l2 structure and function of the nervous system

8/11/2019 L2 Structure and Function of the Nervous System

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DSP Note-taker Needed

$25 per unit (of the class)(this will be prorated based on the number

of weeks for which they are hired)

Questions: Please contact WandaThomas:

Phone: 893-2668

Email: [email protected]

Please apply onlineat http://dsp.sa.ucsb.edu/services
mailto:[email protected]://dsp.sa.ucsb.edu/serviceshttp://dsp.sa.ucsb.edu/servicesmailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Neuronal Signaling: An Overview

3. Receptors in the dendrite of the postsynaptic

neuron receivethe neurotransmitters,

depolarizing the membrane (cell wall).

4. If the depolarization is strong

enough, then it spreads down the

dendrite and across the cell body

integratingwith signals fromother dendrites at the axon

hillock.

2. The presynaptic neuron

communicates to the

postsyaptic neuron by releasing

neurotransmitters across thesynapse.

5. If the depolarization reaches

a critical threshold at the axon

hillock, then an action potential

is conducteddown the axon.

1. A presynaptic and postsynaptic neuron at rest.

6. Once the action potential reaches the axon

terminal, it releases neurotransmitters into the

synapse transmittinga signal to other neurons.


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Four factors establish the resting membrane potential.

1) Concentration gradients

2) Electrostatic pressure

The Resting Membrane Potential of a Neuron


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3) Permeability of the membrane to ions




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4)Active ion transport (Na+/K+pump)




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At rest:

. . . Na+want to enter the neuron.

. . . K

+

want to leave the neuron.

. . . Cl-want to remain in equilibrium.



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Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials or IPSPs:

Excitatory postsynaptic potentials or EPSPs:

Polarizing the membrane of a neuron

The Flow of Electrically Charged Ions


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The Starting Site of an Action Potential

Axon Hillock(Initial Segment)

The Ionic Basis of the Action Potential

The Flow of Electrically Charged Ions


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Action potential: a massivemomentary (~1 msec) reversal of the

membrane potential (from -70 mV to+50 mV)

The Ionic Basis of the Action Potential


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Cells Other Than Neurons (Glial Cells)

Astrocytes:

Microglial cells:


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Oligodendrocytes

Schwann cells

Myelin

Cells Other Than Neurons (Glial Cells)


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Dorsal

(superior)

Ventral

(inferior)

Rostral(anterior)

Caudal

(posterior)

lateralsurface

medial

surfacesulcus

gyrus

Some Neuroanatomy


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Hindbrain

Midbrain

Forebrain

Some Neuroanatomy


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Hindbrain

Cerebellum

Brain Stem

Some Neuroanatomy


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Midbrain

Reticular Formation

Substantia nigra &ventral tegmental

Some Neuroanatomy


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Forebrain

Cerebral CortexCorpus Callosum

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Some Neuroanatomy


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Central sulcus

Precentral gyrus

Postcentral gyrus

motor cortex

somatosensory cortex

Some Neuroanatomy


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Central sulcus

Postcentral gyrus

Precentral gyrusmotor cortex

somatosensory cortex

Some Neuroanatomy


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Frontal Lobe

Temporal Lobe

Parietal Lobe

Occipital Lobe

l2 structure and function of the nervous system

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