la prochaine génération photovoltaïque sera-t-elle organique ? par jean manca | liege creative,...
DESCRIPTION
Les nanomatériaux semi-conducteurs organiques offrent des solutions intelligentes et durables dans une large gamme d'applications dites "propres" : de la production d'énergie renouvelable à l'électronique. Le potentiel de marché pour les applications "nano-tech" organiques est donc énorme. Partant du constat que la majeure partie des nouvelles connaissances dans ce domaine se trouve aujourd’hui au sein des universités et des centres de recherches, le projet Organext a vu le jour afin de fournir une plateforme aux entreprises leur permettant d'utiliser les compétences développées par les partenaires du projet et de les diriger vers des applications et des produits innovants.TRANSCRIPT
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Parole d’expert
Jean MANCA, UHasselt, Organext project coordinator
Will the next photovoltaic generation be Organic ?
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Avec le soutien de :
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WILL THE NEXT PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATION BEWILL THE NEXT PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATION BEORGANIC ?ORGANIC ?
Prof dr Jean Manca - Universiteit HasseltProf.dr. Jean Manca Universiteit [email protected]
Château de Colonster, Liège 25/04/2013Château de Colonster, Liège 25/04/2013
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The The TeraTera--WattWatt (TW=10(TW=101212 W) W) challengechallenge
Global power consumption : 15 TW (2050 : 30 TW)
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The sun is a solutionThe sun is a solution
www.3E.be
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Photovoltaic energy (PV)Photovoltaic energy (PV)
– Peak power sunlight : 1000 W/m2
– Si : Eg = 1.1 eV ; 99% PV market– Efficiency commercial Si-solar cell : 10-15%
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PV is a solutionPV is a solution
California: 1m²=1 barrel/year
1.5% of Europe = global elektricity demand 1m 1 barrel/year
Belgium : 2m²elektricity demand
(η=12%)
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PV is a solutionPV is a solutionSolar energy : highest energy yield per hectare
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PV is a solutionPV is a solutionSolar energy : highest energy yield per hectare
But…Highest cost!
=>for TW-challenge lower gcost PV
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PVPV--costs: learning curvecosts: learning curvecost of PV reduces with 20% with a doubling of worldwide accumulated production ;
2 driving forces :
‘S l l i ’– ‘Scale learning’– ‘Technology learning’ : novel (nano)technologies lead tot
accelerated learning curvecost of PV equal ith energ generation based on fossile fuels at a produced olume >cost of PV equal with energy generation based on fossile fuels at a produced volume >
100 GW 100
10W
p [$
/W]
1
Cos
t/W
0.110 100 1000 10000 100000
Accumulated production [MW]Accumulated production [MW]
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PV GENERATIONSPV GENERATIONSTHINNER, BETTER, CHEAPER & Different, ,
1st generation PV :1 generation PV :Si wafer-based technology
2nd generation PV : Thin-film Si on different substrate
3rd generation PV :Thin-film energy-conversionNano-materials based :O i l ll-Organic solar cells
-Grätzel solar cells-Hybrid solar cells-…
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OrganicOrganic Electronics Electronics
Semiconductive inks paint solutionCarbon-basedSemiconductive inks, paint, solution
SOLUBLE!
Solution processable Printable
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OrganicOrganic Electronics Electronics
• Emerging key technology for the 21st century• Variety of applications: LEDs, transistors, electrochromic windows,
(bio)sensors, solar cells,..• Novel generation of electronics: printable, flexible, smart textiles,..• Broad economic perspectives (also for SME’s)• Solar cells: renewable energy and intelligent ambient
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OrganicOrganic solarsolar cellscells
Thickness : 100 nm=> 1000X thinner than Si
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OrganicOrganic solarsolar cellscells
Thickness : 100 nm=> 1000X thinner than Si
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OrganicOrganic solarsolar cellscells
Thickness : 100 nm=> 1000X thinner than Si
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OrganicOrganic solarsolar cellscells
Donor material
e.g. P3HT
Acceptor materials
LUMOe.g. PCBM
Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) LUMOBulk heterojunction (BHJ)Cathode
HOMO HOMO
Metal-I Metal-IIPolymer Acceptor
acceptorpolymerAnode
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OrganicOrganic solarsolar cellscells
Light absorption (1)
Light absorption (1)E it f ti (2)
Light absorption (1)
Exciton formation (2)
Exciton diffusion (3)
LUMO
Exciton formation (2)Exciton diffusion (3)
hhνν
LUMO
+HOMO HOMO
Metal-I Metal-IIPolymer Acceptor
Exciton diffusion length ≈10 nm
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OrganicOrganic solarsolar cellscells
Light absorption (1)Light absorption (1)
Exciton formation (2)
Exciton diffusion (3) Charge ti ( f ) (4)
Charge separation (4)
LUMO
separation (∼ fs) (4)
+LUMO
HOMO HOMO
Metal-I Metal-IIPolymer Acceptor
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OrganicOrganic solarsolar cellscells
Light absorption (1)Light absorption (1)
Exciton formation (2)
Exciton diffusion (3)Charge transport (5)
Charge separation (4)
Charge transport (5) LUMO
Charge transport (5)Charge collection (6)
Charge collection (6) LUMO
+ HOMO HOMO
Metal-I Metal-IIPolymer Acceptor
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OrganicOrganic solarsolar cellscells
Light absorption (1)Light absorption (1)
Exciton formation (2)
Exciton diffusion (3)Charge transport (5)
Charge separation (4)
Charge transport (5) LUMO
Charge transport (5)Charge collection (6)
Charge collection (6) LUMO
+ HOMO HOMO
Metal-I Metal-IIPolymer Acceptor
Percolation paths
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OrganicOrganic solarsolar cellscells
Light absorption (1)Light absorption (1)
Exciton formation (2)
