be sent as it is-r rarrcount 1048774 record route for count hops [3rd layer device]-jrarr loose source route [Optionally it can follow different route]-krarr strict source route [MUST follow the route specified by us]

Note For loopback address you can ping it and get returns even when you are offline (not connected to any network) If you dont get any valid replies then theres a problem with the computers Network settingsExample In order to send a packet to a host [1921682301] with size of 60000 bytes each We wish to send the packets repetitivelyping -t -l 60000 1921682301rarr In order to send a packet with a size of 1000 bytes and donrsquot permit fragmenting

17

5 If you had to shut down your computer to get to the USB port you can now turn on your computer Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

6 Connect your USB adapter to the unused USB port on your computer7 After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then

notifies you when installation is finished8 If you are installing a wireless network adapter with a separate antenna place the antenna

in a location where you can get a clear wireless signal Typically you will get a stronger signal (and a faster network connection) if you place your antenna away from walls and in a location where it is not blocked by your monitor or computer

Now you can set up your wireless network

StepC How to install a wireless CardBus or CF (compact flash) network adapter

1 Many portable computers have either a CardBus or CF card slot (theyre the same thing but the CF card slot is slightly newer and smaller) CardBus and CF cards are more convenient and easier to travel with than USB network adapters for portable computers because the card fits neatly into a slot on the side of your computer

2 To install a wireless CardBus or CF network adapter

3 Purchase a wireless CardBus or CF network adapter4 Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the

manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

5 Insert your network adapter into a slot on your computer6 After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then

notifies you when installation is finished

StepD How to install a wireless internal network adapter

1 Internal network adapters are more complicated to install than USB network adapters because they go inside your computer Also they can be installed only in desktop computers that have a space (generally called a slot) available If you are not comfortable opening your computers case you can have a technician install the hardware

2 To install a wireless internal network adapter

3 If your computer has an available slot purchase a wireless internal network adapter4 Insert the CD that comes with the adapter in your computer and follow the

manufacturers instructions to install the necessary software If the adapter does not come with a CD continue to the next step

5 On the Start menu click Turn Off Computer and then click Turn Off

18

6 After your computer shuts down make note of where each cable is connected to the back of your computer A handy way to do this is to tape a note to each cable with a number or letter on it and put a matching note next to the spot on your computer where the cable plugs in Then unplug all cables from your computer

7 Lay your computer on a desk table or other flat surface Follow the manufacturers instructions to open your computer Depending on the case you may need to remove screws on the back of your computer Unlike a watch or TV most manufacturers design computers so that users can open them up

8 The slots are located at the back of the computer typically in the bottom section of the case Locate an empty slot that fits your card If necessary remove the small metal panel covering the opening of the slot and save the screw

9 Remove the antenna from the network adapter10 Touch an unpainted portion of your computers case to discharge any static electricity

Then carefully insert the network adapter into the open slot Gently wiggle the card back and forth until it rests firmly in the slot

11 Replace the screw that you removed in step 6 to hold the card in place12 Attach the antenna to the network adapter13 Close the computer case14 Reconnect all cables to your computer start your computer and log on to Windows

After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then notifies you when installation is finished

15 The Service Set Identifier (SSID) is a unique identifier that stations must use to be able to communicate with an AP The SSID can be any alphanumeric entry up to a maximum of 32 characters

Obsevation Network adopter signal can be check from control panel

19

Result

Precaution Notice the different shape on the right hand side of the cards

Which card is located in the top of the graphic

Which card is located on bottom

Conclusion

EXPERIMENT NO -3

AIM TO MAKE WIRELESS ADHOC NETWORK

APPARATUS

1-Wireless lan adapter card

2-PC(SP2)

THEORY An ad hoc network is a temporary connection between computers and devices used for a specific purpose such as sharing documents during a meeting or playing multiple-player computer games You can also temporarily share an Internet connection with other people on your ad hoc network so those people donrsquot have to set up their own Internet connections Ad hoc networks can only be wireless so you must have a wireless network adapter installed in your computer to set up or join an ad hoc network

Procedure

PART A- FOR WINDOW ndashXP

20

1-install the wireless lan adapter card setup

2-Click Start and then click Control Panel

3 Under Pick a category click Network and Internet Connections

4 Under or pick a Control Panel icon click Network Connections

5 Right-click your wireless network connection and then click Properties

6 In the Wireless Network Connection Properties dialog box click the Wireless Networks tab

21

7 On the Wireless Networks tab under Preferred networks click Add

8 In the Wireless network properties dialog box on the Association tab type the name of your ad hoc wireless network in Network name (SSID) box (shown in step 10) For example you could name your wireless network shiva

22

9 Clear the The key is provided for me automatically check box and select the This is a computer-to-computer (ad hoc) network check box

10 Create a 13-digit password and type it in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes For the best security include letters numbers and punctuation Then click OK

11 Click OK again to save your changes

Part 2 Manually configure an IP address on computer A

1 Right click Wireless Network Connection and select Properties

2On General tab please double click Internet Protocol (TCPIP)

23

3Tick Use the following IP address and input the IP address and Subnet mask Then click OK

4Click close on Wireless Network Connection Properties window

24

Part 3 Scan for Ad Hoc network on computer B

1Right click Wireless Network Connection select View available wireless networks

2Find shiva (which is set up on computer A) network in the scan window Then double click it and click connect Anyway

25

Part 4 Manually configure an IP address on computer BThe steps are the same as which were done on computer A (Step 5 to Step 8) The point is that we need assign a different IP address for computer B and it must be in the same subnet with computer A In our scenario we can take 1921681202552552550

26

Here until all the basic settings for building an Ad Hoc network have been finished If we open the network scan window again we can see the adhoc test network says Connected

Obsevation If the computer you want to add to your network does not have built-in wireless network support install a wireless network adapter

Windows XP automatically detects the new adapter and notifies you that it found a wireless network

27

Now connect your computer to your wireless network

Note These steps apply only if youre using Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) Right-click the Wireless Network icon in the lower right corner of your screen and then click View Available Wireless Networks

Result

Precaution

1If you run into any problems consult the documentation that came with your network adapter Dont be afraid to call the manufacturers technical support department for help

2The Wireless Network Connection window appears and displays your wireless network listed with the SSID you chose If you dont see your network click Refresh Network List in the upper left corner Click your network and then click Connect in the lower right corner

3Windows XP prompts you to enter a key Type your encryption key in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes and then click Connect

Windows XP shows its progress as it connects to your network After youre connected you can close the Wireless Network Connection window

Conclusion

28

EXPERIMENT NO-4AimTo make a Wireless Access Point connectionApparatus

29

1-Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT

2-PC

3-Access Point Adapter

Theory Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have become a popular choice in network installations Implementing a WLAN is simple because installation is generally limited to installing building mounted antennas and placing the access points (AP)Local Area Networks (LANs) will quickly become a mixture of wired and wireless systems depending on the network needs

procedure

1 Open the network connection properties

2 Then open the local area connection properties

30

3Now select the internet protocol(TCPIP) and then click on the properties

31

4 Now enter different IP address from Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS

POINT and click on subnet mask then click ok

5 Open the internet explorer and input the ip addess of Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT (http10001) in the address bar

6 Double click on setup wizard

32

7 now enter the user name as admin

33

8 Now click on next tab

9 Enter the SSID (name) and select the channel and click on next

34

10 For Wep Encryption we use 10 bit hexadecimal code otherwise select the disabled now click the next botton

11 Setup will be complete

35

ObsevationThe following window will display on screen

Result

Precaution Wep Encryption key should be 10-bit hexadecimal

Conclusion The Access Point have established

36

EXPERIMENT NO-5

AIMIntroduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with internet connection

Theory Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands Ping allows a user to ping another network IP address This can help determine if the network is able to communicate with the network Helps in determining TCPIP Networks IP address as well as determine issues with the network and assists in resolving them See the ping definition for a full description

Availability

The pingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft

operating systems

Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7

PING CommandPing is a basic Internet program that lets you verify that a particular IP address exists and can accept requests The verb ping means the act of using the ping utility or command Ping is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer you are trying to reach is actually operating Various options available in the ping commandOption

-t rarrrepetitively send packets-nrarr number of echo to be sent

-lrarr sending buffer size [Max 65500 bytes]-frarr Dont fragment If this option is provided then the packet should not be fragmented and should be sent as it is-r rarrcount 1048774 record route for count hops [3rd layer device]-jrarr loose source route [Optionally it can follow different route]-krarr strict source route [MUST follow the route specified by us]

Note For loopback address you can ping it and get returns even when you are offline (not connected to any network) If you dont get any valid replies then theres a problem with the computers Network settingsExample In order to send a packet to a host [1921682301] with size of 60000 bytes each We wish to send the packets repetitivelyping -t -l 60000 1921682301rarr In order to send a packet with a size of 1000 bytes and donrsquot permit fragmenting

18

6 After your computer shuts down make note of where each cable is connected to the back of your computer A handy way to do this is to tape a note to each cable with a number or letter on it and put a matching note next to the spot on your computer where the cable plugs in Then unplug all cables from your computer

7 Lay your computer on a desk table or other flat surface Follow the manufacturers instructions to open your computer Depending on the case you may need to remove screws on the back of your computer Unlike a watch or TV most manufacturers design computers so that users can open them up

8 The slots are located at the back of the computer typically in the bottom section of the case Locate an empty slot that fits your card If necessary remove the small metal panel covering the opening of the slot and save the screw

9 Remove the antenna from the network adapter10 Touch an unpainted portion of your computers case to discharge any static electricity

Then carefully insert the network adapter into the open slot Gently wiggle the card back and forth until it rests firmly in the slot

11 Replace the screw that you removed in step 6 to hold the card in place12 Attach the antenna to the network adapter13 Close the computer case14 Reconnect all cables to your computer start your computer and log on to Windows

After a moment Windows automatically detects and installs the new hardware and then notifies you when installation is finished

15 The Service Set Identifier (SSID) is a unique identifier that stations must use to be able to communicate with an AP The SSID can be any alphanumeric entry up to a maximum of 32 characters

Obsevation Network adopter signal can be check from control panel

19

Result

Precaution Notice the different shape on the right hand side of the cards

Which card is located in the top of the graphic

Which card is located on bottom

Conclusion

EXPERIMENT NO -3

AIM TO MAKE WIRELESS ADHOC NETWORK

APPARATUS

1-Wireless lan adapter card

2-PC(SP2)

