lab clean-up any missing labs can be made up for regents credit but will be a 0 grade all labs with...
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Lab Clean-up• Any missing labs can be made up for Regents credit but will be a
0 grade
• All labs with a star on them or any labs under a 65 must be made up– Your grade will be an average of your original grade and your new
grade– Make corrections on your labs– Any lab with a grade lower than 65 DO NOT put in your folder
• Labs under a 65 will not count towards regents credit!
**If you miss a Lab, it is YOUR responsibility to see me about making it up. **If absent you have 1 week (sometimes shorter if specified) to make up your lab for a grade
How to fill out your lab folderLAB #
DATE TITLE GRADE
STUDENT INITIAL
#1 Safety Lab #2 Measurement Lab #3 Microscope Lab #4 Plant Cell Lab #5 Animal Cell Lab #6 Taxonomy Lab#7 pH Lab#8 Enzyme Lab#9 *State Lab – Diffusion*
#10 Nutrition Label Lab
11 Lung Capacity Lab
12 *State Lab – Making Connections*
13 Blood Cell Lab
DO Now 1 (looseleaf)
1. Why do people have an allergic reaction?
2. Why is AIDS so deadly?
3. What if you had a dramatic increase in red blood cells (blood doping)?
Nervous System&
Endocrine System
How does the Nervous System help maintain homeostasis?
Allows cells and body systems to communicate and respond to internal and external changes
Example:
Nervous system = network of wires (neurons) that quickly communicate messages
Life function carried out = Regulation
Conditions outside and inside the body are constantly changing
Why would you die without your Nervous System?
Nervous System has TWO main parts:
1. Central Nervous System (CNS) Includes the brain and the spinal
cord
Is a network of nerves all throughout the body
Nerves transmit messages to and from the Central Nervous System
2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Central Nervous System (CNS)
A) The Brain Large organ composed of a huge mass of neurons Regulates everything from the simplest to the most
complex human activity
Divided into 3 major regions based on function
1. Cerebrum
Largest part of the brain
Divided into two hemispheres
Regulates -
Conscious thought, memory, sense interpretation, reasoning & voluntary activity
2. Cerebellum
Bottom-rear of brain(cauliflower shaped)
Responsible for -
Coordinating muscular activities and maintaining balance
3. Medulla Oblongata
At the base of the brainAlso known as the brain stem
Responsible for -
Regulating automatic (involuntary) actions including heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure and peristalsis
Which part of the brain?Medulla / Cerebrum / Cerebellum
1. Irregular heartbeat –
2. Shaky hands –
3. Can’t walk in straight line –
4. Trying to remember to do my homework –
5. Secrete insulin in blood to reduce sugar level -
6. My wife’s birthday is tomorrow –
7. Stop breathing while sleeping –
Do Now
1. How does the nervous system help maintain homeostasis?
2. A brain is to a body as a __________ is to a cell
Central Nervous System (CNS)
B) Spinal Cord Consists of interneurons and is continuous with the brainEncased in a boney spine for protection Carries information between the brain and the body
CNS tells your body how to react to a stimulus
Stimulus
Impulse
Response
Change in the environment like a HOT pan
Neurons send message to CNS. CNS will tell motor neurons what to do
Moving hand away from stove
What is happening?
How do you feel and react?
The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)A network or web of nerves all over the bodySenses a stimulus and carries out a response
Peripheral Nervous System Network of nerves throughout the body from the Central Nervous System
Organized into TWO parts:1. Somatic Nervous System
2. Autonomic Nervous System
Nerves that control voluntary muscles and actions
Nerves that regulate automatic functions such as actions of glands and involuntary muscles
We keep talking about nerves… are the all the same or are they different?
THE NEURON
Neuron Basic cellular unit of the nervous system Nervous System composed of 3 different types of
nerve cells
Do Now (looseleaf)
1. Sensory Neurons
Sensory NeuronsDetect or sense stimuli and transmit signals to the
brain and the spinal cord
Where are sensory neurons located?
2. Interneurons
InterneuronsLocated in the central nervous system Relay messages from sensory neurons to motor
neurons
3. Motor Neurons
Motor Neurons Located in the Peripheral Nervous SystemTransmit messages from central nervous system to
effectors (muscles or glands) to cause a response
Do Now1. What part of the peripheral nervous system
(autonomic / somatic) is responsible for:
Heartbeat
Insulin secretion
Writing your name on your work
2. What is the path an impulse (message) takes?
Reflex Arc1. Sensory Neurons –
2. Interneurons -
3. Motor Neurons – sends impulses to an effector (muscles or gland)
in the spinal cord (interprets sensory impulses)
Receive stimuli & send message to brain/spinal cord
Reflex Arc: Label the diagram using the following words:Effector, spine, interneuron, sensory neuron,
stimulus, motor neuron, reaction
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Summary
So is there one neuron from your toe to your spine, from your spine to your brain and from your spine to the effector muscle or gland?
NONerve tissue (nerve) – consists of many, many nerve cells together but not touching
Neurons do not touch!
Then how do neurons communicate with each other?
Synapse The gap or space between neurons
How do neurons communicate with each other when the don’t touch?
Neurotransmitters• Special chemicals that are secreted from neurons• Carries message / impulse across synapse from one
neuron to another
1. When are the neurotransmitters released from a neuron into the synapse?
When an impulse comes along2. Why are neurotransmitters released from a neuron into
the synapse? To relay or transmit an impulse from one neuron to the
next
3. Where do the neurotransmitters go once they enter the synapse?Bind to receptor proteins
on the next neuron to relay the impulse
4. Why is the shape of the receptor on the neighboring neuron or effector important?
Neurotransmitters only affect cells that have SPECIFIC RECEPTORS.
Function of neurotransmitters relates to the functions of the cells they stimulate
• Acetylcholine – involved with learning and memory
• Serotonin – influences mood, some muscle functions and hunger
• Dopamine – influences emotional behavior and plays a role in stress and voluntary muscles
• Glutamate – affects learning, memory and brain development
4. What happens to the neurotransmitters once they bind to the receptors and relay the impulse/message?
Neurotransmitters are broken down by enzymes in the synapse or are transported back into the neuron that released them
What is going on?
What is going on?
What is going on?