l9 thoughts and belief ( 6.1 , 6.2 )

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Lesson 9 6. Thoughts and Beliefs 6.1 Development of Religion in Malaysia 6.2 Islam in Malaysian Constitution Malaysian Studies 2 1

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Page 1: L9   thoughts and belief ( 6.1 , 6.2 )

Lesson 96. Thoughts and Beliefs

6.1 Development of Religion in Malaysia6.2 Islam in Malaysian Constitution

Malaysian Studies 2

1

Page 2: L9   thoughts and belief ( 6.1 , 6.2 )

• Malaysia's official religion is Islam. Federal Constitution of putting Islam in the highest place (Article 3).

• Meanwhile, through Article 11 (1) and 11 (5) of the Constitution also allows Malaysians to practice their religion.

• Malaysia as a country with people of different races need to understand the moral values contained within various religions.

Page 3: L9   thoughts and belief ( 6.1 , 6.2 )

• All religions practiced in Malaysia such as Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, Christianity, Sikhism and Taoism have the values that move towards unity and prosperity.

• Emphasis is good value to be observed by the public can help control the individual people who behave well.

Page 4: L9   thoughts and belief ( 6.1 , 6.2 )

ISLAM

• Islam is a religion revealed by God (Allah) to Adam to Prophet Muhammad. The word Islam comes from the Arabic "salam" which means "man surrendered to God, then they will be rewarded with peace and prosperity. Thus, the meaning of Islam say peace be upon you (peace be upon you), when they meet each other.

Page 5: L9   thoughts and belief ( 6.1 , 6.2 )

• Malay represents the ethno-religious set of people who are Malaysian citizens born in Malaysia, whose ancestors are Malays, and who profess to be a Muslim, speaks the Malay language, and follows the Malay customs.

• They form the largest ethnic group which accounts for over half of the population and are the oldest indigenous people known to be on the Malaysian soil.

Page 6: L9   thoughts and belief ( 6.1 , 6.2 )

History / origin of Islam community in Malaysia

• Originally Malaysia was occupied by the Proto Malays which is known as the Orang asli, Iban and the Dayak community.

• The origin of Malay race can be traced back to the 15th century with the decline of the Srivijaya empire and the rise of the Malacca sultanate.

• It was also due to the traffic of traders from across the world that lead to inter-cultural marriages which eventually contributed to the amalgamation of Malay culture.

Page 7: L9   thoughts and belief ( 6.1 , 6.2 )

• During the 14th century Islam first established itself in the Malaysian Peninsula.

• The adoption of Islam by the 15th century saw the rise of sultanates which was most prominent in Malacca.

• Ever since then the Malay Empire left a lasting impression and a legacy that had a major impact on the Malay culture and history in Malaysia.

• Malacca was the first Malay Muslim state that achieved the status of a regional maritime power.

Page 8: L9   thoughts and belief ( 6.1 , 6.2 )

• It is believed that, Parameswara became a Muslim after his marriage to the Princess of Pasai and he took the Persian title ‘Shah’, calling himself Iskandar Shah.

• Within a few years of its establishment and reign by Iskandar Shah, Malacca officially adopted Islam.

• The conversion of Malays to Islam increased in the 15th century.

• It influenced the culture, culinary traditions, politics, literature, architecture and royal court traditions leading to the ethno religious group in the region.

Page 9: L9   thoughts and belief ( 6.1 , 6.2 )

Malay Customs and Traditions• The children of a Malay household are strictly bound by custom

to look upon their parents with respect and total obedience.• Friday (Jumaat) prayer is an important day for the Malays. It is

also an occasion for people to meet each other from the same neighbourhood.

• hTe Malay formal dress for men is the Baju Melayu, a loose, long-sleeved shirt which is worn over a pair of trousers. A white cap known as Kopiah is worn while going to the mosque for prayers. A velvet cap called as Songkok is also worn along with the formal dress with a leather shoes.

• Women on the other hand wear Baju Kurung, a loose tunic worn over a long skirt, which is usually made of batik, silk or sungkit material. A shawl known as Selendang is used to cover the head.

Page 10: L9   thoughts and belief ( 6.1 , 6.2 )

• Malay houses in the villages (kampung) are constructed of wood( timber) and palm-leaves (attap)

• During the festive celebration of Hari Raya, the Muslims undertake a month long fasting known as Ramadan.

• Malay weddings are a grand affair, the most important part of Malay wedding is the Bersanding where the couple sit next to each other on a sofa called the Pelamin.

Page 11: L9   thoughts and belief ( 6.1 , 6.2 )

BUDDHIST

• Buddhism is a philosophy based on the teachings of the Buddha, that Siddhartha Gautama, who was born in 536 BC religion focuses on aspects of ethics and morality that are believed to help people spiritually aloof from the suffering

Page 12: L9   thoughts and belief ( 6.1 , 6.2 )

Origin and history of Chinese in Malaysia

• The Chinese form the second largest ethnic group comprising of 25% of the Malaysian population after the Malays.

• During the 15th century, the Han Chinese was the first settlers who came to the Malaccan Empire

• Next the Fujian refugees from China resettled on the northern part of the Malay peninsula.

