l:6« d hg{n efu ! c+s # h'nfO{–;]K6]Da/ @))@

cfO=P;=P;=Pg=M !^*%–$)!@ efu ! c+s # h'nfO{–;]K6]Da/ @))@ If]qLo hnr/ >f]tx?sf] Joj:yfkgdf ;xof]u

l:6« d hg{n df5f dfg]{x? / s[ifsx?sf] lhljsf]kfh{g k2ltdf l;sfO{ / ;+rf/

l:6« dsf ;xof]uLx? ci6« ]lnog ;xof]u, ljZj vfB ;+u7g, gfsf / leP;cf]

1

l:6« d hg{n efu ! c+s # h'nfO{–;]K6]Da/ @))@

ljifo ;"rL

>f]t pkef]Qmf b]lv >f]t Joj:yfks ;Dd M Ps cy{k"0f{ kl/jt{g # ?k|]6f] cn]/f]hf, hf];]n kghLlng / /f]g]6 :ofG6f]; sDaf]l8ofsf k|flGto hLljsf]kfh{g k4lt cWoog 6f]nLsf] cy{k"0f{ kl/jt{g % a'g x]O 5]ª, 6fg ;f]d]y jg Xjf6, d] RofGyf]p / ag k'yL

;fd'bflos dT:o ljsf; sfof{nosf] Ps jif{ & df§ kms;

;fd'bflos dT:o ljsf; sfof{no Joj;fosf] nflu v'Nnf !) nf]p;L Dofs;g ;fG8jfr

hnr/ Joa:yfkg / ljsf;df ;/f]sf/jfnf / ;+:yfut ;+nUgtf !@ Pd s[i0fg / k|tfk P; lj|yfn

;'b'/ blIf0f sDaf]l8ofdf dT:okfngsf nflu df5fe"/f pTkfbgM ljs]lGb|s/0f Pp6f af6f] !$ cf]lne/ 8]nfxfO ufd'lSs, u|fxd l; d]OP/ / xf/e] 8]d]Og

l:6« d hg{nsf jf/] !& l:6« dsf jf/] !*

l6kf]6 l:6« d hg{nsf] of] c+sdf rf/j6f n]vx? sDjf]l8ofdf ul/Psf sfdx?;+u ;DaGwLt 5g\ . o;df cg'udg tyf d'Nof+sgsf kl/jt{gnfO{ k|sfz kfg]{ l;nl;nfdf JolQmut tyf ;+:yfut cy{k"0f{ kl/jt{gsf syfx? pNn]v ul/Psf 5g\ . l:6« d hg{n !-#_ sf] z'?jft ?k|]6f] cn]/f]hf-sf pkP/_, Ps hgf lkmlnlkG;sf d5'jf/n] yfONof08df /x]sf] :kfs{ cWoog e|d0fdf cfwfl/t syfaf6 x'G5 . o; n]vsf n]vså o /f]g]6 ;fG6f]; / hf];]n kfg· Llnggn] cfkmgf] n]vnfO{ cy{k"0f{ kl/jt{gsf] JoVofdf 6'UofPsf 5g\ .

csf]{ ltgj6f n]vx? sDjf]l8ofsf ;fyLx? hf] ;fem]bf/ ?kdf dT:o ljefusf] ;fd'bflos dT:o ljsf; sfo{fno -;f=d=lj=sf=_, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf :sfn] tLg k|fgtsf dT:O ljefusf sfof{nox? , dlxnf tyf e"=k" ;}lgs dfdnf ljefu / l:6« d;+u ;+nUg /x]sf 5g\ n] tof/ u/]sf x'g\ . j'g x] 5f· , 6fg ;f]d]y j'gxf6, d]O rfGyf]p / j'g k'yLn] hLljsf]kfh{g k2lt cWoog 6f]nLn] s;/L cy{k"0f{ kl/jt{gnfO{ Jojxfl/stfdf 9fNg] eg]/ k|i6 kf/]sf 5g\ . df§ kmS; / nf]p;L DoS;g ;fG8jfr, b'a} ;f=d=lj=sf=df sfd ug]{ :jo+ ;]js, n] s;/L Tof] sfof{nosf] ljsf; e}/x]5 eGg] bzf{Psf 5g\ . df§ n] sDjf]l8ofsf gbLx?sf] x'g] kl/jt{g / To;n] dT:okfngdf kg]{ k|efjnfO{ / nf]p;Ln] s;/L t:jL/x?n] xhf/ zJbn] ug]{ sfd ub{5g\ egL bzf{Psf 5g\

kf“rf} n]vdf Pd s[i0fg / k|tfk P; lj|yfnn] ;d'bfosf æ k|d'v JolQmx?æ n]] ef/tsf] t6Lo hnr/ ljsf;df k'¥ ofpg ;Sg] e"ldsfsf] jf/]df k|sfz kf/]sf 5g\ . clGtd n]vn] xfdLnfO{ sDjf]l8ofdfdT:o e"/f pTkfbgnfO{ s;/L ljs]lGb|s/0f ug]{ elg ul/Psf] cWoog k|ltj]bgnfO{ xfdL ;dIf k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . of] n]v cf]lne/ l8nfxfrL ufd'lSs, u|fxd l; d]/ / xf/e]O{ 8]d]gLn] tof/ kfg'{ ePsf] xf] . pxf“x? Plzog OG;l66o'6 ckm 6]Sgf]nf]hL;+u ;DaGwLt x'g' x'G5 .

xfdLnfO{ vd]/ / leotgfdL efiffdf l:6« d hg{n pknJw 5 eGbf v'zL nfu]sf] 5 . sDjf]l8of / leotgfdsf k|GtLo txdf sfd ug]{ ;fyLx?nfO{ pgLx?sf] efiffdf g} l:6« d hg{n 5flkPsf] ?kdf pknAw e}/x]sf] 5 . cGo efiffdf klg l:6« d j]e;fO6sf] e/Ro"cn k':tsfnodf of] hg{n pknAw 5 . g]kfnL efiffdf klg l5§ } cfp“b}5 .

xfdL l:6« d hg{nsf kf7sx?sf] k|ltlqmof k|lt ;r]t 5f}+ / ;+rf/ ;DaGwx?nfO{ k|sflzt ub}{ hfg]5f}+ . cflzif s'df/ -ef/t_ / Pd O{ clhd -j+ufnfb]z_, b'j}n] l:6« d hg{n !-@_ df n]v n]v]sf lyP, n] cfk;df Od]n cfbg k|bfg ul/ j+ufnfb]zdf ul/Psf] ;'Id jg:kltdf cfwfl/t dT:o kfng / ef/tdf o;sf] k|of]usf] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ cfbg k|bfg u/]sf lyP . cflzifsf] ;xL Od]n ashishkumar_1in@yahoo.com /x]sf] 5 .

k9fO{ cfgGbbfos xf];

u|fd x]n/– l:6« d lgb]{zs

ljlnod ;fe]h – l:6« d hg{n ;Dkfbs

2

l:6« d hg{n efu ! c+s # h'nfO{–;]K6]Da/ @))@

>f]t pkef]Qmf b]lv >f]t Joj:yfks ;Dd M Ps cy{k"0f{ kl/jt{g ?k|]6f] cn]/f]hf, hf];]n kghLlng / /f]g]6 :ofG6f];

df5'jf/ ;d'bfosf] g]tf / ;d'bfosf] cWoIf

d]/f] gfd æ sf pkP/æ xf] . d $* jlif{o Ps d5'jf/ / Pp6f ;d'bfosf] g]tf klg x' . d}n] k|f/lDes lzIff dfq xfl;n u/]sf] ePtf klg ;g\ !((!–(# ;Dd lkmlnlkG;sf] tl6o If]q cGt/utsf] j6gUof;sf] Ps ufp“ OGsf/gf;fog af/fGu]sf] ;ef;b eP“ . ;g\ !((@ df d ;Ddfsf cyf{t\ ;dfxfg PghL duf dflnnL6 gf dfGuLguL:8f PghL sfnf6fug -sfnf6fugsf] ;fgf d5'jf/x/sf] ;+u7g_ sf] ;b:o eP“ h'g ;+u7g lqm8 -l;Ocf/8L_sf] ;d'bfonfO{ ;+ul7t ug]{ k|of;sf] glthf lyof] / of] Ps u}x| ;/sf/L ;+:yf xf], h;n] ;fgf d5'jf/x?df ;xof]u ug]{ sfd u5{ . clxn] d Tolx ;Ddfsf -SAMMACA)sf] cWoIf ePsf] 5', h'g ;+u7g xfn lj:tf/ eP/ sfnf6fugsf ( j6f tl6o If]qx?sf] !) cWofo ;lxt ;+3df kl/0ft eO{ &)) eGbf a9L ;fgf d5'jf/x?nfO{ ;d]6\g ;kmn ePsf] 5 .

