lab 5.2 notes mixtures and solutions. matter can it be separated? mixtures pure substances is...
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Lab 5.2 Notes
Mixtures and Solutions
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MATTER
Can it be separated?
Mixtures Pure Substances
Is composition uniform? Can it be decomposed by ordinary chemical means?
Homogeneous Mixture
(Air, sugar-water)
Heterogeneous Mixture
(Flour-water, blood)
Compounds
(Water, sugar, flour)
Elements
(carbon, oxygen,
hydrogen)
yes
yesyes
no
nono
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COMPOUNDS
• Compounds are made up of two or more elements.– Atoms of the elements are chemically bonded
together.
• Compounds are pure substances because they have a “fixed composition”.– Water is always two hydrogen atoms with one oxygen
atom.– Sucrose (sugar) is always 12 carbon atoms, 22
hydrogen atoms, and 11 oxygen atoms bonded together.
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• The properties of a compound are different than the properties of the elements it’s composed of.– Water does not have similar properties to
hydrogen gas nor oxygen gas.
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• Chemical reactions can “decompose” a compound into the elements its made up of.– For example, water can be “split”, making
hydrogen and oxygen.
• Physical processes, such as melting or dissolving, cannot break down a compound into its elements.
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MIXTURES
• A mixture is a combination of 2 or more pure substances.– The substances are physically combined.
• Mixtures do not have a “fixed composition”.– Lemonade can be made to be more sour or
more sweet depending on the ratio of lemon juice, water and sugar.
– Apple juice can have only “natural sugar” or it may have corn syrup added.
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• A mixture has properties similar to the substances it’s made up of.– Lemonade has the sour taste of lemon juice.– Apple juice has the sweet taste of an apple.
• Physical processes can be used to separate the components of a mixture.
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Time to Think!
1. Which box (or boxes) contain a pure substance?
2. Which box (or boxes) contain a compound?
3. Which box (or boxes) contain a mixture?
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Time to Think!
1. Red: atoms of one type of element
2. Molecules of an element: Hydrogen gas or oxygen gas
3. Compound: Carbon dioxide
4. Mixture
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Types of Mixtures
• Heterogeneous: the mix looks different throughout.– “Hetero-” means “different”.
• Homogenous: the mix looks the same throughout.– “Homo-” means “same”.– Homogenous mixtures = solutions
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Heterogeneous vs. Homogenous
Although upon initial mixing it may look uniform, remember that the solid flour settles out. Two samples taken from the container would be different.
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Mixtures
Does it look the same throughout?
Yes No
Homogenous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture
Solution Suspension Other
Can be separated by Can be separated by
Boiling, distillation, chromatography
Filtering
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Boiling and Distillation
• Boiling: used to separate a solid solute from a liquid solvent.– When a sugar-water solution is boiled, the
water particles evaporate away leaving behind solid sugar.
• Distillation: used to separate two or more liquids.
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Separation by Boiling
The clear liquid is the sugar-water solution after filtering. It still contains sugar and water particles.
After boiling, only sugar particles remain.
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Distillation
Oil Refining Process Animation: http://www.howstuffworks.com/oil-refining2.htm
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Filtering
• Filtering: used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid.– The molecules of the insoluble solid are not
separate from each other. The clumps of molecules form larger-sized particles that are too big to fit through the small holes of the filter paper.
– When flour-water is filtered, the flour molecules remain together on the filter paper and only water molecules move into the flask below the filter.
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Separation by Filtering
Solid flour is visible on the filter paper.
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Time to Think!
Draw a particle model of a heterogeneous mixture.
Use different shapes to represent different molecules.
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Time to Think!Draw a particle model of a solution before and after boiling. Use different shapes to represent different types of particles.
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Homogenous Mixture
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Heterogeneous Mixture
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MATTER
Can it be separated?
Mixtures Pure Substances
Is composition uniform? Can it be decomposed by ordinary chemical means?
Homogeneous Mixture
(Flour-water, blood)
(Water, sugar, flour)
Elements
yesyes no
no
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Mixtures
Does it look the same throughout?
Yes No
Solution Other
Can be separated by Can be separated by