THEORY An ad hoc network is a temporary connection between computers and devices used for a specific purpose such as sharing documents during a meeting or playing multiple-player computer games You can also temporarily share an Internet connection with other people on your ad hoc network so those people donrsquot have to set up their own Internet connections Ad hoc networks can only be wireless so you must have a wireless network adapter installed in your computer to set up or join an ad hoc network

Procedure

PART A- FOR WINDOW ndashXP

20

1-install the wireless lan adapter card setup

2-Click Start and then click Control Panel

3 Under Pick a category click Network and Internet Connections

4 Under or pick a Control Panel icon click Network Connections

5 Right-click your wireless network connection and then click Properties

6 In the Wireless Network Connection Properties dialog box click the Wireless Networks tab

21

7 On the Wireless Networks tab under Preferred networks click Add

8 In the Wireless network properties dialog box on the Association tab type the name of your ad hoc wireless network in Network name (SSID) box (shown in step 10) For example you could name your wireless network shiva

22

9 Clear the The key is provided for me automatically check box and select the This is a computer-to-computer (ad hoc) network check box

10 Create a 13-digit password and type it in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes For the best security include letters numbers and punctuation Then click OK

11 Click OK again to save your changes

Part 2 Manually configure an IP address on computer A

1 Right click Wireless Network Connection and select Properties

2On General tab please double click Internet Protocol (TCPIP)

23

3Tick Use the following IP address and input the IP address and Subnet mask Then click OK

4Click close on Wireless Network Connection Properties window

24

Part 3 Scan for Ad Hoc network on computer B

1Right click Wireless Network Connection select View available wireless networks

2Find shiva (which is set up on computer A) network in the scan window Then double click it and click connect Anyway

25

Part 4 Manually configure an IP address on computer BThe steps are the same as which were done on computer A (Step 5 to Step 8) The point is that we need assign a different IP address for computer B and it must be in the same subnet with computer A In our scenario we can take 1921681202552552550

26

Here until all the basic settings for building an Ad Hoc network have been finished If we open the network scan window again we can see the adhoc test network says Connected

Obsevation If the computer you want to add to your network does not have built-in wireless network support install a wireless network adapter

Windows XP automatically detects the new adapter and notifies you that it found a wireless network

27

Now connect your computer to your wireless network

Note These steps apply only if youre using Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) Right-click the Wireless Network icon in the lower right corner of your screen and then click View Available Wireless Networks

Result

Precaution

1If you run into any problems consult the documentation that came with your network adapter Dont be afraid to call the manufacturers technical support department for help

2The Wireless Network Connection window appears and displays your wireless network listed with the SSID you chose If you dont see your network click Refresh Network List in the upper left corner Click your network and then click Connect in the lower right corner

3Windows XP prompts you to enter a key Type your encryption key in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes and then click Connect

Windows XP shows its progress as it connects to your network After youre connected you can close the Wireless Network Connection window

Conclusion

28

EXPERIMENT NO-4AimTo make a Wireless Access Point connectionApparatus

29

1-Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT

2-PC

3-Access Point Adapter

Theory Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have become a popular choice in network installations Implementing a WLAN is simple because installation is generally limited to installing building mounted antennas and placing the access points (AP)Local Area Networks (LANs) will quickly become a mixture of wired and wireless systems depending on the network needs

procedure

1 Open the network connection properties

2 Then open the local area connection properties

30

3Now select the internet protocol(TCPIP) and then click on the properties

31

4 Now enter different IP address from Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS

POINT and click on subnet mask then click ok

5 Open the internet explorer and input the ip addess of Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT (http10001) in the address bar

6 Double click on setup wizard

32

7 now enter the user name as admin

33

8 Now click on next tab

9 Enter the SSID (name) and select the channel and click on next

34

10 For Wep Encryption we use 10 bit hexadecimal code otherwise select the disabled now click the next botton

11 Setup will be complete

35

ObsevationThe following window will display on screen

Result

Precaution Wep Encryption key should be 10-bit hexadecimal

Conclusion The Access Point have established

36

EXPERIMENT NO-5

AIMIntroduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with internet connection

Theory Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands Ping allows a user to ping another network IP address This can help determine if the network is able to communicate with the network Helps in determining TCPIP Networks IP address as well as determine issues with the network and assists in resolving them See the ping definition for a full description

Availability

The pingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft

operating systems

Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7

PING CommandPing is a basic Internet program that lets you verify that a particular IP address exists and can accept requests The verb ping means the act of using the ping utility or command Ping is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer you are trying to reach is actually operating Various options available in the ping commandOption

-t rarrrepetitively send packets-nrarr number of echo to be sent

-lrarr sending buffer size [Max 65500 bytes]-frarr Dont fragment If this option is provided then the packet should not be fragmented and should be sent as it is-r rarrcount 1048774 record route for count hops [3rd layer device]-jrarr loose source route [Optionally it can follow different route]-krarr strict source route [MUST follow the route specified by us]

Note For loopback address you can ping it and get returns even when you are offline (not connected to any network) If you dont get any valid replies then theres a problem with the computers Network settingsExample In order to send a packet to a host [1921682301] with size of 60000 bytes each We wish to send the packets repetitivelyping -t -l 60000 1921682301rarr In order to send a packet with a size of 1000 bytes and donrsquot permit fragmenting

19

Result

Precaution Notice the different shape on the right hand side of the cards

Which card is located in the top of the graphic

Which card is located on bottom

Conclusion

EXPERIMENT NO -3

AIM TO MAKE WIRELESS ADHOC NETWORK

APPARATUS

1-Wireless lan adapter card

2-PC(SP2)

THEORY An ad hoc network is a temporary connection between computers and devices used for a specific purpose such as sharing documents during a meeting or playing multiple-player computer games You can also temporarily share an Internet connection with other people on your ad hoc network so those people donrsquot have to set up their own Internet connections Ad hoc networks can only be wireless so you must have a wireless network adapter installed in your computer to set up or join an ad hoc network

Procedure

PART A- FOR WINDOW ndashXP

20

1-install the wireless lan adapter card setup

2-Click Start and then click Control Panel

3 Under Pick a category click Network and Internet Connections

4 Under or pick a Control Panel icon click Network Connections

5 Right-click your wireless network connection and then click Properties

6 In the Wireless Network Connection Properties dialog box click the Wireless Networks tab

21

7 On the Wireless Networks tab under Preferred networks click Add

8 In the Wireless network properties dialog box on the Association tab type the name of your ad hoc wireless network in Network name (SSID) box (shown in step 10) For example you could name your wireless network shiva

22

9 Clear the The key is provided for me automatically check box and select the This is a computer-to-computer (ad hoc) network check box

10 Create a 13-digit password and type it in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes For the best security include letters numbers and punctuation Then click OK

11 Click OK again to save your changes

Part 2 Manually configure an IP address on computer A

1 Right click Wireless Network Connection and select Properties

2On General tab please double click Internet Protocol (TCPIP)

23

3Tick Use the following IP address and input the IP address and Subnet mask Then click OK

4Click close on Wireless Network Connection Properties window

24

Part 3 Scan for Ad Hoc network on computer B

1Right click Wireless Network Connection select View available wireless networks

2Find shiva (which is set up on computer A) network in the scan window Then double click it and click connect Anyway

25

Part 4 Manually configure an IP address on computer BThe steps are the same as which were done on computer A (Step 5 to Step 8) The point is that we need assign a different IP address for computer B and it must be in the same subnet with computer A In our scenario we can take 1921681202552552550

26

Here until all the basic settings for building an Ad Hoc network have been finished If we open the network scan window again we can see the adhoc test network says Connected

Obsevation If the computer you want to add to your network does not have built-in wireless network support install a wireless network adapter

Windows XP automatically detects the new adapter and notifies you that it found a wireless network

27

Now connect your computer to your wireless network

Note These steps apply only if youre using Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) Right-click the Wireless Network icon in the lower right corner of your screen and then click View Available Wireless Networks

Result

Precaution

1If you run into any problems consult the documentation that came with your network adapter Dont be afraid to call the manufacturers technical support department for help

2The Wireless Network Connection window appears and displays your wireless network listed with the SSID you chose If you dont see your network click Refresh Network List in the upper left corner Click your network and then click Connect in the lower right corner

3Windows XP prompts you to enter a key Type your encryption key in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes and then click Connect

Windows XP shows its progress as it connects to your network After youre connected you can close the Wireless Network Connection window

Conclusion

28

EXPERIMENT NO-4AimTo make a Wireless Access Point connectionApparatus

29

1-Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT

2-PC

3-Access Point Adapter

Theory Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have become a popular choice in network installations Implementing a WLAN is simple because installation is generally limited to installing building mounted antennas and placing the access points (AP)Local Area Networks (LANs) will quickly become a mixture of wired and wireless systems depending on the network needs

procedure

1 Open the network connection properties

2 Then open the local area connection properties

30

3Now select the internet protocol(TCPIP) and then click on the properties

31

4 Now enter different IP address from Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS

POINT and click on subnet mask then click ok

5 Open the internet explorer and input the ip addess of Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT (http10001) in the address bar

6 Double click on setup wizard

32

7 now enter the user name as admin

33

8 Now click on next tab

9 Enter the SSID (name) and select the channel and click on next

34

10 For Wep Encryption we use 10 bit hexadecimal code otherwise select the disabled now click the next botton

11 Setup will be complete

35

ObsevationThe following window will display on screen

Result

Precaution Wep Encryption key should be 10-bit hexadecimal

Conclusion The Access Point have established

36

EXPERIMENT NO-5

AIMIntroduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with internet connection

Theory Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands Ping allows a user to ping another network IP address This can help determine if the network is able to communicate with the network Helps in determining TCPIP Networks IP address as well as determine issues with the network and assists in resolving them See the ping definition for a full description

Availability

The pingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft

operating systems

Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7

PING CommandPing is a basic Internet program that lets you verify that a particular IP address exists and can accept requests The verb ping means the act of using the ping utility or command Ping is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer you are trying to reach is actually operating Various options available in the ping commandOption

-t rarrrepetitively send packets-nrarr number of echo to be sent

-lrarr sending buffer size [Max 65500 bytes]-frarr Dont fragment If this option is provided then the packet should not be fragmented and should be sent as it is-r rarrcount 1048774 record route for count hops [3rd layer device]-jrarr loose source route [Optionally it can follow different route]-krarr strict source route [MUST follow the route specified by us]