>f]t Joj:yfkgdf l;Sg] / cfbg k|bfg ug]{

cl3Nnf] jif{ afx|j6f ;d'bfosf 5flgPsf g]tfx? dWo] Ps d, u}x| ;/sf/L ;+:yf / lkmlnlkG;, OG8f]g]lzof / yfONof08sf :yfgLo ;/sf/sf k|ltlglwx? ;lDdlnt 6f]nLnfO{ cu:6 ! b]lv !% ;Dd yfONof08df cWoog e|d0fsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . o;sf] p2]Zo k|fs[lts ;Dkbfsf] Joj:yfkgdf :yfgLo ;d'bfox? s;/L ;xefuL aGg ;S5g\ egL cWoog ug'{ lyof] . pQ/L yfONof08df RofªdfO{ glhs}sf] ;fdf]Oª lhNnfsf pQ/L ls;fg ;+hfndf ;+nUg ls;fgx?n] s;/L kfgL 9nfg If]q -watershed_ Joj:yfkgdf ;xeflutf hgfPsf 5g\ eGg] ;DaGwdf d}n] k|ToIf b]Vg'sf] ;fy} a'emg] df}sf kfP“ . blIf0fL yfONof08sf] 6« fªdf d}n] v'g lkl;6 sf/gf]xnfO{ e]6]+ . Toxf“ ltgLx?n] s;/L df5fsf] cf>o :ynsf] Joj:yfkg ul//x]sf 5g\ / 3f]ndf /f]lkg] ljz]if k|sf/sf ?vx? -Dofª\u|f]e_ sf] If]qnfO{ s;/L k'g:yf{kg ul//x]sf 5g\ / pgLx?n] df5f dfg]{ If]q leqsf cGo pkef]Qmfx?;+u s;/L ;+emf}tf u/]sf /x]5g\ eGg] ljifodf pgLx?;+u 5nkmn ug]{ / l;Sg] df}sf kfP“ .

sf pkP/, bf];|f] nfOgdf bfof“ n]Vb}, yfONof08sf] e|d0fdf

yfONof08 / O08f]g]lzofsf ;fgf d5'jf/x?;+usf] cGtlqmof / :kfs{sf] of]hgf cGtu{tsf If]qLo sfof{zfnf / cWoog e|d0faf6 dnfO{ of] dx;'; eof] ls ;femf k|fs[lts >f]tsf] Joj:yfkgsf] ;DaGwdf s] s:tf sfg"g agfpg'k5{ / To;nfO{ s] s;/L nfu' ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] s'/fdf lg0f{o ug{ ;femf >f]tx?sf] pkef]Qmfx?nfO{ g} ;xefuL agfpg' k5{ . cGoyf Pp6f dT:o If]q cGo u}x| df5f Joj;foLx?, h:t} M ko{6g, ;fd'lb|s vf]h, ;fxl;s ofqfug]{ cfbLn] klg pkof]u ul//x]sf x'g ;S5g\ . d]/f] ljrf/df ;fgf d5'jf/x? h;sf] hLjg k2lt df5f Joj;fod} c8]sf] 5 / hf] >f]tsf dxTjk"0f{ pkef]Qmf klg x'g\, pgLx?nfO{ sfg"g lgdf{0f ug{ /

3

l:6« d hg{n efu ! c+s # h'nfO{–;]K6]Da/ @))@

lt sfg"gsf] sfo{Gjog ug{df ;xefuL jgfpg} k5{ . d}n] ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t k|fs[lts >f]t Joj:yfkg -CBNRM) df ;xefuLtfsf] dxTj af/]df j[xt ?kdf hfgsf/L xfl;n u/]+ .

Ifdtf / cfTdljZjf;

d}n] ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] af/]df s;/L ljZn]if0f ug]{ / >f]tsf] pkef]Qmfx? jLrdf x'g] 4Gb Joj:yfkg s;/L ug]{ eGg] af/]df l;s]+ . 4Gb vf; ul/ :yfgLo ;d'bfo / zlQmzfnL aflx/L zlQmx? h:t} Joj;flox? / ToxL ;d'bfosf ;b:ox? jLrdf klg x'g] ub{5 . 4Gb ljZn]if0f ug]{ d]/f] Ifdtfdf ;'wf/ cfpg'sf ;fy} d}n] 4Gb Joj:yfkg ug{ ;S5' eGg]] cfTdljZjf; ddf j[l4 ePsf] 5 .

d5'jf/x? / :kfs{sf] cWoog e|d0f 6f]nL;+u sf pkP/, sfnf] r:df nufP/ klxnf] nfOgdf jfof“, blIf0fL yfONof08sf] dfgu|f]e x's{g] If]qdf

xfd|f] ;+u7gn] :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] cfly{s ;xof]udf xfn} # j6f @))x!)) ld6/ If]qkmnsf] df5fsf] cf>o :ynsf] Joa:yfkg u/]sf] 5 . xfdLx? $% x]S6/ hldgdf Dofªu|f]e j[IFf/f]k0f ug{ ;+nUg ePsf5f}+, h;df cS;kmd{, a]nfotL u}x\ ;/sf/L ;+:yf kfsfk -PACAP_ / Pp6f ci6« ]lnog cfly{s ;xof]u ;+:yfn] cfly{s ;xof]u u/]sf 5g\ . xfd|f] Pshgf ;b:o vf8L If]qsf] dT:okfng / hnr/ Joa:yfkg kl/ifb\sf] cWoIf klg ePsf 5g\ . of] kl/ifb\n] hnr/ Joa:yfkg ;DalGw gLltx?sf] l;kmfl/; :yfgLo ;/sf/L lgsfonfO{ u5{ . xfdL /fli6« o ;+rf/sf ;b:ox?sf] ;xof]udf u}x| sfg"gL tl/sfn] df5f dfg]{x?sf lj?4 cleofg rnfpg ;lqmo ePsf5f+} . xfdLn] clVtof/jfnfx?;+u l;d]G6 sf/vfgf :yfkgfsf] ;xdtL glbg] ljZjf; k|fKt u¥ of}+, h'g sf/vfgfn] xfd|f] Dofª\u|f]enfO{ Iflt k'¥ ofpg'sf ;fy} xfdLn] df5f dfg]{ If]qx?nfO{ k|b'lift ug{ ;S5 . :yfgLo lgsfosf] ;xof]udf xfdLx? sfnf6fufgsf] kfufkf; vf8Lsf] af“sL lsgf/L efux?sf] ;+/If0f sfo{df ;+nUg ePsf5f}+ . ev{/} dfq d ul/jL lj?4 /fli6« o cfof]usf] - NAPC _ sf] /fli6« o kl/ifb\sf] ;b:odf lgjf{lrt eP“ .

hxf“ klxn] w]/} dflg;x? df5f ljz]if1x?n] dfq tl6o If]qsf] >f]tx?sf] /fd|f] Joj:yfkg ug{ ;S5g\ elg ;f]Rby] Toxf“ xfdL >f]tsf] pkof]u stf{x? klg /fd|f] Joj:yfks aGg ;S5g\ elg k|dfl0ft u/L b]vfpg rfxfG5f}+ .

sf pkP/ ;Ddfsfsf cWoIf x'g\ . hf];]n kfGuLlngg :kfs{sf] sfo{qmd ;xfos x'g\ / /f]g]6 :ofG6f]; :kfs{ sfo{qmdsf ;dGjostf{ x'g\ . lolgx?nfO{ < cerd @ skyinet.net> df / hf];]n / /f]g]6nfO{ spark @qinet .net df e]6\g ;lsG5 .

4

l:6« d hg{n efu ! c+s # h'nfO{–;]K6]Da/ @))@

sDaf]l8ofsf k|flGto hLljsf]kfh{g k4lt cWoog 6f]nLsf] cy{k"0f{ kl/jt{g

ag x]O r]ª, 6fg ;f]d]y jg Xjf6, d] Rofg6' / ag k'yL

lbuf]kg, hLljsf]kfh{g k4ltsf] cWoog, Ifdtf clea[4L / ;fy{s kl/jt{g

sDaf]l8ofsf dT:okfng k|b]zx? c;+Vo df5fsf dfg]{ efux?df ljefhg ;lxt ;d'bfosf] pQ/bfloTjdf kb}{ l5§ } g} ;'wf/f]Gd'v lbzftkm{ hf+b}5g\ . t/ w]/} ;d'bfox?n] ;d:ofx? ef]lu/x]sf 5g\ lsgeg] ltgLx?nfO{ gt hnr/ ;Dkbfsf] pkof]u lb3{sfn;Dd s;/L ug]{ eGg] af/]df yfxf 5 gt nuft/ ?kdf ljgf; x'+b} uPsf] k|fs[lts >f]tsf] ;+/If0f s;/L ug]{ eGg] af/]df g} yfxf 5 . sDaf]l8ofsf] ;/sf/n] ;d'bfodf k|fs[lts >f]tx?sf] ;+/If0f ug{sf] nflu ev{/} ;x–Joa:yfkg ;ldltx?sf] lgdf{0f ug{ yfn]sf] 5 . ufp“df lbuf] lhjg ofkg ;DalGw cWoog z'? ePsf] 5 h;n]] ufp“df p7\g] ljjfb / To;sf] ;dfwfg af/] kQf nufpg] p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 . o;af6 ufp“n]x?n] cfkm\gf lhjg ofkgsf /0fgLltx? :jo+ agfpg ;Sg]5g\ / ;d:ofx? x6fO >f]tx?sf] ;+/If0f ug]{5g\ .

lbuf] hLjgofkgsf nflu Ifdtfsf] ljsf; cWoog :sfn] -SCALE) gfds tflnd 6f]nLn] s08fn, sfDkf]ª, 5gfª / s|f6LO k|fGtsf k|flGto lhljsf]kfh{g k2lt cWoog ;d"x;+u ldn]/ ;DkGg u/]sf] lyof] . o; sfo{n] ubf{ ufp“n]x?n] 5nkmn ug]{, jftfj/0f, hnr/ >f]t / jGohGt' ;DaGwdf jt{dfg / eljiodf p7\g ;Sg] ljjfbx?sf] ;dfwfg ug{ z'? klg u/] . :sfn]n] Ifdtf ljsf; k|s[ofsf] klg cg'udg u¥ of] h;sf] p2]Zo tLg j6f k|flGto ;d"xsf sd{rf/Lsf] 1fg, wf/0ff / sfo{If]qsf] cEof;df s] slt ;fy{s kl/jt{g cfof] eGg] lyof] . o;df k|To]s k|flGto ;d"xsf 5 hgf dWo] rf/ hgf dT:o ljsf; ljefusf / b'O{ hgf dlxnf tyf e" k" ;}lgs ljefusf k|ltlglw lyP . tl/sfM cg'udg, lgl/If0f, k|ZgfjnL / k|ltj]bg tof/

lbuf] hLlsf]kfh{g k2ltsf] cWoogsf] qmddf :sfn]n] k|To]s k|fGtsf ;d"xx?sf] 1fg ,wf/0ff / sfo{If]q cEof; af/] a'em\gsf] nflu pgLx?sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u¥ of] . tflnd ;d"xn] lo ufp“x?df ;xeflutfTds u|fld0f ljZn]if0f -PRA) sf] x/]s ultljlwx? h:t} M ufp“sf] 5gf}6, ;xof]uL tl/sfx?, ;"rgf hfgsf/L ;+sng / ljZn]if0f, sDKo'6/sf] k|of]u / k|ltj]bg n]vg ;a}nfO{ sfo{Gjog u¥ of] .

