L4 Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words andphrases based on grades 11–12 reading and content, choosing flexibly from arange of strategies

How can I determine meaning of unknown words? What are

strategies to determine meaning of unknown words?

What is the purpose of reference materials (dictionary, thesaurus, glossary, almanac,

encyclopedia)?

a. Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence, paragraph, or text; aword’s position or function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a wordor phrase.

The spy succeeded only because he had a friend on theinside to abet him.

Joseph always dropped the names of the famous people his father knew as a way to aggrandize his personal stature.

Such lodging houses have caused more destitution, more beggary and crime than any other agency I know of.

While eating dinner with the adults, the diffident youth did not speak for fear of seeming presumptuous

a. Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence, paragraph, or text; aword’s position or function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a wordor phrase.

The spy SUCCEEDED only because he had a FRIEND on theINSIDE to abet him. Abet = Help

Joseph always dropped the names of the FAMOUS people his father knew as a way to aggrandize his personal STATURE. Aggrandize = make larger

Such lodging houses have caused more destitution, more BEGGARY and CRIME than any other agency I know of. Destitution = poverty

While eating dinner with the ADULTS, the diffident YOUTH did not speak for FEAR of seeming PRESUMPTUOUS. Diffident = shy, respectful

b. Identify and correctly use patterns of word changes that indicate differentmeanings or parts of speech (e.g., conceive, conception, conceivable).

Morphemes – Prefixes, Roots, Suffixes

Prefix Meaning Example

Anti- Against Antisocial, antifreeze

Bi- Two Bifocals, bicycle

Dis- Away, not Disgrace, disconnect

Non- Not Nonsense, nondescript

Pre- Before Precede, preview

Un- Not Uninteresting, unable

Roots Meaning Example

Aqua Water Aquatics, aquarium

Ami Love Amiable, amity

Bio Life Biologist, antibiotic

Hemo Blood Hematologist, hemoglobin

Geo Earth Geography, geology

Vita Life Vitality, vitamins

Suffix Meaning Example

able Capable of Believeable, recognizable

Ish Have the characteristics of

Selfish, foolish

Ly Sharing qualities of

Softly, quickly

Ment Forms nouns from verbs and adjectives

Government, movement, merriment

Ous Like Nervous, disastrous, porous

Which of these words has a suffix that means capable of?a. Unaccountableb. Naturalc. Conversationd. Discontented

How does a prefix change the meaning of a word in the following sentence – It was like some horrible crime committed in a dungeon, all unseen and unheeded, buried out of sight and of memory.e. –y changes memorize to a nounf. -ible changes horror to an adjectiveg. -un reverses heededh. Com- reverses mit

Which word is an English cognate of French souffrance and Italian sofferenza?i. Somehowj. Sufferingk. Sensel. Self-confidence

How does the suffix in the word trustingly affect its meaning?a. It becomes a verb describing how a trusting person acts.b. It becomes a noun to describe a person who has trust.c. It becomes an adjective to describe a person who trusts.d. It becomes an adverb describing someone acting with trust.

What is the root word of monstrous?e. Monf. Monsterg. Monst-h. Ous

What prefix could be added to believe to reverse its meaning?i. bi-j. Semi-k. Dis-l. Sub-

What is the root word of questionable?m. Questn. -tiono. -ablep. question