Note For loopback address you can ping it and get returns even when you are offline (not connected to any network) If you dont get any valid replies then theres a problem with the computers Network settingsExample In order to send a packet to a host [1921682301] with size of 60000 bytes each We wish to send the packets repetitivelyping -t -l 60000 1921682301rarr In order to send a packet with a size of 1000 bytes and donrsquot permit fragmenting

20

1-install the wireless lan adapter card setup

2-Click Start and then click Control Panel

3 Under Pick a category click Network and Internet Connections

4 Under or pick a Control Panel icon click Network Connections

5 Right-click your wireless network connection and then click Properties

6 In the Wireless Network Connection Properties dialog box click the Wireless Networks tab

21

7 On the Wireless Networks tab under Preferred networks click Add

8 In the Wireless network properties dialog box on the Association tab type the name of your ad hoc wireless network in Network name (SSID) box (shown in step 10) For example you could name your wireless network shiva

22

9 Clear the The key is provided for me automatically check box and select the This is a computer-to-computer (ad hoc) network check box

10 Create a 13-digit password and type it in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes For the best security include letters numbers and punctuation Then click OK

11 Click OK again to save your changes

Part 2 Manually configure an IP address on computer A

1 Right click Wireless Network Connection and select Properties

2On General tab please double click Internet Protocol (TCPIP)

23

3Tick Use the following IP address and input the IP address and Subnet mask Then click OK

4Click close on Wireless Network Connection Properties window

24

Part 3 Scan for Ad Hoc network on computer B

1Right click Wireless Network Connection select View available wireless networks

2Find shiva (which is set up on computer A) network in the scan window Then double click it and click connect Anyway

25

Part 4 Manually configure an IP address on computer BThe steps are the same as which were done on computer A (Step 5 to Step 8) The point is that we need assign a different IP address for computer B and it must be in the same subnet with computer A In our scenario we can take 1921681202552552550

26

Here until all the basic settings for building an Ad Hoc network have been finished If we open the network scan window again we can see the adhoc test network says Connected

Obsevation If the computer you want to add to your network does not have built-in wireless network support install a wireless network adapter

Windows XP automatically detects the new adapter and notifies you that it found a wireless network

27

Now connect your computer to your wireless network

Note These steps apply only if youre using Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) Right-click the Wireless Network icon in the lower right corner of your screen and then click View Available Wireless Networks

Result

Precaution

1If you run into any problems consult the documentation that came with your network adapter Dont be afraid to call the manufacturers technical support department for help

2The Wireless Network Connection window appears and displays your wireless network listed with the SSID you chose If you dont see your network click Refresh Network List in the upper left corner Click your network and then click Connect in the lower right corner

3Windows XP prompts you to enter a key Type your encryption key in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes and then click Connect

Windows XP shows its progress as it connects to your network After youre connected you can close the Wireless Network Connection window

Conclusion

28

EXPERIMENT NO-4AimTo make a Wireless Access Point connectionApparatus

29

1-Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT

2-PC

3-Access Point Adapter

Theory Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have become a popular choice in network installations Implementing a WLAN is simple because installation is generally limited to installing building mounted antennas and placing the access points (AP)Local Area Networks (LANs) will quickly become a mixture of wired and wireless systems depending on the network needs

procedure

1 Open the network connection properties

2 Then open the local area connection properties

30

3Now select the internet protocol(TCPIP) and then click on the properties

31

4 Now enter different IP address from Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS

POINT and click on subnet mask then click ok

5 Open the internet explorer and input the ip addess of Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT (http10001) in the address bar

6 Double click on setup wizard

32

7 now enter the user name as admin

33

8 Now click on next tab

9 Enter the SSID (name) and select the channel and click on next

34

10 For Wep Encryption we use 10 bit hexadecimal code otherwise select the disabled now click the next botton

11 Setup will be complete

35

ObsevationThe following window will display on screen

Result

Precaution Wep Encryption key should be 10-bit hexadecimal

Conclusion The Access Point have established

36

EXPERIMENT NO-5

AIMIntroduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with internet connection

Theory Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands Ping allows a user to ping another network IP address This can help determine if the network is able to communicate with the network Helps in determining TCPIP Networks IP address as well as determine issues with the network and assists in resolving them See the ping definition for a full description

Availability

The pingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft

operating systems

Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7

PING CommandPing is a basic Internet program that lets you verify that a particular IP address exists and can accept requests The verb ping means the act of using the ping utility or command Ping is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer you are trying to reach is actually operating Various options available in the ping commandOption

-t rarrrepetitively send packets-nrarr number of echo to be sent

-lrarr sending buffer size [Max 65500 bytes]-frarr Dont fragment If this option is provided then the packet should not be fragmented and should be sent as it is-r rarrcount 1048774 record route for count hops [3rd layer device]-jrarr loose source route [Optionally it can follow different route]-krarr strict source route [MUST follow the route specified by us]

Note For loopback address you can ping it and get returns even when you are offline (not connected to any network) If you dont get any valid replies then theres a problem with the computers Network settingsExample In order to send a packet to a host [1921682301] with size of 60000 bytes each We wish to send the packets repetitivelyping -t -l 60000 1921682301rarr In order to send a packet with a size of 1000 bytes and donrsquot permit fragmenting

21

7 On the Wireless Networks tab under Preferred networks click Add

8 In the Wireless network properties dialog box on the Association tab type the name of your ad hoc wireless network in Network name (SSID) box (shown in step 10) For example you could name your wireless network shiva

22

9 Clear the The key is provided for me automatically check box and select the This is a computer-to-computer (ad hoc) network check box

10 Create a 13-digit password and type it in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes For the best security include letters numbers and punctuation Then click OK

11 Click OK again to save your changes

Part 2 Manually configure an IP address on computer A

1 Right click Wireless Network Connection and select Properties

2On General tab please double click Internet Protocol (TCPIP)

23

3Tick Use the following IP address and input the IP address and Subnet mask Then click OK

4Click close on Wireless Network Connection Properties window

24

Part 3 Scan for Ad Hoc network on computer B

1Right click Wireless Network Connection select View available wireless networks

2Find shiva (which is set up on computer A) network in the scan window Then double click it and click connect Anyway

25

Part 4 Manually configure an IP address on computer BThe steps are the same as which were done on computer A (Step 5 to Step 8) The point is that we need assign a different IP address for computer B and it must be in the same subnet with computer A In our scenario we can take 1921681202552552550

26

Here until all the basic settings for building an Ad Hoc network have been finished If we open the network scan window again we can see the adhoc test network says Connected

Obsevation If the computer you want to add to your network does not have built-in wireless network support install a wireless network adapter

Windows XP automatically detects the new adapter and notifies you that it found a wireless network

27

Now connect your computer to your wireless network

Note These steps apply only if youre using Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) Right-click the Wireless Network icon in the lower right corner of your screen and then click View Available Wireless Networks

Result

Precaution

1If you run into any problems consult the documentation that came with your network adapter Dont be afraid to call the manufacturers technical support department for help

2The Wireless Network Connection window appears and displays your wireless network listed with the SSID you chose If you dont see your network click Refresh Network List in the upper left corner Click your network and then click Connect in the lower right corner

3Windows XP prompts you to enter a key Type your encryption key in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes and then click Connect

Windows XP shows its progress as it connects to your network After youre connected you can close the Wireless Network Connection window

Conclusion

28

EXPERIMENT NO-4AimTo make a Wireless Access Point connectionApparatus

29

1-Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT

2-PC

3-Access Point Adapter

Theory Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have become a popular choice in network installations Implementing a WLAN is simple because installation is generally limited to installing building mounted antennas and placing the access points (AP)Local Area Networks (LANs) will quickly become a mixture of wired and wireless systems depending on the network needs

procedure

1 Open the network connection properties

2 Then open the local area connection properties

30

3Now select the internet protocol(TCPIP) and then click on the properties

31

4 Now enter different IP address from Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS

POINT and click on subnet mask then click ok

5 Open the internet explorer and input the ip addess of Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT (http10001) in the address bar

6 Double click on setup wizard

32

7 now enter the user name as admin

33

8 Now click on next tab

9 Enter the SSID (name) and select the channel and click on next

34

10 For Wep Encryption we use 10 bit hexadecimal code otherwise select the disabled now click the next botton

11 Setup will be complete

35

ObsevationThe following window will display on screen

Result

Precaution Wep Encryption key should be 10-bit hexadecimal

Conclusion The Access Point have established

36

EXPERIMENT NO-5

AIMIntroduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with internet connection

Theory Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands Ping allows a user to ping another network IP address This can help determine if the network is able to communicate with the network Helps in determining TCPIP Networks IP address as well as determine issues with the network and assists in resolving them See the ping definition for a full description

Availability

The pingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft

operating systems

Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7

PING CommandPing is a basic Internet program that lets you verify that a particular IP address exists and can accept requests The verb ping means the act of using the ping utility or command Ping is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer you are trying to reach is actually operating Various options available in the ping commandOption

-t rarrrepetitively send packets-nrarr number of echo to be sent

-lrarr sending buffer size [Max 65500 bytes]-frarr Dont fragment If this option is provided then the packet should not be fragmented and should be sent as it is-r rarrcount 1048774 record route for count hops [3rd layer device]-jrarr loose source route [Optionally it can follow different route]-krarr strict source route [MUST follow the route specified by us]

Note For loopback address you can ping it and get returns even when you are offline (not connected to any network) If you dont get any valid replies then theres a problem with the computers Network settingsExample In order to send a packet to a host [1921682301] with size of 60000 bytes each We wish to send the packets repetitivelyping -t -l 60000 1921682301rarr In order to send a packet with a size of 1000 bytes and donrsquot permit fragmenting

22

9 Clear the The key is provided for me automatically check box and select the This is a computer-to-computer (ad hoc) network check box

10 Create a 13-digit password and type it in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes For the best security include letters numbers and punctuation Then click OK

11 Click OK again to save your changes

Part 2 Manually configure an IP address on computer A

1 Right click Wireless Network Connection and select Properties

2On General tab please double click Internet Protocol (TCPIP)

23

3Tick Use the following IP address and input the IP address and Subnet mask Then click OK

4Click close on Wireless Network Connection Properties window

24

Part 3 Scan for Ad Hoc network on computer B

1Right click Wireless Network Connection select View available wireless networks

2Find shiva (which is set up on computer A) network in the scan window Then double click it and click connect Anyway