:sfn] tflnd 6f]nLn] cWoog ;d"xsf ;b:ox?sf] 1fg, wf/0f / sfo{If]q cEof;sf] af/]df u/]sf lgl/If0fx?sf] clen]v /fv] h'g lbuf] lhljsf]kfh{g k2lt tflnd / ufp“df ul/Psf] lk=cf/=P= cEof; b'j}sf] af/]df lyof] . o; 6f]nLn] x/]s ;d"xsf, ljz]if ul/ dlxnfnfO{ a9L k|yldstf lbO{ dflg;x?sf] rl/q h:t}M sf]–s;;+u ldn]/ s;/L sfd u5{g\ , sf af/]df ;d]t cg'udg u¥ of] .

;xeflutfTds u|fld0f ljZn]if0f -lk=cf/=P=_ nfO{ a'em\gsf] nflu tflnd k"j{ ;a} k|flGto 6f]nLsf ;b:ox?n] k|ZgfjnL tof/ u/] . tflnd pk|fGt klg lk=cf/=P= 1fgnfO{ a'emg k|ZgfjnL tof/ u/] h'g tflnd sf]if{ z'? ePsf] tLg dlxgfkl5 dfq k"/f eof] / o;nfO{ @ j6f ufp“df lk=cf/=P= cEof;sf] ?kdf ;DkGg ul/of] . x/]s k|flGto ;d"xx?n] cfkm"n] s] s:tf cg'ejx? slxn] u/] eGg] af/]df j0f{g ub}{ ;fy{s kl/jt{g af/] k|ltj]bg tof/ u/] . oL k|ltj]bgx? ;d"xut 5nkmnaf6 tof/ kfl/Psf] lyof] .

glthf

lhljsf]kh{g k2ltsf] cWoog jf k|ZgfjnL b'j}sf] lgrf]8 o; n]vdf /fVg ;Dej gePsfn] s]jn ;fy{s kl/jt{gsf] af/]df lgDg lgisif{ lgsflnof] .

x/]s 6f]nLn] lk=cf/=P= sf ;fwgsf] k|of]uå f/f u|fld0f If]qsf] hfgsf/Lx? ;+sng ug{ z'? u/] .

;a} 6f]nL cfkm}n] bf]>f] ufp+df lk=cf/=P= nfu' ug{ ;Sg] eP .

;fdfGotof ;j} 6f]nLn] ;d"xdf /fd|f];+u sfd u/] . ;a}n] s;/L Pp6f k|lta4 / pQ/bfoL 6f]nL ag]/ lk=cf/=P= ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] af/] /fd|f];+u a'em] .

5

l:6« d hg{n efu ! c+s # h'nfO{–;]K6]Da/ @))@

k'?if / dlxnf b'j}n] ;+u;+u} ldn]/ /fd|f];+u sfd u/]sf] b]lvof]

lk=cf/P= nfu' ug{, ;d:of ljZn]if0f, sDKo'6/sf] k|of]u / k|ltj]bg n]Vg w]/} cg'ejx? rflxg] a'lemof] .

JolQmsf ;fy{s kl/jt{gsf syfx?

;]K6]Da/ @))@ df l;Pkml8cf]–:sfn]–l:6« d -CFDO-SCALE-STREAM_ hLljsf]kfh{g k2lt a}7s gf]dk]Gxsf] dT:o ljefudf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . o; a}7ssf] k|d'v p2]Zo tLg j6f k|fGtsf] hLljsf]kfh{g k2lt cWoogaf6 k|fKt k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ / To;sf] k|lts[of lng] lyof] . 5nkmnsf] cGtdf ltg}j6f ;d"xsf :jo+ ;]jsx?n] cfkm\gf] ;fy{s kl/jt{gsf syfx? ;'gfP . tL syfx? lgDg lnlvt 5g\ .

s08fn k|fGtaf6

d a'g k'yL x'+ . d dlxnf tyf e"=k"=;}lgs dfdnf ljefudf sfo{/t 5' . l:6« d;+u sfd ug'{ eGbf klxn] dnfO{ lkcf/P eGg] yfx} lyPg . d w]/} af]Ng] uy]{+ / ha d ufp“df sfd uy]{+ ufp“n]?nfO{ lzlIft t'Nofp“y] / d]/]f k|j[lt g]tfsf] h:tf] ;a} sfd b]vfpg] lyof] . tLg dlxgfsf] ;dod} d}n] lkcf/P / To;nfO{ nfu' ug]{af/] /fd|f];+u a'em]+ / ufp+n]x?af6 ;"rgfx? s;/L ;+sng ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] af/]df klg l;s] . ;d"xdf s;/L sfd ug]{, ;d"xsf ;b:ox? jLr /fd|f] ;DaGw s;/L /fVg] / cfkm\gf] ;d"xsf sfdx?sf] /fd|f] Joa:yfkg s;/L ug]{ eGg] af/] d}n] /fd|};+u a'em]+ . d}n] ;aeGbf a9L d]/f] ;d"xdf k|To]s lkcf/P tl/sf ;dfKt eP kl5 ;w} cfkmgf] ljZn]if0f ug{df Wofg lbP+ . d]/f] nflu ;aeGbf dxTjsf] ljifo ufp“n]x?;+u} a:g], pgLx?sf] jf:tljs hLjg:t/ af/] a'em\g] / ufp“df g} ;a} ;"rgfx?sf] ljZn]if0f ug]{ lyof] . d w]/} v'l; lyP“ / lkcf/P nuftf/ nfu' ug{ rfxfGy]+ lsgsL d ul/j ls;fgx?sf] ;d:of / To;sf ;dfwfgsf pkfo kQf nufpg Hofb} pT;'s lyP“ . clxn] d}n] w]/} cg'ejx? ;+ufn]sf] 5' / d clkm; / sfo{ If]q b'j}df /fd|f];+u sfd ug{ ;Sg] ePsf] 5' .

sfDkf]ªsf] 5gf· k|fGtaf6

d d]O RofGyf]p x'“ . d sfDkf]ªsf] 5gf· df s[lif ljefudf sfo{/t 5' . d}n] s] 7fg]sf] lyP+ eg] d lkcf/P tl/sf, sDKo'6/ ;km\6j]o/, k|ltj]bg tof/ ug]{ s]xL hfGg ;lSbg . d w]/} af]Ng klg dg gk/fpg] ePsfn] ufp“df uP/ slxNo} sfd ug{ ;lSbg . t/ hj d}n] l:6« d;+u # dlxgf sfd u/]+ d}n] lk=cf/=P= tl/sfaf/] /fd|f] hfgsf/L kfP“ . d ls;fgx?;+u k|ToIf ?kdf sfd ug{ ;sg] eP“ . d ;"rgfx? ;+sng ul/ k|ltj]bg n]Vg ;Sg] eP“ . d}n] lk|mXof08, cfs{Eo", j8{ / PS;n h:tf sDKo"6/ k|f]u|fdaf/] w]/} l;s] . d}n] ufp+n]x?sf] glhs /x]/ w]/} s'/f hfGg] / ;'Gg] df}sf kfP“ of] d cfkm}nfO{ ;lqmo agfO /fVg klg cfjZos lyof] . o; afx]s d}n] ljleGg hLjg:t/sf ufp“n]x?;+u a;L sfd u/]+ . cGtdf d]/f] hLjgdf 1fg, wf/0ff / Joaxf/df ;fy{s kl/jt{g cfPsf] dnfO{ dx;'; eof] .

qmfl6O{ k|fGtaf6

d 6fg ;f]d]y a'gj6 x'“ . d qmfl6O{sf] dT:o sfof{nodf sfd u5'{ . l:6« d;+u sfd ug'{eGbf klxn] dnfO{ lkcf/P sf tl/sfx?, sfo{ of]hgf s;/L agfpg], ;"rgfx? s;/L ljZn]if0f ug]{ / k|ltj]bg s;/L n]Vg] eGg] af/]df s]xL yfxf lyPg . l:6« d;+u sfd ubf{sf] # dlxgfsf] cjlwdf vf; ul/ dlxnf ;d"xdf a;]/ s;/L sfd ug]{ / s;/L of]hgf agfpg] eGg] af/] dnfO{ yfxf eof] . d}n] sDKo"6/ ;DalGw bIftfdf j[l4 u/]+ . c?nfO{ lgb]{zg ug]{ d]/f] k|j[lQ ufp“n]x?af6 ljrf/x? / d'4fx? lng] / ufp“n]x?;+u j;]/ sfd ug]{df kl/jt{g ePsf] 5 . d ufp“n] / :yfgLo clwsf/Lx?;+u /fd|f];+u s'/f ug{ ;Sg] ePsf] 5' . d}n] ls;fgx?af6 w]/} s'/fx? l;s]/ cfkm\gf] Ifdtfdf ;'wf/ u/]+ .

ag x] r]ª :sfn] cg';Gwfgsf / df5f e"/f s]Gb|sf Joa:yfks x'g\ . pgnfO{ <012809091@ mobitel.com.kh> df e]6\g ;lsG5 . 6fg ;f]d]y a'gj6 qmfl6O{ k|fGtsf dT:o ljefusf clws[t x'g\ . d]O RofGyf]p sfDkf]ª rgfª k|fGtsf s[lif ljefusf clws[t x'g\ . a'g k'yL dlxnf tyf e"=k"= ;}lgs ljefusf pklgb]{zs x'g\ . logLx? ;a}nfO{ cfdo@cannet.com.kh df e]6\g ;lsG5 .