Exciton diffusion (3)
Charge separation (4)
Charge transport (5)
Charge collection (6)‘Ideal’ morphology:- Donor and acceptor
phase separated at scale
+phase separated at scale< exciton diffusion length- ‘Highways’ for charges
t d l t dtowards electrodes
Percolation paths
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OrganicOrganic solarsolar cellscells
• Flexible, semi-transparent, lightDesign freedom• Design freedom
• Architecture, textile, mobile apps, …
Konarka, Minolta, …
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OrganicOrganic solarsolar cellscells
• Carbon based :
‘artificial photosynthesis’
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GrätzelGrätzel--solarsolar cellcell
Artificial photosynthesis
Nanocrystalline TiO2Film : 10-20 μmDeeltjes : 10-30 nm
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GrätzelGrätzel--solarsolar cellcell
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Hybrid solar cell
HybridHybrid organicorganic::inorganicinorganic BHJBHJHybridHybrid organicorganic::inorganicinorganic BHJBHJMetal oxide (Metal oxide (ZnOZnO) ) nanonano--columnscolumns
P3HTP3HT+ZnOZnO
+
= 0 75%η= 0,75%
L. Baeten, B. Conings et al., Adv.Mater, Volume: 23 Issue: 25 Pages: 2802 (2011)
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NanoNano--PVPV : : advantagesadvantages & & futurefuture‘Solar Paint’‘Solar Paint’Solar PaintSolar Paint
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NanoNano--PVPV : : advantagesadvantages & & futurefuture‘Solar Paint’‘Solar Paint’Solar PaintSolar Paint
“Printable PV”• Screen printing• Spraycoating• Inkjet printing• ……
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NanoNano--PVPV : : advantagesadvantages & & futurefutureLow costLow cost –– large arealarge areaLow cost Low cost large arealarge area
•Low cost & large area (outdoor)•Easy preparation low T evaporation & printing
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NanoNano--PVPV : : advantagesadvantages & & futurefutureLow costLow cost –– large arealarge areaLow cost Low cost large arealarge area
•Large area printing (screenprinting)EL-displays spin-off LUMOZA
www.lumoza.be
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NanoNano--PVPV : : advantagesadvantages & & futurefutureIndoor & mobile applicationsIndoor & mobile applicationsIndoor & mobile applicationsIndoor & mobile applications
•Low weight : e.g. mobile applicationsplastic substrates< 1 micron total thickness of device< 1 micron total thickness of device
•Broad application domainWorks also under low leight intensity (e.g. indoor)Less dependent on incidence angleLess dependent on incidence angle
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NanoNano--PVPV : : advantagesadvantages & & futurefutureIndoor & mobile applicationsIndoor & mobile applications
•New esthetical possibilities & design-freedom
Indoor & mobile applicationsIndoor & mobile applications
Design-freedom : colour & form
Semi-transparent : integration in glassp g g
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NanoNano--PVPV : : advantagesadvantages & & futurefutureIndoor & mobile applicationsIndoor & mobile applications
•New esthetical possibilities & design-freedom
Indoor & mobile applicationsIndoor & mobile applications
Design-freedom : colour & form
Semi-transparent : integration in glassp g g
IMEC
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NanoNano--PVPV : : advantagesadvantages & & futurefutureIndoor & mobile applicationsIndoor & mobile applicationsIndoor & mobile applicationsIndoor & mobile applications
•New esthetical possibilities & design-freedomFlexible : integration in textile
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NanoNano--PVPV : : advantagesadvantages & & futurefutureIndoor & mobile applicationsIndoor & mobile applicationsIndoor & mobile applicationsIndoor & mobile applications
•New esthetical possibilities & design-freedomFlexible : variety of substrates (plastic, glass, textile, paper, metal,..)
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Nano-PV : The road ahead…
PV-challenges :Increase of efficiencyRobust production processIncrease of lifetimeIncrease of lifetime
Neubers/KonarkaNREL
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Nano-PV : The road ahead…
PV-challenges :Increase of efficiencyRobust production processIncrease of lifetimeIncrease of lifetime
Neubers/Konarka
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Nano-PV : The road ahead…
PV-challenges :Increase of efficiencyRobust production processIncrease of lifetimeIncrease of lifetime
“Space is energy”p gy
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Nano-PV : The road ahead…
PV-challenges :Increase of efficiencyRobust production processIncrease of lifetimeIncrease of lifetime
“Space is energy”p gy“Solar Highway”
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Nano-PV : The road ahead…
PV-challenges :Increase of efficiencyRobust production processIncrease of lifetimeIncrease of lifetime
“Space is energy”p gyEstethical BIPV : “Solar buildings”/ “Solar Cities”
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‘Future’ of OPV‘Future’ of OPV
Interdisciplinary domain (joining forces)Interdisciplinary domain (joining forces)
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Project : ORGANEXTProject : ORGANEXT
• Euregio Maas-Rhein Cluster of R&D centres and gindustrial partners
• Nano-materials and innovative deposition Nano materials and innovative deposition techniques
Next generation organic opto electronic• Next-generation organic opto-electronicapplications and thin film solar cells (organic electronics)
• Focus on knowledge exchange, technology and markets
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Project Partners
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Project ORGANEXT (EMR. INT4-1.2.-2009-04/054) Selected in the frame of the
Operational Program INTERREG IV-A Euregio Meuse-Rhine Operational Program INTERREG IV-A Euregio Meuse-Rhine
Project ORGANEXT : www.organext.orgj g gNanomaterials & innovative deposition techniques for novel generation opto-
electronic applications and thin-film solar cells.
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J i t d i t lli tJoin us towards an intelligentand sustainable future
www organext bewww.organext.be