25

Part 4 Manually configure an IP address on computer BThe steps are the same as which were done on computer A (Step 5 to Step 8) The point is that we need assign a different IP address for computer B and it must be in the same subnet with computer A In our scenario we can take 1921681202552552550

26

Here until all the basic settings for building an Ad Hoc network have been finished If we open the network scan window again we can see the adhoc test network says Connected

Obsevation If the computer you want to add to your network does not have built-in wireless network support install a wireless network adapter

Windows XP automatically detects the new adapter and notifies you that it found a wireless network

27

Now connect your computer to your wireless network

Note These steps apply only if youre using Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) Right-click the Wireless Network icon in the lower right corner of your screen and then click View Available Wireless Networks

Result

Precaution

1If you run into any problems consult the documentation that came with your network adapter Dont be afraid to call the manufacturers technical support department for help

2The Wireless Network Connection window appears and displays your wireless network listed with the SSID you chose If you dont see your network click Refresh Network List in the upper left corner Click your network and then click Connect in the lower right corner

3Windows XP prompts you to enter a key Type your encryption key in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes and then click Connect

Windows XP shows its progress as it connects to your network After youre connected you can close the Wireless Network Connection window

Conclusion

28

EXPERIMENT NO-4AimTo make a Wireless Access Point connectionApparatus

29

1-Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT

2-PC

3-Access Point Adapter

Theory Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have become a popular choice in network installations Implementing a WLAN is simple because installation is generally limited to installing building mounted antennas and placing the access points (AP)Local Area Networks (LANs) will quickly become a mixture of wired and wireless systems depending on the network needs

procedure

1 Open the network connection properties

2 Then open the local area connection properties

30

3Now select the internet protocol(TCPIP) and then click on the properties

31

4 Now enter different IP address from Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS

POINT and click on subnet mask then click ok

5 Open the internet explorer and input the ip addess of Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT (http10001) in the address bar

6 Double click on setup wizard

32

7 now enter the user name as admin

33

8 Now click on next tab

9 Enter the SSID (name) and select the channel and click on next

34

10 For Wep Encryption we use 10 bit hexadecimal code otherwise select the disabled now click the next botton

11 Setup will be complete

35

ObsevationThe following window will display on screen

Result

Precaution Wep Encryption key should be 10-bit hexadecimal

Conclusion The Access Point have established

36

EXPERIMENT NO-5

AIMIntroduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with internet connection

Theory Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands Ping allows a user to ping another network IP address This can help determine if the network is able to communicate with the network Helps in determining TCPIP Networks IP address as well as determine issues with the network and assists in resolving them See the ping definition for a full description

Availability

The pingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft

operating systems

Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7

PING CommandPing is a basic Internet program that lets you verify that a particular IP address exists and can accept requests The verb ping means the act of using the ping utility or command Ping is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer you are trying to reach is actually operating Various options available in the ping commandOption

-t rarrrepetitively send packets-nrarr number of echo to be sent

-lrarr sending buffer size [Max 65500 bytes]-frarr Dont fragment If this option is provided then the packet should not be fragmented and should be sent as it is-r rarrcount 1048774 record route for count hops [3rd layer device]-jrarr loose source route [Optionally it can follow different route]-krarr strict source route [MUST follow the route specified by us]

Note For loopback address you can ping it and get returns even when you are offline (not connected to any network) If you dont get any valid replies then theres a problem with the computers Network settingsExample In order to send a packet to a host [1921682301] with size of 60000 bytes each We wish to send the packets repetitivelyping -t -l 60000 1921682301rarr In order to send a packet with a size of 1000 bytes and donrsquot permit fragmenting

23

3Tick Use the following IP address and input the IP address and Subnet mask Then click OK

4Click close on Wireless Network Connection Properties window

24

Part 3 Scan for Ad Hoc network on computer B

1Right click Wireless Network Connection select View available wireless networks

2Find shiva (which is set up on computer A) network in the scan window Then double click it and click connect Anyway

25

Part 4 Manually configure an IP address on computer BThe steps are the same as which were done on computer A (Step 5 to Step 8) The point is that we need assign a different IP address for computer B and it must be in the same subnet with computer A In our scenario we can take 1921681202552552550

26

Here until all the basic settings for building an Ad Hoc network have been finished If we open the network scan window again we can see the adhoc test network says Connected

Obsevation If the computer you want to add to your network does not have built-in wireless network support install a wireless network adapter

Windows XP automatically detects the new adapter and notifies you that it found a wireless network

27

Now connect your computer to your wireless network

Note These steps apply only if youre using Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) Right-click the Wireless Network icon in the lower right corner of your screen and then click View Available Wireless Networks

Result

Precaution

1If you run into any problems consult the documentation that came with your network adapter Dont be afraid to call the manufacturers technical support department for help

2The Wireless Network Connection window appears and displays your wireless network listed with the SSID you chose If you dont see your network click Refresh Network List in the upper left corner Click your network and then click Connect in the lower right corner

3Windows XP prompts you to enter a key Type your encryption key in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes and then click Connect

Windows XP shows its progress as it connects to your network After youre connected you can close the Wireless Network Connection window

Conclusion

28

EXPERIMENT NO-4AimTo make a Wireless Access Point connectionApparatus

29

1-Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT

2-PC

3-Access Point Adapter

Theory Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have become a popular choice in network installations Implementing a WLAN is simple because installation is generally limited to installing building mounted antennas and placing the access points (AP)Local Area Networks (LANs) will quickly become a mixture of wired and wireless systems depending on the network needs

procedure

1 Open the network connection properties

2 Then open the local area connection properties

30

3Now select the internet protocol(TCPIP) and then click on the properties

31

4 Now enter different IP address from Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS

POINT and click on subnet mask then click ok

5 Open the internet explorer and input the ip addess of Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT (http10001) in the address bar

6 Double click on setup wizard

32

7 now enter the user name as admin

33

8 Now click on next tab

9 Enter the SSID (name) and select the channel and click on next

34

10 For Wep Encryption we use 10 bit hexadecimal code otherwise select the disabled now click the next botton

11 Setup will be complete

35

ObsevationThe following window will display on screen

Result

Precaution Wep Encryption key should be 10-bit hexadecimal

Conclusion The Access Point have established

36

EXPERIMENT NO-5

AIMIntroduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with internet connection

Theory Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands Ping allows a user to ping another network IP address This can help determine if the network is able to communicate with the network Helps in determining TCPIP Networks IP address as well as determine issues with the network and assists in resolving them See the ping definition for a full description

Availability

The pingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft

operating systems

Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7

PING CommandPing is a basic Internet program that lets you verify that a particular IP address exists and can accept requests The verb ping means the act of using the ping utility or command Ping is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer you are trying to reach is actually operating Various options available in the ping commandOption

-t rarrrepetitively send packets-nrarr number of echo to be sent

-lrarr sending buffer size [Max 65500 bytes]-frarr Dont fragment If this option is provided then the packet should not be fragmented and should be sent as it is-r rarrcount 1048774 record route for count hops [3rd layer device]-jrarr loose source route [Optionally it can follow different route]-krarr strict source route [MUST follow the route specified by us]

Note For loopback address you can ping it and get returns even when you are offline (not connected to any network) If you dont get any valid replies then theres a problem with the computers Network settingsExample In order to send a packet to a host [1921682301] with size of 60000 bytes each We wish to send the packets repetitivelyping -t -l 60000 1921682301rarr In order to send a packet with a size of 1000 bytes and donrsquot permit fragmenting

24

Part 3 Scan for Ad Hoc network on computer B

1Right click Wireless Network Connection select View available wireless networks

2Find shiva (which is set up on computer A) network in the scan window Then double click it and click connect Anyway

25

Part 4 Manually configure an IP address on computer BThe steps are the same as which were done on computer A (Step 5 to Step 8) The point is that we need assign a different IP address for computer B and it must be in the same subnet with computer A In our scenario we can take 1921681202552552550

26

Here until all the basic settings for building an Ad Hoc network have been finished If we open the network scan window again we can see the adhoc test network says Connected

Obsevation If the computer you want to add to your network does not have built-in wireless network support install a wireless network adapter

Windows XP automatically detects the new adapter and notifies you that it found a wireless network

27

Now connect your computer to your wireless network

Note These steps apply only if youre using Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) Right-click the Wireless Network icon in the lower right corner of your screen and then click View Available Wireless Networks

Result

Precaution

1If you run into any problems consult the documentation that came with your network adapter Dont be afraid to call the manufacturers technical support department for help

2The Wireless Network Connection window appears and displays your wireless network listed with the SSID you chose If you dont see your network click Refresh Network List in the upper left corner Click your network and then click Connect in the lower right corner

3Windows XP prompts you to enter a key Type your encryption key in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes and then click Connect

Windows XP shows its progress as it connects to your network After youre connected you can close the Wireless Network Connection window

Conclusion

28

EXPERIMENT NO-4AimTo make a Wireless Access Point connectionApparatus

29

1-Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT

2-PC

3-Access Point Adapter

Theory Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have become a popular choice in network installations Implementing a WLAN is simple because installation is generally limited to installing building mounted antennas and placing the access points (AP)Local Area Networks (LANs) will quickly become a mixture of wired and wireless systems depending on the network needs

procedure

1 Open the network connection properties

2 Then open the local area connection properties

30

3Now select the internet protocol(TCPIP) and then click on the properties

31

4 Now enter different IP address from Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS

POINT and click on subnet mask then click ok

5 Open the internet explorer and input the ip addess of Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT (http10001) in the address bar

6 Double click on setup wizard

32

7 now enter the user name as admin

33

8 Now click on next tab

9 Enter the SSID (name) and select the channel and click on next

34

10 For Wep Encryption we use 10 bit hexadecimal code otherwise select the disabled now click the next botton

11 Setup will be complete

35

ObsevationThe following window will display on screen

Result

Precaution Wep Encryption key should be 10-bit hexadecimal

Conclusion The Access Point have established

36

EXPERIMENT NO-5

AIMIntroduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with internet connection

Theory Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands Ping allows a user to ping another network IP address This can help determine if the network is able to communicate with the network Helps in determining TCPIP Networks IP address as well as determine issues with the network and assists in resolving them See the ping definition for a full description

Availability

The pingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft

operating systems

Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7

PING CommandPing is a basic Internet program that lets you verify that a particular IP address exists and can accept requests The verb ping means the act of using the ping utility or command Ping is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer you are trying to reach is actually operating Various options available in the ping commandOption

-t rarrrepetitively send packets-nrarr number of echo to be sent

-lrarr sending buffer size [Max 65500 bytes]-frarr Dont fragment If this option is provided then the packet should not be fragmented and should be sent as it is-r rarrcount 1048774 record route for count hops [3rd layer device]-jrarr loose source route [Optionally it can follow different route]-krarr strict source route [MUST follow the route specified by us]

Note For loopback address you can ping it and get returns even when you are offline (not connected to any network) If you dont get any valid replies then theres a problem with the computers Network settingsExample In order to send a packet to a host [1921682301] with size of 60000 bytes each We wish to send the packets repetitivelyping -t -l 60000 1921682301rarr In order to send a packet with a size of 1000 bytes and donrsquot permit fragmenting

25

Part 4 Manually configure an IP address on computer BThe steps are the same as which were done on computer A (Step 5 to Step 8) The point is that we need assign a different IP address for computer B and it must be in the same subnet with computer A In our scenario we can take 1921681202552552550

26

Here until all the basic settings for building an Ad Hoc network have been finished If we open the network scan window again we can see the adhoc test network says Connected

Obsevation If the computer you want to add to your network does not have built-in wireless network support install a wireless network adapter

Windows XP automatically detects the new adapter and notifies you that it found a wireless network

27

Now connect your computer to your wireless network

Note These steps apply only if youre using Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) Right-click the Wireless Network icon in the lower right corner of your screen and then click View Available Wireless Networks

Result

Precaution

1If you run into any problems consult the documentation that came with your network adapter Dont be afraid to call the manufacturers technical support department for help

2The Wireless Network Connection window appears and displays your wireless network listed with the SSID you chose If you dont see your network click Refresh Network List in the upper left corner Click your network and then click Connect in the lower right corner

3Windows XP prompts you to enter a key Type your encryption key in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes and then click Connect

Windows XP shows its progress as it connects to your network After youre connected you can close the Wireless Network Connection window

Conclusion

28

EXPERIMENT NO-4AimTo make a Wireless Access Point connectionApparatus

29

1-Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT

2-PC

3-Access Point Adapter

Theory Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have become a popular choice in network installations Implementing a WLAN is simple because installation is generally limited to installing building mounted antennas and placing the access points (AP)Local Area Networks (LANs) will quickly become a mixture of wired and wireless systems depending on the network needs

procedure

1 Open the network connection properties

2 Then open the local area connection properties

30

3Now select the internet protocol(TCPIP) and then click on the properties

31

4 Now enter different IP address from Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS

POINT and click on subnet mask then click ok

5 Open the internet explorer and input the ip addess of Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT (http10001) in the address bar

6 Double click on setup wizard

32

7 now enter the user name as admin

33

8 Now click on next tab

9 Enter the SSID (name) and select the channel and click on next

34

10 For Wep Encryption we use 10 bit hexadecimal code otherwise select the disabled now click the next botton

11 Setup will be complete

35

ObsevationThe following window will display on screen

Result

Precaution Wep Encryption key should be 10-bit hexadecimal

Conclusion The Access Point have established

36

EXPERIMENT NO-5

AIMIntroduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with internet connection

Theory Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands Ping allows a user to ping another network IP address This can help determine if the network is able to communicate with the network Helps in determining TCPIP Networks IP address as well as determine issues with the network and assists in resolving them See the ping definition for a full description

Availability

The pingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft

operating systems

Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7

PING CommandPing is a basic Internet program that lets you verify that a particular IP address exists and can accept requests The verb ping means the act of using the ping utility or command Ping is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer you are trying to reach is actually operating Various options available in the ping commandOption

-t rarrrepetitively send packets-nrarr number of echo to be sent

-lrarr sending buffer size [Max 65500 bytes]-frarr Dont fragment If this option is provided then the packet should not be fragmented and should be sent as it is-r rarrcount 1048774 record route for count hops [3rd layer device]-jrarr loose source route [Optionally it can follow different route]-krarr strict source route [MUST follow the route specified by us]

Note For loopback address you can ping it and get returns even when you are offline (not connected to any network) If you dont get any valid replies then theres a problem with the computers Network settingsExample In order to send a packet to a host [1921682301] with size of 60000 bytes each We wish to send the packets repetitivelyping -t -l 60000 1921682301rarr In order to send a packet with a size of 1000 bytes and donrsquot permit fragmenting

26

Here until all the basic settings for building an Ad Hoc network have been finished If we open the network scan window again we can see the adhoc test network says Connected

Obsevation If the computer you want to add to your network does not have built-in wireless network support install a wireless network adapter

Windows XP automatically detects the new adapter and notifies you that it found a wireless network

27

Now connect your computer to your wireless network

Note These steps apply only if youre using Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) Right-click the Wireless Network icon in the lower right corner of your screen and then click View Available Wireless Networks

Result

Precaution

1If you run into any problems consult the documentation that came with your network adapter Dont be afraid to call the manufacturers technical support department for help

2The Wireless Network Connection window appears and displays your wireless network listed with the SSID you chose If you dont see your network click Refresh Network List in the upper left corner Click your network and then click Connect in the lower right corner

3Windows XP prompts you to enter a key Type your encryption key in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes and then click Connect

Windows XP shows its progress as it connects to your network After youre connected you can close the Wireless Network Connection window

Conclusion

28

EXPERIMENT NO-4AimTo make a Wireless Access Point connectionApparatus

29

1-Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT

2-PC

3-Access Point Adapter

Theory Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have become a popular choice in network installations Implementing a WLAN is simple because installation is generally limited to installing building mounted antennas and placing the access points (AP)Local Area Networks (LANs) will quickly become a mixture of wired and wireless systems depending on the network needs

procedure

1 Open the network connection properties

2 Then open the local area connection properties

30

3Now select the internet protocol(TCPIP) and then click on the properties

31

4 Now enter different IP address from Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS

POINT and click on subnet mask then click ok

5 Open the internet explorer and input the ip addess of Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT (http10001) in the address bar

6 Double click on setup wizard

32

7 now enter the user name as admin

33

8 Now click on next tab

9 Enter the SSID (name) and select the channel and click on next

34

10 For Wep Encryption we use 10 bit hexadecimal code otherwise select the disabled now click the next botton

11 Setup will be complete

35

ObsevationThe following window will display on screen

Result

Precaution Wep Encryption key should be 10-bit hexadecimal

Conclusion The Access Point have established

36

EXPERIMENT NO-5

AIMIntroduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with internet connection

Theory Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands Ping allows a user to ping another network IP address This can help determine if the network is able to communicate with the network Helps in determining TCPIP Networks IP address as well as determine issues with the network and assists in resolving them See the ping definition for a full description

Availability

The pingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft

operating systems

Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7

PING CommandPing is a basic Internet program that lets you verify that a particular IP address exists and can accept requests The verb ping means the act of using the ping utility or command Ping is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer you are trying to reach is actually operating Various options available in the ping commandOption

-t rarrrepetitively send packets-nrarr number of echo to be sent

-lrarr sending buffer size [Max 65500 bytes]-frarr Dont fragment If this option is provided then the packet should not be fragmented and should be sent as it is-r rarrcount 1048774 record route for count hops [3rd layer device]-jrarr loose source route [Optionally it can follow different route]-krarr strict source route [MUST follow the route specified by us]

Note For loopback address you can ping it and get returns even when you are offline (not connected to any network) If you dont get any valid replies then theres a problem with the computers Network settingsExample In order to send a packet to a host [1921682301] with size of 60000 bytes each We wish to send the packets repetitivelyping -t -l 60000 1921682301rarr In order to send a packet with a size of 1000 bytes and donrsquot permit fragmenting

27

Now connect your computer to your wireless network

Note These steps apply only if youre using Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) Right-click the Wireless Network icon in the lower right corner of your screen and then click View Available Wireless Networks

Result

Precaution

1If you run into any problems consult the documentation that came with your network adapter Dont be afraid to call the manufacturers technical support department for help

2The Wireless Network Connection window appears and displays your wireless network listed with the SSID you chose If you dont see your network click Refresh Network List in the upper left corner Click your network and then click Connect in the lower right corner

3Windows XP prompts you to enter a key Type your encryption key in both the Network key and Confirm network key boxes and then click Connect

Windows XP shows its progress as it connects to your network After youre connected you can close the Wireless Network Connection window

Conclusion

28

EXPERIMENT NO-4AimTo make a Wireless Access Point connectionApparatus

29

1-Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT

2-PC

3-Access Point Adapter

Theory Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have become a popular choice in network installations Implementing a WLAN is simple because installation is generally limited to installing building mounted antennas and placing the access points (AP)Local Area Networks (LANs) will quickly become a mixture of wired and wireless systems depending on the network needs

procedure

1 Open the network connection properties

2 Then open the local area connection properties

30

3Now select the internet protocol(TCPIP) and then click on the properties

31

4 Now enter different IP address from Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS

POINT and click on subnet mask then click ok

5 Open the internet explorer and input the ip addess of Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT (http10001) in the address bar

6 Double click on setup wizard

32

7 now enter the user name as admin

33

8 Now click on next tab

9 Enter the SSID (name) and select the channel and click on next

34

10 For Wep Encryption we use 10 bit hexadecimal code otherwise select the disabled now click the next botton

11 Setup will be complete

35

ObsevationThe following window will display on screen

Result

Precaution Wep Encryption key should be 10-bit hexadecimal

Conclusion The Access Point have established

36

EXPERIMENT NO-5

AIMIntroduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with internet connection

Theory Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands Ping allows a user to ping another network IP address This can help determine if the network is able to communicate with the network Helps in determining TCPIP Networks IP address as well as determine issues with the network and assists in resolving them See the ping definition for a full description

Availability

The pingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft

operating systems

Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7

PING CommandPing is a basic Internet program that lets you verify that a particular IP address exists and can accept requests The verb ping means the act of using the ping utility or command Ping is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer you are trying to reach is actually operating Various options available in the ping commandOption

-t rarrrepetitively send packets-nrarr number of echo to be sent

-lrarr sending buffer size [Max 65500 bytes]-frarr Dont fragment If this option is provided then the packet should not be fragmented and should be sent as it is-r rarrcount 1048774 record route for count hops [3rd layer device]-jrarr loose source route [Optionally it can follow different route]-krarr strict source route [MUST follow the route specified by us]

Note For loopback address you can ping it and get returns even when you are offline (not connected to any network) If you dont get any valid replies then theres a problem with the computers Network settingsExample In order to send a packet to a host [1921682301] with size of 60000 bytes each We wish to send the packets repetitivelyping -t -l 60000 1921682301rarr In order to send a packet with a size of 1000 bytes and donrsquot permit fragmenting

28

EXPERIMENT NO-4AimTo make a Wireless Access Point connectionApparatus

29

1-Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT

2-PC

3-Access Point Adapter

Theory Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have become a popular choice in network installations Implementing a WLAN is simple because installation is generally limited to installing building mounted antennas and placing the access points (AP)Local Area Networks (LANs) will quickly become a mixture of wired and wireless systems depending on the network needs

procedure

1 Open the network connection properties

2 Then open the local area connection properties

30

3Now select the internet protocol(TCPIP) and then click on the properties

31

4 Now enter different IP address from Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS

POINT and click on subnet mask then click ok

5 Open the internet explorer and input the ip addess of Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT (http10001) in the address bar

6 Double click on setup wizard

32

7 now enter the user name as admin

33

8 Now click on next tab

9 Enter the SSID (name) and select the channel and click on next

34

10 For Wep Encryption we use 10 bit hexadecimal code otherwise select the disabled now click the next botton

11 Setup will be complete

35

ObsevationThe following window will display on screen

Result

Precaution Wep Encryption key should be 10-bit hexadecimal

Conclusion The Access Point have established

36

EXPERIMENT NO-5

AIMIntroduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with internet connection

Theory Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands Ping allows a user to ping another network IP address This can help determine if the network is able to communicate with the network Helps in determining TCPIP Networks IP address as well as determine issues with the network and assists in resolving them See the ping definition for a full description

Availability

The pingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft

operating systems

Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7

PING CommandPing is a basic Internet program that lets you verify that a particular IP address exists and can accept requests The verb ping means the act of using the ping utility or command Ping is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer you are trying to reach is actually operating Various options available in the ping commandOption

-t rarrrepetitively send packets-nrarr number of echo to be sent

-lrarr sending buffer size [Max 65500 bytes]-frarr Dont fragment If this option is provided then the packet should not be fragmented and should be sent as it is-r rarrcount 1048774 record route for count hops [3rd layer device]-jrarr loose source route [Optionally it can follow different route]-krarr strict source route [MUST follow the route specified by us]

Note For loopback address you can ping it and get returns even when you are offline (not connected to any network) If you dont get any valid replies then theres a problem with the computers Network settingsExample In order to send a packet to a host [1921682301] with size of 60000 bytes each We wish to send the packets repetitivelyping -t -l 60000 1921682301rarr In order to send a packet with a size of 1000 bytes and donrsquot permit fragmenting

29

1-Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT

2-PC

3-Access Point Adapter

Theory Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have become a popular choice in network installations Implementing a WLAN is simple because installation is generally limited to installing building mounted antennas and placing the access points (AP)Local Area Networks (LANs) will quickly become a mixture of wired and wireless systems depending on the network needs

procedure

1 Open the network connection properties

2 Then open the local area connection properties

30

3Now select the internet protocol(TCPIP) and then click on the properties

31

4 Now enter different IP address from Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS

POINT and click on subnet mask then click ok

5 Open the internet explorer and input the ip addess of Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT (http10001) in the address bar

6 Double click on setup wizard

32

7 now enter the user name as admin

33

8 Now click on next tab

9 Enter the SSID (name) and select the channel and click on next

34

10 For Wep Encryption we use 10 bit hexadecimal code otherwise select the disabled now click the next botton

11 Setup will be complete

35

ObsevationThe following window will display on screen

Result

Precaution Wep Encryption key should be 10-bit hexadecimal

Conclusion The Access Point have established

36

EXPERIMENT NO-5

AIMIntroduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with internet connection

Theory Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands Ping allows a user to ping another network IP address This can help determine if the network is able to communicate with the network Helps in determining TCPIP Networks IP address as well as determine issues with the network and assists in resolving them See the ping definition for a full description

Availability

The pingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft

operating systems

Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7

PING CommandPing is a basic Internet program that lets you verify that a particular IP address exists and can accept requests The verb ping means the act of using the ping utility or command Ping is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer you are trying to reach is actually operating Various options available in the ping commandOption

-t rarrrepetitively send packets-nrarr number of echo to be sent

-lrarr sending buffer size [Max 65500 bytes]-frarr Dont fragment If this option is provided then the packet should not be fragmented and should be sent as it is-r rarrcount 1048774 record route for count hops [3rd layer device]-jrarr loose source route [Optionally it can follow different route]-krarr strict source route [MUST follow the route specified by us]

Note For loopback address you can ping it and get returns even when you are offline (not connected to any network) If you dont get any valid replies then theres a problem with the computers Network settingsExample In order to send a packet to a host [1921682301] with size of 60000 bytes each We wish to send the packets repetitivelyping -t -l 60000 1921682301rarr In order to send a packet with a size of 1000 bytes and donrsquot permit fragmenting

30

3Now select the internet protocol(TCPIP) and then click on the properties

31

4 Now enter different IP address from Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS

POINT and click on subnet mask then click ok

5 Open the internet explorer and input the ip addess of Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT (http10001) in the address bar

6 Double click on setup wizard

32

7 now enter the user name as admin

33

8 Now click on next tab

9 Enter the SSID (name) and select the channel and click on next

34

10 For Wep Encryption we use 10 bit hexadecimal code otherwise select the disabled now click the next botton

11 Setup will be complete

35

ObsevationThe following window will display on screen

Result

Precaution Wep Encryption key should be 10-bit hexadecimal

Conclusion The Access Point have established

36

EXPERIMENT NO-5

AIMIntroduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with internet connection

Theory Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands Ping allows a user to ping another network IP address This can help determine if the network is able to communicate with the network Helps in determining TCPIP Networks IP address as well as determine issues with the network and assists in resolving them See the ping definition for a full description

Availability

The pingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft

operating systems

Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7

PING CommandPing is a basic Internet program that lets you verify that a particular IP address exists and can accept requests The verb ping means the act of using the ping utility or command Ping is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer you are trying to reach is actually operating Various options available in the ping commandOption

-t rarrrepetitively send packets-nrarr number of echo to be sent

-lrarr sending buffer size [Max 65500 bytes]-frarr Dont fragment If this option is provided then the packet should not be fragmented and should be sent as it is-r rarrcount 1048774 record route for count hops [3rd layer device]-jrarr loose source route [Optionally it can follow different route]-krarr strict source route [MUST follow the route specified by us]

Note For loopback address you can ping it and get returns even when you are offline (not connected to any network) If you dont get any valid replies then theres a problem with the computers Network settingsExample In order to send a packet to a host [1921682301] with size of 60000 bytes each We wish to send the packets repetitivelyping -t -l 60000 1921682301rarr In order to send a packet with a size of 1000 bytes and donrsquot permit fragmenting

31

4 Now enter different IP address from Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS

POINT and click on subnet mask then click ok

5 Open the internet explorer and input the ip addess of Micronet SP918GL WLAN ACCESS POINT (http10001) in the address bar

6 Double click on setup wizard

32

7 now enter the user name as admin

33

8 Now click on next tab

9 Enter the SSID (name) and select the channel and click on next

34

10 For Wep Encryption we use 10 bit hexadecimal code otherwise select the disabled now click the next botton

11 Setup will be complete

35

ObsevationThe following window will display on screen

Result

Precaution Wep Encryption key should be 10-bit hexadecimal

Conclusion The Access Point have established

36

EXPERIMENT NO-5

AIMIntroduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with internet connection

Theory Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands Ping allows a user to ping another network IP address This can help determine if the network is able to communicate with the network Helps in determining TCPIP Networks IP address as well as determine issues with the network and assists in resolving them See the ping definition for a full description

Availability

The pingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft

operating systems

Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7

PING CommandPing is a basic Internet program that lets you verify that a particular IP address exists and can accept requests The verb ping means the act of using the ping utility or command Ping is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer you are trying to reach is actually operating Various options available in the ping commandOption

-t rarrrepetitively send packets-nrarr number of echo to be sent

-lrarr sending buffer size [Max 65500 bytes]-frarr Dont fragment If this option is provided then the packet should not be fragmented and should be sent as it is-r rarrcount 1048774 record route for count hops [3rd layer device]-jrarr loose source route [Optionally it can follow different route]-krarr strict source route [MUST follow the route specified by us]

Note For loopback address you can ping it and get returns even when you are offline (not connected to any network) If you dont get any valid replies then theres a problem with the computers Network settingsExample In order to send a packet to a host [1921682301] with size of 60000 bytes each We wish to send the packets repetitivelyping -t -l 60000 1921682301rarr In order to send a packet with a size of 1000 bytes and donrsquot permit fragmenting

32

7 now enter the user name as admin

33

8 Now click on next tab

9 Enter the SSID (name) and select the channel and click on next

34

10 For Wep Encryption we use 10 bit hexadecimal code otherwise select the disabled now click the next botton

11 Setup will be complete

35

ObsevationThe following window will display on screen

Result

Precaution Wep Encryption key should be 10-bit hexadecimal

Conclusion The Access Point have established

36

EXPERIMENT NO-5

AIMIntroduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with internet connection

Theory Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands Ping allows a user to ping another network IP address This can help determine if the network is able to communicate with the network Helps in determining TCPIP Networks IP address as well as determine issues with the network and assists in resolving them See the ping definition for a full description

Availability

The pingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft

operating systems

Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7

PING CommandPing is a basic Internet program that lets you verify that a particular IP address exists and can accept requests The verb ping means the act of using the ping utility or command Ping is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer you are trying to reach is actually operating Various options available in the ping commandOption

-t rarrrepetitively send packets-nrarr number of echo to be sent

-lrarr sending buffer size [Max 65500 bytes]-frarr Dont fragment If this option is provided then the packet should not be fragmented and should be sent as it is-r rarrcount 1048774 record route for count hops [3rd layer device]-jrarr loose source route [Optionally it can follow different route]-krarr strict source route [MUST follow the route specified by us]