6

l:6« d hg{n efu ! c+s # h'nfO{–;]K6]Da/ @))@

;fd'bflos dT:o ljsf; sfof{nosf] Ps jif{

df§ kms;

;fd'bflos dT:o ljsf; sfof{no -;f=d=lj=sf=_ sf] ofqf

Ps kljq cfTdfn] nfdf] ofqfsf] z'?jft ;xL lbzfdf rflng] Pp6f kfOnf]af6 g} x'G5 eg]sf 5g\ . 6f]GnL ;fk -sDaf]l8ofsf] 7"nf] tfn_ df kl/jf/x? / Joj;flos df5f dfg]{x? jLrsf] 4Gb cem v/fj ePkl5 cS6f]j/ @))) df k|wfgdGqLn] cfwf hlt Joj;flos df5f dfg]{ If]q hgtfnfO{ g} x:tfGt/0f ug]{ 3f]if0ff u/] . oL If]qx? -s/Lj % nfv x]S6/ _ ;/sf/L ;xof]u / lgb]{zgdf df5f dfg]{ ;d'bfox? cfkm}n] Joj:yfkg u/]sf 5g\ . of] sfo{nfO{ Ps kfOnf cl3 a9fpg / dT:o ;'wf/ k|lqmofnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ Ps jif{ klxn] dfq dT:o ljefudf ;fd'bflos dT:o ljsf; sfo{fno -;f=d=lj=sf=_ sf] :yfkgf ul/of] .

;f=d=lj=sf= sf] lhDd]jf/Ldf ;fd'bflos dT:okfngnfO{ ;xof]u, sfof{Gjog / ;dGjo ug]{ /x]sf] 5 . clxn] sDjf]l8ofdf ;'wf/ sfo{qmd 3f]if0ff u/] b]lv :yfkgf ePsf / cGo ul/ @$) eGbf a9L g} ;fd'bflos dT:okfng If]qx? h;df leqL If]q / tl6o ;d]t, /x]sf 5g\ . dT:o ljefusf lgb]{zs gfcf] w'cf]ssf] egfO cg';f/ ;fd'bflos dT:o Joj:yfkg wf/0ff sDaf]l8ofsf] nflu Pp6f gof“ cjwf/0f xf] . t/ o;nfO{ lkmlnlkG; h:tf b]zdf eg] ljut bz jif{ b]lv dT:o >f]tx?sf] lbuf] pkof]usf] tl/sfsf] ?kdf ;d;fdlos Joj:yfkg k4ltsf] ?kdf lnOb} cfPsf] 5 . xfdLn] lo cg'ejx?af6 l;Sg ;Sb5f}+ .

dT:o ;'wf/ / ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t Joj:yfkgn] ;a}nfO{ jf]Ng ;Sg] jgfPsf] 5 . oxf“ ;d'bfodf ePsf] r'gfjsf] glthfsf] k|ltIffdf

klxnf] jif{df g} ;f=d=lj=sf=sf] ljsf; eP/ @% hgf sd{rf/L sfo{/t /xg ;s]sf 5g\ . ltgLx? ljleGg k[i7e"ldaf6 cfPsf / clwsf+z klxn] ljefudf sfd ul/ ;s]sf 5g\ . s]xL;+u eg] ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t Joj:yfkgsf] cg'ej klg /x]sf] 5 . ;f=d=lj=sf=df ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t dT:o Joj:yfkgsf] sfof{Gjog / ;dGjo ug]{ r"gf}ltk"0f{ sfd ;DkGg ug{ tflnd lbg] sfo{sf] z'?jft klg eof] . ;f=d=lj=sf=n] u/Lj d5'jf/ ;d'bfodf ;x–Joj:yfkgnfO{ sfof{Gjog ubf{ c;/ ug{] d'2fx? af/] a'em\g ljleGg cg';GwgfTds cfof]hgfx? klg z'? u¥ of] .

l:6« d z'?jft / hLljsf]kfh{g cWoog

;f=d=lj=sf= If]qLo l:6« d z'?jftdf sfd ul//x]sf ;+:yfx? dWo] k|yd xf] . l:6« dn] cfkm\gf] sDaf]l8ofsf] /fli6« o ;+rf/ s]Gb| rnfpg / If]qLo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf jLrdf 1fg / hfgsf/Lx? cfbfg k|bfg ug{ / o;nfO{ /fd|f] u/fpg cfly{s ;xof]u ul//x]sf] 5 . ;d'b|kf/ :jo+ ;]js ;+:yfsf Pshgf :jo+ ;]js Joj:yfkg / ;+:yfut d'2fx?df ;Nnfx lbgsf nflu ;f=d=lj= sfof{nodf sfo{/t x'g'x'G5 .

7

l:6« d hg{n efu ! c+s # h'nfO{–;]K6]Da/ @))@

sDaf]l8ofsf] u}x\;/sf/L ;+:yf :sfn] -SCALE_ ;+u sf] ;xof]udf ;f=d=lj= sfof{non] dT:odf cfwfl/t hLljsf]kfh{g ljifos l:6« d ;xof]ufTds cWoog sfG8fn, sfdkf]ª 5fgfª / s]/fl6c k|fGtdf ;+rfng ul//x]sf] 5 . cWoog If]q cGtu{t 6f]Gn] ;fk, ldsª gbL / df};dL 8'jfg x'g] wfg v]t ;d]t ;d]l6Psf] 5 . df5f dfg]{ kl/jf/x?sf] hLljsfsf] ljifodf a9L hfgsf/L lng ;xeflutfTds u|fld0f ljZn]if0f tl/sf ckgfP/ >f]tx?sf] pkof]u stf{x?af6 l;w} ;"rgfx? ;+sng ul/Psf] 5 . Pp6f d'Vo cWoogsf] hf]8 rflx+ ;f=d=lj=sf= k|flGto dT:o sfof{no / dlxnf tyf e"tk"j{ ;}lgs dfdnf ljefusf] cg';Gwfg / ;xof]u Ifdtf ljsf; ug{df /x]sf] 5 . df5f dfg]{ ;d'bfosf] cWoog k|ltj]bg OR5's ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ pknAw u/fOg] 5 / o;nfO{ df5f dfg]{ ;d'bfox?sf] ljsf;sf cGo cfof]hgfx? ljsf; ug{ k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . l:6« d cWoogx?å f/f ;xefuL ufp“n]x? cfkm\gf] hLljsf]kfh{gdf c;/ k'¥ ofpg] d'2fx?nfO{ k|fyldsLs/0f u/L ;dfwfgsf sfo{x? ug{ ;IFd ePsf 5g\ .

Osnf/d (ICLARAM) hLljsf]kfh{g cWoog

j+ufnb]z, nfcf]; / leotgfdsf ;/sf/L lgsfox?df h:t} ;f=d=lj= sfof{no klg Osnf/dn] ;xof]u u/]sf] leqL If]qsf] dT:o kfngdf cfwfl/t hLljsf]kfh{gsf] cWoog ug]{ cfof]hgfdf ;xefuL ePsf] 5 . o; cWoogsf] p2]Zo hnr/ >f]tx?df u/Ljx?sf] cfl>tkg, ul/jLsf] ljz]iftfx? / hnr/ >f]tx?sf] unt Joj:yfkg jf c;kmntfn] u/Ljx? pk/ kg]{ c;/x? klxrfg ug'{ /x]sf] 5 . lo rf/ b]zx?af6 k|fKt x'g] glthfn] hnr/ >f]t Joa:yfksx? / j}1flgsx?nfO{ ul/jL / >f]tx? jLrsf] ;DaGwnfO{ /fd|f];+u a'em\g ;xof]u ub{5 eGg] ljZjf; lnOPsf] 5 . eljiodf cg';Gwfgsf] k|fyldlss/0f ug{ / ul/jL lgjf/0fsf] k|:yfg ljGb' klxrfg ug{df k|d'v hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 .

;f=d=lj=sf=n] ul/j d5'jf/fx?nfO{ ;xJoj:yfkg cGt/ut df5f dfg]{ clwsf/nfO{ ;'/lIft u/]sf]5 .

;f=d=lj= sfof{nosf] tflnd

cfkm\gf :jo+ ;]js sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;xof]udf ;f=d=lj= sfof{no Jo:tk"j{s sDaf]l8ofsf] u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx? / JolQmx?sf] ;dy{gdf ;fd'bflos dT:o Joj:yfkgsf tflndsf] ?k/]vf tof/ ug]{ / ;dGjo ug]{ sfo{ ul//x]sf] 5 . sd{rf/Lx?n] leqL If]q / tl6o If]qsf] ;fd'bflos dT:okfng If]qx?sf] cWoog e|d0fdf klg efu lnO/x]sf 5g\ ;fy}} bf];f+w 4Gb, ljsf;df lbuf]kg / gLltut d'4fx?nfO{ ;d]6]/ ltgLx? ljleGg ultljlwdf ;+nUg e}/x]sf 5g\ . ;f=d=lj=sfof{nosf k|d'v yfo l;df]lgsf] egfO cg';f/ cfkm\gf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;x–Joa:yfkgnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ / df5f dfg]{ ;d'bfonfO{ /fd|F];+u ;xof]u ug{ cfaZos kg]{ tflnd k|bfg ul/g] 5 .