• During the late 19th century, the immigrants from China arrived in Malaysia as labors to work in mining sector.

Page 13: L9   thoughts and belief ( 6.1 , 6.2 )

• The confluence of different Chinese communities contributed to the rapid growth in Malaysia

• Sub-cultures of Chinese is like Min people, Hokkien, Fuzhou from Fujian province in China, Hakka, Hainanese, Cantonese, Guangfu, Peranakan, Baba Nyonya and the Wu people.

Page 14: L9   thoughts and belief ( 6.1 , 6.2 )

Languages spoken by Chinese Malaysian people:• The Min people form the largest dialect group in

Malaysia and speak the Min language.• Other languages include Teochew, Hakka,

Mandarin, Cantonese.Influence of Chinese culture on Malaysian land:• The Chinese follow their rituals and rites

religiously and uphold their cultural values. • For example the town of Penang where most of

the Chinese are found celebrates the harvest festival.

Page 15: L9   thoughts and belief ( 6.1 , 6.2 )

Influence of Chinese culture on Cuisine

• Traditional Chinese dishes have been developed using local ingredients and also thorough local inventions.

• Bak Kut Teh, Loh Mee and street food such as char kway teow and Hainanese chicken rice commonly found in Malaysia.

• During Chinese New Year, Malaysian Chinese will also eat Yusheng which was developed mainly in Kuala Lumpur.

• The Malay-Chinese fusion cuisine is the food of the Nonya or Peranakan which can be found in dishes such as Laksa and Mee Siam.

Page 16: L9   thoughts and belief ( 6.1 , 6.2 )

Indian

• In 2015, there are around 2 million people self-identifying as "Indian" who hold Malaysian nationality (including Malaysian-born and foreign-born people of Indian descent)

• Most are descendants from those who migrated from India during the British colonisation of Malaya.

Page 17: L9   thoughts and belief ( 6.1 , 6.2 )

• The first wave of Indians are known to have migrated to Malaysia during the reign of Asoka’s invasion towards Kalinga and Samudragupta’s expedition and the influential Tamil Chola dynasty of the 11th century.

• During the British rule, the Indians came to Malaysia as labourers and worked on rubber and coffee plantations and also to work in the palm groves to produce palm oil.

• Some of them are also known to have come to work on the construction of buildings, roads and bridges.

Page 18: L9   thoughts and belief ( 6.1 , 6.2 )

Languages spoken by Indians in Malaysia.• Majority of Indians who live in Malaysia are mostly

from Tamil Nadu and Kerala and speak Tamil and Malayalam while also speaking Telugu and Hindi.

Influence of Indian culture in Malaysia.• Similar to Baba and Nyonyas the Chitty community

in Malacca is the result of an amalgamation between the Indian immigrants and local culture.

• Though they remain Hindu, the Chitties speak Bahasa Melayu and their women dress in sarong kebayas instead of sarees.

• Another community which is an amalgamation is called Indian Muslim Peranakans (Jawi Pekan) who live in Penang.

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Festivals celebrated by Indians

• The Indian community celebrates two main festivals – Deepavali, the festival of lights and Thaipusam, an annual fair of the Hindu deity Murugan, held at Batu Caves along with many other smaller religious events every year.

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Influence of Indian Culture on Malaysian Cuisine:

• The use of spices makes it unique and Indian food is well received by Malaysians.

• The confluence of Indian and Malay cuisine is called Mamak – the restaurants are found all over in Malaysia.

• They sell Indian dishes like Roti canai, nasi kandar, maggi goreng and pasembur (Mamak rojak) unique to Malaysia.

Page 21: L9   thoughts and belief ( 6.1 , 6.2 )

The position of Islam

in Malaysian Constitution

Page 22: L9   thoughts and belief ( 6.1 , 6.2 )

The position of Islam in Malaysian Constitution

• The draft Constitution of Malaysia did not specify an official religion

• Justice Hakim Abdul Hamid of the Reid Commission which drafted the Constitution came out strongly in favour of making Islam the official religion,

• As a result the final Constitution named Islam as the official religion of Malaysia.

• All ethnic Malays are Muslim, as defined by Article 160 of the Constitution of Malaysia.

Page 23: L9   thoughts and belief ( 6.1 , 6.2 )

• As defined by the Constitution of Malaysia, Malays must be Muslim, regardless of their ethnic heritage; otherwise, legally, they are not Malay.

• It is legally possible to become a Malay if a non-Malay citizen with a Malaysian parent converts to Islam and thus claims all the Bumiputra privileges granted by Article 153 of the Constitution and the New Economic Policy (NEP)

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• The fact that Islam is the religion of Malaysia does not by itself import Islamic principles into the Constitution but it does contain a number of specific Islamic features:

• States may create their own laws to govern Muslims in respect of Islamic law and personal and family law matter.

• States may create Syariah courts to adjudicate over Muslims in respect of State Islamic laws.

• States may also create laws in relation to offences against percepts of Islam but this is subject to a number of limitations: (i) such laws may only apply to Muslims, (ii) such laws may not create criminal offences as only Parliament has

the power to create criminal laws and (iii) the State Syariah Courts have no jurisdiction over Islamic

offences unless allowed by federal law