Note For loopback address you can ping it and get returns even when you are offline (not connected to any network) If you dont get any valid replies then theres a problem with the computers Network settingsExample In order to send a packet to a host [1921682301] with size of 60000 bytes each We wish to send the packets repetitivelyping -t -l 60000 1921682301rarr In order to send a packet with a size of 1000 bytes and donrsquot permit fragmenting

33

8 Now click on next tab

9 Enter the SSID (name) and select the channel and click on next

34

10 For Wep Encryption we use 10 bit hexadecimal code otherwise select the disabled now click the next botton

11 Setup will be complete

35

ObsevationThe following window will display on screen

Result

Precaution Wep Encryption key should be 10-bit hexadecimal

Conclusion The Access Point have established

36

EXPERIMENT NO-5

AIMIntroduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with internet connection

Theory Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands Ping allows a user to ping another network IP address This can help determine if the network is able to communicate with the network Helps in determining TCPIP Networks IP address as well as determine issues with the network and assists in resolving them See the ping definition for a full description

Availability

The pingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft

operating systems

Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7

PING CommandPing is a basic Internet program that lets you verify that a particular IP address exists and can accept requests The verb ping means the act of using the ping utility or command Ping is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer you are trying to reach is actually operating Various options available in the ping commandOption

-t rarrrepetitively send packets-nrarr number of echo to be sent

-lrarr sending buffer size [Max 65500 bytes]-frarr Dont fragment If this option is provided then the packet should not be fragmented and should be sent as it is-r rarrcount 1048774 record route for count hops [3rd layer device]-jrarr loose source route [Optionally it can follow different route]-krarr strict source route [MUST follow the route specified by us]

Note For loopback address you can ping it and get returns even when you are offline (not connected to any network) If you dont get any valid replies then theres a problem with the computers Network settingsExample In order to send a packet to a host [1921682301] with size of 60000 bytes each We wish to send the packets repetitivelyping -t -l 60000 1921682301rarr In order to send a packet with a size of 1000 bytes and donrsquot permit fragmenting

34

10 For Wep Encryption we use 10 bit hexadecimal code otherwise select the disabled now click the next botton

11 Setup will be complete

35

ObsevationThe following window will display on screen

Result

Precaution Wep Encryption key should be 10-bit hexadecimal

Conclusion The Access Point have established

36

EXPERIMENT NO-5

AIMIntroduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with internet connection

Theory Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands Ping allows a user to ping another network IP address This can help determine if the network is able to communicate with the network Helps in determining TCPIP Networks IP address as well as determine issues with the network and assists in resolving them See the ping definition for a full description

Availability

The pingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft

operating systems

Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7

PING CommandPing is a basic Internet program that lets you verify that a particular IP address exists and can accept requests The verb ping means the act of using the ping utility or command Ping is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer you are trying to reach is actually operating Various options available in the ping commandOption

-t rarrrepetitively send packets-nrarr number of echo to be sent

-lrarr sending buffer size [Max 65500 bytes]-frarr Dont fragment If this option is provided then the packet should not be fragmented and should be sent as it is-r rarrcount 1048774 record route for count hops [3rd layer device]-jrarr loose source route [Optionally it can follow different route]-krarr strict source route [MUST follow the route specified by us]

Note For loopback address you can ping it and get returns even when you are offline (not connected to any network) If you dont get any valid replies then theres a problem with the computers Network settingsExample In order to send a packet to a host [1921682301] with size of 60000 bytes each We wish to send the packets repetitivelyping -t -l 60000 1921682301rarr In order to send a packet with a size of 1000 bytes and donrsquot permit fragmenting

35

ObsevationThe following window will display on screen

Result

Precaution Wep Encryption key should be 10-bit hexadecimal

Conclusion The Access Point have established

36

EXPERIMENT NO-5

AIMIntroduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with internet connection

Theory Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands Ping allows a user to ping another network IP address This can help determine if the network is able to communicate with the network Helps in determining TCPIP Networks IP address as well as determine issues with the network and assists in resolving them See the ping definition for a full description

Availability

The pingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft

operating systems

Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7

PING CommandPing is a basic Internet program that lets you verify that a particular IP address exists and can accept requests The verb ping means the act of using the ping utility or command Ping is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer you are trying to reach is actually operating Various options available in the ping commandOption

-t rarrrepetitively send packets-nrarr number of echo to be sent

-lrarr sending buffer size [Max 65500 bytes]-frarr Dont fragment If this option is provided then the packet should not be fragmented and should be sent as it is-r rarrcount 1048774 record route for count hops [3rd layer device]-jrarr loose source route [Optionally it can follow different route]-krarr strict source route [MUST follow the route specified by us]

Note For loopback address you can ping it and get returns even when you are offline (not connected to any network) If you dont get any valid replies then theres a problem with the computers Network settingsExample In order to send a packet to a host [1921682301] with size of 60000 bytes each We wish to send the packets repetitivelyping -t -l 60000 1921682301rarr In order to send a packet with a size of 1000 bytes and donrsquot permit fragmenting

36

EXPERIMENT NO-5

AIMIntroduction to PING commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with internet connection

Theory Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands Ping allows a user to ping another network IP address This can help determine if the network is able to communicate with the network Helps in determining TCPIP Networks IP address as well as determine issues with the network and assists in resolving them See the ping definition for a full description

Availability

The pingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft

operating systems

Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7

PING CommandPing is a basic Internet program that lets you verify that a particular IP address exists and can accept requests The verb ping means the act of using the ping utility or command Ping is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer you are trying to reach is actually operating Various options available in the ping commandOption

-t rarrrepetitively send packets-nrarr number of echo to be sent

-lrarr sending buffer size [Max 65500 bytes]-frarr Dont fragment If this option is provided then the packet should not be fragmented and should be sent as it is-r rarrcount 1048774 record route for count hops [3rd layer device]-jrarr loose source route [Optionally it can follow different route]-krarr strict source route [MUST follow the route specified by us]

Note For loopback address you can ping it and get returns even when you are offline (not connected to any network) If you dont get any valid replies then theres a problem with the computers Network settingsExample In order to send a packet to a host [1921682301] with size of 60000 bytes each We wish to send the packets repetitivelyping -t -l 60000 1921682301rarr In order to send a packet with a size of 1000 bytes and donrsquot permit fragmenting

37

ping -f -l 2000 1921682301rarr In order to send a packet with a size of 1000 bytes and permit fragmentingping -l 2000 1921682301rarr In order to use loose route to a destinationping ndashj 10221064 101401201rarr In order to use strict route to a destinationping ndashk 10221064 101401201 rarrThis will generate destination host unreachable message because this is not the first device that the ping will meetping ndashk 172160253 101401201rarr This will work fine because this is the first device that the ping will meet

Result

Conclusion

38

EXPERIMENT NO-6

AIMIntroduction to NETSTAT commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with Internet connection

Brief theory

NETSTAT CommandThis command is used to get information about the open connections on your system(ports protocols being used etc) incoming and outgoing data and also the ports of remote systems to which you are connected Various options available in the netstat commandOption-a rarr Displays all connections and listening ports-e rarr Displays Ethernet statistics This may be combined with the -s option-n rarr Displays addresses and port numbers in numerical form-p proto Shows connections for the protocol specified by proto proto may be TCP or UDP If used with the -s option to display per-protocol statistics proto may be TCP UDP or IP-r rarr Displays the routing table-s rarrDisplays per-protocol statistics By default statistics are shown for TCP UDP and IP the -p option may be used to specify a subset of the defaultNote always use -a so as to see UDP packets alsoExamplerarr To display all connections and listening portsnetstat ndashararrTo find out the statistics on your Ethernet cardnetstat ndasherarr To get to know the routing table

Result

Conclusion

39

EXPERIMENT NO-7

AIMIntroduction to PATHPING commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with Internet connection

THEORY Pathping is a MS-DOS utility available for Microsoft Windows 2000 and

Windows XP users This utility enables a user to find network latency and network loss

pathping provides users with the ability of locating spots that have network latency and network

loss

AvailabilityThe pathpingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft operating systems

Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7

PATHPING CommandThis command is used as IP trace utility and so it is similar to the tracert command Ithas some extra features compared to tracert commandPATHPING [-n] [-h max_hops] [-g host-list] [-p period] [-q num_queries] [-w timeout] [-t] [-R] [-r] target_nameOption-n Dont resolve addresses to hostnames-h max_hops Max number of hops to search-g host-list Loose source route along host-list-p period Wait between pings (milliseconds)-q num_queries Number of queries per hop-w timeout Wait timeout for each reply (milliseconds)-T Test each hop with Layer-2 priority tags-R Test if each hop is RSVP aware

Result

Conclusion

38

EXPERIMENT NO-6

AIMIntroduction to NETSTAT commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with Internet connection

Brief theory

NETSTAT CommandThis command is used to get information about the open connections on your system(ports protocols being used etc) incoming and outgoing data and also the ports of remote systems to which you are connected Various options available in the netstat commandOption-a rarr Displays all connections and listening ports-e rarr Displays Ethernet statistics This may be combined with the -s option-n rarr Displays addresses and port numbers in numerical form-p proto Shows connections for the protocol specified by proto proto may be TCP or UDP If used with the -s option to display per-protocol statistics proto may be TCP UDP or IP-r rarr Displays the routing table-s rarrDisplays per-protocol statistics By default statistics are shown for TCP UDP and IP the -p option may be used to specify a subset of the defaultNote always use -a so as to see UDP packets alsoExamplerarr To display all connections and listening portsnetstat ndashararrTo find out the statistics on your Ethernet cardnetstat ndasherarr To get to know the routing table

Result

Conclusion

39

EXPERIMENT NO-7

AIMIntroduction to PATHPING commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with Internet connection

THEORY Pathping is a MS-DOS utility available for Microsoft Windows 2000 and

Windows XP users This utility enables a user to find network latency and network loss

pathping provides users with the ability of locating spots that have network latency and network

loss

AvailabilityThe pathpingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft operating systems

Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7

PATHPING CommandThis command is used as IP trace utility and so it is similar to the tracert command Ithas some extra features compared to tracert commandPATHPING [-n] [-h max_hops] [-g host-list] [-p period] [-q num_queries] [-w timeout] [-t] [-R] [-r] target_nameOption-n Dont resolve addresses to hostnames-h max_hops Max number of hops to search-g host-list Loose source route along host-list-p period Wait between pings (milliseconds)-q num_queries Number of queries per hop-w timeout Wait timeout for each reply (milliseconds)-T Test each hop with Layer-2 priority tags-R Test if each hop is RSVP aware

Result

Conclusion

39

EXPERIMENT NO-7

AIMIntroduction to PATHPING commonds used in Computer Network

Apparatus

1-PC with Internet connection

THEORY Pathping is a MS-DOS utility available for Microsoft Windows 2000 and

Windows XP users This utility enables a user to find network latency and network loss

pathping provides users with the ability of locating spots that have network latency and network

loss

AvailabilityThe pathpingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft operating systems

Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7

PATHPING CommandThis command is used as IP trace utility and so it is similar to the tracert command Ithas some extra features compared to tracert commandPATHPING [-n] [-h max_hops] [-g host-list] [-p period] [-q num_queries] [-w timeout] [-t] [-R] [-r] target_nameOption-n Dont resolve addresses to hostnames-h max_hops Max number of hops to search-g host-list Loose source route along host-list-p period Wait between pings (milliseconds)-q num_queries Number of queries per hop-w timeout Wait timeout for each reply (milliseconds)-T Test each hop with Layer-2 priority tags-R Test if each hop is RSVP aware

Result

Conclusion

40

EXPERIMENT NO-8

AIM Introduction to IPCONFIG command

APPARATUS

1-Desktop or Laptop PC with Internet connection 2-Power supply

THEORY Ipconfig is a DOS utility that can be used from MS-DOS and a MS-DOS shell to

display the network settings currently assigned and given by a network This command can be utilized to verify a network connection as well as to verify your network settings

Availability

The ipconfigexe command is an external command and is available in the below

Microsoft operating systems

Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7

IPCONFIG CommandOptionIPCONFIG all Display full configuration informationIPCONFIG release [adapter] Release the IP address for the specifiedadapterIPCONFIG renew [adapter] Renew the IP address for the specifiedadapterIPCONFIG flushdns Purge the DNS Resolver cache IPCONFIG registerdns Refresh all DHCP leases and re-register DNS namesIPCONFIG displaydns Display the contents of the DNS Resolver Cache IPCONFIG showclassid adapter Display all the DHCP class IDs allowed for adapterIPCONFIG setclassid adapter [classid] Modify the dhcp class id works on Windows XP amp 2KExamplesgt ipconfig Show informationgt ipconfig all Show detailed informationgt ipconfig renew renew all adaptersgt ipconfig renew EL renew any connection that has itsname starting with EL

41

gt ipconfig release Con release all matching connectionseg Local Area Connection 1 orLocal Area Connection 2gt ipconfig setclassid Local Area Connection TEST set the DHCP class ID for thenamed adapter to = TESTExercise Get to know about the TCPIP configuration on your PC using ipconfig all

Result

Conclusion

42

EXPERIMENT NO-9

Aim Install a wired network adapter card

Theory A network adapter allows a computing device to interface with a local network Adapters are a required component to include when building a network

Procedure To connect to a network your computer needs a network adapter Most computer manufacturers include a network adapter with your computer If youre not sure if you have a network adapter you can find out in a few quick steps

How to determine if you have a network adapter

Many computers have a network adapter built-in that you can use to connect to a wired network If you want to install a wired network adapter and arent sure whether your computer already has one look for a network port on the back of the computer

To see what kind of network adapters may already be installed in your computer

1 Click Start and then click Control Panel2 Click Network and Internet Connections3 Under or pick a Control Panel icon click Network Connections4 Microsoft Windows XP displays your network adapters If an adapter has a red X over it it

is disconnected If theNetwork Connections window is blank your computer doesnt have a network adapter

If you already have a network adapter you are ready to configure your network

How to install a wired USB network adapter

Connecting a USB network adapter is as easy as plugging in headphones

To install a wired USB network adapter

1 Take a USB wired network adapter2 If your USB network adapter came with software insert the CD into your computer and

follow the manufacturers instructions to install the software3 Find an available USB port on your computer4 If you do not have an unused USB port connect a USB hub to add additional ports Then

connect your USB network adapter to the unused USB port5 Connect the network cable to the network adapter6 Connect the other end of the network cable to your networking equipment

42

EXPERIMENT NO-9

Aim Install a wired network adapter card

Theory A network adapter allows a computing device to interface with a local network Adapters are a required component to include when building a network

Procedure To connect to a network your computer needs a network adapter Most computer manufacturers include a network adapter with your computer If youre not sure if you have a network adapter you can find out in a few quick steps

How to determine if you have a network adapter

Many computers have a network adapter built-in that you can use to connect to a wired network If you want to install a wired network adapter and arent sure whether your computer already has one look for a network port on the back of the computer

To see what kind of network adapters may already be installed in your computer

1 Click Start and then click Control Panel2 Click Network and Internet Connections3 Under or pick a Control Panel icon click Network Connections4 Microsoft Windows XP displays your network adapters If an adapter has a red X over it it

is disconnected If theNetwork Connections window is blank your computer doesnt have a network adapter

If you already have a network adapter you are ready to configure your network

How to install a wired USB network adapter

Connecting a USB network adapter is as easy as plugging in headphones

To install a wired USB network adapter

1 Take a USB wired network adapter2 If your USB network adapter came with software insert the CD into your computer and

follow the manufacturers instructions to install the software3 Find an available USB port on your computer4 If you do not have an unused USB port connect a USB hub to add additional ports Then

connect your USB network adapter to the unused USB port5 Connect the network cable to the network adapter6 Connect the other end of the network cable to your networking equipment

43

7 If you had to shut down your computer to get to the USB port you can now turn on your computer Windows detects and installs the new hardware and then displays a notification informing you that the hardware has been successfully installed

How to install a wired CardBus or CF network adapter

Many portable computers have a CardBus or CF card slot (Theyre the same thing but the CF card slot is slightly newer and smaller)

To install a wired CardBus or CF network adapter

1 First buy a wired CardBus or CF network adapter2 If your network adapter came with software insert the CD into your computer and follow

the manufacturers instructions to install the software3 Insert your network adapter into the slot on your computer4 Connect the network cable to the network adapter5 Connect the other end of the network cable to your networking equipment6 Within a minute or so Windows detects and installs the new hardware and then displays a

notification informing you that the hardware has been successfully installed

How to install a wired internal network adapter

Internal network adapters can be more complicated to install than USB network adapters and they can only be installed in desktop computers that have a space (generally called a slot) available for you to add the card

To install a wired internal network adapter

1 Take a wired internal network adapter2 If the network adapter came with a CD you should insert it into your computer and install

the software prior to connecting the hardware3 Shut down your computer by clicking Start clicking Turn Off Computer and then

clicking Turn Off4 After your computer shuts down make note of where each cable is connected to the back

of your computer Its handy to tape a small note on each cable with a number or letter and put a matching note next to the spot on your computer where the cable was plugged in Then unplug all cables from your computer

5 Lay your computer on a flat surface like a desk or table Remove the side panel from your computers case Depending on the case you may need to remove screws at the back of your computer

6 With the side panel removed you can see the inside of your computer Identify an available slot that fits your card If necessary remove the small metal panel protecting the opening for the slot at the back of your computer and save the screw

44

7 Touch an unpainted portion of your computers case to discharge any static electricity Then carefully insert the network adapter into the open slot Gently wiggle the card back and forth until it rests firmly in the slot

8 Replace the screw that you removed in step 6 which will help hold the card in place9 Replace the side panel to your computers case10 Connect the network cable to the network adapter11 Connect the other end of the network cable to your networking equipment12 Reconnect all cables to your computer start your computer and log on to Windows

Windows detects and installs the new hardware and then displays a notification informing you that the hardware has been successfully installed

Result

Precaution If weneed to move your computer to reach the USB ports we should shut down Windows to avoid damaging your computer If we can easily reach a USB port we do not need

to shut down your computer

Conclusion

• AIM Install a wireless network adapter
• • Procedure
  • StepA How to determine if you have a wireless network adapter
  • • 2 To find out whether you already have a wireless network adapter
    • 2 To install a wireless USB network adapter
    • • StepC How to install a wireless CardBus or CF (compact flash) network adapter
      • • 2 To install a wireless CardBus or CF network adapter
        • 2 To install a wireless internal network adapter
        • • Availability
          • AvailabilityThe pathpingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft operating systems
          • Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7
          • • AIM Introduction to IPCONFIG command
            • APPARATUS
            • Procedure
            • • How to determine if you have a network adapter
              • • To see what kind of network adapters may already be installed in your computer
                • • How to install a wired USB network adapter
                  • • To install a wired USB network adapter
                    • • How to install a wired CardBus or CF network adapter
                      • • To install a wired CardBus or CF network adapter
                        • • How to install a wired internal network adapter
                          • • To install a wired internal network adapter

44

7 Touch an unpainted portion of your computers case to discharge any static electricity Then carefully insert the network adapter into the open slot Gently wiggle the card back and forth until it rests firmly in the slot

8 Replace the screw that you removed in step 6 which will help hold the card in place9 Replace the side panel to your computers case10 Connect the network cable to the network adapter11 Connect the other end of the network cable to your networking equipment12 Reconnect all cables to your computer start your computer and log on to Windows

Windows detects and installs the new hardware and then displays a notification informing you that the hardware has been successfully installed

Result

Precaution If weneed to move your computer to reach the USB ports we should shut down Windows to avoid damaging your computer If we can easily reach a USB port we do not need

to shut down your computer

Conclusion

• AIM Install a wireless network adapter
• • Procedure
  • StepA How to determine if you have a wireless network adapter
  • • 2 To find out whether you already have a wireless network adapter
    • 2 To install a wireless USB network adapter
    • • StepC How to install a wireless CardBus or CF (compact flash) network adapter
      • • 2 To install a wireless CardBus or CF network adapter
        • 2 To install a wireless internal network adapter
        • • Availability
          • AvailabilityThe pathpingexe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft operating systems
          • Windows 2000WindowsXPWindowsVista and Windows 7
          • • AIM Introduction to IPCONFIG command
            • APPARATUS
            • Procedure
            • • How to determine if you have a network adapter
              • • To see what kind of network adapters may already be installed in your computer
                • • How to install a wired USB network adapter
                  • • To install a wired USB network adapter
                    • • How to install a wired CardBus or CF network adapter
                      • • To install a wired CardBus or CF network adapter
                        • • How to install a wired internal network adapter
                          • • To install a wired internal network adapter