;f=d=lj=sfof{nonfO{ cfly{s / cGo ;xof]u k'¥ ofO{ /x]sf ;+:yfx? cd]l/sg ;fyL ;]jf ;ldlt, sDaf]l8og kl/jf/ ljsf; ;]jf, l;ljPgcf/Pd, 8An'8An'Pkm, PkmPcf], l;Pd l/Pk, cfOl8cf/;L, Pdcf/;L SofKr/ dT:o cfof]hgf, Pdcf/;L hnfzo,cfof]hgf cS;kmfd cd]l/sf, cS;kmfd j]nfot / ;fl8k k|lt xfdL s[t1tf JoQm ug{ rfxfG5f}+ . o;sf sd{rf/Lx?n] l;Sg] cj;/ kfpg'sf] cltl/Qm ;f=d=lj=sf= lo ;DaGwx?nfO{ ;fd'bflos dT:okfngsf ;/f]sf/jfnfx? jLrdf ;+rf/ / ;dGjonfO{ a9L /fd|f] ug{ dxTjk"0f{ /x]sf 5g\ eGg] dx;'; ub{5 .

lIflthdf

;f=d=lj=sf= n] ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t dT:o Joa:yfkg / ;DalGwt If]qdf sfo{/t u}/;/sf/L lgsfox?;+usf] cfkm\gf] ;DaGw /fd|f] x'+b} hfg]5 eGg] ljZjf; u/]sf] 5 . sDaf]l8ofdf ;fd'bflos dT:okfngnfO{ :yfkgf ug{ / ;xof]u ug{ u}/;/sf/L lgsfox?n] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng ;Sb5g\ / tL ;+:yfx?;+u cem a9L ;xof]u / ;dGjo ul/ eljiodf ;fem]bf/Ldf cfof]hgfx? ;+rfng ug{ ;f=d=lj=sfof{no OR5's /x]sf] s'/f yfo

8

l:6« d hg{n efu ! c+s # h'nfO{–;]K6]Da/ @))@

;f]df]gLn] eGg' ePsf] 5 . dT:okfng;+u ;DalGwt u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?;+u ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] j}7s ;DkGg e};s]sf] 5 . ;f=d=lj=sf= ljleGg JolQmx?;+u sfo{ut Pp6f jlnof] uf“7f] tof/ ug{ k|oTgzLn e}/xg] 5 . o;n] cfkm\gf] klxnf] jif{df g} ljleGGF u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?;+u glhssf] sfo{ut ;DaGw :yflkt ug{ ;kmn e};s]sf] 5 / oL ;DaGwx?n] zzQm, ;dfgtfd"ns / kf/bzL{ ?kdf kl5;Dd ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t dT:o Joj:yfkg ug{ cfwf/ tof/ ub{5g\ eGg] ljZjf; lnOPsf] 5 .

x/]s jif{ sDaf]l8ofsf] 6f]GnL ;fk -7"nf] tfn_ dg;'g jiff{sf] sf/0f ldsª gbLdf a9]sf] kfgLn] ubf{ lsgf/ ;Dd el/G5 / 6f]GnL ;fk gbLn] cfkm\gf] lbzf abN5 / tfnnfO{ cf7 u'0ff ;Dd km}nfO{ lbG5 . o;n] ubf{ a;fO ;/fO{ ug]{ df5fx?n] km'n kfg]{ / aRrf tof/ x'g] k|lqmofdf ltj|tf cfO{ To;n] /fHosf] df5f e"/f cfjZostfnfO{ s]xL xb;Dd k"/f ul/lbG5 . x/]s gf]e]Dj/ dlxgfdf cfkm\gf] Jo:t ;dosf] jfjh'b klg dflg;x? ;do lgsfn]/ of] gbL kl/jt{gnfO{ x]b}{ pT;j dgfp“5g\ . df};d kl/jt{g;+u} gbL / tfnsf] kfgL 36]kl5 sDaf]l8ofsf df5f df/]/ lhljsf rnfpg] ;d'bfodf a]Un} dxTjk"0f{ glthf b]vf kb{5 . ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t dT:o Joj:yfkg k2lt tkm{sf] kfOnfnfO{ /fHosf dT:okfns / df5f dfg]{x?n] w]/} glhsaf6 x]l//x]5g\ eg] ;fd'bflos dT:o ljsf; sfof{nosf sd{rf/Lx? rflx+ cufl8sf] ofqfsf] of]hgf lgdf{0fdf Jo:t /x]sf 5g\ .

df6\6 kms; ;f=d=lj=sf=df ljsf;sf] nflu ci6« ]lnofsf o'jf /fhb"t x'g'x'G5 . pxf+nfO{ Od]n cfdo@camnet.com.kh df e]6\g ;lsG5 .

9

l:6« d hg{n efu ! c+s # h'nfO{–;]K6]Da/ @))@

;fd'bflos dT:o ljsf; sfof{no Joj;fosf] nflu v'Nnf

nf]p;L Dofs;g ;fG8jfr

le=P;=cf]=sf :jo+;]jsx?sf] sfdsf] cGtlt/ :jo+;]jsnfO{ sfddf nufpg] / glhssf] ;fyL;+uLx?n]

kb:yfkgsf] k'g{d"Nof+sg ug'{sf ;fy} k|ltj]bg klg tof/ u/] . o; k|lqmofdf cy{k"0f{ kl/jt{gsf] syf tof/

ul/ ;fyLx? jLr cfbfg k|bfg, 5nkmn, kl/dfh{g / kb:yfkg k|ltj]bgsf] ?kdf 5gf]6 ug]{ sfo{ ul/G5 /

lzif{s lbOG5 h;n] of]ubfg lzif{ss]f e"ldsf lgjf{x ub{5 . lo tnsf æ klxn]æ / æ kl5æ lzif{ssf kmf]6f]x?

k|ltj]bgsf] Ps c+zsf ?kdf k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] / o; ;fy} nf]p;Lsf] cy{k"0f{ kl/jt{gsf] syfsf] ?kdf

/x]sf] 5 .

To;j]nf (THEN)

kb:yfkgsf] ;dofjlwdf sfof{nosf] jftfj/0fdf Pp6f cy{k"0f{ kl/jt{g b]lvof] . Tof] cy{k"0f{ ;fy{s kl/jt{g sfd ug]{ jftfj/0f, sd{rf/Lsf] pTk|]/0ff / cfTdljZjf; / sfof{nodf b]lvof] .

10

l:6« d hg{n efu ! c+s # h'nfO{–;]K6]Da/ @))@

kl5 -Later_

sfof{nodf /fd|f] sfd ug]{ ;+:s[lt 5 ==========. Toxf+ sd{rf/Lx? jLrdf /fd|f] ;DaGw 5 / sfd ug]{ 7fp+ cfgGbbfos ePsf] 5 . sd{rf/L pkl:yt / ultljlw /fd|f] ePsf] 5 .

11

l:6« d hg{n efu ! c+s # h'nfO{–;]K6]Da/ @))@

hnr/ Joa:yfkg / ljsf;df ;/f]sf/jfnf / ;+:yfut ;+nUgtf

Pd s[i0fg / k|tfk P; lj|yfn

tl6o hnr/sf] cfjZostf

xfn} ;lsPsf] ef/tsf] Pp6f cfof]hgf cGtu{t xfd|f] 6f]nLn] hnr/ v]tL cEof; ;DaGwdf tldngf8" /fHosf] s'8\8fnf]/] lhNnf / cfGb| k|b]zsf] g]nf]/] lhNnfsf] Jofks cWoog u¥ of] . o; cfof]hgf k"/f ug'{ afx]s tl6o hnr/nfO{ cfly{s ultljlwsf] d'Vo If]q agfpg cfjZos kg]{ ljz]if kIfx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ cj;/ klg ldNof] . h'g lgDgfg';f/ 5g\

lhNnfsf ljleGg ljefusf clwsf/Lx?nfO{ u|fld0f If]qsf] lbuf] hLjgofkgsf nflu tl6o If]qsf] hnr/sf]] ;DefJotfsf jf/]df ;r]t u/fpg' cfjZos 5 .

>f]tx?sf] k|of]usf] /0fgLltx?sf] sfo{IF]qdf ;+of]hg ug]{ ;Nnfx ls;fgx?nfO{ lbg ;Sg] s]lGb|o JolStx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ /

/fHo dT:o ljefusf clwsf/Lx? / cGo ;+nUg ljefux?nfO{ hnr/ cflwsfl/stf lgod cg';f/ s[ifsx?nfO{ cfkmgf] dT:o kmfd{x?sf] btf{ u/fpg ;xof]u ug{ a9L hf]8 lbg pT;'s jgfpg' kb{5 .

ef/tdf tl6o hnr/ ljsf;sf ;d:ofx?

ef/tsf] tl6o If]qsf] hnr/ ljsf;df ls;fgx? jLr x'g] u/]sf] ljBdfg ljjfb / To;nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtfafg g]tfsf] cefj g} tuf/f]sf] ?kdf b]vfk/]sf] 5 . /fli6« o :t/sf j}sx?sf] s[lif If]qdf nufgL ug]{ ;kmn of]hgfx? -n3' C0f_ n] klg hnr/ If]qnfO{ eg] ;d]6\g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . hUufsf] :jfldTj, kfgL Nofpg] / k7fpg] gx/sf Joj:yfx?, kfgLsf] n]gb]gsf ;do / v]/ uPsf] hldgsf] a9\bf] k|of]usf] clwsf/ cfbL hnr/ If]qdf eO/xg] ljjfbx? x'g\ . k|fljlws ;ts{tfsf] cefj, ;jn ;+:yfx?sf] :jtGq k|of; / sdhf]/ k|rf/ ;]jfx? / hUufsf] 7]Ssf gLlt cGo k|d'v ;d:ofx? x'g\ . hUufsf] å }w :jfldTj, yf]/} ;dosf] 7]Ssfdf rsf]{ d"No cflbn] klg hnr/sf] b'|t ljsf;df cj/f]w NofPsf] 5 . hnr/ ;DaGwdf ;fdflhs unt wf/0ff, kf]v/Lx? gi6 ug]{ k|a[lt, tNnf] txdf sdhf]/ tflnd ;'ljwf / slxn] sfxL+ cbIf dlxnfx?sf] ;+nUgtfn] klg o; If]qsf] ljsf;nfO{ ;':t u/fPsf] 5 .

