THE FACE AND SCALP

B. L. Manion, Ph.D.

OBJECTIVES

• Be able to describe the anatomical

boundaries of the face and scalp.

• Be able describe the vascularization and

innervation of the face and scalp.

• Be able describe the structure and function

of the muscles of facial expression.

• Be able to describe the structure and

function of the eyelids.

OBJECTIVES

• Be able to describe the structure and

function of the lacrimal gland.

• Be able to describe the structure and

function of the external nose.

• Be able to relate the anatomy of the face

and scalp to clinical considerations.

THE FACE

Hairline

Chin Anterior to ear

I have naturally curly hair.

Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy, 13th

English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION

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MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION

Dr. Manion

said # 64

was what!

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MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION

Occipitalis M.

Frontalis M.

Orbicularis Oculi M.

Orbicularis Oris M.

Platysma M.

All are innervated

by the facial

nerve.

Galea Aponeurotica

Purses lips,

closes mouth

Closes eyelids

tightly

Moves scalp

Moves scalp

Tenses neck skin

Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,

13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION

Orbicularis Oculi M.

Frontalis M.

Buccinator M.

Orbicularis Oris M. Compresses lips Platysma M.

Compresses cheeks

Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,

13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION

Parotid

gland

Parotid

gland

Parotid Duct piercing

buccinator m.

Frontalis M.

Orbicularis Oculi M.

Orbicularis Oris M.

Buccinator M.

Occipitalis M.

Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,

13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

EYELIDS

Lateral Canthus Medial Canthus

Eyelashes (both eyelids)

Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,

13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

EYELIDS

Bulbar Conjunctiva (Ophthalmic n. (V1)

via lacrimal, ciliary and infratrochlear

branches)

Palpebral Conjunctiva (upper lid,

ophthalmic n., lower lid, infraorbital n. (V2)

Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,

13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

EYELIDS

Palpebral Conjunctiva

Superior Fornix

Inferior Fornix

Corneal Epithelium, no

blood vessels but lots of

naked nerve endings,

different histology than

bulbar conjunctiva

Bulbar Conjunctiva,

highly vascular

"bloodshot eyes"

EYELIDS

Lacrimal

Lake

Inferior

Lacrimal

Puncta

Superior

Lacrimal

Puncta

Semilunar Fold (Plica Semilunaris, a

vestige of a nictitating membrane?)

Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,

13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

Lacrimal

Caruncle

EYELIDS

Orbicularis Oculi M.

(CN VII) Tarsal Plate, dense

fibrous tissue with

some elastic fibers

Tarsal (Meibomian) Glands

(sebaceous) help produce

an oily layer on the margins

of the eyelids (infection =

hordeolum internum =

meibomian stye)

Eyelash or Cilia

Ciliary Glands (sebaceous and sweat),

(infections = stye = hordeolum externum)

Levator Palpebrae

Superioris M. (CN III)

Superior Tarsal M.

(sympathetic nn. from

superior cervical ganglion)

EYELIDS

Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,

13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

Medial Palpebral Ligament

Orbicularis Oculi,

orbital portion

Orbicularis

Oculi,

palpebral

portion

EYELIDS

Tarsal

Plate

Orbital

Septum

Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,

13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

EYELIDS Upper Tarsal Plate

Lower Tarsal Plate

Medial

Palpebral

Ligament

Lateral

Palpebral

Ligament

Lacrimal Sac Levator Palpebrae

Superioris M.

Inferior Oblique M.

Eyeball

Intraconal Fat

Lacrimal Gland

Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,

13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

Optic nerve Tarsal Plates

Superior

Tarsal M.

Inferior

Tarsal M.

Levator Palpebrae Superioris M.

Superior Rectus M.

Inferior Rectus M.

Inferior Oblique M.