Plss[t k|of;sf] vf+rf]

ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7gsf] kl/jlt{t ?k/]vf cGtu{t ef/tLo hnr/df gljgtd pTkfbg /0gLltx? h:t} tNnf] :t/sf s[ifsx?nfO{ 6]Ssfdf dT:okfng, ckgfOPsf] 5 . h;n] ubf{ pTkfbg a9fpg w]/} g} d2t k'Ub5 . 7]Ssf v]tL k|0ffnL ;+:yfut k|0ffnLsf] ljkl/t ePtf klg o;n] tl6o hnr/ ljsf;sf] nflu k|z:t 7fp“ lbPsf] 5 . oxf“ lem+u] df5f kfng ug]{ ax';+Vos ls;fgx? lgDg:t/sf5g\ / logLx?sf] efudf Ps x]S6/ eGbf sd kfgLsf] If]q kb{5 . 7]Ssf v]tLsf] pNn]vgLo l;2fGt eg]sf] g} æ afO Jofsæ ;Demf}tf xf] . tl6o ls;fgx?n] o; ;Demf}tfnfO{ ;'ljwfhgs ;Demf}tfsf] ?kdf lnPsf 5g\ hxf+ k|fljlws ;Nnfxsf ;fy ls;fgx?nfO{ nufgL ug{ nufOG5 / clGtd pTkfbg rflx+ ls;fgs} 9f]sfdf uP/ vl/b ul/G5 .

Toxf“sf] tTsflns cfjZostf lhNnfsf clwsf/Lx?nfO{ tl6o hnr/sf] ;DefJotf ;DaGwdf ;ts{ u/fpg' xf] . ljefux? h;n] s[lif, cfo, l;+rfO, ;fj{hlgs sfd, ljB'tLo jf]8{, :yfgLo a}+s, /fli6« o s[lif a}+s, u|fld0f ljsf; / ljdf ;+:yfg cflb;+u sfd ug]{ ;a}nfO{ t6Lo hnr/sf] ljljw tTjx?sf] ;DaGwdf lzIff lbg' cfjZos 5 . lo r]tgfd'ns cEof;x? oL k]zf;+u ;DaGwLt s'/fx?df ;ts{ u/fpg lbOg] lzIff dfly b]lv tn;Dd g} x'gk5{ eGg]] 5}g . o:tf Ph]G;Lx?sf] k|zf;lgs k|d'vaf6} k|of;x?sf] yfngL x'g'k5{ h;n] cfkm\gf] dftxtsf JolQmx?nfO{ tflnd lbg ;S5g\ / Tof] g} k|;f/sf] Ps ;"q aGg ;S5 . ufp“:tl/o k|rf/ k|;f/ sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ dfq ;w}+ 5gf]6 ug'{ k5{ eGg] 5}g .

12

l:6« d hg{n efu ! c+s # h'nfO{–;]K6]Da/ @))@

d'Vo JolQmsf] dxTj

tl6o hnr/ If]qdf yf]/} dfq JolQmx? ;lqmo ?kdf ;+nUg ePsf s'/f xfdLn] @ j6f lhNnfsf] cWoogaf6 kQf nufof}+ . tL JolQmx? dT:o ljsf;sf sd{rf/Lx?, ljZjljBfnosf k|fWofksx? / ;d'bfodf x}sd rnfpg] JolQmx? h:t} ufp+:tl/o k~rfotsf ;efkltx? cflb dfq lyP . ltgLx?sf] ;+nUgtf jf:tjdf ;3g / ljgf;f]Gd'v lyof] . ltgLx?df cfkm\gf] 1fgsf] dxTj / cfkm"n] ufp“ / lhNnfsf nflu ug{ ;Sg] of]ubfg af/]df s'g} hfu?stf g} lyPg . pgLx?sf] Ifdtf Toltj]nf sfof{nosf ljleGg k|s[ofx?nfO{ dfGg'kg]{ x'gfn] l;ldt 3]/fleq af+lwPsf] lyof] h'g sfof{nosf] cfjZostf klg lyof] . t/ sfo{If]qdf eg] ltgLx?nfO{ a9L g} cf/fd lyof] . lgs6 eljiodf g} tflnd k|fKt u}/;/sf/L lgsfox? cfpg g;Sg] cj:yfdf pgLx?sf] IfdtfzLn of]ubfgn] ef/tsf] t6Lo hnr/ ljsf;df w]/} g} cy{k"0f kl/jt{g Nofpg ;S5 .

oL k|d'v JolQmx?n] ls;fgx?df cfTdf ljZjf; hufpg / ltgLx?sf] hUuf btf{ ug{ dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng ;S5g\ h'g hnr/ clVtof/df Tolt hf]8 lbOPsf] 5}g . tL k|d'v JolQmx? klxn] g} ufp“df 5g\ . :yfgLo JolQmTj jf k|fs[lts g]tf eP/ ltgLx?n] JolQmut ?kn] ;a} ;DalGwt ljefux?;+u ;DaGw :yfkgf ul/ ;+u7gsf] p2]Zo xfl;n ug{ / tl6o hnr/sf] lbuf] ljsf; ug{ dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg ug{ ;Sb5g\ .

pBdL / >f]t Joj:yfks

tl6o hnr/ cGo cfly{s s[ofsnfkx? h:t} pTkfbgsf ;fwgx?sf] Ps glthf xf] . hldgsf] ;'wf/, sfg"g, cfo / jlu{s/0f cflb /fHo;+u ;DalGwt s'/f xf] eg] cbIf >lds tl6o hnr/sf] nflu Ps :yfgLo d'2f xf] . k|dfl0ft e};s]sf bIf pBdzLntf vf; ul/ k|zf]wg If]qdf kfOG5g\ / o; If]qdf g} g]t[Tj hGdL/x]sf] 5 . ;+:yfut / JolQmut k"+hLsf] k|jfx lzIff, Ifdtf / nufgL ug]{ OR5fdf e/ kg]{ s'/f x'g\ . To;}n] of] If]qnfO{ ;+nUg ;a} ;+:yfx?sf] 6]sf]sf] cfjZostf 5 .

ef/tsf] tl6o hnr/n] ljutsf] sdhf]/ VoftLnfO{ k5fl8 5f8]/ cl3 a9\b}5 . ;g\ !(() tfsf ag]sf] gsf/fTds ;f]rfO{nfO{ lj:tf/} ;dembf/Lsf] af6f]df kl/jt{g u/]/ cuf8L a9\g ;lsG5 . pko'Qm Jojxfl/s Joj:yfkgn] pTkfbgsf] :t/ lbuf] /fVg / /f]usf k|sf]kx? lgoGq0f ug{ dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng ;S5 . s[ifs ;d'bfonfO{ Jojxfl/s Joj:yfkg ckgfpg ;xof]u ubf{ of] If]qsf] Ifdtfn] nfdf] ;do;Dd pTkfbgsf ;fwg / a:t'sf] cGt/ ;DaGwnfO{ sfod ug{ ;lsG5 .

;Gbe{ u|GyM s[i0fg Pd, la|yfn k|tfk P;, s] s'df/fg Pd / l;+x Pr @))!M ef/tdf sd g'lgnf]kfgL hnr/ k|0ffnLsf] cfly{s ljj]rgfM clGtd k|ltj]bg, cfOl;Pcf/–Plk ;]; kmG8 cfof]hgf, sd g'lgnf]kfgL hnr/sf] s]lGb|o sfof{no r]GofO{ / /fli6« of s[lif cy{zf:q / gLlt cg';Gwfg s]Gb| gof“ lbNnL .

8f= Pd s[i0fg al/i7 a}1flgs -cy{zf:q_ sd g'lgnf]kfgL hnr/sf] s]lGb|o ;+:yfg r]GofO{ / pxf“sf] Od]n mahadevak@hotmail.com or emkay1957@yahoo.co.in 5 8f= k|tfk P; la|yfn /fli6« of s[lif cy{zf:q / gLlt cg';Gwfg s]Gb| gof“ lbNnLsf jl/i7 a}1flgs x'g'x'G5 / pxf“nfO{ psbirthal_ncap@iasri.delhi.nic.in df e]6g ;lsG5 .

13

l:6« d hg{n efu ! c+s # h'nfO{–;]K6]Da/ @))@

;'b'/ blIf0f sDaf]l8ofdf dT:okfngsf nflu df5fe"/f pTkfbgM ljs]lGb|s/0f Pp6f af6f]

cf]lne/ 8]nfxfO ufd'lSs, u|fxd l; d]OP/ / xf/e] 8]d]Og

e"ldsf

df5f sDaf]l8ofsf] vfB kf]if0fsf] Ps dxTjk"0f{ lx:;f xf] / o;sf] clwsf+z cfk"lt{ k|fs[lts tj/sf df5f ;dft]/ g} ul/G5 . t/ of] tl/sfn] ubf{ klxn] g} w]/} df5f dfl/ ;lsPsf] 5 / o; tl/sfn] a9\bf] dfusf] k"lt{ ug{ klg ;Sb}g . o;sf] ;§ f dT:okfngnfO{ eljiodf b]zsf] vfB ;'/Iffsf] dxTjk"0f{ >f]t jgfpg' k5{ / o;sf] nflu kof{Kt / u'0f:tl/o e"/fsf] cfk"lt{ g} klxnf] cfjZostf xf] . vf; ul/ sDaf]l8of xfn;Dd klg cem} cljsl;t g} 5 . ls;fgx?sf] ultlzntf klg l;ldt 5, 3'DtL Jofkfl/s ;+hfnx? s]jn ljsl;t If]qdf dfq ljBdfg 5g\ . ufp“n] ls;fgx?nfO{ :yfgLo :t/df g} pgLx?nfO{ rflxPsf] j]nfdf / cfjZos dfqfdf df5f e"/f rflxPsf] 5 . pko'Qm hft / u'0f:tl/o -/fd|f] Joa:yfkg / j+zfg'ut /fd|f] u'0f_ df5f e"/fsf] kx'+r klg a9\bf] dxTjsf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 . xfn sDaf]l8ofdf df5f e'/fsf] cfk"lt{ l;ldt 7"nf Xofr/Lx?, h'g ljsl;t If]qdf /x]sf 5g\, df dfq s]lGb|t /x]sf]5 / logLx?sf] cfk"lt{ k|0fnL klg /fd|f] e};s]sf] 5}g\ . o;n] ubf{ u|fdL0f If]qdf df5f e"/fsf] cfk"lt{ w]/} g} ckof{Kt b]lvG5 .

cWoog ;Gbe{

sDaf]l8ofdf df5f e"/f pTkfbgdf s] s:tf cj;/ / r'gf}ltx? 5g\ To;sf] klxrfg ug]{ p2]Zon] hgj/L @))@ b]lv ;f]xL jif{sf] clk|n ;Dd blIf0f sDaf]l8ofsf $ j6f k|fGtx?nfO{ s]Gb| dfg]/ j[xt ;j]{If0f ul/of] . o; cWoogn] vf; ul/ df5f e"/f pTkfbg k|0ffnLsf] k|fljlws, ;+:yfut, ef}lts, cfly{s / ljleGg ;+hfnx? kIfnfO{ ;d]6]/ Ps Jojl:yt ljj/0fsf] ljsf; ug{ rfx]sf] lyof] .

/fHo k|0ffnL M ljs]lGb|s/0fsf] Ps kIf

ljleGg k|sf/sf e"/f pTkfbsx?nfO{ ;fwf/0ftof ;/sf/L jf bftfx?af6 ;xof]u k|fKt s]lGb|s[t b]lv ;fgf Ifdtfdf e'/f pTkfbg ug]{x? ;d]t ul/ rf/ ;d"xdf ljefhg ug{ ;lsg] s'/f cWoogn] b]vfof] . w]/} g} s]lGb|t ;fj{hlgs e'/f pTkfbg k|0ffnLx? u|fld0f If]q;Dd k|efjsf/L ?kdf e"/f ljt/0f ug{ c;kmn / cfly{s ?kdf b'j{n x'gfsf] ;fy} cfkm\gf] ljsf; / lj:tf/df gLlh If]qx?;+usf] k|lt:k|wf{df w]/} jfWotfx?sf] ;fdgf ul//x]sf 5g\ eGg] s'/f dxTjk"0f{ d'2fx?sf] kl/If0fn] b]vfPsf] 5 . ljs]lGb|s/0f k|0ffnLx? u|fld0f ls;fgx?sf] cfjZostf k"/f ug{ / jt{dfgsf ;d:ofx?;+u h'Wg a9L ;Ifd b]lvPsf lyP .

:sfn]å f/f 6 ]pn qmf;f·df ;+rflnt 7"nf] :s]ndf df5f e'/f pTkfbg -jfof“_ / s[ifsåf/f ;+rflnt ;fgf] :t/sf] Xofr/L -bfof“_

f

;fgf :t/sf e"/f pTkfbg If]qx? cem} klg z};j cj:yfdf eP/ klg clt sd ;'ljwf / ;+/rgfx?sf] pkof]u u/]/ ljleGg r'gf}ltx?sf] ;kmntfk"j{s Joa:yfkg ul//x]sf 5g\ . of] If]q vf]hpGd'v, nlrnf] / ls;fgx?nfO{ k|f/lDes 1fg lbg ;xof]uL l;4 b]lvPsf]5 . u|fld0f Xofr/Lx?sf] k|d'v jfWotf g} ljlQo / k|fljlws ;xof]usf] cefj / ljlzli6s/0fo'Qm cfjZos ;fdfu|Ldf ckof{Kt kx'+r x'g' xf] . ;j} lsl;dsf df5f e"/f pTkfbsx?, h;df 7"nf Xofr/Lx? klg kb{5g\, df dfp df5fsf] j+zfg'ut Joj:yfkg pko'Qm lsl;dn] ePsf] kfOPg h;n] ubf{ j+zfg'ut jxfj Oglj|l8ª / j0f{z+s/ OG6« u];g b]vfkb{5 / o;n] lgs6

14

l:6« d hg{n efu ! c+s # h'nfO{–;]K6]Da/ @))@

eljiodf g} pTkfbsTjdf c;/ b]vf kb{5 . ;fj{hlgs jf u}x| ;/sf/L Xfr/Lx?sf] pTkfbg kl/df0f ;fgf pTkfbsx?sf] t'ngfdf w]/} ePtfklg lolgx?n] c:j:y k|lt:kwf{ lgDTofPsf 5g\ . w]/} h;f] 7"nf Xofr/Lx? l;ldt If]qdf Pslqt ePsfn] logLx?n] l:y/ jf 36\bf] dfusf] ;fdgf ug'{ kl//x]sf] 5 . csf]{ tkm{ ;fgf :t/sf e"/f pTkfbsx?n] eg] l;ldt k|lt:kwf{;+u} dfu a9]sf] s'/f u/] o;sf] sf/0f dT:okfng sfo{qmd xfn d'Vo ?kdf u|fld0f If]qdf g} s]lGb|t /x]sf] 5 .

s]lGb|s[t / ljs]lGb|t e"/f pTkfbg /0fgLltx?

dT:okfngsf] k|f/Dedf ;Lk / >f]tsf] cefjdf s]lGb|s[t e"/f pTkfbg /0fgLltnfO{ dfq hf]8 lbg' o'lQm;+ut g} b]lvG5 . xfn blIf0fL sDaf]l8ofsf ls;fgx?n] ljs]lGb|t ljt/0f k|0ffnLsfsf/0f kmfObf lnPsf] b]lvG5 . oxL ljs]lGb|t /0fgLltnfO{ Pl;ofsf cGo b]zx?n] klg ;kmntfk"j{s ckgfPsf 5g\ / gLlh pBdLx?n] df5f e"/f pTkfbgdf k|e'Tj hdfPsf klg 5g\ . u|fld0f If]qdf df5f jhf/ / o;sf ;+/rgfx?sf] ;kmntf k"j{s ljsf; x'+b} hf“bf df5f e"/fsf] dfu klg a9\b}5 / ls;fgx? e"/fsf] u'0f:t/ / hftk|lt ;+j]bgzLn x'g yfn]sf 5g\ h;n] ubf{ Joj;flos e"/f pTkfbs / bnfnx?sf] ;+hfnsf] hGd x'g an ldNg]5 . df5f e"/f cfk"lt{df o:tf] kl/jt{g cfPkl5 7"nf s]lGb|s[t ;/sf/L / u}x| ;/sf/L ;+:yfsf Xofr/Lx?n] cfkm\gf] e"lesfdf kl/jt{g ul/ cfkm"nfO{ 7"nf cfk"lt{stf{sf] ?kdf pEofpg kof{Kt u'0f:tl/o e"/fsf] ;fy} cfkm"nfO{ oyf :yfg / oyf ;dodf cfk"lt{ ug{ ;Ifd ePsf] ;fljt klg ug{ ;Sg'k5{ .

ljs]lGb|s[t e"/f cfk"lt{

df5f e"/fsf] ljs]lGb|t cfk"lt{ Joj:yfnfO{ ;kmn kfg{ ;fgf :t/sf e"/f ljt/sx?sf] ;+hfn b]zel/ jgfpg k|f]t;fxg ug'{ kb{5 . ;fj{hlgs jf u}x| ;/sf/L ;+:yfsf Xofr/Lx?sf >f]tx? cToflws pTkfbg / c:j:y k|lt:k|wf{df vlr{g'eGbf gLlh If]qsf] pTyfgsf] nflu k|of]u ul/g'k5{ . u}x| ;/sf/L ;+:yf / k|flGto sfof{nox?sf] k|rf/ k|;f/sf ultljwLx? ;fgf pTkfbsx?nfO{ dT:okfng ;DalGw ljleGg kIfdf tflnd lbg / k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f ug{, pTkfbs / pgLx?sf u|fxs jLr k|efjsf/L ;DaGw :yfkgf ug{ ;xof]u ug{ s]lGb|t x'g'k5{ . jf:tjdf lo s'/fx? ;Dej x'gsf] nflu sDaf]l8ofsf gLlt lgdf{tfx?n] dT:o ljsf;df ;/f]sf/ /fVg]x? ;j}nfO{ ;dfa]z ul/ /fd|f] lg0f{o / /0fgLltx? nfu' ug'{k5{ .

u}/;/sf/L / cGt/fli6« o ;+:yfx?

;/sf/L If]q

k|fGtLo dT:o sfof{no

;fgf] :t/

– l;ldt cfly{s / dfgljo >f]t /

– s[ifsx?sf] 7"nf] ;+Vofsf sf/0fn] ckof{Kt k|;f/ ;]jf

– dfp df5f kfng – ;fgf :t/sf e'/f pTkfbsnfO{

tflnd – ;fgf :t/sf e'/f pTkfbsx?nfO{

pk'Qm x'g] k|ljlwsf] ljsf;

;fgf] :t/sf e'/f pTkfbsx?af6 u|fxsx?nfO{ IfdtfzLn ;xof]u

pTkfbg ;fdfu|L ljt/0fdf k|;f/ / ljlzli7s/0f

e'/f pTkfbgdf s[lif k|;f/ stf{x?nfO{ tflnd

cfof]hgfx?af6 k|ToIf ;xof]u

cfly{s / dfgljo >f]tx?

x'sfpg] g;{/L Xofr/L

w]/} e'/f pTkfbg s]Gb|x?

;fgf] :t/sf] ljs]lGb|t e'/f ljt/0f ;+hfn tof/ ug]{ -lgnf] /+udf_

15

l:6« d hg{n efu ! c+s # h'nfO{–;]K6]Da/ @))@

cf]lne/ 8]nfO{ ufd'lSs P;O PPkml8Ol; yfOn}08 / j}+ssf ;lrj x'g\ / PcfO{l6 sf df:6/ l8u|Lsf ljBfyL{ klg x'g\ . u|fxd l; d]/ / xf/e] 8] d]Og Pl;og k|fljlws ;+:yf j}+ss;+u ;Da4 5g\ . ufd'lSsnfO{ <odega@seafdec.org> df / u|fxd d]/nfO{ <gcmair@ait.ac.th> df e]6\g ;lsG5 .

16

l:6« d hg{n efu ! c+s # h'nfO{–;]K6]Da/ @))@

l:6« d hg{n jf/] k|sflztM l:6« d –If]qLo hnr/ >f]tsf] Joj:yfkgsf nflu ;xof]u

Plzof–Kof;]lkms g]6js{ ckm PSjfsNr/ ;]G6/ - gfsf _ ;lrjfno ;/:jtLejg dT:o ljefu kl/;/ s];]6;f6{ ljZjljBfno nf8\of] hf6'g]s a}+ss !)()# yfONof08

;Dkfbs d08n M u|fd x]n/ –l:6« d lgb]{zs ln yfGx No"–l:6« d /fli6« o sf]cf]l8{g]6/, leotgfd ljlnod :ofe]h – l:6« d ;+rf/ ljz]if1 yfo l;df]gL– l:6« d /fli6« o sf]cf]l8{g]6/, sDjf]l8of

;f]lgc ;]leNnL – l:6« d /fli6« o sf]cf]l8{g]6/, lkmlnlkG;

p2]ZoM

of] l:6« d hg{n hnr/ >f]tsf] pkof]u ul/ cfkmgf] hLjg k2lt rnfO/x]sf Plzof k|zfGt If]qsf u/Ljx?nfO{ k|efljt ug]{ ;xefuLtf, ;+rf/ / gLltx?sf] k|j4{g ug]{ p2]Zon] q}dfl;s ?kdf k|sflzt e}/x]sf] 5 . o;sf] csf]{ p2]Zo o; If]qdf hnr/ >f]t Joj:yfkg / cGo I]fq jLrdf cGt/ ;DaGw sfod u/fpg] xf] . l:6« d hg{nn] l;ldt >f]tx? EPsf ljz]if ul/ hnr/ >f]t Joj:yfkg;+u hLjg k2lt uf“l;Psf hgtf;+u ;DaGwLt d'2fx? /; d'bfodf sfo{/t ;/sf/L, u}x|;/sf/L / cGt/fli6« o sfo{stf{x?;+u sfd ug]{ d'2fx?nfO{ ;d]6b5 . o:tf d'2fx?df l;sfO{, 4G4 Joj:yfkg, sfg'gL Joj:yf, hLjg k2lt, n}l· s, ;xeflutf, ;/f]sf/jfnfx? / ;+rf/ /x]sf 5g\ .

o;sf] csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ p2]Zodf z}lIfs If]qdf pkof]uL ;fdfu|Lx? h'g If]qut ljifo ljz]if1x?å f/f tof/ ul/Psf x'G5g\, nfO{ ;d]6g' klg xf] . o;n] s'g} ;+3 ;+:yfsf] cjwf/0fnfO{ eGbf JolQmut cg'ejdf tof/ ul/Psf wf/0ffx?nfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ ;d]6b5 . o;df 5flkg] n]vx?sf] ljifo a:t'sf] lhDd]jf/L n]vssf] eP klg To;df ;Dkfbs ;d"xn] s]xL x]/km]/ / ;'wf/ ug{ ;Sb5 .

ljt/0fM l:6« d hg{n ltg ?kdf kf7sx? ;dIf k'Ub5 M != On]S6« f]lgs ?kdf h;nfO{ l:6« dsf ;+rf/ s]Gb|x?n] 5kfO{ ul/ ljt/0f ug{ ;S5g\ @= l:6« d j]j;fO6 www.streaminitiative.org af6 8fpgnf]8 ul/ x]g{ ;lsg] #= 5flkPsf] cj:yfdf gfsfsf] ;lrjfnoaf6 ljt/0f ul/g]

of]ubfg M hnr/ >f]tx?sf] pkof]u stf{ / pgLx?;+u sfd ug]{x?n] cf–cfkmgf n]vx? k7fP/ o; hg{ndf of]ubfg ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 . To;} ul/ ;d'bfodf sfo{/t ;dsIfL ;+3 ;+:yfsf ;fyLx?nfO{ klg cf–cfkmgf n]vx? k7fO{ ;xof]u / of]ubfg ug'{ x'g cg'/f]w ul/G5 . n]vx? ;fwf/0f cu|]hL efiffdf Ps xhf/ zAbdf ga9fO{ n]lvPsf] x'g' kb{5 . n]vx? o; hg{nsf ;Dkfbs ljlnod ;fe]hnfO{ Od]n savage@loxinfo.co.th df k7fpg ;lsG5 .

a9L hfgsf/Lsf nflu ;Dks{ M u|fd x]n/ - Graham Haylor_ –l:6« d lgb]{zs Od]n M ghaylor@loxinfo.co.th

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• e}/x]sf / k|fKt x'g] ;"rgfx?sf] a9L zzQm ?kdf pkof]u ug{ • u/Lj hgtfsf] hLjg lgjfx{ k2ltnfO{ /fd|f];+u a'emg / • u/Lj hgtfnfO{ pgLx?sf] hLjg lgjfx{ k2ltdf k|efj kfg]{ gLlt / lasf; k|lqmofx?df a9L ;xefuL x'g'

/ k|efj kfg{ ;xof]u k'¥ ofpg gLlt / k|lqmof lasf;df ;+nUg ;+:yfx?nfO{ ;xof]u / pgLx?sf] lgDg sfo{ ug{ Ifdtf clea[l4 ul/ l:6« dn] oL

dflysf p2]Zox? k"lt{ ub{5 . • u/Lj hgtfsf] hLjg k2ltdf k|efj kfg]{ hnr/ >f]tx?sf] Joj:yfkgsf d'2fx? klxrfg ug{ • ljleGg Joj:yfkg k2ltx?sf] cg'udg / d'Nof+sg ug{ • ;"rgf / hfgsf/Lx? a9fpg / • ;f]xL If]q / cGt/ If]q / b]zx? jLr ;"rgf ;+hfnsf] lgdf0f{ ug{

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l:6« dn] sfo{ u/]sf b]zx?df ;fem]bf/x?sf] sfo{sf] ;dGjo /fli6« o ;dGjo bn, h;df Toxf“sf] ;/sf/n] l:jsf/ u/]sf Ps hgf l;lgo/ clkm;/ /fli6« o ;dGjo stf{ / ;+rf/ s]Gb| Joj:yfks x'G5g\, n] ub{5 / o;n] :yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;+u klg ;DaGw sfod ub{5 . ;+rf/ s]Gb|sf nflu cfjZos ;fdfu|Lx?, ;km6jfo/, tflnd ;"rgf k|ljlw ;xof]u, ;+hfn lgdf0f{, dfgjLo ;+;fwg ljsf; / OG6/g]6df cfwfl/t If]qLo ;+hfn leqsf /fli6« o ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;+u cGt/;Dagw sfod ug{ ;xof]u ul/G5 .

/fli6« o ;dGjo bnn] x/]s jif{ /fli6« o ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;+u k/fdz{ ul/ tof/ u/]sf] /fli6« o /0fgLlt kqsf] k'g{M d'Nof+sg ub{5 / cfjZos kl/dfh{g ub{5 . /fli6« o /0fgLlt kqn] d'Vo d'2fx? klxrfg ug]{, If]qLo ;DaGwnfO{ k|sfz kfg]{, p2]Zox? / d'Vo ultljlwx?df k|fyldstf lbg] / l:6« d / jfXo >f]tx?af6 sf]if h'6fpg] sfo{df ;xof]u ub{5 .

l:6« dsf] If]qLo sfof{no, h'g gfsfsf] ;lrjfno a}+ssdf /x]sf] 5, n] If]qLo ;dGjosf] sfd ub{5 . o;sf ;fy} sf]if Joj:yfkg / hLjg k2lt, gLlt lgdf0f{, ;+rf/ / cGo ljz]if d'2fx? jf/] Ps cfk;df cWoog / Joj:yfkg ub{5 . ;+rf/n] cGt/lqmof, cg'ejaf6 l;sfO{ / ;fem]bf/x?sf ultljlw ;DaGwdf ;Dks{ sfod u/fpb5 .

l:6« dsf] sfof{Gjog rfxL ub}{ l;Sb} ug]{ k|lqmof cGt/ut k|yd r/0fdf sDjf]l8of / leotgfddf nfu' ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf] lj:tf/ rf“xL u/LjL lgjf/0f nflu sfo{ ug{ ;lsg] pko'Qm cj:yf ePsf Plzof–k|zfGt If]qsf b]zx?df ul/G5 . tL If]qdf xfl;n x'g] cg'ej, l;lsg] kf7, k|efjsf] k|bz{g / yk sf]ifsf] Joj:yf cg';f/ ;'zf;gnfO{ k|f]T;fxg x'g] ul/ sfo{ ul/g] 5 . l:6« dsf] ;+rf/ /0fgLltsf] p2]Zo jt{dfg 1fg / ljz]if1tfsf] kl/jlt{t k|lqmof cg';f/ If]qLo :t/df cfbg k|bfg u/fpg], cg'ejx? ;f6f;f6 ug]{ / Plzof k|zfGt If]qdf o;sf k|efjnfO{ lj:tf/ ug]{ /x]sf] 5 . l:6« d hg{n / j]a;fO6df ePsf] 5nkmn d~r g} of] /0fgLltnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ d'Vo c+u x'g\ .

l:6« d /fli6« o ;+rf/ s]Gb| Joj:yfksx?

sDjf]l8of– l;d le¥ ofs - cfdo@camnet.com.kh) leotgfd – gUo"Pg ;f]· xf - nguyensongha@fpt.vn) lkmlnlkG; – Olnhfj]y uf]Ghfn]; -streambfar-phil@skyinet.net)

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l:6« d hg{n efu ! c+s # h'nfO{–;]K6]Da/ @))@

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