EYELIDS

LACRIMAL GLAND

Palpebral

Portion

Orbital

Portion

Tendon of

Levator

Palpebrae

superioris

Orbital

septum

Lacrimal

Sac

Nasolacrimal

Duct in the

Nasolacrimal

Canal

Inferior

Nasal

Concha

Superior and

Inferior

Lacrimal

Canaliculi

picking up

tears at

Lacrimal

Puncta

Tears drain into

Inferior Nasal

Meatus

LACRIMAL GLAND

Excretory Ducts

of the lacrimal

gland in the

superior

conjunctival

fornix

LACRIMAL GLAND

Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,

13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

LACRIMAL GLAND

THE EXTERNAL NOSE

Apex

External

Nares

Bridge

Root

Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy, 13th

English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

Nasal Bone

Maxillae

Nasal Cartilages

THE EXTERNAL NOSE

Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,

13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

THE EXTERNAL NOSE

Cartilaginous

Septum

Perpendicular Plate

of the Ethmoid Bone

Vomer

Nasal Bone

Palatine Process of Maxillae

Palatine Bone

Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,

13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

THE SCALP

S

C

A

L

P

Skin

Dense Connective Tissue

Aponeurosis

Loose Connective Tissue

Pericranium

Periosteum of skull

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ARTERIES OF THE FACE AND SCALP

External Carotid A.

Occipital A.

Superficial

Temporal A.

Posterior Auricular A.

Facial A.

Inferior

Labial A.

Superior

Labial A.

Angular A.

Transverse

Facial A.

Inferior Alveolar A. Mental A.

Infraorbital A.

Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,

13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

ARTERIES OF THE FACE AND SCALP

Facial A.1

Supraorbital A.2

Supratrochlear A.2

Angular A.5

Lateral Nasal AA.5

Superior Labial A.5

Inferior Labial A.5

Mental A.6 Transverse Facial A.3

Superficial

Temporal A.1

Infraorbital A.4

1 br. of external carotid a.

2 br. of ophthalmic a.,

3 br. of superficial temporal a.

4 br. of maxillary a.

5.br. of facial a.

6.br. of inferior alveolar a.

Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,

13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

ARTERIES OF THE FACE AND SCALP

Branches of

external carotid a.

Branches of ophthalmic

artery a branch of the

internal carotid a.

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NERVES OF THE FACE AND SCALP

Supratrochlear N.

(V1)

Infraorbital N.

(V2)

Mental N.

(V3)

Facial N.

Supraorbital N.

(V1)

Branches of Lesser

Occipital N. (C2)

Branches of

Auriculotemporal N.

(V3)

Branches of

Zygomaticotemporal N.

(V2)

Zygomaticofacial N.

(V2)

Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,

13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

NERVES OF THE FACE AND SCALP

NERVES OF THE FACE AND SCALP

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NERVES OF THE FACE AND SCALP

Facial Nerve

NERVES OF THE FACE AND SCALP

Facial Nerve

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NERVES OF THE FACE AND SCALP

Facial Nerve

Paralysis

Normal

Abnormal

Is this a CNS

or PNS

defect?

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PAROTID GLAND

Parotid Gland

Parotid Duct

Accessory

Parotid Gland

Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,

13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

Branches of

Facial nerve

appear to

sprout from

parotid gland.

PAROTID GLAND

Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,

13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

PAROTID GLAND

Retromandibular vein

formed by union of

maxillary and superficial

temporal veins within

parotid gland

Facial nerve dividing

into branches within

parotid gland -

remember these are

motor branches only.

Superficial Temporal V.

Branches. of superficial

temporal a. - one of the

terminal branches. of the

external carotid a. which

has divided deep in the

parotid bed

Superficial Temporal

V.

Maxillary V.

Retromandibular V.

Facial V.

Posterior Auricular V.

External Jugular V.

PAROTID GLAND

Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,

13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

External Carotid A.

Maxillary A.

Superficial

Temporal A.

Te

rmin

al B

ran

ch

es

PAROTID GLAND

Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,

13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM